Glycosylated hemoglobin hba1c yafupika
Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lochizira, kotero ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa hemoglobin ya glycated - ndizomwe zikuwunikira komanso momwe zingaperekedwere kusanthula koteroko. Zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka zimathandizira adokotala kuti adziwe ngati munthuyo ali ndi shuga wambiri kapena ali bwino, ndiye kuti ali ndi thanzi.
Glycosylated hemoglobin - ndi chiyani?
Amadziwika kuti HbA1C. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha zamankhwala amodzi, zotsatira zake zomwe zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Nthawi yowunikirayi ndi miyezi 3 yomaliza. HbA1C imawerengedwa monga chidziwitso chochulukirapo kuposa chotetemera cha shuga. Zotsatira zake, zomwe zimawonetsa hemoglobin ya glycated, imawonetsedwa ngati peresenti. Zimawonetsa gawo la "shuga" la mankhwala mu kuchuluka kwathunthu kwamaselo ofiira. Mitengo yayikulu ikusonyeza kuti munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo matendawa ndi akulu.
Kusanthula kwa glycosylated hemoglobin kuli ndi zabwino zingapo:
- Phunziroli litha kuchitika popanda kutchula nthawi yatsiku, ndipo osachita izi pamimba yopanda kanthu,
- matenda opatsirana ndikuwonjezera nkhawa sizikhudza zotsatira za kuwunikaku,
- kuphunzira kotere kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muzindikire matenda ashuga musanayambike ndikuyamba chithandizo munthawi yake,
- kusanthula kumathandiza kumanga mfundo yokhudza kutha kwa mankhwalawa matenda a shuga.
Komabe, njira yofufuzira zolakwitsa sizili ndi zovuta zina:
- mtengo wokwera - uli ndi mtengo wambiri poyerekeza ndi kusanthula kwa shuga.
- ndi mahosi ochepa a chithokomiro, HbA1C imawonjezeka, ngakhale kwenikweni, mulingo wamagazi amunthuwo ndi ochepa,
- Odwala ndi magazi m'thupi, zotsatira zake zimasokonekera,
- ngati munthu atenga vitamini C ndi E, zotsatira zake ndizochepa.
Glycosylated hemoglobin - mungapereke bwanji?
Ma labotor ambiri omwe amachititsa kafukufukuyu, amachita zitsanzo zamagazi pamimba yopanda kanthu. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuti akatswiri azichita kusanthula. Ngakhale kudya sikusokoneza zotsatira, ndikofunikira kunena kuti magazi samatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuwunikira kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated kutha kuchitika zonse kuchokera mu mtsempha ndi chala (zonse zimatengera mtundu wa wasanthula). Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira za phunzirolo zimakhala zokonzekera pambuyo pa masiku 3-4.
Ngati chizindikirocho chili pakati pa mitundu yonse, kuwunika kotsatira kungatengedwe zaka 1-3. Matenda a shuga akangopezeka, kuyambiranso kumalimbikitsidwa pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ngati wodwalayo adalembetsa kale ndi endocrinologist ndipo adalandira chithandizo chamankhwala, ndikofunikira kuti ayesere miyezi itatu iliyonse. Kuyenda koteroko kumathandizira kupeza chidziwitso cha momwe munthu alili ndikuwunikira momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira.
Mayeso a Glycated Hemoglobin - Kukonzekera
Phunziroli ndilopadera pamtundu wake. Kuti mupereke mayeso a magazi a glycosylated hemoglobin, simuyenera kukonzekera. Komabe, zinthu zotsatirazi zingasokeretse zotsatira (zichepetsani):
Kusanthula kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated (glycated) kumachitika bwino mu labotale yokhala ndi zida zamakono. Chifukwa cha izi, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zolondola. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti maphunziro mu labotale osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amapereka zosiyana. Izi ndichifukwa choti njira zosiyanasiyana zodziwirira matenda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo azachipatala. Ndikofunika kuyesedwa mu labotale yotsimikiziridwa.
