Kutsata kwa kapangidwe ka cholesterol m'chiwindi

Kusintha kwa lanosterol kukhala cholesterol kumachitika mwa michere ya endoplasmic hepatocyte reticulum. Mgwirizano wapawiri umapangika mu molekyulu ya phula yoyamba. Izi zimatha mphamvu zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito NADPH monga wopereka. Pambuyo pa kukhudzidwa kwa ma enzymes osiyanasiyana osinthira pa lanosterol, cholesterol imawonekera.

Transport Q10

Ntchito yofunikira ya cholesterol ndiyonso kutumiza kwa Q10. Pulogalamuyi ili ndi udindo woteteza nembanemba ku mavuto obwera chifukwa cha michere. Chiwerengero chambiri chazipangazi chimapangidwa m'mitundu ina, pokhapokha ndikulowa m'magazi. Alibe mphamvu yodziyimira payokha mma cell otsalira, chifukwa chaichi amafunika chonyamulira. Cholesterol amalimbana bwino ndi ntchitoyi.

Ntchito Zogwirizanitsa Zoyambira

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chinthu ichi chitha kukhala chothandiza kwa anthu, pokhapokha ngati tikulankhula za HDL.

Kutengera izi, zikuwonekeratu kuti kunena kuti cholesterol imavulaza anthu ndi cholakwika.

Cholesterol kukhala yogwira mtima:

• amatenga nawo mbali pamagulu a mahomoni ogonana,
• imawonetsetsa magwiridwe antchito a serotonin receptors mu ubongo,
• ndiye gawo lalikulu la bile, komanso Vitamini D, yomwe imayendetsa mafuta,
• imalepheretsa njira yakuwonongeka kwa zida za intracellular mothandizidwa ndi ma free radicals.

Koma limodzi ndi zinthu zabwino, thunthu limatha kuvulaza thanzi la munthu. Mwachitsanzo, LDL imatha kuyambitsa matenda akuluakulu, makamaka imathandizira pakukula kwa atherosulinosis.

Mu chiwindi, biocomponent imapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi HMG redutase. Ichi ndiye puloteni yofunika kwambiri yokhudzira biosynthesis. Kuletsa kwa kaphatikizidwe kumachitika mchikakamizo cha mayankho olakwika.

Kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka chinthu m'chiwindi kamayanjana ndi gawo la piritsi yomwe imalowa m'thupi la munthu ndi chakudya.

Ngakhale zosavuta, njirayi imafotokozedwa motere. Chiwindi chimadzilamulira moyenera mafuta a cholesterol. Munthu akamadya chakudya chokhala ndi chinthuchi, zinthu zochepa zimapangidwa m'maselo a chiwalocho, ndipo ngati tikuganizira kuti mafuta amadyera limodzi ndi zinthu zomwe zili nacho, ndiye kuti njira yolamulirayi ndiyofunika kwambiri.

Mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kazinthu

Akuluakulu athanzi labwino amapanga HDL pamlingo pafupifupi 1 g / tsiku ndipo amadya pafupifupi 0,3 g / tsiku.

Mlingo wa cholesterol wosasintha m'magazi uli ndi mtengo wotere - 150-200 mg / dl. Kusungidwa makamaka pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kaphatikizidwe ka denovo.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kapangidwe ka HDL ndi LDL komwe amachokera kumayendetsedwa pang'ono ndi zakudya.

Cholesterol, yonse yochokera kuzakudya ndi zopangidwa m'chiwindi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zimitsemvu, kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni a steroid ndi ma asidi a bile. Gawo lalikulu kwambiri la chinthucho limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kapangidwe ka bile acid.

