Udindo wa cholesterol m'thupi

1. Kuphatikizidwa ndi ma membrane onse a cell ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ulemu wawo wamadzimadzi.

2. Ntchito chiwindi kuphatikiza ndulu ya asidi.

3. Pakhungu mothandizidwa ndi ultraviolet, vitamini D amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo.

4. M'magazi a endocrine amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza kwama mahomoni a steroid (kugonana, mineralocorticosteroids, glucocorticosteroids).

Magulu a lipoproteins:

ma chylomicrons (XM) muli mapuloteni 1% ndi 99% lipids. Awa ndi maopoprotein a hydrophobic kwambiri, okhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepa kwambiri, alibe kuyendera kwa electrophoretic. Amapanga khoma lamatumbo. Ndiwo njira yayikulu yotumizira chakudya cham'madzi. Izi ndizambiri zazikulu. Zimatha kuchokera m'magazi patatha maola 5 kudya. Zimapangidwa ndi lipoprotein lipase.

chisanadzeβ-lipoproteins (kapena VLDL). Muli ndi mapuloteni 10%, lipids 90%. Amapangidwa m'chiwindi ndipo ndi ochepa kwambiri - mu jejunum, omwe ali mawonekedwe amtundu wa lipids amkati kuti adipose minofu. Zomwe sizilowa mu adipose minofu imasandulika kukhala otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins (LDL), olemera mu cholesterol esters. Kusintha uku kumathandizidwa ndi lipoprotein lipase.

β-lipoproteins (LDL). Muli pafupifupi 25% mapuloteni ndi 75% lipids. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi cholesterol (pafupifupi 50%) mwanjira ya esters ndi linoleic acid ndi phospholipids. Mwa anthu athanzi, mpaka 2/3 ya mafuta onse a m'magazi ali ku LDL. Iwo ndi omwe amapereka kwambiri mafuta ambiri m'thupi lathu. LDL amawongolera de novo cholesterol synthesis. Ambiri a LDL ndi zinthu zomwe zidasokoneza VPLLP ndi lipoprotein lipase. Ma membrane am'mimba ali ndi ma LDL receptors. M'maselo a LDL amalowa ndi endocytosis.

α-lipoproteins (HDL) muli mapuloteni 50%, 25% phospholipids, 20% cholesterol esters ndi ochepa kwambiri pracylglycerols. Amapangidwa makamaka m'chiwindi. Fomu ya HDL imasintha ndi enzyme lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LHAT). Ndi puloteni iyi, cholesterol yaulere ya HDL imasinthidwa kukhala ether (cholesteride). Cholesteride ndi hydrophobic ponseponse, motero, imasunthira kumunsi kwa HDL. Gwero la mafuta achilengedwe pakuphatikizika kwa cholesterol ndi lecithin (phosphatidylcholine). Chifukwa chake, HDL, chifukwa cha LHAT, imachotsa cholesterol ku lipoprotein ina ndikuyiyendetsa ku chiwindi, kuletsa kuchuluka kwayo m'maselo. VLDL ndi LDL amaonedwa kuti ndi atherogenic, ndiye kuti, amayambitsa atherosclerosis. HDL cholesterol

Ma lipoprotein m'magazi amapezeka nthawi zonse, koma kuphatikiza kwawo kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zakudya. Mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins kumadzuka, mpaka kumatha maola 4-5. Pambuyo pa maola 10-12, palibe ChM m'magazi a anthu athanzi, VLDL (15%), LDL (60%), HDL (25%) amapezeka. Kuwonjezeka kwa lipoproteins kumatchedwa hyperlipoproteinemia. Choopsa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti zimawonjezera mwayi wa atherosulinosis. Kuopsa kwa matendawa ndikokwera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa LDL ku HDL m'magazi.

Kodi cholesterol mthupi la munthu ndi chiyani?

Gawoli limachita bwino komanso molakwika, kutengera kuchuluka kwake. Cholesterol imapezeka kumitundu komanso ubongo. Zimathandizanso kupanga vitamini D, yemwe amayang'anira kagayidwe kazinthu.

Ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwa zinthuzi, tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri tambiri, komanso kupanga ma estrogen ndi androgen, mahomoni achimuna ndi amuna wamwamuna kumakulitsidwa kumaliseche.

