Kodi kulumala kumapereka shuga?

Kukhalapo kwa matenda (ngakhale mtundu wodalira insulini) sikuti kumayambitsa gulu.

Mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu umodzi amadziwika kuti ndi olumala popanda kutsata gulu mpaka atafika zaka 14. Njira yamatendawa ndi moyo wa ana oterowo zimadalira insulin kwenikweni. Ali ndi zaka 14, pogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wodziyimira pawokha, kulumala kumachotsedwa. Ngati mwana sangathe popanda kuthandizidwa ndi okondedwa, ndiye kuti amakula mpaka zaka 18. Odwala achikulire Kutsimikiza kwa gululi kumachitika ndikuwunikanso pambuyo pake malinga ndi mkhalidwe waumoyo.

Mtundu wa matenda ashuga sukusokoneza kulumala. Maziko otumizira kukayezetsa kuchipatala ndikutukuka kwamavuto ndi kuuma kwawo. Ngati wodwala amangofunika kusamutsira ku ntchito yosavuta kapena kusintha kwa boma, ndiye kuti amapatsidwa ntchito gulu lachitatu. Ndi kutayika kwa kugwira ntchito, koma ndi mwayi wokhala ukhondo, kuyima pawokha, kuyambitsa insulini kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi kuchepetsa shuga chachiwiri.

Kulephera kwa gulu loyamba lakonzedwera odwala omwe sangathe kudzisamalira okha, kuyenda m'malo, kuyenda okha, amadalira kwathunthu thandizo la akunja.

Wapabanja wogwira ntchito (wosamalira) yemwe amasamalira odwala matenda ashuga amalandila chindapusa komanso zabwino zokomera mwana. Nthawi imeneyi imawerengedwa pakutalika kwa ntchito, ndipo kholo likapuma pantchito, limakhala ndi zopindulitsa pakulembetsedwa koyambirira ngati kutalika kwake kwa ntchito ndi kupitirira zaka 15.

Mwanayo ali ndi ufulu wokana kukonzanso malo a sanatorium-free, boma limalipiranso ndalama zoyenda ndi kholo kupita kumalo okalandira chithandizo ndikubwerera. Anthu olumala alibe chithandizo chamankhwala okha, komanso maubwino azikhalidwe:

• zolipiritsa zofunikira
• maulendo apaulendo,
• kuvomerezedwa kumalo osamalira ana, ku yunivesite,
• magwiridwe antchito.

Mosasamala tanthauzo la kulemala, wodwala matenda ashuga amalandira:

• mankhwala kukonza shuga wambiri (insulin kapena mapiritsi),
• glucose mita kuyesa,
• syringes za jakisoni
• mankhwala kukonza zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi zovuta za shuga.

Kuti akhale nawo pafupipafupi, Ayenera kulembedwa ndi endocrinologist m'chipatala. Mwezi uliwonse muyenera kupita kukawunika ndi kukayezetsa.

Kupimidwa kwa zamankhwala ndi zachikhalidwe (ITU) kumawonetsedwa kwa onse odwala popanda kusiyanasiyanangati ali ndi chilema chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Pansi pa malamulo apano, zotere malangizo amaperekedwa ndi chipatala wodwalayo atadutsa mayesedwe onse ofunikira, chithandizo choyenera ndi kuchira.

Ngati dokotala sawona chifukwa chodutsira ITU, wodwala ayenera kulandira kuchokera kwa iyeKukana zolembedwa - zambiri pa fomu 088 / u-06 ndikonzekereratu zolemba zotsatirazi:

• kuchotsa pa khadi lapaulendo,
• kumaliza ku chipatala komwe chithandizo chinachitikira,
• zambiri kuchokera pazotsatira za kusanthula kwaposachedwa komanso kufufuza kwazinthu zofunikira.

Phukusi lonse limaperekedwa ku registry ya ITU Bureau, ndipo wodwalayo amadziwitsidwa za tsiku la komitiyi.

