Type 2 shuga > Matenda a shuga

Type 2 shuga- matenda osatha owonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya koyambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia chifukwa cha insulin kukokana komanso chinsinsi cha maselo a beta, komanso lipid metabolism ndi chitukuko cha atherosulinosis. Popeza chomwe chimayambitsa kufa ndi kulemala kwa odwala ndi kuphatikizika kwa systemic atherosclerosis, matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 nthawi zina amatchedwa matenda amtima.

Kuletsa Kupewa Matenda a shuga

Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga 2 kutha kuchitika onse pamlingo wa anthu onse, komanso pamlingo payekha. Zodziwikiratu kuti kupewa anthu ambiri sikungachitike kokha ndi oyang'anira zaumoyo, malingaliro adziko lothana ndi matendawa amafunikira, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zakukwaniritsira ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wathanzi, kutenga nawo mbali kosiyanasiyana kwa maboma osiyanasiyana munjira iyi, kudzetsa chidwi cha anthu ambiri, kupanga "nondiabetogenic" chilengedwe.

Njira zopewera matenda ashuga 2 mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda chifukwa cha malangizo am'nyumba aperekedwa pagome 12.1

Tebulo 12.1. Zigawo zikuluzikulu za njira yachiwiri yopewa matenda a shuga
(Ma Algorithms othandizira odwala mwapadera kwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus (kope la 5). Adasinthidwa ndi II Dedov, MV Shestakova, Moscow, 2011)

Ngati pali malire pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito njira zodzitetezera, kuyikira izi ndi izi:

• Chofunika kwambiri (chitsimikizo A): anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga: osaloledwa wopanda kapena wopanda khungu, wokhala ndi kapena wopanda metabolic syndrome (MetS)

• Kuwona patsogolo kwambiri (umboni wa C): anthu omwe ali ndi IHL ndi / kapena MetS

• Kufunikira kwapakatikati (umboni wa C): anthu omwe ali ndi chakudya chambiri chamafuta koma onenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ochepa

• Umboni wotsika (umboni wa C): anthu onse

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pamenepa mawu akuti "zofunika kwambiri pakubwera" amakhala osakakamiza, komanso kupezeka kwa kunenepa kwambiri (mpaka 90% ya matenda amtundu wa 2 angagwirizanidwe nawo) ndipo kukhalapo kwa zida za MetS kumafunikira kukonzedwa, kuphatikizira kuyambira pakuwona mtima.

Mwalawapakati woletsa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 ndi njira yamoyo yosinthira: kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri, kukonza zolimbitsa thupi, komanso kudya wathanzi. Izi zatsimikiziridwa mu maphunziro ambiri pazokhudza kusintha kwa moyo wokangalika pakuchepetsa zovuta za matenda ashuga 2.

Chomwe chikuwonetsa kwambiri pankhani iyi ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku awiri wochitidwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi NTG, i.e. mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda ashuga 2): Phunziro la Finnish DPS (anthu 522, zaka 4) ndi kuphunzira kwa DPP (anthu 3234, zaka 2.8).

Zolinga zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa m'maphunzirowa zinali zofanana: kuwonjezeka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera 30 min patsiku (osachepera 150 mphindi / sabata), kuchepa thupi kwa 5% ndi 7%, motsatana (mu DPS, zolinga zinali motere: Kuchepetsa kudya mafuta okwanira 15g / 1000kcal) zolimbitsa mafuta (4000 g) ndi otsika (35 kg / m2 poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi BMI ya 2.82)
• Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi (> 140/90 mmHg) kapena mankhwala a antihypertensive

• mtima matenda a atherosulinotic chiyambi.
• Acanthosis (hyperpigmentation of the khungu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mbali mwa thupi pakhosi, mgulu, m'mphepete mwa malo ena).

