Matenda a shuga

Izi ndizovuta kudziwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga, Zizindikiro ndi zomwe sizingamveke kwa nthawi yayitali. Katswiri wazachipatala yekha ndi amene angadziwe matendawa atalandira zotsatira za mayeso ofanana. Ndi njira ya asymptomatic yomwe ili chifukwa chachikulu chothandizira anthu mochedwa kuti athandizidwe kuchipatala.

Zifukwa za matenda ashuga apambuyo

Nthawi zina, mtundu wodwala wa matenda ashuga umatha kukhalabe wathanzi kwa moyo wawo wonse, koma monga momwe amasonyezera, kutha kwa matendawa ndi matenda ashuga okhazikika. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matendawa chimawonedwa ngati zakale zosintha mthupi. Okalamba mu 85% amadwala mtundu wamtundu wa shuga.

Zifukwa zina zamikhalidweyi ndi izi:

Makamaka. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda ashuga ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Zinthu monga kuchepa kwa chitetezo chathupi komanso kupsinjika pafupipafupi zimatha kudzetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga m'thupi lamunthu.
Metabolism pa maziko a kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Monga lamulo, shuga mellitus motsutsana ndi maziko a zovuta za metabolic imayendera limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kulemera kwa thupi,
Mimba, monga njira yovuta yokomera thupi, imapangitsanso kukula kwa mtundu wamtundu wa matenda ashuga. Pokonzekera kubereka mwana mthupi la mkazi, kusintha kwa maholoni kumachitika, zotulukapo zake zitha kukhala kuperewera kwa kapamba.
Anthu omwe akudwala matenda oopsa amathanso kutenga matendawa. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndizambiri zomwe zimachepetsa potaziyamu m'thupi pamene mukutenga okodzetsa.

Zizindikiro za matenda am'mbuyomu

Ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi zovuta zambiri, mtundu wovuta wa shuga ungawonekere ndi zingapo zotsatirazi:

Maonekedwe a pakhungu pakhungu.
Kutayika kwakanthawi kovutikira kwam'mphepete ndi m'munsi,
Kuchepa kwa kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi mu akazi,
Kuchulukitsa kwamkamwa,

Kutalika kwa kusintha kumeneku kumatha kukhala zaka 6, pambuyo pake matenda amasinthidwe amasintha kukhala shuga.

Kudziwona kwakanthawi kwa mtundu wamtunduwu wa shuga ndikofunikira kwambiri pakwaniritsa bwino.

Kuphatikiza pazizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, matendawa amatha kudziwonetsa ndi zizindikiro zingapo, zomwe zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:

Mapangidwe kukula chikopa ndi khungu pambuyo pake. Vutoli limatha kutsagana ndi kuyabwa kwambiri,
Kumva ludzu ndi pakamwa pouma. Kuti muchotse izi, munthu amatha kumwa mpaka malita a66 amadzi tsiku lililonse:
Kuchulukitsa kwakuthwa kapena kuchepa kwa thupi. Kuchepetsa thupi kumatha kuyenda limodzi ndi chilimbikitso chowonjezereka, chomwe munthu amatha kuwona ngati chizindikiro chabwino,
Matenda a malaise komanso kufooka kungakhale zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

Kuzindikira matenda am'mbuyomu

Laborator kuyesa kwa matenda ashuga ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri yodziwira mtundu wamatendawo wa matenda, makamaka ngati munthu alibe chilichonse. Kutengera ndi kufufuza kwachipatalacho, dokotalayo sangathe kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matendawo, komanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kunyalanyaza kwake.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kwa shuga sikothandiza pamatendawa.

Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndiyo kuyesa kwa glucose. Asanayambe njirayi, munthu amayeza shuga m'magazi, pambuyo pake amamwa 100 ml ya shuga. Pambuyo pa maola atatu, muyeso wobwereza wa magazi umachitika. Pamaso pa mtundu wina wamakono wa matenda ashuga, kusintha komwe kumachitika mthupi kumaonedwa.

Urinalysis ndi njira yabwino yophunzitsira matenda awa. Pasapezeke shuga mumkodzo wa munthu wathanzi. Maonekedwe a shuga mkodzo angawonetse koyamba matenda a shuga mthupi.

Ngati kuyesa kwa matenda ashuga ndipo urinalysis ndi wabwino, titha kunena ndi chidaliro chonse kuti shuga yamtundu waposachedwa ikukula m'thupi.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi njira yabwino yopewa matenda aliwonse, kuphatikizapo matenda ashuga. Njira yayikulu yopeweretsera matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi ndikugwiritsa ntchito shuga m'thupi. Izi zimakhala choncho makamaka ngati pali shuga wambiri m'thupi.