Kutsimikiza kwa glycosylated hemoglobin
Mpaka pano, palibe muyezo umodzi womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma labotale azachipatala. Kutsimikiza kwa glycosylated hemoglobin m'magazi kumachitika ndi njira zotsatirazi:
- chromatography yamadzimadzi
- immunoturbodimetry,
- ion kusinthana chromatography,
- kusanthula kwa nephelometric.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin - Mwachizolowezi
Chizindikiro ichi chilibe zaka kapena kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Muyezo wa hemoglobin wa glycosylated m'magazi kwa akulu ndi ana umagwirizanika. Amachokera ku 4% mpaka 6%. Zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala zapamwamba kapena zotsika zimayang'ana matenda. Makamaka, izi ndi zomwe glycosylated hemoglobin akuwonetsa:
- HbA1C kuyambira 4% mpaka 5.7% -munthu amakhala ndi metabolism ya carbohydrate mwadongosolo. Kuchepa kwa matenda ashuga sikwatheka.
- 5.7% -6.0% - Zotsatira izi zikuwonetsa kuti wodwalayo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda. Palibe chithandizo chomwe chikufunika, koma adotolo angavomereze zakudya zamafuta ochepa.
- HbA1C imachokera ku 6.1% mpaka 6.4% - Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda ashuga ndichabwino. Wodwalayo ayenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amamwa posachedwa ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala ena.
- Ngati chizindikiro ndi 6.5% - kufufuza koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga. Kuti mutsimikizire, kuyesedwa kowonjezereka kumayikidwa.
Ngati glycosylated hemoglobin mwa amayi apakati akayesedwa, momwemonso mu nkhaniyi ndi chimodzimodzi kwa anthu ena. Komabe, chizindikirochi chimatha kusintha nthawi yonse yobereka mwana. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:
Glycosylated hemoglobin inachuluka
Ngati chizindikirochi ndichoposa china, izi zikuwonetsa mavuto akulu omwe amachitika mthupi. High glycosylated hemoglobin nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zotsatirazi:
- kutayika kwamaso
- chilonda chachitali
- ludzu
- kuchepa kwambiri kapena kuwonda.
- chitetezo chokwanira
- kukodza pafupipafupi,
- kutaya mphamvu ndi kugona.
- kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi.
Glycosylated hemoglobin pamwambamwamba - amatanthauza chiyani?
Kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikiro ichi kumayambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi:
- Kulephera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya,
- zinthu zopanda shuga.
Magazi a hemoglobin wa glycated akuwonetsa kuti chizindikirocho ndichokwera kuposa zabwinobwino, nayi milandu:
- mu shuga mellitus - chifukwa chakuti njira yogawa chakudya imasokonekera ndipo kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakulirakulira,
- ndi poizoni
- Ngati wodwala akudwala matenda a shuga sakhazikitsidwa bwino,
- ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi,
- atayika magazi,
- mu uremia, pamene carbohemoglobin imavomerezeka, chinthu chomwe chimafanana kwambiri ndi malo ndi HbA1C,
- ngati wodwala wachotsa ndulu, chiwalo chovomerezeka ndi kutaya maselo ofiira a magazi.
Glycated hemoglobin inachuluka --atani?
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) ndizowonetsera wazomwe zimapangika mu magazi a protein ya hemoglobin yolumikizidwa ndi glucose. Zimalola zodalirika kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi kuyesa kwamagazi kwa shuga, kudziwa momwe zimakhalira ndi mamolekyulu a shuga m'miyezi itatu yapitayo. Dziwani kuti chizolowezi cha HbA1C sichimadalira jenda la munthuyo ndipo ndi chimodzimodzi kwa ana ndi akulu.
Mtengo wa HbA1C uli ndi phindu lazidziwitso pakuzindikira koyambirira kwa matenda a shuga komanso kuwunika momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwerengetsa kwa chizindikirochi kumachitika pozindikira:
- kagayidwe kachakudya matenda aubwana
- shuga ya gestational, yomwe ikutanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa glucose komwe kale sikunachitike, komwe kumawonetsedwa mwa azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera,
- lembani 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga mwa azimayi omwe amatenga pakati pamaso pa matenda,
- matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi matenda achilendo.
- Hyperlipidemia,
- matenda obadwa nawo a shuga
- matenda oopsa, etc.
Kufunika kwa kusanthula kumeneku kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka koyambirira kwa mtima wamitsempha yamagazi, zovuta zamitsempha yamagazi, kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, kupezeka kwa nephropathy ndi polyneuropathy, etc. Ku Russia, pakuvomerezedwa ndi WHO, kuphunzira koteroko kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 2011.