Pakabuka mikangano yomwe imapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupitilira mayeso. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kulemba mawu opita kwa sing'anga wamkulu wa dipatimenti yotuluka kumalo komwe wodwalayo amakhala. Iyenera kuwonetsa:

• thanzi
• nthawi yodwala
• nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo ophunzitsira,
• Zomwe mankhwala adagwiritsa, ntchito zake,
• Zotsatira za kuyesa kwaposachedwa kwamalonda kumene kunachitika m'magazi,
• zambiri za dokotala yemwe wakana kutchulako.

Mndandanda wocheperako wa maphunziro ofunikira:

• shuga wamagazi
• glycated hemoglobin,
• kuchuluka kwamankhwala am'magazi omwe amawonetsa mapuloteni ndi lipid, ALT, AST,
• urinalysis (shuga, matupi a ketone),
• Ultrasound a impso ndi kapamba, chiwindi, kukokoloka kwa ziwiya za malekezero (okhala ndi vuto lokhala ndi magazi mkati mwawo),
• kusanthula kwa ndalama
• malingaliro a akatswiri: endocrinologist, neuropathologist, Optometrist, Cardiologist, opaleshoni ya mtima, kwa ana ̶ ana.

Zolemba zonsezi zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale m'makope angapo. kuti mutha kulembetsa ku mabungwe apamwamba. Pakabuka zovuta paliponse mwa magawo osungitsa, ndibwino kulumikizana ndi loya wovomerezeka.

Mukamayang'ana odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, dziwani izi:

• kuchuluka kwa malipiro: pafupipafupi chitukuko cha chikomokere,
• kuwonongeka kwa impso, mtima, maso, miyendo, ubongo ndi kuuma kwawo,
• kusuntha pang'ono, kudzithandiza nokha,
• kufunika kosamalidwa ndi akunja.

Gulu loyamba limapatsidwa zovuta zotsatirazi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga:

• kutayika kwamaso m'maso onse
• ziwalo, kusayenda bwino (neuropathy),
• kulephera kozungulira kwa digiri yachitatu,
• lakuthwa kwambiri shuga (hypoglycemic coma),
• kulephera kwaimpso (gawo lotsiriza),
• dementia (dementia), mavuto amisala okhala ndi encephalopathy.

Kulemala kwa gulu lachiwiri ndikatsimikiza Ndi zovuta za matendawa, ngati angathe kulipidwa kapena kuyambitsa zoletsa zina. Odwala sangathe kugwira ntchito, amafunikira thandizo kwakanthawi. Gulu lachitatu lipatsidwa ndi zizindikiro zoperewera, pamene munthu pang'ono pang'ono walephera kugwira ntchito, koma atha kudzipulumutsa yekha.

Mu 2015, zinthu zatsopano zidalowa ndikuzindikira kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ngati olumala. Dongosolo la Unduna wa Zantchito N.1024n likufotokozera mndandanda wazizindikiro zomwe zimachitika pochitika mayeso:

• kusunga ukhondo, kudya,
• kuphunzitsa
• gulu lodziyimira pawokha
• kudziletsa pamakhalidwe,
• zozungulira m'malo oyandikana nawo.

Mwana akakwaniritsa zonse zofunika, amatha kuyambitsa mahomoni, kuwerengetsa mlingo wake ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndiye kuti kulemala kumachotsedwa. Itha kusungidwa ngati matenda ashuga atakanana. Zikatero, ana nthawi zambiri samangokhala ndi zosagwiritsa ntchito, komanso chithandizo chamankhwala. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi Tingafinye wokhala ndi mndandanda wathunthu wa mayeso omwe amachitika pochiritsira ndi zotsatira zake.

Werengani nkhaniyi

Kodi kulemala kumayenderana ndi matenda a shuga a insulin

Kulemala ndikuzindikira kuti munthu sangathe kugwira ntchito mokwanira, amafunika kuthandizidwa kuti akhalebe wathanzi. Si onse odwala matenda ashuga amene ali olumala. Kukhalapo kwa matenda (ngakhale mtundu wodalira insulini) sikuti kumayambitsa gulu.

Munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda oyamba amadziwika kuti ndi wolumala popanda gulu mpaka atafika zaka 14. Njira yamatendawa ndi moyo wa ana oterowo zimadalira insulin kwenikweni. Ali ndi zaka 14, pogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wodziyimira pawokha, kulumala kumachotsedwa. Ngati mwana sachita popanda kuthandizidwa ndi okondedwa, ndiye kuti amawonjezera zaka 18. Kwa odwala akuluakulu, gulu limatsimikiza, ndikutsatiridwa ndikuwunikanso molingana ndi thanzi.

Ndipo pali zambiri zokhudza matenda ashuga a retinopathy.

Kodi gulu lidakhazikitsidwa cha mtundu wachiwiri

Mtundu wa matenda ashuga sukusokoneza kulumala. Maziko oti mutumizidwe kukayezetsa kuchipatala ndi omwe amapanga zovuta za matendawo komanso kuuma kwawo. Pakakhala zotupa zam'magazi a shuga (macro- ndi microangiopathy), pamachitika zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa odwala kukwaniritsa udindo wawo wopanga.

Ngati wodwalayo amangofunikira kusamutsidwira kuntchito yosavuta kapena kusintha magwiridwe antchito, ndiye kuti gulu lachitatu lapatsidwa. Ndi kutayika kwa ntchito, koma kuthekera kokukhalanso ukhondo, kudziyimira pawokha, kuyang'anira insulin kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi kuchepetsa shuga, chachiwiri ndi kutsimikiza.

Kulemala kwa gulu loyamba ndi kwa odwala omwe sangathe kudzisamalira okha, kuyenda m'malo, kapena kusunthira pawokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azidalira kwathunthu thandizo la akunja.

Kodi amaika zolemba zabwino ngati ana asukulu ya shuga

Mwana amene amafunikira mahomoni ena mwadongosolo amafunika kuyang'aniridwa ndi kholo kuti adye pa nthawi ndi kubayirira insulin. Yemwe ali ndi banja labwino (losamalira) yemwe amadwala matenda ashuga amadwala

Nthawi imeneyi imawaganiziridwa kutalika kwa ntchito, ndipo pamene kholo lipuma, ali ndi mwayi wolembetsa kale ngati chidziwitso chake cha inshuwaransi chiri choposa zaka 15.

Mwanayo ali ndi ufulu wokana kukonzanso m'malo mwaulere, boma limalipiranso mayendedwe ake ndi kholo kupita kumalo okalandira chithandizo ndikubwerera. Anthu olumala alibe chithandizo chamankhwala okha, komanso maubwino azikhalidwe:

• zolipiritsa zofunikira
• maulendo apaulendo,
• kuvomerezedwa kumalo osamalira ana, ku yunivesite,
• magwiridwe antchito.

Mosasamala tanthauzo la kulemala, wodwala matenda ashuga amalandira:

• mankhwala kukonza shuga wambiri (insulin kapena mapiritsi),
• glucose mita kuyesa,
• syringes za jakisoni
• mankhwala kukonza zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi zovuta za shuga.

Kuti akhale nawo pafupipafupi, ndikofunikira kuti alembetsedwe ndi endocrinologist kuchipatala. Mwezi uliwonse muyenera kupimidwa matenda anu malinga ndi mndandanda woyeserera.

Momwe mungatenge ndi gulu liti

Kupimidwa kwa zamankhwala ndi zachikhalidwe (ITU) kumawonetsedwa kwa onse odwala popanda kusiyanasiyana, ngati ali ndi mwayi wochepetsedwa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Malinga ndi malamulo apano, kuwongolera kotereku kumaperekedwa ndi chipatala wodwalayo atadutsa kale mayeso onse ofunikira, chithandizo choyenera komanso kuchira.