Kutenga kwa HDL ndi LDL ndi maselo kumasungidwa mokhazikika ndi njira zitatu:

1. Kuwongolera kwa Ntchito ya HMGR
2. Kuwongolera owonjezera intracellular free cholesterol kudzera mu ntchito ya O-acyltransferase sterol, SOAT1 ndi SOAT2 yomwe ili ndi SOAT2, yomwe ndiyo gawo loyambira kwambiri pachiwindi. Kapangidwe koyamba ka ma enzymes awa anali ACAT ya acyl-CoA: acyltransferase cholesterol. Ma Enzymes ACAT, ACAT1, ndi ACAT2 ndi acetyl CoA acetyltransferase 1 ndi 2.
3. Mwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya plasma kudzera pa LDL-mediated receptor kumtengera ndi HDL-mediated reverse shipping.

Kuwongolera ntchito ya HMGR ndiyo njira yayikulu yowongolera kuchuluka kwa biosynthesis ya LDL ndi HDL.

Enzyme imayendetsedwa ndi njira zinayi:

• ndemanga zoletsa,
• ulamuliro wama gene,
• kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa michere,
• phosphorylation-dephosphorylation.

Njira zitatu zoyambirira zimagwirira ntchito molunjika pazinthu zomwezi. Cholesterol imagwira ntchito ngati choletsa ndemanga kuchokera kwa HMGR yomwe ilipo, komanso imayambitsa kufooka kwa enzyme mwachangu. Zotsirizazo ndizotsatira za polyubiquitination ya HMGR ndikuwonongeka kwake mu proteinosome. Kutha uku ndi chifukwa cha sterol-sensitive domain HMGR SSD.

Kuphatikiza apo, cholesterol ikachuluka, kuchuluka kwa mRNA kwa HMGR kumachepa chifukwa chakuchepa kwa majini.

Enzymes nawo synthesis

Ngati gawo lakunja likuyendetsedwa mwa kusinthanitsa kophatikizana, njirayi idzachitika chifukwa cha phosphorylation ndi dephosphorylation.

Enzyme imagwira ntchito kwambiri mosapangidwa. Phosphorylation ya enzyme imachepetsa ntchito yake.

HMGR ndi phosphorylated ndi AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK. AMPK yokha imayendetsedwa ndi phosphorylation.

Phosphorylation ya AMPK imapangidwa ndi michere iwiri:

1. Kinase yoyamba yomwe imayambitsa activation ya AMPK ndi LKB1 (chiwindi kinase B1). LKB1 idayamba kudziwika ngati majini mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotsogolera la Autzomal syndrome, PJS. LKB1 imapezekanso kuti imasintha mu mapapo a adenocarcinoma.
2. Phosphorylating enzyme AMPK yachiwiri ndi pulodulin wodalira mapuloteni kinase kinase beta (CaMKKβ). CaMKKβ imayambitsa phosphorylation ya AMPK poyankha kuwonjezeka kwa intracellular Ca2 + chifukwa cha kufupika kwa minofu.

Kuwongolera kwa HMGR mwa kusintha kwamilandu kumapangitsa kuti HDL ipangidwe. HMGR imagwira ntchito kwambiri mdziko la dephosphorylated. Phosphorylation (Ser872) imapangidwa ndi enzyme ya AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ntchito yomwe imayendetsedwanso ndi phosphorylation.

Phosphorylation ya AMPK imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha michere iwiri:

Dephosphorylation ya HMGR, ndikubwezeretsanso ku malo omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri, amachitidwa kudzera mu zochita za mapuloteni a banja la 2A. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muwongolere kupanga kwa HDL.

Zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa cholesterol?

Ntchito PP2A ilipo m'mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana isoforms yokhala ndi mitundu iwiri yotchulidwa PPP2CA ndi PPP2CB. Ma isoforms awiri akuluakulu a PP2A ndi heterodimeric core enzyme ndi heterotrimeric holoenzyme.

PP2A yayikulu yokhala ndi gawo laling'ono (lomwe poyambirira limatchedwa A subunit) ndi chothandizira (C subunit). Mathandizowa othandizira í amalembeka ndi jini la PPP2CA, ndipo chothandizira cha β subunit chakhazikitsidwa ndi mtundu wa PPP2CB.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa í scaffold kumakhazikitsidwa ndi jini la PPP2R1A ndi β kugonjera kwa jini la PPP2R1B. Enzyme yayikulu, PP2A, imalumikizana ndi subunit yoyendetsera yosunthika kuti ikasonkhane mu holoenzyme.