Njira yowunikira
Ubwino wofunikira pakuwunika hemoglobin ya glycosylated ndikuti kusowa kukonzekera kusanachitike. Kafukufukuyu amachitika kudzera mwa magazi a mtsempha kuchokera kwa wodwala, kapena potenga kachilomboka kuchokera chala (kutengera mtundu wa chosinkhira) voliyumu ya 2-5 ml. Pankhaniyi, zomverera zosasangalatsa zitha kuchitika, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito maulendo opatsirana ndi maulendo osokoneza magazi.
Kuti mupewe kuwundana, madzi obwera chifukwa cha thupi amaphatikizidwa ndi anticoagulant (EDTA), yomwe imathandizira kukhala ndi moyo wautali wa mashelufu (mpaka sabata 1) potsatira boma linalake la kutentha (+ 2 + 5 0 С).
- mimba - kamodzi, masabata 10-12,
- Type 1 matenda a shuga - 1 nthawi m'miyezi itatu,
- Type 2 shuga mellitus - 1 nthawi m'miyezi 6.
Kusanthula komweku kumachitika m'magawo a labotale, momwe, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, plasma ndende ya HbA1C imatsimikiza. Pankhaniyi, njira zotsatirazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- chromatography yamadzimadzi
- electrophoresis
- Katemera
- chromatography yothandizira
- njira za mzati.
Pakati pazida zomwe zili pamwambapa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa mtundu wa HbA1C, makonda amapatsidwa njira yamadzimadzi amadzimadzi, chifukwa amalola kutsimikiza kwakukulu kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated ndikuwona kukhalapo kwa kupatuka kwake kuzungulira povomerezeka.
Kutanthauzira Katswiri
Njira yodziwira mfundo za hemoglobin ya glycosylated siivuta. Komabe, kutanthauzira kwa chizindikiro chomaliza kumatha kukhala kovuta chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa teknoloji ya ma labotale, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe amunthu. Chifukwa chake, mukamawerenga kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated mwa anthu awiri omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana zamagazi, kusiyana kwa mathero omaliza a HbA1C kungakhale mpaka 1%.
Pakuchita kafukufukuyu, ndizotheka kuti ziwonjezeke zabodza mu HbA1C, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa fetal hemoglobin m'magazi (zomwe zimachitika mwa munthu wamkulu zimafikira 1%), komanso kuchepa kwabodza komwe kumachitika m'matenda monga hemorrhages (pachimake komanso chovuta), uremia, ndi komanso hemolytic anemia.
Akatswiri a zamakono am'masiku opezekera komanso odwala matenda ashuga amaonetsa mtundu wa momwe anthu amtunduwu amathandizira. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhudza mulingo wake:
- zaka za munthu
- kulemera
- mtundu wa thupi
- kukhalapo kwa matenda amodzimodzi, nthawi yawo komanso kuuma kwawo.
Kuti zitheke kuyesedwa, miyambo ya HbA1C imaperekedwa patebulo.
| Zotsatira za kusanthula HbA1C,% | Kutanthauzira |
| Pazinthu zodziwika za chizindikiro
Musanapite ku ofesi ya dokotala kuti mupereke magazi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated, simuyenera kuchita chilichonse pokonzekera. Mutha kutenga zakutizakuti pakuyesa labotale nthawi iliyonse, m'mawa komanso masana. Musanapite kuchipatala, mutha kukhala ndi chakudya cham'mawa komanso chikho cha tiyi kapena khofi. Zakudya zomwe zatengedwa musanayambe kuphunzira, kapena zina sizingachititse chidwi cha zotsatira zake.
Mankhwalawa ndi a gulu lolembetsa mankhwala ndipo amalembedwa ndi madotolo, chifukwa chake, madokotala, monga lamulo, akudziwa kuti zotsatira za kusanthula kwa wodwala yemwe amamwa mankhwalawo zitha kupotozedwa. Mlingo wa hemoglobin wa glycosylated m'magazi oyipa a munthu wathanzi ndi ochepera 5.7%. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti chizindikirochi ndicho malire apamwamba a zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimawonetsa zomwe zimawonetsa kuwonetsa kwa shuga. Izi ndizothandiza kwa amuna ndi akazi. Ma labotore ena samangokhala kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated m'magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwake. Kukhalapo kwa glycosylated hemoglobin m'magazi a anthu athanzi kuyenera kusinthasintha malinga ndi gawo kuyambira kuyambira 1.86 mpaka kutha ndi 2.48 mmoles. Chikhalidwe kwa azimayi ndi abambo omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga, koma molondola kutsatira malangizo a dokotala kuti akhale athanzi, kuyambira 7 mpaka 7 ndi theka peresenti.