Palinso zochitika zina zotsutsana. Mwachitsanzo, wodwala matenda a shuga amafunsana ndi endocrinologist pankhani ya ITU, koma adokotala sawona chifukwa. Kenako wodwalayo alandire kukana kuchokera kwa iye - satifiketi yomwe ili mu 088 / y-06 ndikukonzekera zolembedwa zotsatirazi:

• kuchotsa pa khadi lapaulendo,
• kumaliza ku chipatala komwe chithandizo chinachitikira,
• zambiri kuchokera pazotsatira za kusanthula kwaposachedwa komanso kufufuza kwazinthu zofunikira.

Phukusi lonse limaperekedwa ku registry ya ITU Bureau, ndipo wodwalayo amadziwitsidwa za tsiku la komitiyi.

Chitsanzo chabwino cha dongosolo la ITU

Pakabuka mikangano yomwe imapangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kupitilira mayeso, tikulimbikitsidwanso kuti tilembe mawu opita kwa sing'anga wamkulu woyang'anira dipatimenti yapadera kumalo komwe wodwalayo amakhala. Iyenera kuwonetsa:

• thanzi
• nthawi yodwala
• nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo ophunzitsira,
• Zomwe mankhwala adagwiritsa, ntchito zake,
• Zotsatira za kuyesa kwaposachedwa kwamalonda kumene kunachitika m'magazi,
• zambiri za dokotala yemwe wakana kutchulako.

Wonerani vidiyo yokhudza kulumala kwa matenda ashuga:

Kafukufuku wamtundu wanji ofunikira ku ITU

Mndandanda wocheperako wa maphunziro ofunikira:

• shuga wamagazi
• glycated hemoglobin,
• kuchuluka kwamankhwala am'magazi omwe amawonetsa mapuloteni ndi lipid, ALT, AST,
• urinalysis (shuga, matupi a ketone),
• Ultrasound a impso ndi kapamba, chiwindi, kukokoloka kwa ziwiya za malekezero (okhala ndi vuto lokhala ndi magazi mkati mwawo),
• kusanthula kwa ndalama
• malingaliro a akatswiri: endocrinologist, neuropathologist, Optometrist, Cardiologist, opaleshoni ya mtima, kwa ana ̶ ana.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukhale ndi zikalata zonse m'makope angapo kuti mutha kuyika mabungwe apamwamba. Pakabuka zovuta paliponse mwa magawo osungitsa, ndikofunika kulumikizana ndi loya woyenerera kuti athandizire kukonzekera kwawo.

Njira Zotanthauzira Gulu

Mukamayang'ana odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, dziwani izi:

• kuchuluka kwa chindapusa: pafupipafupi kukula kwa chikomokere chifukwa cha kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi,
• kuwonongeka kwa impso, mtima, maso, miyendo, ubongo ndi kuuma kwawo,
• kusuntha pang'ono, kudzithandiza nokha,
• kufunika kosamalidwa ndi akunja.

Gulu loyamba limapatsidwa zovuta ngati izi:

• kutayika kwamaso m'maso onse
• ziwalo, kusayenda bwino (neuropathy),
• kulephera kozungulira kwa digiri yachitatu,
• lakuthwa kwambiri shuga (hypoglycemic coma),
• kulephera kwaimpso (gawo lotsiriza),
• dementia (dementia), mavuto amisala okhala ndi encephalopathy.

Kulemala kwa gulu lachiwiri kumatsimikizika pakakhala zovuta za matendawa, ngati atha kulipidwa kapena kuyambitsa zoperewera. Odwala sangathe kugwira ntchito, amafunikira thandizo kwakanthawi. Gulu lachitatu limapatsidwa zizindikiro zowoneka bwino, pomwe munthu pang'ono pang'ono walephera kugwira ntchito, koma atha kudzipulumutsa yekha.

Hypoglycemic chikomokere

Kuchoka pagulu kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Mu 2015, zinthu zatsopano zidayamba kugwira ntchito pakudziwika kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Dongosolo la Unduna wa Zogwira Ntchito No. 1024n limafotokoza mndandanda wazizindikiro zomwe zimachitika polemba:

• kusunga ukhondo, kudya,
• kuphunzitsa
• gulu lodziyimira pawokha
• kudziletsa pamakhalidwe,
• zozungulira m'malo oyandikana nawo.