Mukakhala pachiwindi, cholesterol imasinthidwa kukhala bile acid, yomwe imagaya mafuta. Imakhalanso ngati chida chomanga chamakhoma a maselo, chimapangitsa kuti chikhale cholimba komanso chodalirana. Ndi zinthu zochepa, amayi apakati amakhala ndi nthawi yobereka asanabadwe.

Kuposa 80 peresenti ya chinthucho chimapangidwa ndi chiwindi komanso matumbo ochepa, zotsalazo zimachokera ku nyama zakunja, mafuta, batala, mazira a nkhuku.

Akatswiri azakudya amalimbikitsa kuti azikhala ndi cholesterol yambiri ya 0,3 ga patsiku, wofanana ndi lita imodzi ya mkaka. M'moyo wamba, munthu amadya zambiri za zinthuzi, zomwe zimawononga thanzi.

Mitundu ya Cholesterol

Cholesterol ndi chopopera cha mafuta, chokhala ngati mafuta chomwe chimakhala ndi timimba tomwe timakhala ndi chamoyo chilichonse. Kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwa chinthu kumawonedwa mu ubongo ndi chiwindi.

Ziwalo zamkati zimatha, ngati nkofunikira, kudzipangira chinthu palokha. Kuphatikiza apo, amalowa mthupi kudzera mu zakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Mwanjira imeneyi, cholesterol imalowa kwambiri m'matumbo ndipo sangathe kusakanikirana ndi magazi. Chifukwa chake, kuyendetsa kudzera mu hematopoietic dongosolo kumachitika ngati ma lipoproteins, mkati mwake okhala ndi lipids, ndipo atakulungidwa ndi mapuloteni kunja. Zinthu zotere ndi zamitundu iwiri:

Cholesterol yabwino imaphatikizanso lipoproteins yapamwamba kapena HDL. Amaletsa matenda amtima, samalola kuti magazi azitsekera, chifukwa amatengera zinthu zowopsa m'chiwindi, komwe amadziwika kuti cholesterol yoyipa ndikuyichotsa.
Cholesterol yoyipa imakhala ndi lipoproteins yotsika kapena LDL, imakhala ndi maselo osinthika, chifukwa amadziunjikira monga mapangidwe a atherosranceotic, kutsekeka kwa mitsempha, kuyambitsa matenda amtima, komanso kupweteka kwa mtima komanso kugunda kwa mtima.

Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi magawo oyenera a zinthu zonse ziwiri. Kuti muwonetsetse zomwe zikuwonetsa, wodwalayo amayenera kukayezetsa magazi pafupipafupi ndi kukayezetsa.

Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakakhala kuti pakupezeka matenda a shuga, ngati njira yapadera yochiritsira ikufunika.

Zachilengedwe udindo wa cholesterol

Cholesterol ndiye gawo lalikulu la khoma la khungu. Monga simenti, lipid imagwirizira ma phospholipids kuteteza zomwe zili mu khungu.

Thupi limayang'anira kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni a adrenal, komanso limatenga nawo mbali popanga bile, kutseguka kwa vitamini D. Cholesterol kumateteza maselo ofiira amthupi ku zowonongeka za poizoni, poizoni.

Cholesterol siisungunuka m'madzi, yomwe siyilola kuti inyamulidwe kupita ndi minofu yaying'ono. Mapuloteni onyamula amayenda m'magazi, omwe amalanda mamolekyu a cholesterol, kenako ndikupereka komwe akupita. Maofesiwo amatchedwa lipoproteins.

Pali zigawo zingapo zazikulu:

otsika a lipoproteins (LDL), (VLDL) - tizigawo tochepera tambiri tokhala ndi lipid yambiri, ndimanyamula zinthuzo m'matumba,
highensens lip liprrinsins (HDL) - kulemera kwakukulu kwamankhwala ocheperako omwe amakhala ndi mafuta ochepa, kubwezeretsanso zinthu ku chiwindi kuti kukonzedwe.

Cholesterol biosynthesis

Cholesterol imapangidwa m'chiwindi cha munthu pogwiritsa ntchito michere yapadera. Biosynthesis yake ndi "njira yoyambira" yopangira mahomoni, mavitamini osungunuka a mafuta.

Ikuyamba kupanga cholesterol enzyme HMG reductase. Malangizo a kaphatikizidwe kake amachitika motsatira malingaliro oyipa. Ngati cholesterol ikupitilira zomwe zimakhazikika, kuchuluka kwa HMG reductase kumachepa, ndipo kupanga lipid kumayima. Ma chylomicron olemera kwambiri amalepheretsanso kupanga mafuta a cholesterol.