Glycosylated hemoglobin pa nthawi yapakati mwa amayi athanzi sayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa momwe amadziwika kale 5.7%. Ngati mulingo wazizindikirozi ukufalikira kuchokera pa 5.7 mpaka 6,4 peresenti, ndiye kuti madokotala amauza odwala za kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga. Ngati pakuwunika magazi magazi a glycosylated mtundu hemoglobin aposa kuchuluka kwa 6.5 peresenti, ndiye kuti odwala amapatsidwa chithandizo choyambirira cha matenda osokoneza bongo. Zambiri Zokhudza Matenda A shugaMatenda a shuga a shuga, omwe ali amitundu iwiri, ndi matenda owopsa omwe amatha kuvulaza thupi lathu. Mwazi wamagazi ukakwezedwa, thupi la wodwalayo limayamba kulimbana ndi kuchuluka kwake, ndikuyambitsa mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapondereza (kapena pang'ono pang'ono vutoli). Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha zovuta kwambiri za matenda osokoneza bongo komanso kubwezeretsa moyo wabwino kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa, mankhwala opangidwa mwapadera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, pofuna kusintha ntchito ya munthu yemwe akudwala matenda amtundu 1, amamulembera jakisoni wothandizirana ndi insulin.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri kapena omwe amayamba kulolerana ndi shuga amapatsidwa mapiritsi omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemic kapena kuwonjezera minyewa ya glucose. Chithandizo cholakwika kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu kungakulitse gawo lophunziridwa pakapita nthawi. Mitundu ya glycosylated ya hemoglobin ikakwezedwa, vuto lotchedwa hyperglycemia limawonedwa mwa odwala. Matendawa amatenga zisonyezo zingapo. Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia (chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la insulin omwe atsimikizira koma salipira bwino matenda a shuga):
Payokha, ziyenera kudziwika kuti nthawi zina mwa odwala hemoglobin ya mtundu wa glycosylated sangathe kuchuluka, koma m'malo mwake amachepetsedwa. Ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chizindikiro ichi mwa odwala, kusintha kooneka kwambiri kumawonedwa. Komabe, ndikosavuta kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa hemoglobin wa glycosylated kuposa ndi machitidwe omwe chizindikiro ichi chikuwonjezeka. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa glycosylated hemoglobin ndikutuluka magazi kwambiri (kuphatikiza mkati) kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komwe kumayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa iron. Nthawi zina, mtundu wa hemoglobin wochepetsedwa umatha chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kwa mankhwalawa kufalitsa matenda a shuga 2, zakudya zopanda chakudya, kapena matenda ena ake enieni. Kuti abwezeretse mtundu wa hemoglobin wa glycosylated, ayenera kumvetsera mosamala zomwe dokotalayo akunena. Makamaka, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zenizeni "zowonjezera" ndikuyamba kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Anthu omwe ali ndi chiwonetserochi chikuwonjezeka ayenera kusiya kudya maswiti (kapena kuchepetsa kudya kwawo) ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta m'zakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Anthu omwe ali ndi kulolera kwa glucose omwe amadziwika panthawi yoyeserera magazi kuti adziwe mtundu wa hemoglobin wa glycosyl ayenera kumwa mankhwala apadera omwe amalimbikitsa chidwi cha minofu. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa chikuwonetsa kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri ndipo kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi thanzi la munthu, kumamupulumutsa pazovuta za hyperglycemia. Nthawi zambiri, ngati pali zovuta ndi kugaya kwa glucose, mankhwala amapatsidwa mankhwala, omwe ndi othandizira omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi metformin. Mankhwala ofala kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mkalasi lino amatengedwa ngati ndalama zotchedwa "Siofor" kapena "Glucophage." Amagulitsidwa mwanjira yamakonzedwe a piritsi okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zogwira ntchito (kuyambira mamiliyoni 500 mpaka miliyoni). Mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse omwe angasonyeze zovuta ndi mayamwidwe a shuga ndi mpata wochezera kwa akatswiri wamba. Atazindikira tsatanetsatane wa momwe wodwalayo alili ndikusonkha zina zofunika kuzilinganiza mbiri yoyambirira ya