• Mavuto ogona - kugona kosakwana maola 6 ndi maola oposa 9 kumalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga,
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa hyperglycemia kapena kuwonda

• Kukhumudwa: Kafukufuku wina wawonetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda amtundu wa 2 anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa.
• wotsika mkhalidwe wazachuma (SES): ikuwonetsa kuyanjana pakati pa SES ndi kuopsa kwa kunenepa kwambiri, kusuta, CVD ndi matenda ashuga.

Pa upangiri wothandiza, wodwala ayenera kudziwitsidwa bwino za matendawa, zoopsa zake, zomwe zingatheke popewa, ayenera kulimbikitsidwa komanso kuphunzitsidwa kudziletsa.

Shuga mellitus 2 ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe misempha yamwazi imakwezedwa. Zomwe zimachitika ndikuchepa kwa chidwi chokhudzana ndi thupi chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, kumangokhala, kugona mokwanira, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, komanso kudziwitsidwa kwa chibadwa.

Kuti athane ndi insulin, kapamba amayenera kupanga insulini yambiri, yomwe imayambitsa kutsika kwake, pambuyo pake pakuwonjezereka kwa magazi. Popeza palibe zizindikiritso kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu ambiri sazindikira matenda awo.

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga makamaka chifukwa cha matendawo. Pankhani yodwala mochedwa, kuwunika moyenera komanso kulandira chithandizo, izi zimatha kuyambitsa kuchepa kwa kuwona (mpaka khungu), kufooka kwa impso (ndikukula kwa aimpso), zilonda zam'miyendo, chiopsezo chachikulu chakuduladula miyendo, kugunda kwamtima, ndi stroko.

Mavuto a shuga amatha kuzindikirika mwachindunji panthawi yopezeka matenda. Komabe, kutsatira malangizowo, kuunikira, kulandira mankhwala moyenera komanso kudziyang'anira, zovuta za matenda ashuga sizingakhalepo, ndipo shuga wamagazi akhoza kukhala woperewera.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kupewa, nthawi zonse ndikwabwino kuposa kuchiza matendawo pambuyo pake. Ngakhale munthu atadwala matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti sanadwalebe, kukula kwa matendawa kumatha kupewedwa ndikusintha moyo wake: ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kunenepa, kuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi, kusintha zakudya zamagulu (mwa kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri).

Mu kafukufuku wa DPS, adawonetsedwa kuti odwala ochulukirapo a prophylactic 2 adakwaniritsa zolinga zawo zodzitetezera2 (kuchepetsa kwa 500g pakudya mafuta kapena ma servings a 5 patsiku).
• Sankhani zinthu zonse monga tirigu.

• Chepetsa kudya shuga mpaka 50 g / tsiku, kuphatikiza shuga mu zakudya ndi zakumwa.
• Idyani mafuta a masamba, mtedza monga gwero lenileni lamafuta.
• Chepetsani mafuta, mafuta ena odzaza ndi mafuta ochepa a hydrogenated (osapitirira 25-35% ya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu za tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe mafuta omwe amakhala ndi mafuta osakwana 10%, trans mafuta ndi ochepera 2%),

• Idyani mkaka wokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso nyama.
Idyani nsomba pafupipafupi (> kawiri pa sabata).
• Amwani zakumwa zoledzera pang'ono (30 makilogalamu / m2) Pambuyo pake, kuwunikira omwe adatenga nawo gawo mu kafukufuku wa DPP adapitilizidwa mpaka zaka 10 ndikusungidwa kwa chithandizo cham'mbuyomu ndipo adatchedwa - kafukufuku wa DPPOS.

Pamapeto pa kafukufukuyu, motsutsana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka metformin, kuchepa kwa thupi kunatsalira (pafupifupi ndi 2%, poyerekeza ndi -0.2% pagulu la placebo). Panali chizolowezi chopewa matenda atsopano a shuga: ndi 34% pagulu lakusintha kwa machitidwe ndi 18% mukamagwiritsa ntchito metformin.

Zokhudza kuchepetsedwa mayamwidwe a shuga ndi lipids

Kafukufuku wambiri adaphunzira kuthekera kwa kupewa matenda a shuga a 2 mwa anthu omwe ali ndi NTG akamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la α-glucosidase inhibitors (kuyamwa kwa carbohydrate m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kumachepera ndi nsonga zakuchepa kwa postprandial hyperglycemia).

