02 May, 2024
    Kuwongolera matenda a shuga

    Glycated hemoglobin

    Kusanthula kwa hemoglobin kwa glycated kumathandiza kwambiri pakuzindikira matenda ashuga. Phunziroli limathandizira kuzindikira matendawa m'mayambiriro a chitukuko, kuwunika kuopsa kwa zovuta, kupewa kuchuluka kwa shuga mtsogolo, kusintha chithandizo, ntchito zolimbitsa thupi ndi zakudya. Amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga ayenera kuyesedwa kuti athe kukonza mankhwalawa munthawi yake.

    Kodi glycated hemoglobin

    Glycated hemoglobin nthawi zina imapezeka m'mabuku asayansi ndi azachipatala monga glycosylated kapena monga yochepa kwa HbA1c. Ngakhale pali mitundu itatu ya izo: HbA1a, HbA1b ndi HbA1c, ndiye makamaka yomaliza yomwe ili ndi chidwi, popeza imapangidwa zochulukirapo kuposa zina zonse.

    Chokha, chizindikirochi chimadziwitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose yemwe amakhala pafupifupi m'magazi kwa nthawi yayitali (mpaka miyezi itatu). Zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yomwe imakanika kuti isinthe shuga.

    Kusintha:

    • Hb - mwachindunji hemoglobin,
    • A1 ndi kachigawo kake,
    • c - kutulutsa.

    Bwanji mutenge HbA1c

    Kuti mupeze ndemanga:

    1. Amayi oyembekezera kuti aziwulula matenda ashuga am'mbuyomu.
    2. Amayi oyembekezera omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba kuzindikira kuwonjezeka kwa hemoglobin wa glycated mu nthawi, yomwe imayambitsa kubadwa kwa mwana wosabadwa, kulemera kwakukulu kwa khanda, komanso kuperewera kwamimba komanso kubadwa msanga.
    3. Anthu omwe amayesedwa kulekerera kwa shuga. Izi zimafunikira kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola komanso zowonjezereka.
    4. Iwo omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga kuti ayang'ane glycemia wawo kwa nthawi yayitali.

    Komanso hemoglobin ya glycated imalola koyamba kudziwa matenda ashuga kapena kuwunika momwe awabwezera.

    Mawonekedwe a kusanthula

    Chachilendo cha HbA1c ndichakuti simuyenera kukonzekera. Zinthu zomwe phunziroli ndi magazi, zimatha kutengedwa kuchokera kumsempha komanso kuchokera pachala - zimatengera mtundu wa wasanthule. Kusanthula kungachitike nthawi ina iliyonse masana. Ngati kusinthaku sikunali pamimba yopanda kanthu, izi ziyenera kuchenjezedwa pasadakhale.

    Ubwino ndi zoyipa za phunziroli

    Njira iliyonse imakhala ndi zopindulitsa ndi zopweteka. Ubwino wofunikira kwambiri pakuwunikaku ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe amadya kapena omwe samamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zonse. Anthu ena amayesa kuthamangitsa dokotala wawo, amayamba kuchepetsa kudya maswiti patangotsala sabata kuti apereke magazi, koma chowonadi chimapezekanso, chifukwa hemoglobin ya glycated imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi ingapo yapitayo.

    • Matenda a shuga amapezeka ngakhale koyambirira,
    • Mutha kuwunika kutsatira mankhwalawa komanso zakudya m'miyezi itatu yapitayo,
    • magazi amayenda kuchokera ku chala kapena mtsempha,
    • kusanthula kumachitika nthawi iliyonse masana,
    • Zotsatira zake zimawunika kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga,
    • matenda opatsirana samakhudza zotsatira.

    Zoyipa zake ndi monga mtengo wa kusanthula. Komanso, sikwabwino kuchita kusanthula konseko, chifukwa zotsatira zake zimakhala zosokoneza. Phunziroli limabweretsa zolakwika pamilandu yotsatirayi:

    • Kuika magazi. Kuchita izi kungasokoneze chizindikiritso chenicheni cha HbA1c, chifukwa magawo a woperekayo ndiosiyana ndi a munthu yemwe adalowetsedwa ndi magazi a munthu wina.
    • Kutulutsa magazi kwambiri.
    • Matenda amwazi, monga kuchepa magazi m'thupi.
    • Amachotsedwa kale ndulu.
    • Matenda a chiwindi ndi impso.
    • Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya chithokomiro.

    Kulemba zotsatira

    Ma labotale osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana amtundu wa glycated hemoglobin;

    Mtengo wa HbA1c,%Glucose, mmol / LMapeto oyambira
    43,8Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndichochepa, chifukwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe ndimabwinobwino
    5,7-6,06,5-7,0Pali chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga. Ndi zotsatira zotere, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa zotsekemera m'zakumwa ndikulembetsa mu endocrinologist
    6,1-6,47,0-7,8Chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga
    6.5 ndi pamwambapa7.9 ndi pamwambaNdi zizindikiro zotere, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Mwambiri, manambalawa akuwonetsa shuga omwe alipo, koma mayeso owonjezera amafunikira kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi matendawa.

    Zomwe zimapangitsa HbA1c yokwezeka ikhale:

    • Matenda a shuga amapezeka.
    • Carbohydrate metabolism kulephera.
    • Chuma choperewera magazi.
    • Kuchotsa ndulu zakale.
    • Poizoni wa Ethanoli.
    • Kulowetsa zinthu zamtundu wa metabolic zomwe zimakhala m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa nthawi yoyenera chifukwa cha matenda amkodzo.

    Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hemoglobin yafupike:

    • Hypoglycemia.
    • Kuchepetsa moyo wamaselo ofiira am'magazi omwe amakhudzana ndi matenda achilendo am'magazi.
    • Mkhalidwe pambuyo kuvutika kwambiri magazi.
    • Mkhalidwe pambuyo pakuika magazi.
    • Matenda a pancreatic.

    Ngati mayi woyembekezera apititsa kusanthula kwake, chizindikirocho chimatha kusinthidwa nthawi yonse yobereka. Zomwe zimadumpha zitha chifukwa cha:

    • kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi mwa mayi woyembekezera,
    • chipatso chachikulu kwambiri
    • matenda aimpso.

    Kudalira kwa HbA1c pamlingo wamagazi m'magazi

    Mulingo wambiri wa shuga m'magazi kwa miyezi itatu, mmol / lMtengo wa hemoglobin wa glycated,%
    7,06
    8,67
    10,28
    11,89
    13,410
    14,911
    16,512

    Magawo a chandamale (abwinobwino) a matenda ashuga

    "Target level" amatanthauza manambala omwe muyenera kuyesetsa kuti musapeze zovuta mtsogolo. Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi glycated hemoglobin wochepera 7%, ndiye chizolowezi. Koma zingakhale bwino ngati chiwerengerochi chikufuna 6%, chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti kuyesera kuchepetsa sikuvulaza thanzi. Ndi chiwongolero chabwino cha matenda a shuga, HbA1c mtengo Kodi hemoglobin ingachepetse bwanji?

    Pofuna kuti moyo usakhale ndi thanzi labwino, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse HbA1c. Kupatula apo, ngati izi sizichitika, chiopsezo cha zovuta za shuga chikukula.

    Njira 5 zothandizira kuchepetsa HbA1c popanda vuto:

    1. Osanyalanyaza mankhwala. Madokotala samangolemba mankhwala, ayenera kudaliridwa. Mankhwala okwanira ndi chinsinsi cha zisonyezo zabwino. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziyitanitsa nokha ndi mankhwala otchipa, ngakhale mutakhala kuti pali zomwe zikuchitika.
    2. Zakudya zoyenera. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa pang'ono kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amapakidwa ndikuchepetsa magawo, koma onjezerani kuchuluka kwa zakudya. Thupi siliyenera kumva njala komanso kukhala opanikizika nthawi zonse. Ndikudya kwa nthawi yayitali, kudya mopatsa mphamvu nthawi zambiri kumachitika, zomwe zimapereka mwayi ngati kulumikizidwa kwakukuru mu shuga.
    3. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Maphunziro a Cardio ndi othandiza kwambiri, pomwe mtima wamphamvu umalimbikitsidwa, moyo wabwino umasinthidwa ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachepetsedwa. Simuyenera kuyembekezera zotsatira zapompopompo, chifukwa chake masewerawa amayenera kuphatikizidwa moyanjana ndi mtundu wina wamoyo. Ngati oletsedwa, kuyenda kwakutali mlengalenga kumathandizanso.
    4. Kusunga chidule. Payenera kulembedwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, zakudya, zizindikiro za glycemia (muyeso ndi glucometer), Mlingo wa mankhwala ndi mayina awo. Chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kuzindikira njira zowonjezera kapena kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi.
    5. Nthawi zonse shuga. Anthu ena, pofuna kupulumutsa ndalama, gwiritsani ntchito mita nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira. Izi siziyenera kukhala. Kuyeza pafupipafupi kumathandizira kusintha zakudya kapena kuchuluka kwa mankhwala munthawi yake.

    Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

    Munthu akapatsidwa upangiri woyamba kuwunikira, amakhala ndi mafunso, mayankho omwe amaphunziridwa bwino ndi dokotala. Koma amathanso kupezeka pa intaneti. Izi ndi zofala kwambiri:

    Kodi zingakhale zolakwika ndipo chifukwa cha chiyani?

    Zoyenera kudziwa zaumunthu ziyenera kukumbukiridwa nthawi zonse: machubu amatha kusakanikirana, kutayika, kutumizidwa kuti awone zolakwika, etc.