Magawo olamulira a PP2A amaphatikizapo mabanja anayi (omwe poyamba amatchedwa B-subunits), lirilonse lomwe lili ndi ma isoform angapo omwe amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Pakadali pano pali mitundu 15 yosiyanasiyana yoyang'anira mtundu wa PP2A B. Ntchito yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito ma PP2A ndikuwunika mapuloteni a phosphorylated substrate kuntchito ya phosphatase yamphamvu yothandizira ya PP2A.

PPP2R ndi amodzi mwa magawo 15 osiyanasiyana oyendetsera PP2A. Ma mahormone monga glucagon ndi adrenaline amakhudzanso cholesterol biosynthesis powonjezera zochitika zina zapadera za PP2A michere ya banja.

PKA-mediated phosphorylation ya regunit yovomerezeka ya PP2A (PPP2R) imatsogolera kutulutsidwa kwa PP2A kuchokera ku HMGR, kuletsa dephosphorylation yake. Mwa kuthana ndi zovuta za glucagon ndi adrenaline, insulin imalimbikitsa kuchotsedwa kwa ma phosphates ndipo potero amawonjezera ntchito ya HMGR.

Kuwongolera kowonjezera kwa HMGR kumachitika kudzera poletsa mayankho ndi cholesterol, komanso kuyang'anira kaphatikizidwe kake poonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya intracellular ndi sterol.

Chochitika chotsirizachi chikugwirizana ndi cholembedwa china SREBP.

Kodi machitidwe ali bwanji mthupi la munthu?

Ntchito za HMGR zimayang'aniridwa mwakuwonetsa ndi siginecha ndi AMP. Kukula kwa cAMP kumayendetsa protein yodalira cAMP, PKA. Potengera malamulo a HMGR, PKA phosphorylates subunit yotsogolera, yomwe imatsogolera pakuwonjezeka kwa PP2A kuchokera ku HMGR. Izi zimalepheretsa PP2A kuchotsa ma phosphates ku HMGR, kupewa kutenganso.

Banja lalikulu la mapuloteni othandizira phosphatase amagonjera amawongolera ndi / kapena amalepheretsa zochitika zama phosphatase ambiri, kuphatikizapo mamembala a PP1, PP2A, ndi mabanja a PP2C. Kuphatikiza pa ma PP2A phosphatases omwe amachotsa ma phosphates ku AMPK ndi HMGR, ma phosphatase a protein phosphatase 2C banja (PP2C) amachotsanso ma phosphates ku AMPK.

Maulamulowa akagonjera phosphorylate PKA, ntchito ya ma phosphatases omangidwa amachepa, zimapangitsa AMPK yotsalira mu boma la phosphorylated komanso yogwira, ndi HMGR mu phosphorylated komanso yogwira ntchito. Pamene kukondoweza kumachotsedwa, kutsogoza kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa cAMP, mulingo wa phosphorylation umachepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa dephosphorylation kumakulanso. Zotsatira zomaliza ndikubwerera pamwambamwamba pazinthu za HMGR. Komabe, insulin imayambitsa kuchepa kwa cAMP, yomwe, imayambitsa kuphatikizika. Zotsatira zomaliza ndikubwerera pamwambamwamba pazinthu za HMGR.

Komabe, insulin imayambitsa kuchepa kwa cAMP, pomwe, imayambitsa kuphatikiza cholesterol. Zotsatira zomaliza ndikubwerera pamwambamwamba pazinthu za HMGR. Insulin imabweretsa kuchepa kwa cAMP, yomwe, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kapangidwe kake.