Mu kafukufuku wa STOP-NIDDM, kugwiritsa ntchito acarbose pazaka 3.3 kunachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndi 25%. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena mgululi, voglibose, kunachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga m'magulu a NTG ndi 40% poyerekeza ndi placebo.

Mu kafukufuku wa XENDOS, odwala onenepa opanda matenda a shuga (ena anali ndi NTG), pamodzi ndi malingaliro a moyo, adalandira orlistat kapena placebo. Pambuyo pazowonekera zaka 4, kuchepa kwa chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kunali 37%. Koma chifukwa cha zovuta zoyipa kuchokera m'matumbo am'magulu a orlistat, ndi 52% yokha ya odwala omwe adamaliza kafukufukuyu kwathunthu.

Kutengera ndi umboni wa ma RCT omwe tawatchulawa, mabungwe odziwika apadziko lonse lapansi apereka malingaliro okhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe munthu angapewe matenda ashuga.

Maupangiri othandizila pa proticlaxis yachipatala ya mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga komanso umboni wa mapindu awo

1. Milandu yomwe kusintha kwamachitidwe sikulola kukwaniritsa kuchepa kwa thupi komanso / kapena kusintha kwa mayendedwe a glucose, akuti akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito metformin muyezo wa 250 - 850 mg 2 kawiri pa tsiku (kutengera kulolera) monga prophylaxis ya mtundu 2 shuga odwala pansipa:

Kupewa kwa matenda a shuga a 2 m'magulu a odwala:

• anthu osakwanitsa zaka 60 omwe ali ndi BMI> 30 kg / m2 ndi GPN> 6.1 mmol / l posagwirizana ndi zotsutsana (kuchuluka Kwambiri kwaumboni wopindulitsa pochepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga a 2),
• anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lolephereka la glucose (NTG) osagwirizana ndi maumboni (apamwamba A umboni wopindulitsa),
• anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lochita kusala kudya glycemia posagwirizana ndi zotsutsana (umboni wotsika kwambiri wopindulitsa, kutengera lingaliro la akatswiri),
• anthu omwe ali ndi glycated hemoglobin HbA1c wa 5.7-6.4% posowa contraindication (umboni wotsika kwambiri wopindulitsa, kutengera lingaliro la akatswiri).

2. Acarbose komanso metformin zitha kuonedwa ngati njira yolepheretsera matenda ashuga 2, malinga ngati ndizolekeredwa bwino ndipo zotsutsana zimatha kukumbukiridwa.

3. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri kapena opanda NTG, chithandizo choyang'aniridwa mosamala cha orlistat kuphatikiza pakusintha kwina kakhalidwe kogwiritsa ntchito kamagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira ya mzere wachiwiri (umboni wapamwamba kwambiri).

Kodi matenda ashuga a 2 ndi otani?

Matendawa amakula nthawi zambiri ali ndi zaka 40-60. Pachifukwa ichi, amatchedwa shuga a okalamba. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa matendawa adakula, sizachilendo kukumana ndi odwala ochepera zaka 40.

Type 2 shuga mellitus amayamba chifukwa chophwanya chiwopsezo cha maselo amthupi kupita ku insulin ya mahomoni, yomwe imapangidwa ndi "zilumba" za kapamba. Mu terminology yamankhwala, izi zimatchedwa insulin kukana. Chifukwa cha izi, insulini sitha kupereka bwino gwero lalikulu lamphamvu, glucose, m'maselo, motero, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka.

Kuti achepetse kusowa kwa mphamvu, kapamba amatulutsa insulin yambiri kuposa masiku onse. Nthawi yomweyo, kukana insulini sikumatha kulikonse. Ngati pakadali pano simupereka chithandizo pakanthawi, ndiye kuti kapamba "amatha" ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulini ndikusowa. Mwazi wamagazi umakwera mpaka 20 mmol / L ndikukwera (wokhala ndi 3.3-5,5 mmol / L).