Kukula kwa kaphatikizidwe kamasiyana kumasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi. Koma pali kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa kudya kwamafuta kuchokera pachakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa milomo ya magazi. Pafupifupi 1000 mg ya cholesterol imapangidwa patsiku. Atakwaniritsa udindo wake wachilengedwe, thunthu limatuluka m'thupi mwachilengedwe.

Mavuto amabuka pamene kuchuluka kwa mafuta komwe kumadutsa kupitirira mtengo wololedwa kapena kapangidwe ka chiwindi kumasokonekera. Lipids zowonjezera zimayikidwa pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi. Ndi kudziunjikira kokwanira, cholesterol plaques amapangitsa kuti achepetse lumen ya chiwiya, ndikupangitsa kusintha kwakukulu.

Malo osungirako mafuta a cholesterol "amasungidwa" muzinthu zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mpaka 10% amawaika pazenera za mitsempha.

Ubale wa matenda a chiwindi ndi cholesterol

Kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka chiwindi kumayambitsa kuphwanya kapangidwe ka cholesterol. Njira zotupa zosinthika zimasintha kapangidwe ka ziwalozo, ndikupanga fibrosis. Nthawi zambiri kusintha kwa sclerotic kumachitika chifukwa cha viral kapena uchidakwa hepatitis.

Zomwe zimachitika ndi lipids ngati chiwindi chimasiya kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi:

hepatocytes si njira zopangira bile acids okwanira,
mulingo wama lipoproteins otsika kwambiri.
kusintha kwa magazi m'thupi: kusintha kwamitsempha yamagazi kumawonjezeka, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha thrombosis,
lipoproteins kukhazikika pa endothelium, ndikupanga zolembera,
Kuwala kwa chotengera kumachepa
atherosulinosis imayamba ndi zotsatira zake zonse.

Kusasinthika kwa bile kumakulitsa fibrosis. Holesterol yomwe imalowerera imalimba, ndikupanga miyala yayikulu.

Kuvulala kwa sterol yokwera

Kuphwanya kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa lipids ku chiwindi kumathandizira kuti ziwonekere pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi. Mawonetsero akulu ndi atherosulinosis. Chiwindi chimatulutsa cholesterol yambiri, yomwe imakwiyitsa masinthidwe angapo a pathological:

Crystallization ya khungu khoma: nembanemba imadziunjikira cholesterol yambiri, imakhala yolimba, yopanda michere, ma cell a nthawi yake isanakwane, imataya ntchito.
Serum lipids "chovala" chiwindi, kapamba, kutseka zotumphukira. Kusintha kwamafuta kwamaselo kumachitika. Odwala amapanga kulephera kwa chiwindi, enzyme pancreatopathy.

Matenda a chiwindi ndi cholesterol yambiri amapanga bwalo loipa. Matenda amodzi amalimbitsa ziwonetsero za wina komanso mosemphanitsa.

Mitundu ya cholesterol, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase

Zizindikiro izi ndizogwirizana kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa bilirubin kumawonetsa kutupa kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ya michere ya chiwindi kukuwonetsa ma virus a matenda. Alkaline phosphatase imachulukitsa ngati bile duct itatseka, ndipo mitundu ya cholestasis m'chiwindi.

Mafuta a cholesterol sayenera kupitirira 5.2 mmol / L,
LDL mpaka 4,12 mmol / L, VLDL mpaka 3 mmol / L,
Mulingo wa HDL mwa akazi uyenera kukhala osachepera 1.15 (kwakukulu kuposa 1.68), ndipo mwa amuna opitilira 0.9 (kwakukulu kuposa 1.45),
Bilirubin yathunthu mwa akulu imafika 21, molunjika - mpaka 5, osalunjika - 75% yonse,
Alkaline phosphatase mwa akazi ndi 35-104, ndipo mwa amuna 40-129.

Momwe mungasungire cholesterol yanu yabwino

Kuteteza matenda a lipid kukhala ofanana, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa chiwindi. Odwala amapatsidwa mkaka ndi zakudya zamasamba. Pectins, ulusi wopezeka mumasamba, umalimbikitsa peristalsis. Ndime yamkati yamatumbo imathandizira ndikupanga zinthu zoyipa za metabolic. Zopangira mkaka ndizachilengedwe za detox. Mapuloteni okhala ndi zakumwa za mkaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwachilengedwe.