Mwana akakwaniritsa zonse zofunika, amatha kuyambitsa mahomoni, kuwerengetsa mlingo wake molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndiye kuti kulemala kumachotsedwa. Itha kusungidwa ngati matenda ashuga atakanana. Zikatero, ana nthawi zambiri samangokhala ndi zosagwiritsa ntchito, komanso chithandizo chamankhwala. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi Tingafinye wokhala ndi mndandanda wathunthu wa mayeso omwe amachitika pochiritsira ndi zotsatira zake.

Ndipo pali zambiri za matenda a Prader.

Kulephera kwa odwala matenda ashuga sikumakhazikika pamtundu wa matenda, koma molingana ndi kuopsa kwa zovuta zam'mitsempha. Gululi limaperekedwa ndi ITU kutengera luso logwira ntchito komanso kudzithandiza nokha. Ana osaposa zaka 14 zokhala ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ndi ana olumala, makolo awo amalandila thandizo kwa boma panthawi yakusamalila odwala matenda ashuga.

Pambuyo pazaka 14 ndi kulumala, kulemala kumachotsedwa. Pakakhala kusamvana, muyenera kuyimitsa mafayilo anu mothandizidwa ndi loya.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za phazi la matenda ashuga zitha kuoneka msanga chifukwa cha kuchepa mphamvu kwa miyendo. Pa gawo loyambirira, pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda, ndikofunikira kuyamba kupewetsa, mwa magawo apamwamba, kudula mwendo kumatha kukhala chithandizo.

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy amapezeka kawirikawiri odwala matenda ashuga. Kutengera mtundu wa omwe adadziwika - pagululi kapena yosakulitsa - chithandizo chimadalira. Zifukwa zake ndi shuga wambiri, njira yolakwika. Zizindikiro sizowoneka kwambiri mwa ana. Kupewa kumathandiza kupewa zovuta.

Matenda ovuta a Addison (mkuwa) ali ndi zizindikiro zofala kwambiri kotero kuti kungodziwa mwatsatanetsatane dokotala wodziwa bwino kungamuthandize kupeza matendawo. Zomwe amayi ndi ana ndizosiyana, kusanthula sikungapereke chithunzi. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimapangidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Matenda a Addison Birmer ndi matenda osiyana kwambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa B12.

Ngati matenda amtundu wa 2 akhazikika, chithandizo chimayamba ndikusintha kwa zakudya ndi mankhwala. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro a endocrinologist, kuti muchepetse vutoli.Ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala atsopano ati amtundu wa shuga omwe mwakumana nawo?

Ndizovuta kudziwa vuto la Prader, chifukwa ndilofanana ndi ma pathologies ambiri. Zomwe zimayambitsa ana ndi akulu zimagona mu chromosome ya 15. Zizindikiro zake zimakhala zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikuwonekeratu kukhala zowonjezera komanso kusokonezeka pakulankhula. Diagnostics imaphatikizapo mayeso a genetics komanso mayeso a madokotala. Chiyembekezo chamoyo wa Prader-Willi syndrome zimadalira mankhwalawo. Kulumala sikuperekedwa nthawi zonse.

Ndi magulu omwe ali ndi mavuto omwe munthu angadalire?

Gawoli limatengera kuuma kwa matenda a wodwala. Munthawi zonsezi, pali njira zomwe wodwalayo amakhala m'gulu limodzi kapena wina wolumala. Gulu la olumala limaperekedwa chimodzimodzi mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2. Pali magulu atatu olumala. Kuyambira woyamba mpaka wachitatu, kuuma kwa vuto la wodwalayo kumachepa.