Zokwanira mphindi 30 zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse kuti mupumitse mphamvu. Mitundu yoyenera kwambiri yolimbitsa thupi imaphatikizapo:

Kuyenda usiku mlengalenga,
Kukwera masitepe
Zochita ndi ana omwe ali ndi mitundu yamasewera,
Kusambira mu dziwe,
Kuthamanga
Masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Malangizo ena

Njira yofunikira yopeweretsera mtundu wakale wa matenda ashuga ndikukana kwathunthu kumwa mowa ndi fodya. Mowa wa Ethyl ndi chikonga zimayambitsa kusakhazikika kwa mahomoni m'thupi, chomwe ndi chifukwa chodwala matenda ambiri.

Zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri zimapangitsa zipatso kukhala njira zabwino zopewera matendawa. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala ndi masamba a masamba ndi zitsamba, zipatso zatsopano ndi zipatso zamasamba. Chofunika kwambiri ndi zipatso ndi zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi vitamini C (zipatso za zipatso, ma currants, maapulo).

Mankhwala azitsamba ndi njira yabwino yolepheretsa kukula kwa matendawa. Maphikidwe azitsamba othandiza kwambiri ndi monga:

Kusintha kwa masamba nyemba kumathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kukonzekera msuzi kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito masamba okwanira 1 pamilimita 500 yamadzi,
Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala a peony kumathandizanso kuteteza kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi. Gwiritsani ntchito tincture muyenera kukhala 20 madontho katatu patsiku,
Decoction wa mtedza magawo. Kuti mukonzekere msuzi, muyenera kutenga makapu 0,5 a magawo ndikumatsanulira 500 ml ya madzi otentha. Zosakaniza zosakanikirana zimayesedwa kwa mphindi 15.

Zakudya zoyenera ndizomwe zimalepheretsa mtundu wamtundu wa shuga. Malingaliro otsatirawa azakudya azithandiza kupewa zovuta za kagayidwe kazakudya:

Yesetsani kudya mafuta ochepa osavuta kuti musadzitsekeredze kapamba,
Kuwerengeredwa kwa zopatsa mphamvu za calorie, kupewa kupewa kunenepa kwambiri,
Muzipewa kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri.

Kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha mtundu wina wa shuga, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga nsomba zamafuta ochepa, nkhuku, zipatso zachilengedwe ndi timadziti ta masamba. Zakudya zimasankhidwa makamaka mu mawonekedwe a stewed ndi owiritsa, chifukwa chakudya chokazinga chimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa kapamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira, zinthu zophika buledi kuchokera ku ufa wa tirigu wanthawi yayitali, komanso nyama zomwe zimasunthidwa komanso zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi sizikulimbikitsidwa.

Zakudya ndi ntchito zolimbitsa thupi zimaphatikizidwa bwino kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse kwambiri kupewa.

Chinsinsi cha matendawa

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amadziwika ndi matenda a shuga. Shuga simalowa m'maselo ndipo amadziunjikira m'magazi chifukwa chosakwanira kupanga insulin, yomwe imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komwe ndikofunikira kuti thupi lipatse mphamvu. Maselo amamva kusowa kwa chinthu ichi. Matendawa amakhala oopsa kwambiri mthupi ngati chithandizo chanyalanyazidwa.

Pali mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga - latent, kapena prediabetes. Matendawa samadziwonetsa mwanjira iliyonse, amatuluka mwachinsinsi, palibe chithunzi cha chipatala chomwe chimawonetsedwa. Ndikosavuta kudziwa matendawa m'njira zatsopano. Munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kumva bwino. Njira yokhayo yodziwikitsa matendawa ndikukuwonetsetsa. Mutha kukayikira matenda ashuga mwanjira yokhala ndi shuga mkodzo kapena magazi a wodwalayo.

Ngakhale popanda chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda, matendawa amathanso kuvulaza thupi la wodwalayo, yemwe samakayikira vuto. Matenda amawononga makoma amitsempha yamagazi, amakhala osalimba, momwemonso ziwalo zamkati. Zotsatira zake zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima, matenda oopsa, matenda opha ziwopsezo amatha, mavuto ndi masomphenya kapena kusokonezeka kwamitsempha yam'mimba kumawonekera. Mutha kupewa zovuta ngati mumayesa pafupipafupi komanso kusamala ndi mawonekedwe omwe amatenga matendawa.