zamankhwala, madotolo amapereka mayeso a ma laboratori kwa odwalawo, zotsatira zake zidzamveketsa bwino chithunzicho ndikupereka chidziwitso choyenera, koposa zonse, chothandiza. Kuperewera kwakukwanira kwamavuto kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa, mawonekedwe ake omwe sangapewe. Kodi ndi kuwunika kotani kumeneku?Chimodzi mwamafukufuku othandiza komanso ovomerezeka popeza matenda a shuga ndi kusanthula kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa HbA1C. Kafukufuku wotereyu akuchitidwanso kuti athe kuwunika omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kutsatsa komwe kumachitika kudzatipangitsa kuti timvetsetse momwe chithandizo chomwe mwasankhachi chikugwirira ntchito, ngakhale wodwalayo amatsatira zakudya kapena samvera zomwe dokotala akutsimikiza. ZopindulitsaKodi mayeso a glycosylated hemoglobin ali bwino bwanji kuposa mayeso wamba a shuga? Izi ndi zabwino:
KufufuzaKomabe, kusanthula kuli ndi zovuta zake, ndiye, choyamba:
Zomwe zimapezeka mwa amayi apakatiKugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula pa HbA1C kuzindikiritsa amayi panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati sikulakwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chizindikirochi chikuwonjezeka pokhapokha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kukwera kuposa kwazaka zingapo. Kodi kusanthula kumachitika bwanji?Monga tanena kale, mwayi waukulu wowunikira ndikuti sizifunikira kukonzekera. Kuwunikako kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse yabwino, sikofunikira kubwera ku labotale pamimba yopanda kanthu.
KuchiritsaKuwunikira zotsatirazi kumatha kukhala kovuta chifukwa cha kusiyana kwaukadaulo wa kafukufuku komanso momwe wodwalayo alili.
Ngati munthu ali ndi HbA1C zomwe zimakhala zosakwana 5.7%, ndiye izi ndiye zofunikira, ndipo chizindikirochi ndichofanana kwa akazi ndi abambo. Ngati kusanthula kunapereka zotere, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi chochepa. Ngati chizolowezi chikuwonjezeka pang'ono (mkati 5.7-6.0%), ndiye kuti titha kulankhula za chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Munthu ayenera kuwunika zakudya zake ndikuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi. Ngati HbA1C idzakwezedwa mpaka 6.1-6.4%, ndiye kuti matenda a prediabetes angapangidwe. Kudziwitsa koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga kumayambiriro kumapangidwa ngati chizindikirocho chili 6.5% kapena kuposa. Maphunziro owonjezera amafunikira kuti atsimikizireni matendawa. Zifukwa ZopatukaChifukwa chachikulu chomwe matenda a HbA1C akukwezeka ndi mtundu 1 kapena matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, zofunikira pazinthu zimatha kupitilizidwa ngati:
Mkhalidwe wina womwe HbA1C imatsitsidwa ndi hemolytic anemia, yomwe imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa nthawi ya moyo wama cell ofiira a magazi. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, chizolowezi cha HbA1C chimakhala chochepera 7%, ngati chizolowezicho chikuchuluka, chithandizo chikuyenera kusinthidwa. Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwa magazi pazomwe zili ndi glycosylated hemoglobin ndikusanthula kopindulitsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zomwe zili mu nkhaniyi ndizofanana kwa anthu onse - amuna, akazi, achinyamata ndi ana. Mwakutero, zisonyezo sizitengera momwe munthu wakonzekerera phunzirolo.
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Popeza pa nthawi ya pakati, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumadziwika, monga lamulo, kuyambira miyezi 6, kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula, matenda atha kupezeka pafupi ndi kubereka. Pakadali pano, shuga wambiri azikhala ndi nthawi yovulaza, kuphatikizira pakati pa mimba. Chifukwa chake, panthawi yapakati, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zofufuzira, makamaka, kuwunika kwa kulolera kwa glucose.
Njira ya magazi imatha kutengedwa kuchokera kumsempha komanso kuchokera ku chala. Zimatengera mtundu wa chosinkhira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu labotore ndipo sichikhudza zotsatira zake. Pa phunziroli, ndikofunikira kupereka 2-5 ml ya magazi. Kodi ndiyenera kuyesedwa kangati?
Ngati kuchuluka kwa HbA1C ndi kotsika kuposa momwe amafunira, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuwonetsa hypoglycemia. Kuphatikiza apo, hemoglobin ya glycosylated imachepetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa magazi ndi kuthiridwa magazi.