Ndikofunika kutikita minofu yoyenera ya hypochondrium. Kuyambitsa khungu kumayambitsa magazi kuyenda, komwe kumathandizira kuyeretsa chiwindi. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimatsitsa thupi, zimathandizira kutuluka kwa ndulu.

Acupuncture, amatha kutikita minofu kumathandizanso kukonza ntchito ya contractile ya ndulu.

Ngati mankhwalawa sagwira ntchito, odwala amapatsidwa mankhwala. Opaleshoni ndiyothandiza. Ndi chiwindi cirrhosis, chogulitsa chiwalo chimachitidwa.

Zinthu zomwe zidakonzedwa ndi olemba polojekitiyi
malingana ndi ndondomeko yakusinthaku.

Zabwino zopindulitsa thupi la munthu

Mu thupi la munthu mulibe chilichonse chowoneka bwino kuchokera kubadwa. Ndipo ngakhale chilengedwe chikapangika chonchi, ndiye kuti izi ndi zoyenera kuchita ndipo zopindulitsa zake ndizofunikira kwambiri:

Ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe njira zamankhwala amuzolengedwa zimachitikira: ma asidi a bile amapangidwa m'chiwindi. Amathandizira pokonza ndi kugaya zakudya zamafuta.
Udindo wofunikira kwambiri wa cholesterol pakulimbitsa ziwalo zam'mimba zilizonse. Monga cholesterol imapereka mphamvu zawo, kuuma ndi kusakhazikika.
Mu thupi la akazi, estradiol imapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo - mahomoni ogonana omwe amayang'anira ntchito yobereka, kubereka mwana, thanzi la amayi komanso kukongola. Mkaka wa m'mawere umakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri sikuloledwa pakanthawi kosiya kubereka, chifukwa mafuta amthupi amachepa limodzi ndi mafuta, omwe angapangitse kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa estradiol. Zotsatira zake, ziwiya zotsekedwa, tsitsi lophweka, misomali, mafupa otupa ndi mafupa.
Popanda iwo, kapangidwe ka vitamini D, mahomoni a adrenal glands, mahomoni ogonana sangachite.
Ndi imodzi mwamagawo a maselo a msana ndi ubongo.
Imasunga madzi mu maselo ndikuchotsa michere kudzera m'matumbo am'mimba.

Mlingo wa cholesterol mwa munthu wathanzi umasungidwa pamtengo wokhazikika chifukwa cha metabolic process chamoyo. Nthawi yomweyo, cholesterol chotchedwa chakudya chimabwera ndi chakudya, ndipo mthupi mwake zochuluka zimapangidwa kuchokera kumafuta ndi chakudya.

Mchitidwe watsiku ndi tsiku wa cholesterol (0,6 g), woperekedwa ndi chakudya, samakhudza mulingo m'magazi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake pamwambapa kungakhudze zizindikiro zamankhwala, makamaka zovuta zam'mthupi.

Vuto lamitsempha yamagazi

Ngati metabolism imalephera, kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri kumawonjezeka, motero, kuchuluka kwa HDL kumatsitsidwanso, komwe kumapangitsa kuti kudziwika kochuluka kwa cholesterol mu ziwiya ndikupanga mapangidwe a atherosranceotic. Vutoli limayambitsa mtima. Mapilala amachepetsa kukula kwa makoma otupa ndipo, kudzikundikira, kuchepetsa chilolezo ndi kuvala patency.

Kukula kwa pang'onopang'ono kwa mapepala kumabweretsa kupangika kwa magazi omwe amatchinga magazi kutchinga ndi mitsempha yayikulu, ziwiya, ndi msempha. Matendawa amatchedwa thromboembolism, ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira kulowererapo kwa madokotala odziwika bwino.

Makampani othandizira a lipoprotein ku thupi

Zakudya zopanda pake zimakwiyitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, kusakhazikika kwake komanso makonzedwe ake. Nyama ya nkhumba ndi nyama yapa ng'ombe, mankhwala a soseji osuta ndi mkaka: batala, kirimu wowawasa, kirimu imakhala ndi chiwopsezo chochuluka.