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga

Pali magawo atatu a shuga mellitus:

Fomu yakuwala - nthawi zambiri imapezeka mwangozi, popeza wodwalayo samamva zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Palibe kusinthika kwakukulu mu shuga la magazi, pamimba yopanda kanthu msambo wa glycemia sudutsa 8 mmol / l. Chithandizo chachikulu ndi zakudya zomwe zimaletsa chakudya, makamaka zina zofunikira kugaya.
Matenda abwinobwino a shuga. Madandaulo ndi zizindikiro zimawoneka. Palibepo zovuta zina, kapena sizilepheretsa wodwalayo kuchita. Chithandizo chimakhala ndi kumwa mankhwala ophatikiza shuga. Nthawi zina, insulin imapangidwa mpaka 40 magawo patsiku.
Njira zingapo yodziwika ndi kukwera kwambiri kwa glycemia. Chithandizo chophatikiza chimalembedwa nthawi zonse: mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi insulin (zopitilira 40 patsiku). Pakufufuzidwa, mavuto osiyanasiyana a mtima amatha kupezeka. Vutoli nthawi zina limafunanso kukonzanso mwachangu.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsa kwa carbohydrate metabolism, pali magawo atatu a shuga:

Kubwezera - Mukalandira chithandizo, shuga amasungidwa mokhazikika, osapezeka konsekodzo mkodzo.
Kubweza - glucose m'magazi sichikwera kupitirira 13.9 mmol / l, mkodzo sapitilira 50 g patsiku.
Kubwezera - glycemia kuyambira 14 mmol / l ndi kukwera, mkodzo woposa 50 g patsiku, kukula kwa vuto la hyperglycemic ndikotheka.

Payokha, Prediabetes (kuphwanya kulekerera kwa chakudya chambiri) zimadzipatula. Vutoli limapezeka kuti limayesedwa kuchipatala - mayeso a kulolera glucose kapena kusanthula kwa glycated hemoglobin.

Mosiyana ndi Matenda A shuga Aakulu

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Type 2 shuga

Kuyambukira10-20%80-90% NyengoYophukira, nthawi yachisanu ndi masikaZikuwoneka M'badwoAkuluakulu osakwana zaka 40 ndi anaAkuluakulu atatha zaka 40 OkwatiranaNthawi zambiri kuposa abamboNthawi zambiri kuposa azimayi Kulemera kwa thupiKutsika kapena kwabwinobwinoKunenepa kwambiri mu 90% ya milandu Matenda oyambaKuyamba msanga, ketoacidosis nthawi zambiri imayamba.Zosaoneka komanso wodekha. Vuto la mtimaZowonongeka zambiri zazombo zazing'onoZombo zazikulu zimachitika Ma antibodies kuma cell a insulin komanso a betaPaliAyi Zokhudza insulinZapulumutsidwaKutsitsidwa ChithandizoInsulinZakudya, hypoglycemic mankhwala, insulin (mochedwa siteji)

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga A Type 2

Chifukwa cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka, asayansi samadziwa ngati pali zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhalepo:

Kunenepa kwambiri - Cholinga chachikulu cha mawonekedwe a insulin kukana. Njira zomwe zingasonyeze kulumikizana pakati pa kunenepa kwambiri komanso minofu yolimbana ndi insulin sizimamveka bwino. Asayansi ena amatsutsana kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa ma insulin omwe amapezeka mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ochepa.
Makamaka (kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga m'mbale) kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa kangapo.
Kupsinjika, Matenda Opatsirana zimatha kupangitsa kuti mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga ndi yoyamba.
Mwa azimayi 80% omwe ali ndi matenda ovary a polycystic, kukana kwa insulini komanso kuchuluka kwakweza insulin kunapezeka. Kudalira kwadziwika, koma pathogenis ya chitukuko cha matendawa pakadali pano sichinafotokozedwe.
Kuchulukitsa kwamahomoni kapena glucocorticosteroids m'magazi kungachepetse chidwi cha insulin, ndikupangitsa matenda.

Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zoyipa, masinthidwe a insulin receptors amatha kuchitika, omwe sangathe kuzindikira insulin komanso kupititsa shuga m'maselo.

Komanso, chiopsezo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 chimaphatikizaponso anthu atatha zaka 40 okhala ndi cholesterol yambiri komanso triglycerides, wokhala ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Kuyabwa kosasunthika kwa khungu ndi maliseche.
Polydipsia - ozunzidwa nthawi zonse ndi kumverera kwa ludzu.
Polyuria ndi njira yowonjezerera pokodza.
Kutopa, kugona, kugona pang'ono.
Matenda apakhungu omwe amakhala pafupipafupi.
Zouma mucous nembanemba.
Zilonda zazitali zosachiritsa.
Kuphwanya mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a dzanzi, kumva kuwawa kwa miyendo.

Kuzindikira matendawa

Kafukufuku yemwe amatsimikizira kapena kukana kukhalapo kwa mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga:

kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi
HbA1c (kutsimikiza kwa glycated hemoglobin),
kusanthula kwa mkodzo matupi a shuga ndi ketone,
kuyeserera kwa shuga.

Poyambirira, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ungathe kuzindikirika m'njira yotsika mtengo mukamayesa mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga. Njirayi imakhala m'lingaliro loti kuphatikiza magazi kumachitika kangapo. Pamimba yopanda kanthu, namwino amatenga magazi, pambuyo pake wodwala amayenera kumwa 75 g shuga. Pakutha kwa maola awiri, magazi amatengedwanso ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayang'aniridwa. Nthawi zambiri, zimayenera kukhala mpaka 7.8 mmol / L m'maola awiri, ndipo matenda ashuga azikhala oposa 11 mmol / L.

Palinso mayeso owonjezera omwe magazi amatengedwa kanayi pa theka lililonse la ola. Amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri pofufuza kuchuluka kwa shuga poyankha kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Tsopano pali ma labotoreti achinsinsi ambiri omwe magazi a shuga amawachotsa m'mitsempha ndipo ena kuchokera chala. Ma diagnostics akufotokozera mothandizidwa ndi ma glucometer kapena mizere yoyesera apangidwanso. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu venous ndi capillary zizindikiro za shuga zimasiyana, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri.

Mukamayang'ana m'magazi am'magazi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhala kokwanira 10-15% kuposa magazi a venous.
Kusala glucose wamagazi kuchokera m'magazi a capillary kuli kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mutatha kudya magazi a capillary, shuga ndi 1-1.1 mmol / l kuposa m'magazi a venous.

Mavuto

Pambuyo pakupezeka ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, wodwalayo amafunika kuzolowera shuga wamagazi, kumwa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga nthawi zonse, komanso kutsatira zakudya ndikusiya zosokoneza bongo. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti shuga yayikulu imasokoneza mitsempha, ndikupangitsa zovuta zingapo.

Mavuto onse a shuga amagawika m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: pachimake komanso chovuta.

Mavuto owopsa amakhala ndi chikomokere, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo awonongeke kwambiri. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri, omwe amakhala ndi mavuto akudya komanso osakhazikika, osamwa mosasamala. Mkhalidwewo umafuna thandizo la akatswiri omwe akukonzekera kuchipatala.
Mavuto aakulu (mochedwa) amakula pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi.