Zowopsa

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Odwala otere ayenera kusamala kwambiri zaumoyo wawo komanso osanyalanyaza mayeso oletsa kupewera. Pathology imatha kuyamba kupita patsogolo ndi kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika pafupipafupi, kutsika kwa chitetezo chokwanira chifukwa cha chibadwa chamadzi kapena vuto la mahomoni, kutsika kwa potaziyamu m'magazi, kupanikizika pafupipafupi, kumwa zakumwa zambiri za shuga ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa, matenda a kapamba, ndi zina zambiri.

Chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amakonda matendawa ndi zaka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 85% ya odwala okalamba amadwala matendawa kapena ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda am'mbuyomu a shuga. Nthawi zambiri, chibadwa chimadzipangitsa kumva. Ngati wachibale aliyense ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyeserera nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwone kuyambika kwa matendawa munthawi yake.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amatha kupangitsa kuti munthu azikhala wonenepa kwambiri. Kulephera kutsatira zakudya, zakudya zopanda thanzi ndi zosokoneza bongo zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta za metabolic komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Mmodzi mwa odwala anayi okhala ndi chidziwitso chowonjezeka cha thupi ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Chizindikiro ichi chimawerengeredwa palokha kuti mudziwe zomwe zili m'gulu langozi.

Mlozera wa misa ungathe kuwerengedwa ndi formula: kulemera kwa thupi m'makilogalamu omwe amagawidwa ndi kutalika (mita) squared. Ngati BMI mwa akulu ili pansipa 18.5, izi zikuwonetsa kulemera kwa thupi pansipa, 18.5 - 24,9 - kulemera kwabwinobwino, 25.0 - 29.9 - kukhalapo kwa owonjezera, kuposa 30 - kunenepa kwambiri.

Ikuwonetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda owopsa komanso chizungulira. Chifukwa chake, kwa mkazi, chizindikiro choyenera chimafikira masentimita 78. Ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 80 mpaka 87, pamakhala chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha ma pathologies, ndipo chizindikiro cha 88 cm chimawonetsa chiopsezo chachikulu. Kwa abambo, gawo lokwera kwambiri m'chiuno limafikira masentimita 93. Zizindikiro pamwambapa 94 masentimita ndi 102 masentimita zimalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka, motero, chiopsezo chovuta kwambiri.

Pangozi ndi amayi oyembekezera. Panthawi yoyembekezera kwa mwana, kusintha kwakukulu kwa mahomoni kumachitika m'thupi, kulemera kumawonjezeka. Pankhaniyi, azimayi onse omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi ndi nthawi amayesedwa magazi kuti athe kupewa kapena kuzindikira matenda owopsa munthawi yake. Ngati mukukayikira matenda ashuga, dokotala amupatseni zakudya zapadera za wodwalayo.

Matenda aliwonse omwe amakhudza kapamba kapena kukhumudwitsa mphamvu ya mahomoni amathanso kukhala othandizira kukulitsa matenda oopsa a shuga. Pali chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi polycystic ovary, komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a etiology kapena matenda. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda otere, matenda a kapamba nthawi zambiri amapezeka.

Ngozi yayikulu

Zizindikiro za mtundu wamtunduwu wa shuga ndizovuta kusiyanitsa. Uwu ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda. Matenda abwinobwino amatha kuchitika mwa munthu wamkulu komanso mwana. Kusintha kwakukulu mu thupi la munthu kudzachitika kale, pomwe iyeyo samadzimva bwino.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amakono amakhudza mitsempha ya m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi vuto la mtima. Mwachitsanzo, kuthekera kwa zotsatira zakupha ndi vuto la mtima kumakhala kangapo ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda ashuga. Komanso, mavuto okhala ndi mathero a mitsempha nthawi zambiri amawonekera ndipo kuwona kumatsitsidwa.

Malinga ndi WHO, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri amafa ndi matenda ashuga komanso zovuta za matendawa chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi. Popeza kulibe chithandizo choyenera cha thupi (chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kudya kwapadera ndikuwunika pafupipafupi ndi katswiri), matendawa mwachangu komanso asymptomatic amabweretsa zovuta zingapo zomwe zimawononga thupi la munthu.

Mwa zovuta, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, kuchepa kwamitsempha mulingo wa acetone wamagazi). Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amatsogolera pakupanga zotupa. Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo amwalira atalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda akulu, kapena olumala.

Zizindikiro zake

Kodi matenda ashuga amakono amawonekera bwanji? Nthawi zambiri, palibe chithunzi chachipatala cha matenda, ndiko kuti, wodwalayo akumva bwino, ndipo matendawa amapezeka mwangozi panthawi yoyeserera.