M'malo mwa mafuta a nyama, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osapsa omwe amakhala ndi lecithin komanso amachepetsa cholesterol yoyipa.

Zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira kuti ukhale ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi

Ngati mumadya zakudya zamafuta ambiri, sizivulaza thupi ndipo sizoyambitsa mavuto. Akuluakulu aliyense amasankha zovala zomwe akufuna.

Komabe, munthu sayenera kunyalanyaza malangizo a akatswiri odyera:

Nsomba zofiira ndi nsomba zam'nyanja,
Nyama yam'mafuta yochepa ndi ng'ombe,
Nkhuku ndi nkhuku (zopanda khungu),
Madzi opukusa kumene
Bowa
Porridge ndi casserole kuchokera ku mbewu
Masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso.

Cholesterol m'thupi la munthu imachita mbali yofunika poteteza maselo ndikupereka njira zofunika. Komabe, mulingo wake wamagazi umafunika kuwunikira nthawi zonse, makamaka ndi zaka. Ndi kuchuluka kwake, muyenera kuganizira zakukonzanso zakudya, kadyedwe, kusintha kakhalidwe ndi malingaliro abwezeretsedwe.

Cholesterol yayikulu

Monga lamulo, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu m'magazi, munthu saona kusintha, motero sathamangira kukayezetsa ndi kulandira chithandizo. Komabe, sterol yapamwamba imayambitsa matenda omwe amagwirizana ndi mitsempha ya m'mitsempha.

Milomo ya lipid ikatseka mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imadyetsa ubongo, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi stroke. Ngati mitsempha yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima yatsekeka, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima.

Mitundu ya cholesterol imasiyanasiyana, kutengera zakudya zomwe mwasankha. Koma ichi sichomwe chikuwonetsa kwambiri zaumoyo, ngakhale kusapezeka kwa zakudya zamafuta, mowa ndi zakudya zamchere kumatha kuchepetsa ngozi. Anthu osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale atatsata zomwezo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa majini kapena kubadwa kwa Hypercholesterolemia.

Pofuna kupewa matenda a atherosclerosis, kugunda kwa mtima komanso zovuta zina, muyenera kupenda zomwe mumadya, kupatula zakudya zamafuta ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri m'menyu.

Kuchulukitsa thupi kumakhalanso chifukwa chophwanya, koma vutoli litha kuthetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga, chiwindi ndi impso, polycystic ovary, kusokonekera kwa mahomoni mwa akazi, kusowa kwa chithokomiro kumawonjezeka.

Maonekedwe a atherosclerotic plaque m'mitsempha yamagazi amagwirizana ndi chibadwa, kumayambiriro kwa kusintha kwa msambo kwa akazi. Matenda achifwamba amafala kwambiri mwa amuna, ndipo anthu achikulire nthawi zambiri amakumananso ndi vuto lofananalo.

Ngati munthu awulula zinthu ziwiri, muyenera kuda nkhawa zaumoyo wanu ndikusintha moyo wabwino.

Ngati ndi kotheka, dokotalayo atha kukulemberani chithandizo ndi ma anabolic othandizira, corticosteroids, progestins.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kusintha kwa Cholesterol

Ndi chakudya choyenera, munthu amalandira pafupifupi 0,3-0,5 gramu ya cholesterol kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a nyama ndi chakudya. Ngati kupindika kwake kumawonjezeka kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya magazi kumatha kuchuluka. Ndipo ndi iyo chiwopsezo cha zotsatira zowopsa chidzakulira.

Komabe, pazokwanira zonsezo, 20% yokha imachokera ku chakudya. Asayansi adazindikira kuti pakati pa anthu omwe zakudya zawo zimakhala zambiri m'mbale, mafuta a cholesterol nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi chofunikira kwambiri. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta a cholesterol, thupi limagwirizana ndi zochitika zakunja ndikuchepetsa zake zomwe zimapanga chinthuchi.

Chifukwa chake, matenda osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amayambitsa hypercholesterolemia:

matenda ashuga
hypothyroidism - kuchepa kwa chithokomiro,
matenda a impso - glomerulonephritis kapena kulephera kwaimpso,
pafupifupi matenda onse a chiwindi
matenda a kapamba - nthawi zambiri ndimatenda a ndulu.