Matenda onse osokoneza bongo a matenda a shuga a 2 agawidwa m'magulu atatu:

Microvascular - zotupa pamlingo wa zombo zazing'ono - ma capillaries, venule ndi arterioles. Zida za retina zamaso (diabetesic retinopathy) zimavutika, aneurysms zimapangidwa zomwe zimatha kuphulika nthawi iliyonse. Pamapeto pake, kusintha koteroko kumatha kubweretsa kutayika kwamaso. Zida za aimpso glomeruli zimasinthanso, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amomwe aimpso amalephera.
Macrovascular - kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yamphamvu yayikulu. Ischemia ya Myocardial ndi matenda am'mimba imachitikanso, komanso zotumphukira zamisempha zothetsera matenda. Izi ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya atherosselotic, ndipo kupezeka kwa shuga kumawonjezera mwayi wawo wopezeka katatu. Chiwopsezo chodulidwa ziwalo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsika shuga ndiwofika nthawi 20!
Matenda a shuga. Kuwonongeka kwa chapakati ndi / kapena zotumphukira zamanjenje kumachitika. Mitsempha yama minyewa imadziwika nthawi zambiri ndi hyperglycemia, kusintha kwazinthu zingapo kumachitika, chifukwa chomwe kupendekera kwofananira kudzera mu ulusi kumasokonekera.

Njira yophatikizika ndiyofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. M'mbuyomu, kudya kamodzi kumakhala kokwanira kukhazikika kwa glucose, ndipo pambuyo pake, wina atasowa mankhwala kapena insulini amatha kukhala kukomoka kwa hyperglycemic.

Zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi

Choyamba, mosasamala kanthu za zovuta za matendawa, zakudya zimayikidwa. Anthu onenepa amafunika kuchepetsa zopatsa mphamvu, poganizira zolimbitsa thupi ndi masana.

Mowa umaletsedwa, chifukwa kuphatikiza ndimankhwala ena hypoglycemia kapena lactic acidosis imayamba. Kupatula apo, ili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochulukirapo.

Kufunika kusintha ndikulimbitsa thupi. Chithunzi chomwe chimangokhala chovuta chimakhudza kulemera kwa thupi - chimayambitsa matenda amitundu iwiri komanso zovuta zake. Katunduyo ayenera kuperekedwa pang'onopang'ono, kutengera mtundu woyamba. Kuyambira kwabwino ndikuyenda kwa theka la ora katatu patsiku, komanso kusambira momwe mungathere. Popita nthawi, katundu pang'onopang'ono amawonjezeka. Kuphatikiza pa masewera omwe amalimbikitsa kuchepa thupi, amatsitsa kukana kwa insulini m'maselo, kuletsa matenda ashuga kupita patsogolo.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga

Ndi kusachita bwino kwa zakudya komanso zolimbitsa thupi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasankhidwa, omwe tsopano ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Ndi ofunika kukhalabe ndi shuga. Mankhwala ena, kuphatikiza pazofunikira zawo, amakhudza kukoka kwa ma cellcircular komanso hemostatic system.

Mndandanda wamankhwala ochepetsa shuga:

biguanides (metformin),
sulfonylurea zotumphukira (glyclazide),
glucosidase zoletsa
glinides (nateglinide),
SGLT2 mapuloteni oyimitsa,
glyphlosins,
thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone).

Mankhwala a insulin

Ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndikukula kwa zovuta, insulin yotsimikizika imalembedwa, popeza kupanga kwa mahomoni a pancreatic palokha kumachepa ndi kupitirira kwa matendawa. Pali ma syringe apadera ndi syringe pensulo yoyendetsera insulin, yomwe ili ndi singano yopyapyala komanso kapangidwe komveka. Chipangizo chatsopano kwambiri ndi pampu ya insulin, kupezeka kwake komwe kumathandizira kupewa jakisoni tsiku lililonse.

Zithandizo zothandiza za anthu

Pali zakudya ndi mbewu zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi shuga wamagazi, komanso zimawonjezera kupanga kwa insulin ndi zisumbu za Langerhans. Ndalama zotere ndi anthu.