Odwala ena komabe amawona kusintha kosaneneka ndikumveka alarm. Koma sizichitika kawirikawiri. Ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga okalamba amakhala ndi moyo zaka zambiri, osadziwa za matenda akulu.

Zizindikiro zina zimathandizira kuzindikira matenda oopsa a shuga. Khungu limayamba kupindika, kuyabwa. Zizindikirozi zimawonekera chifukwa chakuti ndi shuga wowonjezereka m'magazi, tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono timayamba mofulumira kwambiri. Palibenso chitetezo chapadera pakhungu la odwala matenda ashuga omwe angalepheretse kukula kwa zizindikirozi.

Udzu wokhazikika, kamwa youma ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka mwanjira iliyonse ya matenda ashuga. Koma odwala ambiri samalabadira chizindikiro ichi, makamaka nthawi yotentha.

Chizindikiro cha matenda am'mbuyomu ndicho kusinthaku kwakulemera kwa thupi. Nthawi yomweyo, zakudya zimakhalabe zofanana ndi kale. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amayamba kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri, kenako ndikupeza mapaundi ena owonjezera. Zonsezi zimayendera limodzi ndi chilimbikitso chowonjezeka komanso chidwi chofuna kudya maswiti.

Zizindikiro zowonjezera zam'mimba zam'mimba zam'mimba zimakhala chizungulire, kupweteka pachifuwa, kuchepa kwa chidwi, kusinthasintha kwa machitidwe, kusokonezeka kwa kugona, komanso kusakwiya. Koma izi sizizindikiro zenizeni zomwe zimatsagana ndi matenda ambiri.

Momwe mungapezere shuga? Nthawi zambiri, azimayi amayamba kuwomba, omwe amazindikira kuti khungu layamba kuzimiririka. Kuwala kumawonekera, kuyabwa kwambiri mu perineum, tsitsi limagawanika, ndipo misomali imakhala yochepa.

Zizindikiro za matenda obwera ndi matenda ashuga ochitika kale zimawonetsa dziko lomwe limadwala matenda ashuga, omwe, polimbikitsidwa ndi zinthu zabwino, amapita mwachangu. Kwa nthawi yayitali, matendawa samawonekera mwanjira iliyonse, koma matendawa amatha kuzindikirika ndi zizindikiro izi: kumva kuwawa mkamwa, kupweteka pakhungu, kuchiritsa bwino mabala ndi mabala, kuchepa kwamawonekedwe owoneka, nthawi ndi nthawi kumenyedwa ndi njala, kunenepa kwambiri, ludzu losatha, kuchepa kwa ndende ndikugwira ntchito, kusinthasintha pafupipafupi, kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira, dzanzi la miyendo.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda aposachedwa? Zizindikiro sizitha kuonekera kwa nthawi yayitali, choncho matendawa amatha kutsimikiziridwa mwangozi. Kuti muyambe kulandira chithandizo munthawi yake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kumayesedwa pafupipafupi komanso kumvetsera thupi lanu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira nthawi ndi nthawi kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Kuzindikira matenda am'mbuyomu kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chosowa chithunzi. Matendawa amapitilira popanda kusintha. Kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane sikungawonetse kukhalapo kwa kusintha kwa ma pathological mu endocrine system. Njira yokhayo yodalirika yodziwira matenda a shuga ndi kuyesa kwa shuga.

Komabe, pakapita koyamba kwa ochiritsira, dokotala nthawi zambiri amamuwuza kuti ayesedwe magazi nthawi zonse. Zachilengedwe zimatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu (mutatha chakudya chotsiriza, maola osachepera 8 ayenera kudutsa). Kumwa maola 8 musanayambe kuyezetsa magazi a shuga kumangokhala madzi wamba. Mowa sukulimbikitsidwa masiku awiri, kuti musapotoze zotsatira zake. Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala zolakwika pambuyo pa njira zolimbitsa thupi, matenda opatsirana, mukamamwa mankhwala ena.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa matenda ashuga omwe amatha kutha kutha kuchitika mosadalira (pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer). Iyi ndi njira yowonetsera. Ndikokwanira kuyika dontho la magazi pa mzere woyeserera - ndipo mayesowo awonetsa zotsatira zake. Palibenso chifukwa chochezera kuchipatala, ndizotheka kutsata shuga m'magazi tsiku lonse, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zolondola. Ngati mukufuna kupeza zotsatira zolondola, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yodziwira matenda. Magazi nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala, koma nthawi zina amachokera mu mtsempha.