Komanso, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chinthuchi kumayambitsa kusuta komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za Hypercholesterolemia

Hypercholesterolemia palokha siyambitsa mkwiyo uliwonse. Koma popeza cholesterol imachita mbali yofunika kwambiri yamankhwala am'magazi, imatha kudziwonetsa yokha mwa mawonekedwe a matenda a mtima, mantha, endocrine ndi machitidwe ena a thupi.

Chifukwa chake, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndi:

mutu
tachycardia,
kupuma movutikira
ntchentche m'maso
kupanda chidwi ndi kugona,
masomphenya osalala
thukuta kwambiri
nkhope yamaso
kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ma pathologies, chithunzi chachipatala chomwe chimaphatikizapo zizindikiro zomwe zafotokozedwazo, zitha kukhala zotsatirapo za cholesterol yayikulu komanso zomwe zimayambitsa.

Zizindikiro

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuyesedwa kuchitidwe kuti mudziwe cholesterol kamodzi pachaka, kuyambira zaka 25. Mutha kudziwa zomwe zikuwonetsa mukamawunikira zamankhwala am'mwazi, koma yankho lolondola kwambiri lingapezeke mu mbiri ya lipid.

Choyamba, chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol mwachindunji, yomwe imakonda kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 3.9-5.2 mmol / L. Ngati chisonyezo chikukwera kufika pa 6.5 mmol / L, Hypercholesterolemia yaying'ono ikupezeka, kuphatikizidwa mkati mwa 7.8 mmol / L kumawonetsa mawonekedwe, ndipo chilichonse pamwamba pa mtengowu chimalowa m'gulu la hypercholesterolemia yayikulu.

Kachiwiri, mbiri ya lipid imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma triglycerides ambiri. Mwa amuna, monga lamulo, pali zochulukira za izo: mpaka 3,7 mmol / L, mwa akazi - mkati mwa 3 mmol / L.

Kuwerengera kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba komanso yotsika kumalingaliridwanso. Nthawi zambiri, azimayi ayenera kukhala ndi 1.9-4.5 mmol / L highensens lipoproteins, ndi 0.8-2.8 mmol / L otsika. Mwa amuna, zoyambira ndi 2.2-4.8 mmol / L ndi 0,7-1.7 mmol / L, motsatana. M'mabotolo osiyanasiyana, zikhalidwe zabwino zimatha kusintha pang'ono.

Therapy ya hypercholesterolemia iyenera kuvomerezedwa. Kupanda kutero, chiopsezo cha zotsatira zowopsa, ngakhale imfa, chimawonjezeka kwambiri.

Ngakhale kuti 20%% yokha ya cholesterol imabwera ndi chakudya, ndikofunikira kuti munthu wakumana ndi vuto lotere asinthe zakudya. Ndi kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa zizindikiro, njirayi ikhoza kukhala yothandiza.

Osataya mafuta kwathunthu. Koma kuchuluka kwawo muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku sikuyenera kupitirira 25-30%. Kuti muwerengere bwino chiwerengero chawo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera kapena kujambula zopatsa mphamvu zonse zomwe mumagwiritsa, ndikuwerengera mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu omwe ali m'mawuwo.

Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mafuta azamasamba. Mafuta a nyama amafunika kukhala ochepa, makamaka mafuta a trans, omwe amapezeka muzakudya zachangu, margarine. Pofuna kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe amabwera ndi chakudya m'thupi, muyenera kudya nsomba zambiri zofiira, nsomba zam'nyanja, bowa. Chiwerengero chochepa chololedwa: ng'ombe, mkaka, nkhuku zopanda khungu. Mlingo wokwanira uyenera kuphatikizidwa mumenyu, womwe umapezeka mumbewu, masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso.

Chithandizo chofulumira kwambiri komanso chotchuka kwambiri chamankhwala chimaperekedwa ndi mankhwala kuti achepetse cholesterol yamagazi. Amakhala ndi zotsatila, monga mankhwala aliwonse, koma kukana kumwa mankhwalawa kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa zina. Kuphatikiza apo, pali magulu osiyanasiyana a mankhwalawa, kotero munthu amakhala ndi mwayi wosankha zomwe zingamuyenerere.