    • zosunga bwino zakuthupi
    • kupezeka pa nthawi yopereka magazi (sinthani zotsatira zake),
    • kupezeka kwa carbamylated hemoglobin mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la impso. Mtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi HbA1c, chifukwa umakhala ndi mlandu wofanana, nthawi zina umatengedwa ngati glycated, chifukwa chomwe zotsatira zake zimakhudzidwa kwambiri.

    Kodi ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer ngati kuwunika kwa HbA1c kumaperekedwa pafupipafupi?

    Kukhalapo kwa glucometer yaumwini ndikofunikira, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi monga amalemba ndi endocrinologist. Kusanthula kwa hemoglobin ya glycated kumawonetsa zotsatira zapakati pa miyezi itatu. Koma kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe amasintha tsiku lonse - ayi.

    Kusanthula Mtengo kwa HbA1c?

    Dera lililonse lili ndi mitengo yake. Mtengo pafupifupi wake ndi 800-900 rubles.

    Kodi zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka kuma labotale osiyanasiyana zimakhala zothandiza?

    Kuunikako kulibe njira yodziwira nokha yomwe ma labotore onse amagwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa zotsatira zake zimakhala zosiyanasiyana pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo osiyanasiyana pakhoza kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Ndikwabwino kusankha labotale yamakono komanso yotsimikiziridwa ndikuwunikirako mosalekeza.

    Kangati kumwa hemoglobin wa glycated

    Odwala matenda ashuga amalangizidwa kuti azisanthula miyezi itatu iliyonse, ndiye kuti, nthawi 4 pachaka kuwunika momwe mankhwala amathandizira, kuchuluka kwa chindapusa cha kagayidwe kazakudya ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chizindikirocho chili mu phindu lake.

    Kodi nthawi yanji amasankhidwa? Glycated hemoglobin imagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi maselo ofiira am'magazi, omwe moyo wawo umakhala pafupifupi masiku 120, koma ndi matenda ena amwazi amatha kuchepetsedwa.

    Ngati mulingo wokhazikika wa shuga, mankhwalawa amasankhidwa bwino ndipo munthu akatsatira chakudya, mutha kuyeserera kangapo - kawiri pachaka. Anthu athanzi amayesedwa zaka 1-3 zilizonse mofuna.

    Kodi HbA1C imasiyana mwa amuna ndi akazi

    Kusiyana pakati pazotsatira mwa akazi ndi abambo ndizochepa. Amasiyana kwenikweni ndi 0.5%, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yonse.

    Mitengo ya HbA1C mwa anthu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zaka:

    HbA1c,%
    M'badwoAkaziAmuna
    Pansi pa 294,64,6
    30 mpaka 505,5 - 75,5 – 6,4
    Opitilira 50Zochepera 7.5Zochepera 7

    Njira zodziwitsa

    Njira yokhayo yoona yomwe aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito siali. Katswiri a hemoglobin wa glycated amatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito:

    • chromatography yamadzimadzi
    • immunoturbodimetry,
    • ion kusinthana chromatography,
    • kusanthula kwa nephelometric.

    Pomaliza, titha kunena kuti kusanthula ndikofunikira mu moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo mutha kuwona momwe shuga imaperekedwera komanso momwe amasankhidwira mankhwala oyenera.

    Kodi hemoglobin ya glycated imawonetsa chiyani? Chifukwa chiyani odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kuyesedwa?

    Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

    Glycohemoglobin akuwonetsa kuthekera kwa neuropathy, matenda a coronary, phazi la matenda ashuga, ndikuwonetsanso ngati mlingo wa insulin wa mtundu 1 wodwala matenda a shuga amawerengedwa molondola. Tiyeni timvetsetse kuti kusanthula uku ndi chiyani. Momwe mungaperekere magazi a glycogemoglobin komanso kuti mumvetsetse bwanji?

    Kuwunika kwa Glycogemoglobin: mawonekedwe ndi maubwino

    • Pankhaniyi, wodwala matenda a shuga 1 amatha kukhala ndi shuga wambiri atatha kudya (ngati mlingo wa insulini sunawerengeredwe molondola).
    • Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, shuga ochulukirapo amatha kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi ngati zakudya sizitsatiridwa.
    • Mwinanso kuwonjezeka kwa shuga. Potere, kupezeka kwa magazi m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu kumawonetsa zotsatira zabwinobwino, kukokomeza pang'ono kwa shuga m'mawa. Ndipo mavuto amakula pang'onopang'ono.

    Nthawi yomweyo, kudumpha kwa shuga kumapeto kwa miyezi itatu kukuwonekera mu glycohemoglobin yowonjezera. Chizindikiro chachikuluchi, nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa glucose kumayenda mozungulira m'matumbo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zovuta zingapo za matenda ashuga zimapangidwanso.

    Kwa odwala matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito kamodzi pa sabata. Pa kafukufukuyu, odwala matenda a shuga amawongolera shuga kangapo patsiku:

    • pamaso chakudya chilichonse
    • Maola awiri mutadya
    • musanagone
    • ndi usiku, 3 koloko.

    Kuyeza kumeneku kumatchedwa mbiri ya glycometric, imapanga chithunzi chathunthu kuposa kupenda kwambiri shuga, koma osakwanira kuti mupeze zovuta ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa insulin.

    Bweretsani ku nkhani

    Momwe mungamvetsetse zotsatira za kusanthula?

    Nthawi yomweyo, woposa theka la matupi ogwiridwayo amakhala amwezi watha (tisanayesedwe). Ndiye kuti, kusanthula kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi makamaka pakapita mwezi umodzi ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri.

    Kwa odwala matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse, zomwe zili glycohemoglobin (HbAIc) mpaka 6.5% zimawerengedwa ngati chisonyezo chabwino, chomwe chimawonetsa kutsata zakudya (ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2) komanso kuwerengera kolondola kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin (mtundu 1 wa shuga).

    Kuchulukanso kwa chizindikirocho kukuwonetsa kupangika kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga komanso kufunika kwa kusintha.

    • Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga a 2 amafunika kuwongolera menyu ndikuwathandizira.
    • Wodwala yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1 amafunikira kusintha kwa jakisoni wa insulin.

    Bweretsani ku nkhani

    Kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi

    Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi ndi gawo limodzi la mankhwalawa komanso kuwunika kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Komabe, kafukufuku wokhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga amalembedwa osati kokha kwa iwo omwe apatsidwa kale matenda owopsa, komanso ndi cholinga chofufuzira momwe thupi limakhalira nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa zikhalidwe ndi matenda zimakambidwanso munkhaniyi.

    Kwa ndani ndipo chifukwa chiyani kusanthula kumalembedwa

    Glucose ndiye maziko a kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Mphamvu yamkati yamanjenje, zinthu zomwe zimagwira m'thupi ndi chiwindi ndizomwe zimayang'anira kuwongolera shuga. Matenda a m'matenda amthupi komanso matenda angapo amatha kutsatana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga (hyperglycemia) kapena kukhumudwa kwake (hypoglycemia).

    Zizindikiro za kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi ndi izi:

    • shuga mellitus (wodalira insulin, osadalira insulini),
    • zochita za odwala matenda ashuga,
    • nthawi yapakati
    • njira zodzitetezera zamagulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo,
    • kuzindikira ndi kusiyanitsa kwa hypo- ndi hyperglycemia,
    • zinthu zadzidzidzi
    • sepsis
    • matenda a chiwindi (hepatitis, cirrhosis),
    • matenda a endocrine dongosolo (matenda a Cushing, kunenepa kwambiri, hypothyroidism),
    • matenda a pituitary.

    Mitundu ya kusanthula

    Magazi ndiye chilengedwe chachilengedwe cha thupi, mwa kusintha kwazomwe zimayambitsa kudziwa kukhalapo kwa ma pathologies, njira zotupa, chifuwa ndi zina. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumaperekanso mwayi wofotokozera mulingo wamatenda ochokera ku carbohydrate metabolism komanso kusiyanitsa mkhalidwe wa thupi.

    Kusanthula kambiri

    Kafukufuku wama paramu a magazi samazindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga, koma ndi gawo limodzi la njira zina zonse zowunikira. Ndi chithandizo chake, hemoglobin, zinthu zofanana, zotsatira za magazi zimatchulidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira ku matenda aliwonse ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi zowonjezera zazachipatala.

    Kuyesedwa kwa magazi

    Kafukufukuyu amakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a capillary capillary. Zizindikiro za amuna ndi akazi ndizofanana ndipo zimasiyana ndi 10-12% kuchokera kuzowonetsa magazi a venous. Mlingo wa shuga mwa akulu ndi ana ndiosiyana.

    Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera pachala pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Potanthauzira zotsatira, mulingo wa shuga umasonyezedwa m'magawo a mmol / l, mg / dl, mg /% kapena mg / 100 ml. Zizindikiro zodziwika zimasonyezedwa patebulopo (mmol / l).

    ZosangalatsaMatendawa ndi abwinobwinoBorder stateDera la matenda ashuga
    Zaka 5 ndi okulirapo3,3-5,55,6-66.1 ndi zina
    Ana wazaka 1-53,3-55,1-5,45.5 ndi zina
    Mpaka chaka chimodzi2,8-4,44,5-4,95 ndi zina

    Kusanthula kwa zamankhwala ndi njira yodziwikitsira anthu onse. Zida zofufuzira zimatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha womwe uli mu ulnar fossa. Kusanthula kumayenera kutengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Msuzi wa shuga ndiwokwera kuposa momwe umakhazikika m'magazi a capillary (mmol / l):

    • wazaka 5 ndi kupitilira ndi 3.7-6,
    • mkhalidwe wa prediabetes kuyambira wazaka 5 ndi kupitilira - 6.1-6.9,
    • "Matenda okoma" a zaka 5 ndi okulirapo - opitilira 7,
    • muyezo kwa ana osakwana zaka 5 ndi mpaka 5.6.