Kwa amuna ndi akazi, kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira ndi zofanana. Zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimachokera ku 3.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L m'magazi otengedwa kuchokera kumunwe, kuyambira 3,7 mpaka 6.1 mmol / L m'magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha. Ndi zizindikiro pamwambapa 5.5, boma la prediabetes limapezeka, ndipo ngati zotsatira zake zili pamwamba pa 6.1, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za matenda ashuga.

Kuti atsimikizire matendawa, dokotalayo atha kukuwunikiranso kuti ayang'anenso kapena atumize wodwala kukayezetsa magazi. Iyi ndi njira yolondola kwambiri yodziwira matenda. Ndondomeko ikuchitika m'magawo atatu. Choyamba muyenera kupereka magazi kuchokera chala pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako tengani yankho la 75 g la shuga. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kupuma kwa ola limodzi. Kenako amatenganso magazi. Phunziroli limachitika mobwerezabwereza ola limodzi. Zotsatira zake zimatilola kutsimikiza zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha shuga omwe akubwera.

Momwe zingatheke kudziwa momwe matenda ashuga amathandizira poyeserera ndi matenda ndikuwatsimikizira mayesowo, chithandizo chamankhwala chimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo chomwe chimathandiza kuchepetsa zovuta m'magazi.

Kudzipatsa nokha omwe ali ndi matenda oterewa ndikosavomerezeka komanso koopsa kwambiri osati kokha chifukwa cha thanzi, komanso moyo wa wodwalayo. Kuchedwa pang'ono kumatha kubweretsa kuti prediabetes isanduke shuga yonse.

Malangizo

Zizindikiro za matenda am'mbuyomu a shuga angathandize kuthetsa mankhwalawa. Prediabetes iyenera kulandira chithandizo ndikutsatira kwathunthu malangizo onse a dokotala. Pokhapokha ngati izi sizingasinthe kukhala matenda okhazikika ndipo sizingayambitse zovuta zazikulu.

Chithandizo chovuta kwambiri cha zomwe zimachitika posachedwa matenda a shuga, zakudya, moyo wokangalika, kumwa mankhwala, kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa ndi mankhwala omwe amayambiranso njira zoyambira za thupi.

Zizolowezi za chakudya zimayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Kupambana kwamankhwala mwachindunji kumatengera izi. Zakudya zapadera zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kagayidwe kake ndikudzaza thupi ndi potaziyamu yokwanira. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mawonekedwe a mtima azigwira bwino ntchito. Kubwezeretsanso kagayidwe kachakudya kumathandiza komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Minofu imatenga gawo lina la glucose, lomwe limapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala mwamphamvu.

Ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala onse omwe dokotala wanena. Mwachilengedwe, ndi matenda awa, mankhwala amaikidwa omwe amamanga ndi kupukusa shuga. Muyenera kusiya zizolowezi zomwe zimachepetsa chitetezo chamthupi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi zonse muzitenga ma multivitamin complexes kuti thupi lisamve kufunika kwa michere.

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo lotsatirali popereka mankhwala. Popeza zizindikiro za matenda obwera ndi matenda ashuga am'mbuyomu, chithandizo cha mankhwala amphamvu sichimayikidwa mwachangu. Pakupita miyezi itatu, wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kuti asinthe moyo wake. Izi zikutanthauza kudya ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Mankhwala ena amatengera zotsatira za mayeso. Ngati glycemia yofulumira (mmol / L) yoposa magawo 8, ndiye kuti insulin ndiyofunikira. Ngati kukana insulini, ndiye kuti metformin kapena glitazone + insulin imayikidwa, ngati palibe kukana, ndiye kuti insulin + CM (sulfanylurea) ndi mankhwala.

Pa 6 - 8 mmol / L, njira ina yowonjezera yamankhwala imatengera BMI. Ngati wodwala ali ndi BMI yoposa 27, metformin ndi / kapena glitazones ndizofunikira; ngati UTI ndi wofanana kapena wotsika kuposa 27, meglitinides kapena SM adayikidwa. Ngati zosakwana 6.0 mmol / l zapezeka ndi zotsatira za glycemia, ndiye kuti kuwunikira kowonjezera kumachitika patatha maola awiri mutatha kudya. Mulimonsemo, zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa zolimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya zapadera. Ngati zotsatira za kukonzanso kwake ndizoposa 8 mmol / l, ndiye kuti muonjezere mankhwala a acarbose kapena meglitinides.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo a matenda a shuga a m'mbuyomu ziyenera kukhala ndi cholinga chofuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zamagetsi komanso kuchepetsa zotumphukira za insulin. Mankhwala amalembedwa ndipo ndikofunikira kusintha moyo. Njira yophatikiza ndiyabwino. Odwala ambiri amafunikira kupatsidwa mankhwala.