Cinnamon imakhala ndi zinthu zake zomwe zimakhudza kagayidwe kachakudya ka matenda ashuga. Kukhala kothandiza kumwa tiyi ndi kuwonjezera supuni ya zonunkhira izi.
Chicory Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupewa matenda a shuga. Ili ndi mchere wambiri, mafuta ofunikira, mavitamini C ndi B1. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa odwala oopsa omwe ali ndi mitsempha yamatumbo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Pamaziko ake, ma decoctions ndi ma infusions osiyanasiyana amakonzedwa, amathandiza thupi kuthana ndi kupsinjika, kulimbitsa dongosolo lamanjenje.
Blueberries Palinso mankhwala a shuga omwe amachokera pa mabulosi awa. Mutha kupanga decoction wamasamba obiriwira: kutsanulira supuni imodzi yamasamba ndi madzi ndikutumiza ku chitofu. Mukawiritsa, chotsani nthawi yomweyo pamoto, ndipo patatha maola awiri mutha kumwa zakumwa zomwe mwakonzekera. Quoction yotere imatha kudyedwa katatu patsiku.
Walnut - pamene idya, pamakhala zotsatira za hypoglycemic chifukwa cha zinc ndi manganese. Mulinso calcium ndi vitamini D.
Tiyi wa Linden. Imakhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic, komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu yochiritsa thupi. Kuti mukonze zakumwa zotere, muyenera kuthira supuni ziwiri za linden ndi kapu imodzi ya madzi otentha. Mutha kuwonjezera zimu mandimu pamenepo. Muyenera kumwa chakumwa chotere katatu tsiku lililonse.

Zakudya zabwino za matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2

Cholinga chachikulu cha kukonza zakudya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi kukhalabe ndi shuga mumagazi okhazikika. Kudumpha kwadzidzidzi ndikosavomerezeka, muyenera kutsatira dongosolo lazakudya nthawi zonse ndipo osadumphanso chakudya chotsatira.

Kupatsa thanzi kwa matenda a shuga a 2 ndikuyenera kuchepetsa chakudya chamagulu. Zakudya zamafuta onse zimasiyana m'magazi, zimagawidwa mwachangu komanso pang'onopang'ono. Pali kusiyana pamapangidwe azinthu ndi zopatsa mphamvu zamagulu. Poyamba, zimakhala zovuta kuti odwala matenda ashuga azindikire kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu. Kuti zitheke, akatswiri adazindikira lingaliro la gawo la mkate, lomwe lili ndi magalamu 10-12 a zakudya, mosasamala kanthu za chinthucho.

Pafupifupi, mkate umodzi umakulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi 2.8 mmol / L, ndipo magawo awiri a insulin amafunikira kuti amwe shuga. Kutengera ndi mkate womwe wadyedwa, mlingo wa insulin womwe umafunikira makonzedwe amawerengedwa. 1 buledi mkate umafanana ndi theka kapu ya buckwheat porridge kapena apulo imodzi yaying'ono.

Kwa tsiku limodzi, munthu azidya pafupifupi 18-18 mkate, womwe umayenera kugawidwa zakudya zonse: pafupifupi 3-5 mkate nthawi. Anthu odwala matenda a shuga amauzidwa zambiri za izi m'masukulu apadera a shuga.

Kupewa

Kupewa matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo matenda ashuga amtundu umodzi, agawika m'magulu:

Yoyambirira ikulepheretsa kukula kwamatenda pafupipafupi, ndipo yachiwiriyo imapewetsa zovuta zomwe zikuwoneka kale. Cholinga chachikulu ndikukhazikitsa shuga m'magazi pamanambala wamba, kuti muchepetse zinthu zonse zomwe zingayambitse matenda ashuga a 2.

Zakudya - zimalimbikitsidwa makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lochulukirapo. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo nyama ndi nsomba, masamba komanso zipatso zokhala ndi chisonyezo chochepa (chochepa mbatata, nthochi ndi mphesa). Osamadya pasitala, mikate yoyera, chimanga ndi maswiti tsiku lililonse.
Moyo wokangalika. Chachikulu ndichowonjezera komanso kuthekera kochita zolimbitsa thupi. Kuyenda kapena kusambira ndikokwanira poyambira.
Kuthetsa, ngati nkotheka, zonse zofunika za matenda. Amayi omwe ali ndi polycystic ovary amawonetsedwa pafupipafupi ndi gynecologist.
Pewani zovuta zomwe zingachitike ngati zingatheke.