    Zofunika! Chofunikira ndi kukana kutsuka mano anu ndikutafuna chingamu patsiku loyesedwa, popeza chilichonse mwazinthuzo zimakhala ndi shuga.

    Mofananamo, kusanthula kwachilengedwe kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, popeza kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kamakhudzana mwachindunji ndi lipid.

    Tanthauzo la kulolerana

    Kuyesedwa ndi njira yayitali yomwe imatenga maola angapo. Amawalembera odwala kuti afotokozere za kukhalapo kwa prediabetes komanso amayi apakati kuti adziwe mtundu wamatendawa omwe matendawa adayamba.

    Kukonzekera kumakhalapo kuti kwa masiku atatu kusanachitike kusanthula, munthu sayenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri chomwe amalandila m'thupi, kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, osachepetsa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. M'mawa pa tsiku lomwe zinthuzo zimaperekedwa kuti zikayesedwe, muyenera kukana chakudya, madzi okha ndi omwe amaloledwa.

    Zinthu ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:

    • kukhalapo kwa matenda othandizira kupuma,
    • kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi zamasiku am'mbuyomu,
    • kumwa mankhwala omwe amakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

    Kuyeserera kwa glucose kumachitika m'njira zotsatirazi:

    1. Mpanda wamitsempha yamagazi kapena magazi kuchokera pachala.
    2. Glucose ufa, wogulidwa mu mankhwala, amamuyika mu 75 g mu kapu yamadzi ndipo amamwa.
    3. Pambuyo pa maola awiri, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumachitidwanso chimodzimodzi monga nthawi yoyamba.
    4. Monga adokotala adalembera, amatha kuyeserera theka lililonse la ola pambuyo pa "katundu" wa shuga (maphunziro apakatikati).

    Kuchuluka kwa ufa wofunikira pakuwunika "ndi katundu" kumawerengeredwa ndi chiwerengero cha 1.75 g pa kilogalamu imodzi, koma 75 g ndiye mlingo wambiri.

    Glycated hemoglobin

    Ichi ndi hemoglobin, mamolekyu ake omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi glucose. Mayunitsi ndi amaperesenti. Mukakhala ndi shuga, pamakhala kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin wambiri. Njira imakuthandizani kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'masiku 90 apitawa.

    Ubwino wa njirayi ndi awa:

    • odzipereka nthawi iliyonse, osati pamimba yopanda kanthu,
    • ili ndi kulondola kwambiri
    • zosavuta komanso zachangu kuposa TTG,
    • limakupatsani mwayi wodziwa zolakwika pakudya kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga masiku 90 apitawa,
    • osatengera nyengo zopsinjika kapena kukhalapo kwa matenda opuma.

    • mtengo wa kusanthula ndi wokwera poyerekeza ndi njira zina,
    • odwala ena amachepetsa kuphatikiza kwa hemoglobin wokhala ndi shuga,
    • kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi hemoglobinopathies - momwe zinthu zimasokonekera,
    • hypothyroidism imatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated, koma glucose wabwinobwino.

    Zotsatira ndi kuwunika kwawo zalembedwa pagome. Chofunikira ndikuti zisonyezo ndizofanana kwa azimayi, abambo ndi ana.

    Zotsatira%Kodi chizindikiro chimatanthawuza chiyani?
    Zochepera 5.7Kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga ndi kocheperako, kagayidwe kazachilengedwe ndimabwinobwino
    5,7-6,0Chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga ndichochepa, koma chilipo. Popewa, ndibwino kusinthana ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi pang'ono mafuta.
    6,1-6,4Chiwopsezo cha matendawa ndichochuluka. Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso kudya ndizofunikira kuti munthu akhalebe ndi moyo.
    Zoposa 6.5Matendawa akufunsidwa. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kutifotokozere zomwe zimachitika.

    Kutsimikiza kwa fructosamine mulingo

    Njira yake siyotchuka, koma ikuwonetsa. Amachitika kuti adziwe mphamvu ya mankhwalawa amasankhidwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Fructosamine ndi zovuta za albumin (nthawi zambiri, mumapuloteni ena) okhala ndi shuga.

    Kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira (zizindikiro wamba):

    • ana ochepera zaka 5 - 144-248 micromol / l,
    • ana kuyambira azaka 5 mpaka 12 - 144-256 μmol / l,
    • kuyambira zaka 12 mpaka 18 - 150-264 μmol / l,
    • akuluakulu, nthawi yoyembekezera - 161-285 micromol / l.

    Njira yowonetsera

    Kuyesedwa kwa kudziwa shuga kumachitika mu ma labotale komanso kunyumba. Chofunika ndicho kupezeka kwa katswiri wapadera - glucometer. Dontho la magazi a capillary limayikidwa pa Mzere wapadera womwe umayikidwa mu kusanthula. Zotsatira zake zimadziwika m'mphindi zochepa.

    Zofunika! Njira yofotokozedwera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera glucose mulingo wamphamvu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.

    Miyezi yokwezeka ya shuga ikhoza kuwonetsa zotsatirazi:

    • matenda ashuga
    • chilonda chachikulu komanso chamba
    • matenda a adrenal gland (pheochromocytoma),
    • ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ya mankhwala oletsa kubereka (mwa akazi), okodzetsa, mankhwala a antiidal (amuna),
    • matenda a chiwindi.

    Glucose itha kutsitsidwa pazotsatirazi:

    • chithokomiro cha chithokomiro,
    • poyizoni wa mowa
    • kuledzera kwa arsenic, mankhwala,
    • kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira malire
    • kusala
    • malabsorption wa chakudya cham'mimba.

    Munthawi ya bere, mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemia umatha kukhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kumwa kwa gawo lina la shuga mwa mayi. Kapena, mosiyana, mwa akazi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwera (shuga ya gestational), ndipo mwana akangobadwa, mkhalidwe wama glucose umabweranso wamba.

    Mulimonsemo, zotsatira zonse zimayesedwa ndi dokotala wopezekapo, pamaziko omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi matenda kapena kuchuluka kwa thanzi la wodwalayo kumatsimikiziridwa.

    Kuyesedwa kwa hemoglobin ya glycated: zomwe zimachitika mwa amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

    Nyuzipepala yaku Britain yofalitsa zotsatira za kuyesera komwe kumayenera kukhazikitsa kudalirika kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated ndi chiopsezo cha kufa pakati pa amuna. HbA1C idayendetsedwa mu odzipereka a mibadwo yosiyana: kuchokera pa zaka 45 mpaka 79. Kwenikweni, anali anthu athanzi (opanda matenda ashuga).

    Mwa amuna omwe amawerengera glucose mpaka 5% (pafupifupi), kuphedwa kwamunthu kunali kochepa kwambiri (makamaka kuchokera ku kugunda kwa mtima ndi stroko). Kuchulukitsa chizindikirochi ndi 1% chokha komwe kumawonjezera mwayi waimfa ndi 28%! Malinga ndi zotsatira za lipotilo, mtengo wa HbA1C wa 7% umawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufa ndi 63% (mukayerekeza ndi chizolowezi), ndipo 7% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zonse amawonedwa ngati zotsatira zabwino!

    Kuyesedwa kwa hemoglobin ya glycated ndi kafukufuku wofunikira, mtundu wa zilembo zam'magazi zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wofufuza bwino matenda ashuga. Zimathandizira kuyendetsa bwino ntchito ya chithandizo chake.

    Ntchito yayikulu ya hemoglobin ndikupereka mpweya m'maselo. Puloteni iyi imagwirizana ndi mamolekyulu a shuga. Ndizomwe zimatchedwa glycosylated hemoglobin. Mashuga ochulukirapo m'magazi, hemoglobin yochulukirapo imapangidwa, yomwe imadziwika ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndi zotsatira zake.

    Pakadali pano, mayesowa ndi ofunikira ku hyperglycemia, amakupatsani mwayi wofufuza matenda ashuga pamene mitundu ina ya mayeso sikukonza. Kuwunikaku kumathandizira kuzindikira bwino matenda a shuga m'magawo oyambira. Kuyesedwa koteroko kumathandiza anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumvetsetsa momwe adayang'anira bwino glycemia kwa masiku 90-100, momwe shuga imayendera mwachangu, komanso ngati mankhwala omwe asankhidwa omwe amachepetsa shuga ndi othandiza.

    Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

    Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njirayi

    Ma molekyulu a glucose m'magazi amatenga ndi maselo ofiira amwazi. Zotsatira zake ndimapangidwe osasunthika ngakhale mapuloteni awa akafa mu ndulu. Katunduyu wa iwo amathandizira kuzindikira vuto molawirira kwambiri, pomwe mayeso wamba sanamvebe kusintha m'magazi.

    Kusanthula musanadye kumakulolani kudziwa shuga, mutatha kudya - kumawunikira zomwe zili pansi pake. Glycated hemoglobin mu shuga mellitus amayesa glycemia m'miyezi itatu yapitayo. Kodi njira yowerengera iyi ndi iti?

    • Kuyesereraku kungachitike osati m'mawa, pafupi ndi kukomoka kwa njala, mayesowo akuwonetsa chithunzi cholondola kwambiri, kuwulula matenda ashuga pamlingo wa prediabetes.
    • Kukhazikika kwa preanalytical - magazi omwe amatengedwa kunja kwa labotale amatha kusungidwa mpaka kuyezetsa kwa vitro.
    • HbA1C imathandizira kuwunika kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu cha shuga mu shuga, kuti musankhe mtundu woyenera wa mankhwala a hypoglycemic.
    • Choyimira sichimatengera kupsinjika, matenda, zolakwika mu chakudya, kumwa mankhwala aliwonse.
    • Kuyesako kumakhala kofulumira, kosavuta komanso kotsika mtengo kuposa mayeso a shuga a chikhalidwe, omwe amatenga maola awiri.