Kuthekera kolimbikitsa insulin komanso kuletsa glucagon, ntchito ya HMGR imagwirizana ndi kutengera kwa mahomoni awa pamachitidwe ena a metabolic metabolic. Ntchito yayikulu yamahomoni awiri awa ndikuwongolera kupezeka ndi kutumizira mphamvu kumaselo onse.

Kuwunika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa ntchito ya HMGR kumachitika makamaka ndikuwongolera kaphatikizidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa enzyme. Mafuta a cholesterol akakhala apamwamba, kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a HMGR kumachepa, komanso, magulu otsika amayambitsa kutengera kwa jini.

Zambiri pa cholesterol zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Kodi nchiyani chomwe chimapanga mfundo yopanga mamolekyulu a cholesterol?

Zakudya zambiri zimadzaza thupi ndi cholesterol - izi ndi zinthu zomwe zidachokera ku nyama, komanso mafuta a trans, omwe amapezeka pamitundu yambiri muzakudya zomwe zimapangidwa, komanso muzakudya (zofulumira).

Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthuzi, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa ma molekyulu a cholesterol m'magazi kukwera kwambiri ndipo mudzayenera kupeza njira yachipatala yokhudza hypercholesterolemia.

Cholesterol, yomwe imalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamomwe kamayambira, komwe kumayambitsa kuyikika kwa cholesterol pamtanda wamkati wamitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimakwiyitsa kukula kwa cholesterol plaque ndi matenda a atherosulinosis.

Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol index m'mwazi kumachitika osati chifukwa kumachokera kunja, komanso chifukwa chophwanya njira yopanga mamolekyu a lipoprotein ndi maselo a chiwindi.

Cholesterol kaphatikizidwe ku nkhani zake ↑

Kaphatikizidwe wa cholesterol m'chiwindi

Kuphatikizika kwa cholesterol m'thupi ndi pafupifupi 0,50-0.80 magalamu patsiku.

Mapangidwe a mamolekyulu a cholesterol m'thupi amagawidwa:

• 50.0% amapangidwa ndi ma cell a chiwindi,
• 15,0% - 20.0% - ndi madipatimenti am'matumbo aang'ono,
• 10,0% - amapangidwa ndi adrenal cortex ndi khungu lakhungu.

Maselo onse mthupi la munthu amatha kuphatikiza lipoproteins.

Ndi chakudya, mpaka 20,0% ya cholesterol yonse yomwe imalowa m'thupi - pafupifupi 040 magalamu patsiku.

Lipoprotein amawachotsa kunja kwa thupi mothandizidwa ndi bile, ndipo patsiku kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mamolekyulu a cholesterol ndi bile sikupitilira 1.0 magalamu.

The biosynthesis of lipoproteins m'thupi

The biosynthesis ya lipid mamolekyulu amapezeka mu endoplasmic department - reticulum. Chomwe chimapangira ma atomu onse a mamolekyulu a carbon ndi zinthu acetyl-SCoA, zomwe zimalowa mu endoplasm kuchokera ku mitochondria mu mamolekyulu a macrate.

Panthawi ya biosynthesis ya mamolekyu a lipoprotein, mamolekyulu 18 a ATP amatenga nawo gawo, ndipo mamolekyulu 13 a NADPH amatenga nawo gawo pazomwe amaphatikizidwa.

Kupanga kwa cholesterol kumadutsa osachepera 30 magawo ndi zimachitika m'thupi.

Mapangidwe a lipoproteins omwe adagawidwa amatha kugawidwa m'magulu:

Ikani yogwira mwachangu - shuga msuzi

• Kuphatikizika kwa mevalonic acid kumachitika nthawi ya ketogenesis pazinthu ziwiri zoyambirira, ndipo gawo lachitatu, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-ScoA imakumana ndi molekyulu ya HMG-ScoA reductase. Kuchokera pamenepa, Mevalonate amapangidwa. Izi zimafunikira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Mutha kupanga izi mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zotsekemera ndi phala,
• Kuphatikizika kwa isopentenyl diphosphate kumachitika pambuyo pakuphatikizidwa kwa phosphate ku mamolekyulu a mevalonic acid ndi kuchepa kwa madzi,
• Kuphatikizika kwa farnesyl diphosphate kumachitika pambuyo pakuphatikizana ndi mamolekyulu atatu a isopentenyl diphosphate,
• Squalene kaphatikizidwe ndikumangiriza mamolekyulu 2 a farnesyl diphosphate,
• Zomwe zimachitika pakasinthidwe ka squalene kupita ku molekyulu ya lanosterol imachitika,
• Pambuyo pochotsedwa pamagulu osafunikira a methyl, cholesterol imasinthidwa.

Kukuwongolera kapangidwe ka lipoproteins

Choyang'anira pazomwe zimapangidwira ndi enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-ScoA reductase. Kutha kwa puloteni iyi kusintha ntchito ndi zopitilira 100.

Kuongolera kwa ntchito ya enzyme kumachitika molingana ndi mfundo zingapo:

• Malangizo a synthesis pa metabolic level. Mfundozi zimagwira "kuchokera kumbali ina", enzyme imalepheretsedwa ndi cholesterol, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi zinthu zowonjezera nthawi zonse,
• Covalent mahomoni malamulo.

Malangizo pa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni amachitika pazotsatira zotsatirazi:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa insulin ya mahomoni m'thupi kumapangitsa kuti phosphatase ipangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yayikulu ya HMG-ScoA ichulukenso,
• Glucagon wa mahomoni ndi adrenaline wa mahomoni amatha kuyambitsa gawo la mapuloteni kinase A, omwe amachititsa phokoso laling'ono la HMG-ScoA ndikuchepetsa ntchito yawo,
• Zochita za cholesterol synthesis zimatengera kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni apadera m'magazi, omwe amamangiriza panthawi yake metabolites.

Mafuta m'thupi

Cholesterol chopangidwa m'maselo a chiwindi ndizofunikira kwa thupi pazinthu zofunika kwambiri:

• Wokhala mu membrane aliyense wamaselo, mamolekyulu a cholesterol amawalimbikitsa ndi kuwapanga odikirira,
• Mothandizidwa ndi lipoproteins, ma cell a choroid amawonjezera kupezeka kwawo, komwe kumawateteza ku zisonkhezero zakunja,
• Popanda kuthandizidwa ndi lipoproteins, ma grenal adrenal satulutsa mtundu wa mahomoni a kugonana,
• Kugwiritsa ntchito lipids, kupanga bile acid kumachitika ndipo kumalepheretsa ndulu kuti isamatulutse miyala.
• Lipoproteins imamangiriza pamodzi ma cell a neuron mu chingwe cha msana ndi muubongo,
• Mothandizidwa ndi lipoproteins, mtambo wa ulusi wamitsempha umalimbitsidwa,
• Mothandizidwa ndi cholesterol, kupanga vitamini D kumachitika, komwe kumathandiza kuyamwa calcium ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya mafupa.

Cholesterol imathandizira kuti tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri:

• Gulu la Corticosteroid
• Gulu la mahomoni a Glucocorticoid,
• Gulu la mineralocorticoids.

Ma mahormonewa amapereka njira zamagulu amachitidwe a ziwalo zoberekera za anthu.

Mamolekyu a cholesterol pambuyo pakuphatikizika kwa maselo a chiwindi amalowa mu endocrine gland ya adrenal gland ndikuthandizira pakupanga mahomoni komanso kusasamala mu gawo la mahomoni.

Kupanga kwa mamolekyulu a Vitamini D mthupi

Kupanga mamolekyulu a Vitamini D amachokera ku dzuwa, lomwe limalowa mu cholesterol pansi pa khungu. Pakadali pano, kapangidwe ka vitamini D amapezeka, kofunikira kwambiri kuti thupi lizitha kuyamwa calcium.

Mitundu yonse ya lipoproteins, pambuyo pa kaphatikizidwe, imasamutsidwa kudzera mthupi kudzera m'magazi.