Statin ndi gulu lodziwika bwino la mankhwala a hypercholesterolemia. Amachita chifukwa chophwanya cholesterol synthesis mothandizidwa ndi michere yapadera. Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri ya chithandizo, mseru wa chinthucho umatsika ndi 60%, koma pomwe uyimitsidwa, umakwatiranso. Chifukwa chake, mumayenera kumwa mankhwalawo nthawi zonse, ngakhale ndikofunikira kusankha mulingo woyenera. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zakumwa mankhwalawa ndi kuphipha kwa minofu.
Fibates ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa osachulukitsa lipids, chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kwa osalimba a liproproteins amachepetsedwa. Mankhwala ochokera pagululi sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma statins, amakhalanso ndi mndandanda wazotsatira zamavuto, chifukwa machitidwewa samakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Omwe amachokera ku bile acid - mankhwala omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti muchotse cholesterol m'thupi kudzera m'matumbo. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma statins kwambiri hypercholesterolemia, pomwe mphamvu ya ma statins ndi yaying'ono kuti athe kuchotsa wodwala ku gulu lowopsa la atherosulinosis.
Insteritor ya cholesterol ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa mafuta kuti asalowe m'matumbo. M'malo mwake, mankhwalawa amakakamiza munthu kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'zakudya, chifukwa akamamwa mankhwalawa amatuluka kudzera pakatseguka kwa rectal, ndikupangitsa kusasangalala. Mankhwala nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kuti asalole ma statins. Ubwino wawo ndiwothandiza mwachangu, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndikolondola kungachitike pangozi yamatenda a mtima.

Poyerekeza ndi chithandizo cha mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mawonetsedwe, ndikupanga mbiri ya lipid osachepera nthawi 1 m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Zowonjezera: niacin, Omega-3 ndi Omega-6, vitamini E

Mankhwala achikhalidwe amakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa komanso mndandanda wazophatikizira, chifukwa chake samagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali umboni wazopindulitsa zamafuta achilengedwe, koma mwina sizingafanane ndi mankhwala. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kumwa mankhwala osankhidwa, kenako ndikupumula pang'ono, pomwe mungamwe mowa, mwachitsanzo, mtedza.

Kupewa

Sizotheka nthawi zonse kupewa hypercholesterolemia, popeza kuti kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi kakhalidwe kakang'ono kumakhudza gawo la chinthu ichi. Komabe, moyo wathanzi umathandiza kusunga ntchito ya machitidwe onse amthupi, motero chiopsezo chotenga matenda, chomwe cholesterol imakulirakulira, chidzatsika.

Mndandanda wazomwe ungalimbane ndi cholesterol ndi:

zakudya zopatsa thanzi
kulimbitsa thupi mkati mwa index yolira yamthupi,
kukana zolimbitsa thupi,
Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu uliwonse
kuyeserera pafupipafupi ndi dokotala ndi kuyezetsa magazi a labotale.

Cholesterol imathandiza kwambiri kwa thupi, koma ngati simutsatira gawo lake, ndiye kuti kuchokera pazinthu zofunika kwambiri mu biochemistry ya anthu, imasanduka mdani yemwe angachepetse kwambiri moyo.

Kuopsa kwamitengo yayitali

Monga tanena kale, pali mitundu iwiri ya cholesterol. HDL yabwino imachotsa zinthu zovulaza pozipititsa ku chiwindi, komwe zimakonzedwa ndikuchotseredwa mwachilengedwe.

Analogue yoyipa imasunthira mbali ina kuchokera pachiwindi, imatsamira pamitsempha yamagazi ndikupanga timagulu timene timamera. Pang'onopang'ono, mafupa amafuta oterewa amatsogolera pakuchepa kwa mitsempha, ndipo izi zimayambitsa matenda oopsa a atherosulinosis.

Ndi zovuta zamtima kapena matenda a chiwindi, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amafuta a cholesterol. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito matebulo apadera, omwe akuwonetsa kufunikira kwake ndi kuvulazidwa kwa zinthuzo.

Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol amalembedwa pomwe manambala amayamba kupitilira muyeso wa 5.0 mmol / lita.

Chithandizo chowonjezera mitengo

Dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala othandizira, kuphatikizapo mankhwala, mankhwala wowerengeka, zolimbitsa thupi, komanso zakudya zochizira. Mothandizidwa ndi olimbitsa thupi kapena masewera, mutha kuchotsa mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amabwera ndi chakudya. Kuthamanga kopepuka ndi kuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Kukhala mu mpweya wabwino komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumakonza kamvekedwe ka minofu, chifukwa chomwe mitsempha yamagazi imagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo osaloleza kuipitsidwa. Kwa anthu achikulire, ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse osagwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso, kuona momwe muliri.