    Ndi anemia, hemoglobinopathy kapena mavuto ndi chithokomiro, komanso kuchuluka kwakudya m'zakudya za mavitamini E ndi C, zotsatira zake sizabwino. Njirayi sioyenera kuyesa pachimake hyperglycemia.

    Chiyeso chosagwira ntchito kwa amayi apakati. Chithunzi chojambula chimatha kuwonekera pokhapokha mwezi wa 8-9, pomwe mavuto akuwonekera kale mu trimester yachiwiri. Pali odwala omwe amachepetsa kulumikizana pakati pa HbA1C ndi kuwerengera kwa glucose.

    Zowonazo ndizophatikiza mtengo wa mayeso: mtengo wapakati pazantchito ndi ma ruble 520 kuphatikiza ma ruble ena okwana 170 ndi mtengo wamapulogalamu a magazi a venous. Si dera lililonse lomwe limakhala ndi mwayi wofufuzidwa.

    Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuyesedwa?

    Hemoglobin ndi puloteni yomwe imakhala ndi chitsulo ndipo imatha kunyamula oxygen m'thupi lonse. Maselo ofiira amthupi amakhala ndi miyezi 3-4 yokha, ndikulondola kuti ayesedwe HbA1C ndi pafupipafupi chotere.

    Kuchedwa kopanda enzymatic kumapereka mgwirizano wamphamvu wa glucose ndi hemoglobin. Pambuyo pa glycation, glycosylated hemoglobin imapangidwa. Kukula kwa zomwe zimachitika zimatengera kuwerengera kwa mita mu nthawi yoyendetsa. HbA1C imakupatsani mwayi wopenda magazi m'masiku 90-100.

    Tisanayesedwe pafupipafupi, odwala matenda ashuga "ambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro," kuyesa kukonza chithunzithunzi. Mukamayesa HbA1c, chinyengo ichi sichikugwira ntchito, zolakwika zonse muzakudya ndi mankhwala azikumbukiridwa.

    Zina mwa njira zopezekera pazanema zidanenedwa ndi Pulofesa E. Malysheva:

    Miyezo ya HbA1c

    Popanda zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, HbA1C imasintha mosiyanasiyana pakati pa 4-6%. Amawerengeredwa poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka konse kwamaselo ofiira am'magazi. Chizindikirochi chikuwonetsa metabolism wabwino wa chakudya.

    Kuthekera kotenga matenda "okoma" kumawonjezeka ndi mfundo za HbA1C kuchokera ku 6.5 mpaka 6.9%. Ngati atha kugunda kwa 7%, izi zikutanthauza kuti kagayidwe ka lipid kamakhala kovuta, ndipo kusintha kwa shuga kumachenjeza za prediabetes. Malire a hemoglobin a glycated (zomwe zili mu shuga mellitus) amasiyana mitundu ya matenda ashuga komanso amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Kusiyanaku kukuwonekera bwino pagome.

    Ndikofunika kuti achinyamata azisamalira HbA1C yawo poyerekeza ndi odwala matenda ashuga. Kuwunikira kwa hemoglobin ya glycated kwa amayi apakati kumakhala kotheka kwa miyezi 1-3, mtsogolomo, kusintha kwa mahomoni sikupereka chithunzi cholondola.

    HbA1C ndi hemoglobin wakupha

    Fatog hemin imapezekanso mwa akhanda. Mosiyana ndi ma analogues, mawonekedwewa amatumiza mpweya wabwino m'maselo. Kodi hemoglobin yomwe imapha imakhudza umboni?

    Zambiri za okosijeni zomwe zimakhala m'magazi zimathandizira njira ya makutidwe ndi okosijeni, ndipo chakudya chimasinthidwa kukhala glucose mwachangu ndikusintha kofanana ndi glycemia. Izi zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba, kupanga insulini ndi hemoglobin wa shuga.

    Zambiri za kuyesa kwa hemoglobin ya glycated - mu kanema:

    Zinthu za phunziroli

    Mwayi wofunikira pakuwunika hemoglobin ya glycosylated ndi kusowa kwa kufunika kwakukonzekera kulikonse komanso kuthekera kwakuti kuchititse nthawi yovomerezeka. Njira zapadera zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza chithunzi chodalirika mosasamala zakudya kapena mankhwala, matenda opatsirana, nkhawa, kapenanso mowa.

    Kuti mupeze chithunzi cholondola cha zotsatira zake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisadye chakudya cham'mawa, chifukwa wodwala, monga lamulo, amayesedwa mozama, ndipo izi zingakhudze mayeso ena. Mu tsiku limodzi kapena awiri mutha kudziwa zotsatira zake. Pokambirana ndi endocrinologist, muyenera kumamuwuza za kuchepa kwa magazi, matenda a kapamba, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini.

    Zotsatira zoyeserera zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana posankha ma labotore osiyanasiyana. Zimatengera njira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuchipatala. Kuti mutsate zamphamvu zakukula kwa matendawa, ndikofunika kuyeserera nthawi zonse malo amodzi. Ndikofunikira kuyesedwa pafupipafupi: kwakhazikitsidwa mwachipatala kuti kuchepa kwa HbA1 ngakhale 1% moyenera kumachepetsa zovuta.

    Mtundu wa LEDZovuta zothekaKuchepetsa chiopsezo,%
    Mtundu woyamba wa shugaRetinopathy

    Type 2 shugaMicro ndi macroangiopathy

    Imfa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga

    Kodi HbA1 yafupika?

    Kufunika kwa HbA1 m'munsi mwabwinobwino m'matenda a shuga kumatanthauza hypoglycemia. Momwe amadziwikiratu amadziwika nthawi zambiri kuposa kupitilirapo. Ndi dzino lotsekemera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito maswiti nthawi zonse, kapamba amagwira ntchito kuvala, kutulutsa timadzi tambiri tambiri. Zofunikira zoyambira ndikupanga ma neoplasms momwe ma b-cell amapanga insulin yambiri.

    Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga komanso zokonda za dzino lokoma, palinso zifukwa zina zotsika HbA1:

    • Zakudya zazitali za carb
    • Matenda a m'magazi ogwirizana ndi kusungunuka kwa glucose payekha,
    • Njira zam'mbuyo komanso zotupa,
    • Anemia
    • Mavuto ndi hypothalamus,
    • Katundu wosakwanira wamisempha
    • Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri a insulin.

    Kuti mupeze zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a glycated hemoglobin mu shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa kwathunthu.

    Pa gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga okhala ndi moyo wautali wazaka 5, HbA1 ikhale yodziwika mpaka 8%, chifukwa mwayi wokhala nawo mu hypoglycemia ndiwopamwamba kuposa kuwopseza zotsatira za matenda ashuga. Muubwana ndi unyamata komanso panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati, ndikofunikira kusunga HbA1C mpaka 5%.

    Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti HbA1 iwonjezeke

    Kupitilira muyeso wa hemoglobin wa glycated mu mtundu 1 kapena mtundu 2 kungatanthauze hyperglycemia. Matenda a pancreatic amapezeka pafupipafupi pamene kusanthula kwa HbA1 kuli pamwamba pa 7%. Zizindikiro za 6-7% zimawonetsa kulekerera kwa glucose komanso zovuta zama metabolic.

    Kwa amayi apakati ndi ana, kuyang'ana hemoglobin wa glycated sikuli kofunikira kuposa kwa okalamba. Mukanyalanyaza malangizowa, zovuta zapakati pa kubereka kwa mwana, kubadwa msanga, komanso kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la mayiyo ndizotheka. Hemoglobin yotsika mumtunduwu ndivuto wamba, chifukwa zofunika zawo zachitsulo ndizokwera kwambiri (mpaka 15 - 18 mg).

    Hyperglycemia imadziwika kuti imangokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga, komanso matenda a chithokomiro, kulephera kwa chiwindi, kusokonezeka kwa hypothalamus (gawo laubongo lomwe limayang'anira ntchito ya gland ya endocrine).

    Ngati ana atakweza hemoglobin (kuchokera 10%) glycated hemoglobin, ndizowopsa kuigwetsa pansi kwambiri, mwanayo sangaoneke mpaka khungu. Ngati vutoli lokha silinathetsedwe kwa nthawi yayitali, litha kuchepetsedwa ndi mankhwala ndi 1% pachaka.

    Glycemic control kunyumba

    Ndi mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga, boma la magazi anu liyenera kuwunika tsiku lililonse kuti musinthe katundu, zakudya kapena mlingo wa mankhwala ngati kuli kofunikira. Nthawi zambiri mita ya shuga imayang'ana kuti shuga asala kudya, maola awiri mutatha kadzutsa, musanadye chakudya chamadzulo komanso usiku.

    Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, ngati wodwala salandira jakisoni wa insulin, njira ziwirizo ndizokwanira. Kuchulukitsa kwa wodwala aliyense kumatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala. Zotsatira za ashuga a glucometer amalembedwa mu diary kuti ayese mbiriyo mumphamvu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'ana shuga pa nthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati, nthawi yoyenda, ndi minofu kapena kutopa kwambiri.

    Ngati matenda ashuga apezeka kale ndipo akupita patsogolo, simuyenera kungokhala pa mayeso amodzi a HbA1C. Sichikuwonetsa kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka magazi ndi katundu wa carbohydrate, kuthandiza kusintha molondola moyo.

    Odwala ena a shuga samawongolera glycemia, pofotokoza chisankho chawo chifukwa chakuti kusokonezeka kosafunikira kumakhudza deta yoyesa.

    Zomwe zotsatira zoyesazi zimanena zimatha kumvetsetsa.