Vitamini D imatha kusinthidwa kokha ndi ma lipoprotein okwera kwambiri, ndipo ma lipids otsika kwambiri omwe amachititsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis matenda, chifukwa ali ndi mwayi wokhazikika pamatumbo amkati mwa mitsempha yama cholesterol, omwe amakula ndikuyambitsa matenda awa.

Nthawi zina cholesterol zolembera zimatha kuonedwa mwa anthu pansi pa khungu m'manja.

Vitamini D Metabolism ku nkhani zake ↑

Zosokoneza mu kapangidwe ka lipoproteins

M'machitidwe ambiri a metabolic m'thupi, kulephera ndi kusokonezeka zimatha kuchitika. Mavuto oterewa amatha kuchitika m'mapiritsi a lipid. Pali zifukwa zambiri ndipo ali ndi etiology yakale komanso yachipembedzo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a lipoprotein synthesis monga:

• Zaka za munthu. Pambuyo pa zaka 40 m'thupi laumunthu, kupanga kwa mahomoni ogonana ndi mahomoni amakumbukika, ndipo pofika zaka 45 - 50, njira zonse za metabolic zimayamba kuchepa, zomwe zingayambenso kuwonongeka kwa lipid metabolism,
• Jenda - Amuna amakonda kwambiri kudziwika kwa cholesterol kuposa azimayi. Amayi asanasiye kusamba ndi kusintha kwa thupi amatetezedwa ndi kupangika kwa mahomoni ogonana, pakuchulukana kwa lipoproteins,
• Kubadwa kwa chibadwa. Kukula kwa mabanja hypercholesterolemia.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa lipid zimaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimadalira moyo wa wodwalayo, komanso ma pathologies omwe amagwirizana omwe amathandizira kuphwanya kapangidwe ka mamolekyulu a cholesterol:

• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Nikotine,
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Zakudya zopanda pake zimatha kuyambitsa cholesterol m'thupi ndi kuchuluka kwake m'magazi okha,
• Kukhala moyo wongokhala kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kapoprotein
• Hypertension - kuthamanga kwa magazi m'magazi kumapereka zofunikira kuti ziwalo zam'mimba ziwonongeke ndi mafuta a lipid, omwe pambuyo pake amapanga cholesterol plaque,
• Dyslipidemia ndi vuto la lipid metabolism. Ndi pathology, kusagwirizana kumachitika pakati pa VP lipoproteins, NP lipids, komanso mulingo wa triglycerides m'magazi,
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Matenda a shuga. Ndi hyperglycemia, metabolism ndi lipid metabolism amasokonezeka.

Kuperewera m'thupi la mamolekyulu opindulitsa a cholesterol

Pali ma pathologies omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol chachikulu m'magazi chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka mamolekyulu a HDL.

Izi zimatha kuyambitsa matenda mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, zimatha kukhudza kwambiri shuga m'magazi ndikuyambitsa matenda a shuga, komanso zimayambitsa matenda ambiri am'magazi komanso mtima.

Zotsatira za kuchepa kwambiri kwa cholesterol yayikulu ingakhale:

• The matenda a rickets, omwe amakula ubwana chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kaphatikizidwe wa vitamini D ndi kugaya kwa calcium mamolekyulu,
• Kukalamba koyambirira kwa maselo amthupi. Popanda kupezeka kwa cholesterol munthawi yake, zimawonongeka ndipo ukalamba umayamba,
• Kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mamolekyulu a cholesterol, ndi lipid metabolism,
• Kulimbitsa minofu minofu chifukwa chosowa lipid minofu maselo,
• Ululu mumtima mwanu womwe ungayambitse vuto la mtima.

Mutha kuwongolera cholesterol yayikulu kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nsomba zam'nyanja, mafuta amitundu yamafuta, komanso zinthu zamkaka.

Ndipo musaiwale zipatso zatsopano, zitsamba ndi masamba - ziyenera kupitilira pakudya.