Chithandizo choyambirira chimadalira mawonekedwe owonetsera. Pakadali pano, magulu atatu a mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu. Izi ndi insulin sesitizer yomwe imasintha kumva kwa insulin popanda kulimbikitsa kubisala kwake, chinsinsi chake, ndiye kuti, zolimbikitsazo, komanso ma glucosidase inhibitors omwe amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa chakudya.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga (TSPs) omwe mumalandira ndi mankhwala, komanso mankhwala a insulin. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa TSP kumapangidwa m'njira zambiri za matenda osokoneza bongo, pakatha kubereka komanso mkaka wa m'mawere, kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa impso ndi matenda operewera, magazi m'magazi, kupezeka kwa matenda amitsempha, kuchepa kwa thupi, ma opaleshoni othandizira, komanso matenda opatsirana pachimake. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa TSP kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda otupa osafunikira ndikosayenera.

Kukonzekera kwa sulfanilurea ndi mankhwala osafunikira pakatha kuperewera kwa thupi ndi chakudya, ngati mukupezeka chitetezo chokwanira cha insulin. Contraindication ndi pathologies a impso ndi chiwindi, pakati ndi mkaka wa m'mawere, komanso ketoacidosis. Meglitinides ndi yofunikira pakuchepa kwa mankhwala othandizira ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kudya kwambiri kwa hyperglycemia mukatha kudya. Contrainders ndiwofanana ndi pamene mukutenga sulfanylurea.

Biguanides imatha kulembedwa ngati wodwala amakhala ndi hyperglycemia, ndipo BMI imakulitsidwa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa pathologies a impso, pakati ndi mkaka wa m'mawere, komanso ketoacidosis, mankhwalawa amalembedwa chifukwa cha uchidakwa, kuchepa magazi, kulephera kwa mtima kapena kukalamba. Thiazolidinediones amasonyezedwa ndi predominance ya insulin kukana popanda chifukwa chochita zolimbitsa thupi. Inhibitors a-glucosidase amafunikira pamene hyperglycemia predominates atatha kudya, koma amatsutsana m'matumbo am'mimba, panthawi ya pakati ndi mkaka wa m`mawere, komanso mu ketoacidosis.

Mankhwala othandizira

Chithandizo chothandiza pa matenda ashuga omwe siwatheka sichingatheke popanda kudya. Muyenera kudya m'magawo ang'onoang'ono (pafupifupi kasanu patsiku), osasankha zakudya zamchere, zonenepa, zokometsera, zokazinga ndi zotsekemera, zopangidwa ndi theka, zomalizidwa. Ndikofunikira kuyambitsa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba (zosakhudzidwa), mtedza, nyemba, zinthu zamkaka zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa mumenyu. Ndikofunika kusankha nsomba ndi nyama zopanda nyama. Maswiti amaloledwa ndi apadera ndipo amachepetsa mkate. Zakudya zimadyedwa bwino mu mawonekedwe owiritsa kapena ophika, muyenera kumwa madzi okwanira. Malamulo okhathamiritsa ngati awa a matenda am'mbuyomu a shuga ayenera kuchitika mosalekeza.

Matenda a shuga panthawi yoyembekezera

Matenda a shuga amatha kupezekanso ngakhale mwa amayi athanzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kutenga pakati kumakulitsa shuga wa oyamba (wodalira insulini) kapena wachiwiri (wosadalira insulini). Munthawi ya bere, matendawa amatha kuchitika mwa azimayi onenepa kwambiri kapena omwe ali ndi vuto la insulin losowa. Pathology imawonedwa pafupifupi peresenti 5 ya amayi apakati, ndipo amapezeka m'mafuko ena. Anthu aku Asia, amwenye, amwenye aku America komanso aku America ku Mexico, Pacific Islanders ndiwotheka kwambiri kudwala matendawa.

Matenda a shuga amisala amachititsa kuti amayi ndi ana azimwalira. Mwa akhanda omwe amayi awo anali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu uwu, chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, kuchuluka kwamitsempha yamagazi, kuvutika kwamatenda, hypocalcemia imakulanso. Kuyang'anira wofooka kwa mayi yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi vuto lalikulu lobadwa masiku ena kapena kubereka. M'nthawi yamtsogolo kapena kulemera kwakukulu kwa mwana wosabadwayo, chiopsezo chopita padera chimakulanso.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga panthawi ya pakati

Zizindikiro za matenda obwera ndi matenda ashuga am'mimba nthawi yapakati sangakhale. Kuthekera kothekera kwa matendawa kumawonekera ngati makolo onse a wodwalayo anali ndi matenda ashuga, mayiyo anali atabereka ana olemera oposa 4.5 kg, mayi woyembekezera anali wonenepa kwambiri, eczema, neurodermatitis, matenda a ziwongo, polyhydramnios kapena shuga mkodzo. Pokhapokha mothandizidwa ndi mayeso, shuga yotsimikizika imatsimikizika. Panthawi yapakati, Zizindikiro za matenda omveka zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera kwa wodwala. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo:

mkodzo wambiri
Pakamwa pakamwa ndi ludzu lalikulu,
Khungu
njala yosatha
kutopa
kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
kuchepa kwa magwiridwe
kusowa tulo
mutu
kusakhazikika
kupweteka kwa minofu
kupweteka mumtima.

Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda a shuga

Kuwunikira kwa matenda opatsirana a shuga m'mbuyomu panthawi yoyembekezera kumachitika popanda kulephera, ngati, malinga ndi zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwaponseponse, adokotala akuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi matenda. Chithandizo chimakhala chowunikira mosamala komanso kuwongolera mwamphamvu madokotala a glucose, komanso chithandizo chanthawi yake pamavuto. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo kwa mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo.

Kuti achepetse zoopsa, dokotala wazachipatala ayenera kukhala ndi gulu lina la akatswiri (azamakhalidwe, akatswiri azachipatala, anamwino ndi dokotala wa ana) pakuwunikira mayiyo, amuchotsere zovuta zanthawi yoyembekezera (ngakhale zazing'ono), amakonzekera kubadwa ndikuwonetsetsa kupezeka kwa akatswiri odziwa ntchito, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti chithandizo cha mankhwala ndikosatheka. Akatswiri othandizira odwala matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati amapezeka m'malo a perinatal.

Ndi matenda a shuga a gestational, zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi amasankhidwa payekha. Kulemera kwa mzimayi panthawi yomwe ali ndi bere sikuyenera kuwonjezeka ndi oposa 9 kg kuti mupewe zovuta. Kwa azimayi onenepa kwambiri, kulemera kwakukulu ndi 7 kg. Mukatha kudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi amalimbikitsidwa.

Kuyambira sabata la 32, matenda oyembekezera ana ayenera kuchitika sabata iliyonse. M'masiku oyambirirapo, kuwunika kumachitika malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa. Ndondomeko imaphatikizapo kuyesa kopanda nkhawa, kuwerengeka kwa mayendedwe a fetal ndi mbiri ya diophysical. Chithandizo cha insulin ndi mankhwala okhawo omwe amapanga hyperglycemia atatha kudya ndi matenda a shuga a masabata awiri. Mlingo amasankhidwa payekha.

Kukonzekera kubala kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Ndi matenda a shuga gestational, kubereka kwachilengedwe ndikotheka ngati matendawa amayendetsedwa bwino ndipo ngati pali njira zolembedwa. Gawo la Kaisareya limachitidwa molingana ndi zisonyezo. Izi zitha kuphatikizira zovuta zapakati pa mimba yapitayi, kutsatira kwambiri mankhwalawa, tsiku lobadwa mosakwanira, kuwunikira moyenera pakubala. Kutumiza kumalimbikitsidwa pa sabata la 39 la bere.

Zizindikiro zakuyamba kwa matenda ashuga mwa akazi

Ndizovuta kudziwa matenda ashuga panthawi yoyamba, chifukwa zosiyanazi sizipangitsa kuti munthu azikayikira matenda, njira yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga imayamba pang'ono.

Zimachitika zaka zakubadwa pamene pali matenda enanso, okhala ndi zofanana ndi matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda am'mbuyomu atha kukhala motere:

Kufooka ndi kutopa kwakanthawi.
Kugona mutatha kudya.
Kuchulukitsa ludzu.
Mumakonda kukodza.
Kunenepa kwambiri.
Kuchulukitsa chilimbikitso ndi chizolowezi cha zakudya zotsekemera.

Mtundu womaliza wa matenda ashuga umatha kuyamba ndi kufooka, chizungulire komanso kuchepa kwa magwiridwe. Zizindikiro zoyambira wodwala zimatha kukhala opanda mphamvu atagona bwino, m'malo opumira, zakudya zabwino komanso chitetezo cham'maganizo, kutopa kokhazikika kumamveka.

Ndipo kufooka koteroko kukakulirakudya mukatha kudya, ndiye kuti izi zitha kukhala chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga. Kuchepetsa thupi mukatha kudya kumatha kupezeka nthawi ndi nthawi, koma ngati izi zimachitika mosalekeza, mutatha kudya nthawi zonse mumafuna kugona, zimakhala zovuta kuganizira kwambiri pantchito, uwu uyenera kukhala mwayi wopimidwa woyesa matenda osokoneza bongo a matenda a shuga.