    HbA1C,%Glucose, mmol / LHbA1C,%Glucose, mmol / L
    43,8810,2
    4,54,68,511,0
    55,4911,8
    5,56,59,512,6
    67,01013,4
    6,57,810,514,2
    78,61114,9
    7,59,411,515,7

    Momwe mungasungire dzuwa lanu la plasma

    Malangizo apadera amafuna kuti odwala matenda ashuga a HbA1C akhale pansi pa 7%. Pokhapokha, matenda a shuga amalipiridwa mokwanira, ndipo chiwopsezo cha zovuta ndizochepa.

    Mwapang'ono, zakudya zama carb zotsika zimathetsa vutoli, koma kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu cha shuga kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi zovuta za hypoglycemic. Luso la kumverera bwino pakati pamaopsezo a hypoglycemia ndi hyperglycemia, wodwala matenda ashuga amaphunzira moyo wake wonse.

    Glycated hemoglobin ndi deta ya masiku 90-100, ndipo ndizosatheka kuiletsa m'nthawi yochepa, ndipo ndiyowopsa. Chofunikira chachikulu pakulipira kwa glycemia ndi kupewa zovuta pamavuto a carbohydrate metabolism ndikutsatira kwambiri zakudya.

    1. Zakudya zotetezeka kwambiri ndizapuloteni: nyama, nsomba, mazira, mkaka, popanda thupi sizingakhale bwino.
    2. Mwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndibwino kuti musankhe zomwe zimamera pamwamba pa nthaka: nkhaka, kabichi, zukini, mapeyala, maapulo, mandimu, nkhanu. Zomera zozikika ndi zipatso zotsekemera (mphesa, nthochi, mapeyala) zimadyedwa mu nyengo yoposa 100 g ndipo mosiyana ndi zinthu zina.
    3. Matenda a shuga ndi nyemba ndi othandiza, nandolo amathanso kudyedwa zobiriwira. Nyemba za nyemba ndi chida chotsimikiziridwa chochepetsera shuga.
    4. Ngati muli ndi vuto losafuna kudya chinthu chokoma, ndibwino kuti mutenge chokoleti chakuda (30 g) chokoleti chamdima (osachepera 70% cocoa) kuposa maswiti omwe amadziwika ndi matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi fructose.
    5. Kwa okonda chimanga, ndibwino kuti musankhe zakudya zamafuta pang'ono, zomwe zimamwa nthawi yayitali ndipo zimakonzedwa bwino. Balere imakhala ndi index yotsika kwambiri ya glycemic, koma imakhala ndi gluten. Mpunga wakuda, mphodza, mphira, ndi oats zina nthawi zina zimatha kuphatikizidwa muzakudya.

    Chakudya chizikhala chopindika, mpaka katatu pa tsiku. Mapuloteni ndi zakudya zamafuta kwambiri zimadyedwa mosiyana. Kuchiritsa kwamoto pazinthu - zofatsa: kuwongolera, kuphika, kuwonda.

    Kuti muchepetse kunenepa, kusangalala, kukhala wathanzi, komanso, shuga, ndikofunikira kuti mupange masewera olimbitsa thupi anu pafupipafupi, poganizira zaka ndi thanzi lanu.

    Kuwunikira pafupipafupi kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated mu shuga mellitus ndikofunikira kubwezeredwa kwabwino kwa glycemic. Zovuta zomwe zimawululidwa panthawiyi zimathandiza kukonza njira zochizira, kupewa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Chiyeso cha HbA1 chimaphatikizidwa ndi European Association of Endocrinologists mu zovuta za zolembera zoyenera kuti azindikire matenda a shuga.

    Kuti mumve zambiri panjira yoyesera ya HbA1, onani vidiyo:

    Kodi kuyezetsa magazi kwa glycated hemoglobin kumawonetsa chiyani?

    Kusanthula kumeneku kukuwonetsa shuga wamagazi ambiri m'miyezi 3-4 yapitayi.

    Hba1c ndi chikhazikitso chokhazikika chomwe sichikhudzidwa ndi nthawi ya tsiku, zochita zolimbitsa thupi, kapena tsiku lanyengo chakudya, kapena mkhalidwe wamalingaliro.

    Zimakuthandizani kuti mumvetse bwino ngati shuga ali m'magazi. Koma chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha HbA1c kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, chifukwa amakulolani kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, osangokhala pa nthawi yoyezera ndi glucometer, komanso kuti muzindikire maulendo obisika. Mwachitsanzo, hypoglycemia usiku.

    Kutengera ndi kusanthula kumeneku, adokotala amatha kuwunika momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira komanso zakudya, komanso kusintha momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawo ngati pakufunika kutero.

    Komanso mulingo wa glycated hemoglobin ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira matenda oyamba a shuga.

    Chifukwa chiyani hemoglobin ya glycated imawonetsa shuga m'magazi miyezi itatu yapitayi, ndipo sichoncho, mwachitsanzo, 6?

    Maselo ofiira amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo masiku 120. Ichi ndichifukwa chake glycated hemoglobin imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi aumunthu omwe anali miyezi isanu ndi itatu yapitayo kusanachitike.

    Zoyambitsa Miyezo ya Hemoglobin Yowonjezera

    Cholinga chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin wa glycated ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mokulirapo kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, kumalimbikira kwambiri hemoglobin komanso kukwera kwa hemoglobin wambiri.

    Ndi kuchuluka kwa glycemia ndi 2mmol / L, HbA1c ikukula ndi 1%.

    Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwabodza kwa hemoglobin wa glycated zitha kukhala chifukwa cha:

    • Kuchulukitsa kwamitsempha yamagazi (hematocrit)
    • Chiwerengero chachikulu cha maselo ofiira a magazi
    • Kuperewera kwa Chuma Chosagwiritsa Ntchito-Anemic
    • Zigawo za hemoglobin

    Zomwe zimayambitsa Low Glycated Hemoglobin

    Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri hemoglobin. Zoterezi zimachitikanso chimodzimodzi.

    Kutsika magazi kwanu, kumachepetsa HbA yanu1c.

    Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, kuchepa kwa hemoglobin wa glycated, makamaka modabwitsa, kumatha kuwonetsa hypoglycemia.

    Hypoglycemia Ndiwo mkhalidwe momwe shuga yamagazi imagwera pansi pa 3.5 mmol / L. Matendawa ndi owopsa ku thanzi, komanso m'malo ovuta kwambiri, komanso moyo.

    Tsoka ilo, anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga sangazindikire hypoglycemia. Makamaka ngati zimachitika usiku. Ndipo apa ndikofunikira kuti mutchere khutu ku gawo lotsika kwambiri la hemoglobin. Izi zipangitsa kuti adokotala asinthe mlingo wa mapiritsi kapena insulin panthawi kuti apewe zoopsa za hypoglycemia.

    Komanso miyeso ya hemoglobin yotsika kwambiri imatha kuphatikizidwa matenda a magaziMomwe maselo ofiira amatha kuwola msanga, kapena ali ndi mawonekedwe, kapena ali ndi hemoglobin pang'ono. Matendawa, mwachitsanzo, ndi:

    • Anemia (kuchepera kwa chitsulo, kuchepa kwa B12, anaplastic)
    • Malungo
    • Mkhalidwe pambuyo ndulu kuchotsedwa
    • Mowa
    • Kulephera kwa impso

    Mlingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated mwa amayi apakati

    Mwa amayi apakati, glycated hemoglobin imayenera kukhala pansipa 5.6%.

    Ngati mayi woyembekezera wapezeka Hba1cPamwamba 6.5% ndiye amapezeka ndi matenda oopsa a shuga.

    Komabe, kukhala ndi pakati kumakhalapo pomwe sungathe kuyang'ana pa hemoglobin ya glycated, komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti panthawi yoyembekezera pamakhala mwayi wokula matenda ashuga kapena shuga woyembekezera.

    Kupatula vutoli, ndikofunikira kupenda zam'madzi zotsekemera za glucose, komanso 1 ndi 2 maola mutatha 75 mg ya shuga. Izi zimatchedwa zamayeso a kulolera m'magazi a glucose (OGTT).

    OGTT ndi yovomerezeka pamasabata 24-26 a bere.

    Zizindikiro kusala venous plasma glucose mwa mayi woyembekezera komanso zikhalidwe zina:

    Norm≤5.1 mmol / L
    Matenda a shuga5.1-7.0 mmol / L
    Matenda a shuga> 7.0 mmol / L

    Mlingo wa glycated hemoglobin mu shuga

    Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yomwe amalephera kuyikidwa ndi adotolo kutengera ndi zaka, zovuta za matenda ashuga, matenda ofanana ndi zina zambiri. Manambalawa amatha kusiyanasiyana ndi 6.5% komanso mpaka 8.0-8.5%.

    Komabe, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kutha kuyendetsa bwino shuga, magazi ochepa a shuga amakhala ochepa komanso moyo wamtsogolo wamunthu amene akudwala matenda ashuga.

    Zabwinochandamale mfundo za HbA1c chifukwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi:

    Kwa achinyamata ovutika mtundu 1 shuga≤6,5%
    Kwa okalamba omwe akuvutika mtundu 2 shuga≤6,5-7,0%
    Kwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga≤6,0%

    Momwe mungayesedwe glycated hemoglobin?

    Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa hemoglobin ya glycated kumatha kutengedwa nthawi iliyonse masana. Sichifuna maphunziro apadera, kuphatikiza, safunikira kunyamulidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.

    Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, HbA1c ndi chikhazikitso chokhazikika chomwe sichikhudzidwa ndi nthawi ya tsiku, zochita zolimbitsa thupi, kapena tsiku lanyengo chakudya, kapena mkhalidwe wamalingaliro.

    Ichi ndichifukwa chake uku ndi kusanthula kosavuta kwambiri pakuwunika kapena kuzindikira matenda ashuga.