Gulu loyamba Amalandira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akulu, omwe adapanga izi:

• Kumbali ya maso: kuwonongeka kwam'mbuyo, khungu m'maso amodzi kapena onse.
• Kuchokera kumbali ya chapakati mantha dongosolo: encephalopathy (kuphwanya nzeru, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro).
• Pa mbali ya zotumphukira zamitsempha yamafupa: kusokonekera kwamalumikizidwe kayendedwe ka miyendo, kulephera kuchita motsutsana, kayendedwe ka ziwalo ndi ziwalo.
• Kuchokera pamtima wamtima: Kulephera kwamtima kwa madigiri 3 (kupuma movutikira, kupweteka mumtima, ndi zina zambiri.
• Kuchokera kumbali ya impso: kulepheretsa ntchito yaimpso kapena kusowa ntchito kwenikweni, impso sizingakwanitse kusefa magazi mokwanira.
• Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga (zilonda zam'mimba, zofooka zam'munsi).
• Mobwerezabwereza chikomokere, kulephera kulipirira kuchuluka kwa chakudya.
• Kulephera kudzithandiza nokha (kutengera thandizo la magulu achiwiri).

Gulu lachiwiri kulumala amalembedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi maphunziro ochepa a matenda, omwe zotsatira zake zimapezeka, monga:

• Kuchokera kumbali yamaso: retinopathy 2 kapena 3 madigiri.
• Kulephera kwa impso, komwe dialysis imasonyezedwa (kuyeretsa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera).
• Kuchokera kumbali ya dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje: kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro popanda kusokoneza chikumbumtima.
• Kuchokera kwa zotumphukira zamanjenje: kuphwanya ululu ndi kutentha kwa chidwi, paresis, kufooka, kuchepa mphamvu.
• Kudzithandiza nokha ndi kotheka, koma thandizo la magulu achiwiri likufunika.

Gulu lachitatu kulumala kukuwoneka chifukwa cha matenda ofatsa:

• Njira yopanda matenda komanso yofatsa ya matendawa.
• Zosintha zazing'onoting'ono (zoyambirira) pamagulu ndi ziwalo.

Kulemala popanda gulu

Monga mukudziwa, lembani matenda ashuga 1 a mellitus (omwe amadalira insulin) makamaka amakhudza achinyamata (mpaka zaka 40) ndi ana. Maziko a ndondomekoyi ndi kufa kwa maselo a pancreatic, omwe amapanga insulin, ndipo, motero, izi zimatsogolera ku hyperglycemia.

Mavuto ndi zovuta za matenda omwe munthu amapeza zimafanana ndendende ndi mitundu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga. Ngati mwana wadwala (ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga), amatha kudalira kulumala kwaubwana mpaka atakula. Pambuyo pa ukalamba pamakhala kuwunikiranso ndikutsimikiza choletsa choletsa kugwira ntchito kwa iye, ngati kuli kofunikira.

Momwe mungapezere gulu lolumikizana ndi matenda a shuga?

Pali zolemba zowunikira komanso zolembedwa zomwe zimakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakupeza gulu la olumala chidzadutsa mayeso azachipatala ndi malo omwe akukhalamo. Medical and Social Bureau ndi kufunsira kwa akatswiri angapo (madotolo) omwe, malinga ndi kalata yamalamulo komanso kutengera zolemba zomwe zaperekedwa, malingaliro a akatswiri ochepa matendawa amatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa kukhoza kwa munthu kugwira ntchito ndi kufunikira kwake kwa kulumala, komanso chitetezo chamagulu.

Zolemba zamankhwala zokhala ndi mawu olondola azindikira kuti ali ndi matendawa, chikhalidwe cha matendawa chimaperekedwa ndi adotolo wachigawo. Koma, zolembedwazo zisanatumizidwe kukayezetsa kuchipatala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, munthu amafunika kukayezetsa zonse zokhuza matenda ake.

ITU imasanthula ndi kufufuza

1. Kuyesedwa kwa Laborator (kuyezetsa magazi kozungulira, kuyesa kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo, kuwunika kwa mkodzo malinga ndi Nechiporenko, kuyesa kwa glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide).
2. Kufufuza kwa zida (ECG, EEG, ultrasound yam'mimba, ma ultrasound a mitsempha ya m'munsi, mapangidwe a ophthalmoscopic a optic disc).
3. Kuyang'ana kwa akatswiri okhudzana ndi (dokotala wamtima, katswiri wa zamitsempha, matenda am'mimba, opaleshoni yamaso).