Wotopa ndi matenda a shuga ochitika m'mbuyomu komanso chizindikiro chokhudzana ndi izi: kamwa yowuma, kakhalidwe kosasangalatsa kosasangalatsa, ndilimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira. Mzimayi amalakalaka kumwa, ngakhale amamwa madzi ambiri kuposa masiku onse.

Pokhala ndi madzi ambiri akumwa komanso chifukwa choti glucose, akamachotsedwa m'thupi, amatunga madzi, kukodza kumachitika pafupipafupi ndipo kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumawonjezeka. Ngati diuresis patsiku imachulukana kwambiri, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga abwinobwino amatha kupezeka.

Kukhala wonenepa kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa matenda ashuga a 2. Kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe ka mafuta ndi kusazindikira kwa insulin mu shuga kumayamba nthawi yomweyo. Mtundu womaliza wa shuga umawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa adipose m'chiuno. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusalinganika m'mahomoni ogonana achikazi.

Nthawi zambiri, mtundu uwu wa kunenepa umaphatikizidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo umakhala ngati chiwopsezo cha matenda oopsa a shuga.

Kulakalaka kwambiri ndikukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudya maswiti, ngati apezeka pafupipafupi, amatha kukhala ndi tanthauzo ili: ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha shuga, glucose m'magazi ndi ochulukirapo, koma osakhala ziwalo, chifukwa insulin siyingathandizire kulowa maselo. Chifukwa chake, bongo, komwe pakati pa njala mumapezeka, mothandizidwa ndi chizindikiro mpaka m'mimba, limayesetsa kudzaza kuperewera kwa zakudya.

Kuchepetsa thupi mu shuga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa ndi kuchepa kwa insulin mthupi, tinthu tambiri timene timachitika timayambira timadzi tomwe timapangidwa. Mafuta acids, limodzi ndi shuga, amakhala ndi zowononga m'mitsempha yamagazi, chiwindi, komanso dongosolo lamanjenje.

Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiro zoyambira za matenda am'mbuyomu a shuga, zizindikilo mwa akazi zimaphatikizanso:

Kuchepetsa thupi mwadzidzidzi, makamaka ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga.
Kuyabwa ndi kuwotchedwa pamalo oyandikira azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
Mutu.
Ziphuphu
Kulawa kwazitsulo mkamwa.
Khungu lowuma.
Ululu ndi kukokana mu minofu ya ng'ombe.
Zosokoneza tulo.
Kukhumudwa

Kupanga matenda ashuga am'mawere kumatha kuchitika mwa azimayi azaka 50 ngati chizindikiro cha kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe, madontho oyandama pamaso pa maso, mawonekedwe osasangalatsa.

Matenda a shuga amatha kudzidziwikitsa ngati matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi, omwe amafotokozedwa ndi chitetezo chochepa.

Tsitsi limayambitsanso mavuto ambiri kwa azimayi, amakhala owuma komanso osakhazikika, kumakhala kuwonjezereka kwa tsitsi, m'malo mwake, kukula kwawo kumalimbikitsidwa.

Zizindikiro za matenda am'mbuyomu amatha kupititsa azimayi ku gynecologist. Matenda otupa komanso gardnerellosis woletsa mankhwala omwe amapezeka ndi antifungal amatha kutsagana ndi shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchenjeza zakukula kwa shuga kuyenera kuwonetsedwa kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto la ovary yokhala ndi pathupi, omwe amakhala ndi pathupi pathupi pakubala, komanso pakubadwa kwa mwana wolemera makilogalamu 4.5 kapena kupitirira apo. Ndizowopsa kwa azimayi ngati matendawa azindikirika panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati.

Ndi kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kwa akazi, kutulutsidwa kwa mafuta aumkazi kumachepa, komwe, limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana, kumabweretsa zowawa komanso zosasangalatsa panthawi yogonana.

Amayi omwe amathandizidwira kwa nthawi yayitali sangakayikire kuti matenda ashuga omwe amatha kukhala nawo atha kukhudzanso kubereka.

Kupewa matenda

Kupewa kwa matenda am'mbuyomu azimayi ndi abambo kumakhazikitsidwa pazomwezi. Ndikofunikira kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa ndikuwongolera kuwonda. Kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, ndikofunika kuti azichita mayeso nthawi ndi nthawi kapena kuyeza mulingo wawo wa shuga tsiku lililonse. Ngati pali zizindikiro zina zoopsa, muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuti muchepetse matendawa.