    Kuwunika kwa shuga

    Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuunikanso kangapo pachaka (kapena kamodzi pa miyezi itatu). Munthawi imeneyi, kuchuluka kwa shuga pamwazi kumawerengeredwa, komanso mphamvu zake. Kusanthula shuga kwa glycated momwe mungaperekere moyenera? Zabwino kwambiri m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ngati wodwala ali ndi mbiri yothana ndi magazi kapena pali kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa magazi munthawi yotsiriza, ndiye kuti zotsatirapo zake zingakhale zosadalirika. Zikatero, thupi limafunikira nthawi kuti liziwombolera - miyezi itatu.

    Dokotala aliyense amalangiza odwala ake kuti ayese mayeso a glycated hemoglobin mu labotale yomweyo. Bungwe lililonse lotereli lili ndi mitundu yake pochita. Mwachidziwitso, ndizofunika, koma pakuzindikira kumapeto kwake kumatha kutenga nawo gawo.

    Kuwonjezera shuga sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa thanzi, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kukhazikitsa chithunzi cha matenda ashuga. Pachifukwa ichi, kusanthula shuga kwa glycated, nthawi zina, kuyenera kuperekedwa kwa aliyense amene amayang'anira thanzi lawo.

    Kafukufuku amayenera

    Mu shuga mellitus, kafukufukuyu ali ndi maubwino angapo poyerekeza ndi kusanthula kwamachitidwe amitundu mitundu:

    • M'malo mwake, kusanthula kungachitike nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku, ngakhale mutatha kudya. Ngakhale pamimba yopanda kanthu, zizindikirozo zidzakhala zolondola.
    • Ndi njira iyi yomwe imapereka mwayi wopeza chithunzi chonse ndikuzindikira magawo oyambira a shuga. Chifukwa chake, chitani zinthu zofunika.
    • Palibe kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumafunikira pakuwunika shuga wa glycated; kusungidwa kwa magazi kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse, panthawi yochepa kwambiri.
    • Njirayi imapereka lingaliro la 100% ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda ashuga, ngakhale atangoyamba kumene.
    • Mkhalidwe wakuthupi kapena wamalingaliro wodwalayo mwanjira iliyonse sasintha kulondola kwa kuwunika kwake.
    • Njira ya sampuli ya magazi isanachitike, palibe chifukwa chokana kumwa mankhwala ofunikira, omwe amamwa mosalekeza.

    Zonsezi pamwambapa zikuwonetsa kuti kusanthula uku sikutanthauza kukonzekera mwapadera, kumapereka chithunzi cholondola cha matendawa. Izi siziphatikiza zinthu zonse zomwe zikuwakhudza kuwerenga.

    Zoyipa

    Ngati timalankhula za zoperewera za kusanthula shuga kwa glycated, ndiye, mwatsoka, amapezekanso. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri:

    • Poyerekeza ndi mayeso wamba a magazi, kafukufukuyu ndi wokwera mtengo kangapo.
    • Zotsatira zake zimatha kuwonetsa molondola odwala omwe ali ndi hemoglobinopathy ndi kuchepa magazi.
    • Si zigawo zonse muma labotale zomwe zimapangitsa izi, chifukwa sizipezeka kwa onse okhala mdziko muno.
    • Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zitha kuchepetsedwa mutatenga mavitamini E kapena C ambiri.
    • Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro, ndiye kuti ngakhale kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino, zotsatira za hemoglobin ya glycated zitha kukhala zochulukirapo.

    Zinthu Zotsatira Zotsatira

    Kuwona zowunikirazi sikungatenge nthawi yayitali. Ndipo, popeza ukadaulo wa kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga umasiyana, ndi bwino kumangowunikira kangapo.

    Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa glycated kutsimikizika mu odwala matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mwa anthu awiri omwe ali ndi shuga wofanana, shuga ya glycated imatha kusiyana ndi gawo limodzi.

    Nthawi zina, kuwunikirako kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zabodza (zolakwika mpaka 1%) ngati hemoglobin ya fetal imatsitsidwa kapena kuwonjezeka.

    Kafukufuku wambiri wasayansi adziwa zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira za kusanthula shuga kwa glycated:

    • Kulemera kwa thupi kwa wodwala.
    • Gulu la zaka.
    • Mangani.

    Pali zifukwa zina zomwe zimakhudza kudalirika kwa zotsatirazi. Ngakhale kuwunikira ndikotheka muzochitika zilizonse, kuti mupeze chithunzi chodalirika, ndibwino kuti muzichita pamimba yopanda kanthu, osafunikira zolimbitsa thupi.

    Mlingo wa shuga wa glycated

    Gome la shuga la glycated likuthandizira kuwunika zotsatira za kusanthula ndikuwona zina.

    Yachilengedwe chakudya kagayidwe m'thupi. Kufuna kuchititsa matenda ashuga.

    Chizindikirocho ndichopitilira. Zakudya zabwino zimalimbikitsidwa.

    Mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndiwambiri. Kudya zakudya zolimbitsa thupi moyenera ndikulimbikitsidwa.

    Kukhalapo kwa matendawa. Kuti mutsimikizire kuti amadziwika ndi matendawa, maphunziro owonjezera angapo amalembedwa.

    Kufunika kosanthula

    Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kumayezetsa magazi pafupipafupi. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika kuti zizikhala ngati zikuwunika.

    Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, kuunikaku ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchite kangapo, ngati pali matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri - kawiri.

    Odwala ena akudziwa kudumpha kumeneku, amaopa kuwulula mayendedwe awo. Wina ndi waulesi chabe kuti athe kuwunikira komanso osayang'anira thanzi lawo. Izi mwamtheradi sizingatheke. Kuzindikiridwa kwakanthawi pazifukwa za chidziwitso cha overestimated kumapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo athe kusintha ndikupatsa wodwalayo moyo wabwino.

    Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, azimayi amafunika kuphunzira izi. Zizindikiro zopanda pake zimatsogolera kuchedwa kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Kuchotsa mimba kumatha kuchitika. Pankhaniyi, izi zimafuna kuwongoleredwa mosamalitsa.

    Kwa ana zodziwikiratu nthawi yayitali ndizowopsa. Ngati chizindikirocho chikuwonjezeka ndi 10 peresenti, palibe chifukwa chomwe mungachepetse kwambiri mulingo. Kudumphadumpha pansi kumatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwamawonedwe, kumachepetsa maonedwe kenako ndikuwonongeka kwathunthu. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa chizindikiro pang'onopang'ono, peresenti 1 pachaka.

    Kuti mukhale ndi hemoglobin yokhazikika, muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga, kufunsa dokotala panthawi, ndikuyesa mayeso.

    Zotsatira zake

    Magulu a shuga a glycated ayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Ngati chizindikiro kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndiye izi zimabweretsa zovuta zotsatirazi:

    • Pathology yamitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima.
    • Hemoglobin imagwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka kuperekera kwa okosijeni, chifukwa, hypoxia ya ziwalo ndi minofu imachitika.
    • Masomphenya sawoneka bwino.
    • Kupanda chitsulo.
    • Matenda a shuga
    • Hyperglycemia.
    • Polyneuropathy.
    • Kulephera kwina.
    • Mwa amayi apakati, chiopsezo chobereka chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri kapena mwana wosabadwa.
    • Mwa ana, chiwonetsero cha matenda osakhudzana ndi insulin omwe amadalira shuga ndizotheka.

    Zotsatira za mtengo wotsika

    Ngati glycated shuga m'magazi ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti zoopsa zotsatirazi ndizoyipa zake:

    • Gawo lamankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga.
    • Kutuluka magazi pafupipafupi.
    • Kusakwanira kwa adrenal.
    • Nthawi zonse amafunikira magazi.
    • Wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa kwa nthawi yayitali.
    • Hemolytic anemia.
    • Mwina chitukuko cha matenda osowa, monga matenda a Herce, matenda a von Girke, kutsutsana ndi fructose.
    • Amayi oyembekezera amatha kukhala ndi mwana wakufa kapena kubadwa pasadakhale.

    Ngati zotsatira za mayeso a shuga a glycated zikuwonetsa zikuwonetsa kapena sizinayende bwino, muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Ndi dokotala yekha yemwe angadziwe bwino komanso kupereka mankhwala oyenera. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa mankhwalawa umaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

    • Zakudya zoyenera zokwanira.
    • Ndinakulitsa zolimbitsa thupi zofunika.
    • Mankhwala oyenera.

    Zokhudza zakudya, pali malingaliro ofunikira:

    • Kukula kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'zakudya. Izi zithandiza kuti shuga azikhala bwino.
    • CHIKWANGWANI (nthochi, nyemba) ndizothandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
    • Skim mkaka ndi yogurt, calcium ndi Vitamini D amalimbitsa chigaza. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.
    • Mtedza, nyama ya nsomba. Omega-3 amawongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose, amachepetsa kukana kwa insulin.

    Ndi koletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito:

    • Zakudya zokazinga.
    • Chakudya chofulumira
    • Chocolate
    • Zakumwa za kaboni.

    Zonsezi zimabweretsa kulumpha lakuthwa mu glucose mu kusanthula.

    Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa aerobic kumachepetsa msanga shuga, chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu onse, osati odwala okha. Mkhalidwe wamalingaliro ulinso wofunikira kwambiri ndipo umagwira gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera zizindikiro za kusanthula.

    Mulimonsemo, musachite mantha mutapeza zotsatira za shuga wa glycated. Zinthu zambiri zimayambitsa zizindikiro. Zomwe zikuwonjezera kapena kuchepa kwa msambowu zitha kufotokozedwa kokha ndi dokotala.