Yang'anani! Mndandanda womwe uli pamwambowu ndi wokhazikika, koma, malinga ndi zomwe dokotala wakulembera, ungasinthidwe kapena kuthandizidwa.

Zolemba zofunikira pakufufuza zamankhwala ndi chikhalidwe

1. Mawu olembedwa ndi wodwala.
2. Pasipoti (satifiketi yobadwa mwa ana).
3. Kutumiza ku mayeso a zamankhwala ndi mayanjano (odzazidwa ndi adotolo omwe ali mu mawonekedwe a 088 / у - 0).
4. Zolemba zachipatala (khadi lakunja, kuchoka ku chipatala, zotsatira za mayeso, malingaliro a akatswiri).
5. Zolemba zowonjezera pamilandu iliyonse payokha ndizosiyana (buku la ntchito, chikalata chakuwona kulumala komwe kulipo, ngati uku ndikuwunikiranso).
6. Kwa ana: satifiketi yobadwa, pasipoti ya kholo limodzi kapena wosamalira, mikhalidwe kuchokera kumalo kophunzirira.

Chisankho chodandaula

Malinga ndi nthawi yomwe yapatsidwa, kuyezetsa kuchipatala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kumathetsa nkhani yofunikira yakulemala. Ngati lingaliro la Commissionyo likuyambitsa kusagwirizana, ndiye kuti itha kudandaula mkati mwa masiku atatu polemba mawu. Pankhaniyi, kuwunika mobwerezabwereza sikudzakhala komwe akukhalako, koma kuofesi yayikulu yoyeserera zamankhwala ndi chikhalidwe kwa mwezi umodzi.

Gawo lachiwiri la apilo ndi apilo ku makhoti. Lingaliro la bwalo lamilandu lamilandu ndi lomaliza ndipo silikhala pachiwopsezo.

Gulu lazolumala la shuga likhoza kuwonetsedwanso. Kutengera momwe matendawa amadziwonekera, pamene kulumala kumakulirakulira kapena kukulira, gulu la olumala limatha kusintha kuchokera lachitatu mpaka lachiwiri, kuchokera lachiwiri mpaka loyamba.

Ubwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti matendawa amafunikira kulimbikira, ndalama ndi zinthu zina, pomwe akutaya gawo kapena ntchito yathunthu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake boma limapereka mankhwala aulere, komanso maubwino ndi malipiro a gulu ili.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga (wodalira insulin) ndi oyenera kulandira kwaulere:

• insulin
• ma insulin kapena ma syringe ofotokoza,
• glucometer ndi muyeso wina wamalingaliro kwa iwo,
• mankhwala aulere omwe chipatalachi chimakhala nacho.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga (osadalira insulin) ndi oyenera kulandira zotsatirazi:

• mankhwala ochepetsa shuga,
• insulin
• glucometer ndi zingwe zoyeserera,
• mankhwala aulere omwe chipatalachi chimakhala nacho.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatumizidwa kukakonzanso m'malo opangira ma sanatoriums (nyumba zogonera).

Ponena za malo ochezera, kutengera ndi omwe ali ndi zilema, odwala amalandira penshoni. Amapatsidwanso zopindulitsa, maulendo ndi zina zambiri.

Ntchito kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga

Kukhalapo kwa matendawa pang'ono mpaka pang'ono sikuchepetsa anthu pantchito yawo. Munthu amene ali ndi matendawa, koma pakakhala zovuta zapadera, amatha kugwira ntchito iliyonse.

Nkhani yosankha ntchito iyenera kufikiridwa payekhapayekha potengera thanzi la munthu. Ntchito yokhudzana ndi maulendo apabizinesi pafupipafupi, tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kupsinjika kwa maso, komanso kugwedezeka, pakupanga zoopsa ndi mankhwala ena ali osavomerezeka.