Nthawi zambiri, kusuta kumakhala chifukwa chosaneneka cha atherosulinosis, chifukwa chake muyenera kusiya chizolowezi choyipacho ndikuyang'anira momwe ziwalo zamkati zimakhalira. Mowa ukhoza kukhala wothandiza muyezo waung'ono, koma osaposa 50 g yamphamvu ndi 200 g ya zakumwa zoledzeretsa zochepa amaloledwa kumwa patsikulo. Mu shuga mellitus, ndi bwino kukana njira yopewa.

Tiyi yakuda imalowetsedwa ndi tiyi wobiriwira, izi zimalimbitsa makhoma amitsempha yamagazi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza, ndikuwonjezera HDL. Mutha kuletsa kaphatikizidwe ka cholesterol mothandizidwa ndi lalanje, apulo, nkhaka, karoti, beetroot, kabichi watsopano yemwe wafinya.

Kuchulukitsa kwa cholesterol kumachitika chifukwa cha zakudya monga impso, ubongo, caviar, yolks ya nkhuku, batala, soseji yosuta, mayonesi, nyama. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zosaposa 300 mg za chinthu zomwe zimaloledwa kudya tsiku lililonse.

Pofuna kupitirira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, muyenera kuchepetsa zakudya ndi madzi amchere, mwatsopano masamba ofinya ndi zipatso, maolivi, mpendadzuwa ndi mafuta a chimanga, nyama yamwana wamchere, kalulu, nkhuku. Wheat, buckwheat kapena oat mbale, zipatso zatsopano, nsomba zam'nyanja, nyemba, adyo zithandizira zochepera.

Mwanjira yonyalanyazidwa, ngati zakudya zofunikira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sizithandiza, dokotala amakupatsani mankhwala. Mankhwala amasankhidwa, malingana ndi momwe wodwalayo alili komanso momwe munthu payekha alili.

Statins amagwira ntchito ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe Simvastatin, Avenkor, Simgal, Simvastol, Vasilip. Koma chithandizo choterechi chimayambitsa zovuta zambiri mu mawonekedwe a edema, mphumu, kusagwirizana, chiwopsezo cha kusabereka, kuphwanya adrenal gland ntchito.

Ntchito yochepetsera cholesterol mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga imagwidwa ndi Lipantil 200M ndi Tricor. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, othandizirawa sangathe kungoyambitsa chovulacho, komanso uric acid. Koma mankhwalawa amatsutsana ngati pali zotsutsana ndi mtedza kapena chikhodzodzo cha chikhodzodzo.

Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala ndi Atomax, Liptonorm, Tulip, Torvakard, Atorvastatin. Mankhwala omwewo nawonso ali a statins ndipo amatha kuyambitsa mavuto, ngakhale atatsimikiziridwa ngati achire.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kuli kopambana, chithandizo chimachitika ndi Krestor, Rosucard, Rosulip, Tevastor, Acorta ndi mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi yogwira chinthu rosuvastatin. Therapy ikuchitika mosamalitsa yaying'ono Mlingo.

Monga chowonjezera, madokotala amalimbikitsa kutenga mavitamini ndi zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo azikhala chimodzimodzi, osalola mapangidwe a cholesterol oyipa ndipo alibe zotsatira zoyipa.

Wodwala ndi mankhwala a Tykveol, Omega 3, SitoPren, folic acid, mavitamini a gulu B.

Kuperewera kwa cholesterol

Pali nthawi zina pomwe wodwala amakhala ndi cholesterol yotsika. Ichi ndi matenda omwe amakhudzanso mkhalidwe wa thanzi la munthu.

Zofananazi zitha kuonedwa ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto la kupanga bile acid ndi mahomoni ogonana. Kubwezeretsa maselo ofiira owonongeka m'magazi kapena m'magazi ofiira, muyenera kudzaza kuchepa kwa lipoprotein kudzera mu zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol.

Kupanda kutero, kuphwanya kumabweretsa kufooka, kufooka kwa makoma amitsempha, kuphulika, kutopa msanga, kutsika pansi kupweteka, kufooketsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kukhumudwa, kukanika kwa dongosolo la kubereka.

Lipid metabolism ikufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.