    Bwanji mukuyesedwa magazi a HbA1c

    Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) imapangidwa chifukwa cha zochita zapadera. Shuga ndi amino acid amaphatikizana motsogozedwa ndi michere. Zotsatira zake, mapangidwe a hemoglobin-glucose amapangidwa. Itha kuwonekera ndi njira zodziwira matenda. Kuthamanga kwa izi ndikusiyana. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa zida zofunikira mthupi.

    Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kwazonse. Zotsatira zake, shuga ya glycated imapangidwa mwachangu kuposa munthu wathanzi. Poyeza kuthamanga uku, mutha kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa matendawa komanso gawo la kukula kwake.

    Komanso, kuyezetsa magazi kwa HbA1c kumakupatsani mwayi wowunika momwe wodwalayo amawongolera matendawa.

    Kodi kusanthula kuli bwanji?

    Ubwino wawowowunikira shuga wowerengeka ndikusowa kukonzekera. Kuwunikira kwa HbA1c kumatha kutengedwa nthawi iliyonse masana. Njirayi imapereka zotsatira zodalirika ngakhale kukhalapo ndi chimfine, kudya ndi maantibayotiki, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, mkhalidwe wamavuto a wodwala ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa.

    Pakupereka kuwunika kwa hemoglobin wa glycated, adotolo ayenera kufotokozera za kutenga mavitamini, kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso kuperewera kwa kapamba. Zonsezi zimatha kukhudza kuwunika kwa phunzirolo.

    Wodwala yemwe amabwera ku labotale amatenga zitsanzo zamagazi kuchokera m'mitsempha (nthawi zina kuchokera pachala). Kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera kwambiri, njirayi imabwerezedwa ka 8. Zizindikiro zimayang'aniridwa osachepera 1 pa sabata. Zotsatira zakonzeka mu masiku 3-4.

    Kusanthula kwa hemoglobin ya glycated kumachitika modabwitsa kwa miyezi ingapo. Awo ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa maselo ofiira amwazi.

    Nthawi zochuluka motani

    Ndi hemoglobin wocheperako (osapitirira 5.7%), titha kunena kuti palibe zovuta za pathological. Potere, muyenera kuwunika nthawi 1 kwa zaka zitatu. Ngati chisonyezo chiri m'gulu la 5.7-6.6%, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga ukuwonjezeka. Wodwala amafunikira kusanthula kotero chaka chilichonse. Zakudya zamafuta ochepa zimathandiza kuchepetsa ngozi.

    Chizindikiro cha mpaka 7% chimawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matendawa. Komabe, muzochitika zotere, wodwalayo amamuwongolera bwino. Kusanthula mobwerezabwereza kumalimbikitsidwa kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

    Ngati matenda a shuga apezeka posachedwa ndipo chithandizo changoyamba kumene, kuyezetsa kuchipatala kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi miyezi itatu.

    Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, phunziroli limachitika pokhapokha trimester yoyamba. Mtsogolo, zosintha zambiri zidzachitika mthupi la mayi woyembekezera. Kuwunikira kwa HbA1c sikungapereke chidziwitso cholondola.

    Zisonyezo za shuga wa glycated zimasiyana malinga ndi zaka za wodwala, mtundu wa matenda ndi zina. Mu ana, amafanana ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu wamkulu mpaka zaka 45. Kupatuka pang'ono kwamakhalidwe kumbali yaying'ono ndikololedwa.

    Mwambiri, mulingo wa HbA1c umatsimikizika ngati peresenti.

    Mulingo wa matenda a shuga a glycated hemoglobin
    Ntchito wambaMalola OloledwaKuchuluka kwazonse
    66,1–7,57,5
    Ndi matenda a shuga a 2
    6,56,5–7,57,5
    Kwa anthu athanzi ochepera zaka 45
    6,56,5–77
    Kwa anthu athanzi kuyambira wazaka 45 mpaka 65
    77–7,57,5
    Kwa anthu athanzi opitilira 65
    7,57,5–88
    Kwa oyembekezera
    6,56,5–77

    Zifukwa zakuchuluka ndi kuchepa

    Hypoglycemia (shuga m'magazi ochepera) mwina ndi chifukwa chakuchepa kwa hemoglobin wa glycated. Komanso, insulinoma ndiyomwe imapangitsa. Ichi ndi kapangidwe kake kapamba kamene kamapanga insulini yambiri. Pankhaniyi, shuga amatsika, omwe amachititsa hypoglycemia.

    Zofanana ndizomwe zimayambitsa shuga wochepetsedwa:

    • matenda obadwa nawo
    • Zakudya zopanda pake zomwe zimadya kwambiri,
    • mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachepetsa shuga,
    • kuperewera kwa adrenal,
    • kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

    Milingo yowonjezereka ndi chizindikiro cha hyperglycemia. Vutoli silikusonyeza nthawi zonse matenda a kapamba. Ma mfundo ochokera ku 6.1 mpaka 7% nthawi zambiri amawonetsa prediabetes, kulekerera kwa mafuta ochulukitsa, kapena kuwonjezeka kwa glucose.

    Zotsatira za hemoglobin wakupha pa kusanthula kwa HbA1c

    Fatal hemoglobin ndi mtundu wa hemoglobin womwe umatha kupezeka m'thupi la ana m'milungu yoyamba ya moyo. Mosiyana ndi hemoglobin wamkulu, ali ndi kuthekera kwabwino kotumiza mpweya kudzera mu minofu.

    Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi, njira zophatikiza ndi okosijeni m'matumbo zimathandizira kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, kuwonongeka kwa chakudya cham'magazi kwa glucose kumachitika mwachangu. Izi zimadzetsa kuwonjezeka kwa ndende yamagazi, kumakhudza ntchito ya kapamba ndi kupanga insulin. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za kusanthula kwa kusintha kwa glycated hemoglobin.

    Ubwino wa njirayi

    Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa HbA1c kuli ndi maubwino angapo:

    • palibe chifukwa choperekera magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu,
    • preanalytical solid: magazi amatha kusungidwa mu vitro musanayesedwe
    • glycated shuga indices alibe matenda opatsirana, kupsinjika ndi zina zoyipa,
    • kupezeka kwakanthawi kwa mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2,
    • mwayi wodziwa momwe wodwalayo adayang'anira magazi a glucose m'miyezi itatu yapitayo,
    • kuthamanga kwa kupeza zotsatira: Kusanthula kwa HbA1c kumakhala kosavuta komanso mofulumira kuposa kuyesa kwa glucose ya maola awiri.

    Kodi glycogemoglobin ndi chiyani?

    Mapuloteni a hemoglobin ndiye gawo lalikulu la khungu lofiira. Imayendetsa kayendedwe ka mpweya wabwino m'ziwalo ndi minyewa, komanso imachotsa mpweya woipa m'thupi.

    Pankhani ya kulowetsedwa kwa shuga kudzera pakamwa ya erythrocyte, kuyanjana kwa shuga ndi amino acid kumayamba, chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika. Mapeto ake, mapuloteni a hemoglobin a glycated amawoneka.

    Mapuloteni a HbA1c, omwe amawonetsa kuti ali ndi kagayidwe kazinthu zambiri ndipo amapitilira muyeso wamba, wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.

    Kuyesedwa kwa glycogemoglobin kudutsa kulondola. Kuwona zotsatira ndi mulingo wa shuga m'miyezi itatu yapitayi.

    Zotsatirazi zimathandizira kuzindikira momwe matenda ashupi amayambira., ngakhale isanayambike zizindikiro zilizonse.

    Mitundu ya matenda ashuga

    Mankhwala, pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya shuga, komanso matenda omwe amadziwika kuti prediabetes. Munthawi imeneyi, milingo ya hemoglobin yodziwika bwino imachulukanso kuposa momwe zimakhalira, koma osapeza bwino matendawa. Izi ndizizindikiro makamaka kuchokera pa 6.5 mpaka 6.9 peresenti.

    Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, wodwalayo angadwale matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Komabe, pakadali pano, chizindikirocho chimatha kubwezeretsedwanso mwa kusewera masewera ndikukhazikitsa zakudya zoyenera.

    Mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Zomwe zimayambira zimakhumudwitsidwa ndi matenda osakhazikika, chifukwa chomwe kapamba amapanga insulin yaying'ono, kapena amaleka kudzipanga konse. Nthawi zambiri, amalembedwa mu achinyamata.

    Ndi kukula kwa matenda ashuga oterowo, amakhalabe ndi omwe amakhala nawo moyo wonse, ndipo amafunikira insulin mosalekeza. Komanso okhudzidwa amafunika kukhala ndi moyo wosuntha komanso kudya wathanzi.

    Type 2 shuga. Imawoneka makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri m'zaka. Itha kupangidwanso mwa ana, motsutsana ndi maziko a ntchito zosakwanira. Nthawi zambiri mtundu uwu wa shuga umalembedwa (mpaka 90 peresenti ya milandu). Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ndikuti kumapeto, kapamba samatulutsa insulin, kapena amagwiritsa ntchito molakwika.

    Nthawi zambiri, imakhala moyo wongokhala, wonenepa kwambiri komanso wopanda masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kufala kwa matenda ndi cholowa.

    Matenda a shuga. Ndi mtundu 3 wa shuga, ndipo umakhazikika mwa azimayi kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka isanu ndi umodzi. Kulembetsa kwa matenda a shuga m'mayi oyembekezera ndi 4 peresenti yokha, kwa amayi onse apakati. Zimasiyana ndi shuga wina chifukwa zimasowa mwana atabadwa.

    Malire okwera a glycated hemoglobin amawonetsa kuti pali kuwonjezeka pafupipafupi kwa shuga. Zomwe zikunena za kusathandiza kwa matenda ashuga. Ichi chikuwonetseranso kulephera mu kagayidwe kazakudya.

    Gome ili pansipa lithandizira kuwunika, malinga ndi zotsatira za kusanthula, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

    Malire a hemoglobin a glycated amakhala 4 mpaka 6%. Kagayidwe kabwino ka chakudya chamthupi ndi chiwopsezo chochepa cha kupititsa patsogolo kwa matenda a shuga chimawonedwa pamilingo ya hemoglobin mkati mwa malire wamba. Ngati chizindikirocho chimaposa 6.5%, chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga chikuwonjezeka.

    Glycogemoglobin ikadutsa zoposa 7 peresenti, izi zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, zomwe zimawonetsa shuga.

    Kodi ndizizindikiro ziti zomwe zimakhala zabwinobwino panthawi yapakati?

    Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikwabwinobwino kwa azimayi oyembekezera. Mukakhala ndi mwana, thupi limasinthika kwambiri, ndipo shuga ndiwonso.

    Panthawi yobereka, mwana amakhala wamkulu kuposa masiku onse,koma sikuti ndimikhalidwe yangozi:

    Chingwe ChazikuluAchinyamataAnthu azaka zapakatiOkalamba omwe ali ndi moyo wokhala zaka zosakwana 5
    ZaulereMpaka 6.5%Kufikira 7%Mpaka 7.5%
    Zovuta zotheka ndizotheka.Kufikira 7%Mpaka 7.5%Mpaka 8%

    Chizindikirocho chikufika peresenti isanu ndi itatu, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin kotereku kumawonetsa kulephera kwa mankhwalawo komanso kusintha kwa mankhwalawo. Ngati chizindikirocho chikufika 12%, wodwala amafunika kuchipatala mwachangu.

    Matenda a hemoglobin amakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana odwala ndi matenda a shuga

    Zizindikiro za hemoglobin yapamwamba kwambiri

    Ngati wodwala akudandaula za chimodzi mwazizindikirozi, adotolo atha kukayikira wodwala yemwe akuganiziridwa kuti akuwonjezeka glycated hemoglobin ndi matenda a shuga:

    • Ludzu losatha
    • Kufooka mwamphamvu, ulesi,
    • Chitetezo chochepa
    • Kutulutsa kwambiri mkodzo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kosalekeza,
    • Kukula msanga kwa thupi,
    • Zowonongeka.

    Chizindikiro chilichonse pamwambapa chimapangitsa dokotala kuti aganize za kuyezetsa magazi, kukayikira matenda ashuga.

    Ndikofunika kuti tisasokoneze momwe glycated hemoglobin imadutsa. Izi zimayambitsa matenda ena.

    Zina mwa izo ndi:

    • Odwala omwe achotsa ndulu,
    • Ndikusowa kwazitsulo mthupi,
    • High fetal hemoglobin mwa akhanda.

    Mikhalidwe yamthupi iyi imakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa hemoglobin wa glycated, koma pakapita nthawi iwonso amakhalanso bwino.

    Momwe mungayang'anire gawo la glycogemoglobin?

    Anthu omwe akudwala matenda ashuga amayenera kuwunika momwe magazi awo alili.

    Ndikotheka kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito mita.

    Wonse omwe akupita kuchipatala komanso mlangizi wa mankhwala atha kusankha njira yabwino. Ma Glucometer ndi osavuta komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

    Pali malamulo ena odziletsa pa shuga:

    • Malo a mpanda uyenera kusamalidwa bwino ndi antiseptic, pofuna kupewa ma virus,
    • Pali zolemba zamagazi kapena ma CD, zonse zimatengera mtundu wosankhidwa,
    • Dontho la magazi omwe alandidwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzungulira mzere,
    • Zotsatira zimawonekera pazenera pambuyo pa masekondi 5-10.

    Ndikofunika kwambiri kusunga chipangizochi molingana ndi malangizo, kupewa kuwonongeka pamilandu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika. Dokotala wopezekapo amawona kuchuluka kwa shuga, kutengera mtundu wa shuga.

    Mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, miyezo imapangidwa mpaka kanayi pa tsiku, ndipo wachiwiri - kawiri.

    Chiwerengero cha hemoglobin wa glycated ku glucose.

    Momwe mungakonzekerere kusanthula?

    Nthawi ya tsiku lomwe kudutsa kusanthula sikumasewera, monga zomwe mudadya ndi kumwa tsiku lakale ndi kusanthula komwe. Chokhacho ndikuti musafunike kudzinyamula nokha musanapereke kusanthula.

    Pali mndandanda wazolimbikitsa pakuwunikira nthawi:

    • Kwa anthu athanzi, kuyesako kumayenera kuchitika kamodzi zaka zitatu zilizonse,
    • Magazi amaperekedwa chaka chilichonse ndi zotsatira zam'mbuyo za 5.8 mpaka 6.5,
    • Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse - chotsatira 7 peresenti,
    • Ngati glycated hemoglobin siyingayendetsedwe bwino, ndiye kuti matendawa amatuluka kamodzi.

    Popereka zinthu zakuthupi ku hemoglobin ya glycated, kuyamwa kwa magazi kumachitika osati kuchokera chala, komanso kuchokera mu mtsempha. Malo omwe magazi amatengedwa adzatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi chosanthula chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito.

    Momwe mungabwezeretsere malire a glycogemoglobin?

    Malire apamwamba a hemoglobin a glycated amatsogolera ku matenda ashuga, chifukwa chake muyenera kutsatira zakudya zinazake, komanso njira yoyenera, komanso kwa odwala matenda a shuga, ndizofunikira kwambiri. Malangizo a moyo ndi awa.

    • Kudya wathanzi. Muyenera kudya zipatso ndi masamba atsopano, mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa, nsomba. Musachotse zokhwasula-khwasula ndi nsomba zamafuta.
    • Bwezeretsani Tulo Lanu. Kusungitsa dongosolo lamanjenje ndi thanzi labwinobwino lamalingaliro, ndikofunikira kupatsa thupi nthawi yokwanira kuti ichiritsidwe, mwa mawonekedwe ogona kwathunthu,
    • Kuchita masewera. Mpaka mphindi makumi atatu patsiku ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti aphunzitsidwe. Makamaka masewera monga kusambira, aerobics, kuyenda. Izi ndizothandiza, chifukwa ntchito ya mtima imayenda bwino, kunenepa kumachepetsa, komwe kumapangitsa kutsika kwa glycogemoglobin,
    • Kukana kupsinjika. Kupsinjika kwa m'maganizo, kusokonezeka kwamanjenje ndi nkhawa - zonsezi zimakhudza kuwonjezeka. Zimasokoneza ntchito ya mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito awonjezeke. Zinthu zoyipa ndi malingaliro amphamvu kwambiri ayenera kupewedwa.

    Malangizowa ali pamwambapa pofuna kupewa zovuta zina ndikukhalanso ndi hemoglobin ya glycated panthawi yokhazikika kwa odwala matenda a shuga.

    Zonenedweratu

    Ngati thupi lakhudzidwa ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwunika mosamala malire a hemoglobin wa glycated, pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer ndi upangiri wachipatala. Mlingo woyenera wa insulini ukufunika kuti mukhale wathanzi.

    Ndi zakudya zoyenera, kudya insulin nthawi zonse komanso moyo wokangalika, matendawa ndi abwino, omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala zaka zambiri.

    Mukayamba matendawa kwambiri, osagwiritsa ntchito malangizowo, ndiye kunyalanyaza kumatha kudzetsa matenda a mtima, sitiroko, mtima ndi matenda amtima, kulephera kwa impso, kuchepa kwa chidwi cha miyendo.

    Kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono mabala kumawonedwanso, komwe muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, mabala akulu amachiritsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kukayika kwamphamvu kwa magazi omwe adatsitsidwa ndi izi kungayambitse imfa.

    Mtengo wa hemoglobin pa nthawi yapakati

    Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuchuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimachitika mwa amayi omwe sanakhalepo ndi mavuto azaumoyo. Mayi woyembekezera sazindikira zizindikiro zilizonse zoopsa. Pakalipano, mwana wosabadwayo akupeza kulemera kwa 4.5 kg, komwe mtsogolomo kumapangitsa kubereka kwa mwana. Chosangalatsa china ndikuti shuga amatuluka mukatha kudya ndipo amakhalapo kwa ola limodzi mpaka anayi. Munthawi imeneyi, zimakhala ndi zowononga m'maso, impso ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

    Gawo lotsatira - shuga wamagazi amawonjezeka pamwezi wa 6 wa mimba. Komabe, hemoglobin ya glycated imapezeka pambuyo pake. Choyimira chimakula pokhapokha miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, ndiye kuti, pa 8-9 mwezi wa nthawi. Sinthani chilichonse chamadzulo atabadwa mwana sichingachitike. Chifukwa chake, njira zina zotsimikizira zikulimbikitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, tengani mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga a maola awiri (2 kawiri pa sabata). Mutha kugulanso glucometer ndikuyesa shuga kunyumba. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika pakadutsa mphindi 30, 60 ndi 120 mutatha kudya.

    Ngati chizindikirocho chili chochepa, ndiye kuti palibe ngozi. Ndi chizindikiro cha mayi, muyenera kuganizira momwe mumakhalira. Ngati kusanthula kwawonetsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse shuga. Sinthani zakudya zanu, idyani zamasamba ndi zipatso zatsopano.

    Ngati mwana ali ndi shuga wambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti dontho lake lakuthwa limakhala lodzala ndi zowonongeka. Ndi chizindikiro cha 10%, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse popanda 1% pachaka.

    Kuwongolera hemoglobin ya glycated ndi gawo lofunikira kwa moyo wonse wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kusintha kwakanthawi kwa zizindikiritsozo pazomwe zimathandizira kusintha kwamankhwala ndikupewa zovuta zazikulu.

    Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu

    https://pobedidijabetes.org

    Kusankha Mkonzi

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