Chithandizo chatsopano cha matenda a shuga a 2

Zomwe zoyesedwazo zimayang'anitsitsa ndikuwona momwe chithandizo chamakono chikuwonekera.

Njira yatsopano yomwe yapangidwa kumene imapangitsa madokotala kusiyanitsa zigawo za mucous za duodenum.

Awiri mwa mayunivesite amphamvu kwambiri azachipatala (Queen Elizabeth II Conference Center ndi bungwe lalikulu kwambiri la Nottingham) alowa nawo gulu lankhondo. Tsopano akugwira ntchito limodzi pantchito yoyesera ya Revita DMR. Pakadali pano, uwu ndi mzinda woyamba wa Chingerezi (kunja kwa London), momwe polojekiti komanso njira zochizira matenda ashuga zachitika mozama.

Momwe Revita DMR Imagwirira Ntchito

Asayansi ku Nottingham akukhulupirira kuti njira yomwe aphunzirayi ikhala njira yatsopano yopangira matenda ashuga.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndi thandizo lake zigawo za mucous membrane zimasiyanitsidwa mosavuta, pambuyo pake catheter imayikidwa mu duodenum popanda mavuto.

Kodi amathandizidwa bwanji?

• Njira yatsopano yothandizira ndikutsitsa catheter yaying'ono kudzera mmero kupita ku duodenum.
• Kenako, kudzera mwa iyo, balloon yaying'ono imasamula madzi kupita nawo m'mimba.
• Amakhulupilira kuti mankhwalawa athandiza kusintha kwa machitidwe a ziwalozo komanso kukhudza moyenera kusintha kwa insulin.

Zomwe zapezedwa posachedwa pantchito ya mankhwala a metabolic zimatsimikizira kuti ndikulimbana kwa insulin komwe kumakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa duodenum.

Ndipo zimakonda kupsa mtima:

• Khalidwe losasangalatsa
• Zakudya zoyipa.
• Kutsika kwa insulin chiwopsezo kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya, monga mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga kapena mtundu wina wa mowa wa steatohepatitis (NASH).

Zotsatira zoyesera zoyambirira za njira zamakono zochizira matenda a shuga a 2

Kutsika kwa kukana kwamphamvu kwa mahomoni komwe kumachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Revita DMR kuyenera kuthandizira kuyimitsa kupitilira kwa matenda a endocrine. Maphunziro a chaka chatha omwe adagwiritsa ntchito adawonetsa kusintha kwakanthawi kochepa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi hypoglycemia. Kuyesa kwinanso komwe kukuchitika kungayang'ane pakupeza phindu lokhalitsa ndikuwatsimikizira njira zotetezedwa.

Njira yofunsira chithandizo ndi njira yovulaza yowonongeka. Ndipo kulowererapo kwake m'thupi sikunaphunzirebe mokwanira. Mwambowu umachitika mwachangu ndipo nthawi yomwe akuyembekezerayo ndi yochepera ola. Komanso, ukachitika, wodwalayo amatha kubwerera kuntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, osayang'aniridwa ndi madokotala kuchipatala. Mitundu ina yoletsa zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku sikuletsedwa.

Zotsatira zamatenda a 2 a shuga

Asayansi akufufuza ku Yunivesite ya Nottingham, atsimikiza kuti kwa odwala makumi asanu ndi limodzi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, njirayi idabweretsa zotsatira zathanzi.

Izi zikutsimikiziranso kuti Revita DMR ndiyothandiza komanso yotetezeka. Motere, odzipereka amalembedwa omwe amakonda kusokoneza owopsa pakulimbana ndi insulin ndi maselo amthupi lathu. Mankhwala awo, othandizira odwala matenda am'mimba (omwe safunika kuperekedwa) adzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyesa koyambirira, pambuyo pa mgwirizano wamitundu yonse, zakonzedwa kumapeto kwa Novembala chaka chino.

Mulinso:

• Mayesero azachipatala omwe amayendetsedwa ndi placebo
• Kuyang'anira odwala kwa miyezi itatu (kuwunika glycemia ndi chiwindi ntchito),
• Kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo angapo azachipatala.

Kuyesaku kukuthandizira zomwe zidachitidwa kale, pomwe odzipereka 50 ochokera padziko lonse lapansi adatenga nawo gawo.

Kodi tsogolo la REVITA-2 ndi lotani?

Pulofesa Iskandar Idis, katswiri wasayansi ya matenda ashuga komanso wofufuza wamkulu pa University of Nottingham, anati: "Timu yanga tili ndi mwayi wogwira nawo ntchito limodzi pachipatala chatsopanochi."

Dr. Harit Rajagopalan, woyambitsa mnzake komanso CEO wa Fractyl Laboratories, yemwe akuchita nawo kafukufuku wa Revita DMR, akuti: "Revita DMR ali ndi mwayi wothana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa insulin odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Mwazi wawo wamagazi ndiwachilendo ngakhale mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tikuyembekeza kuti REVITA-2 itsimikizire chitetezo cha njirayi. ”

Mawu olonjeza amenewo mosakaikira amapereka chiyembekezo chobweretsa njira zamatenda zatsopano zam'tsogolo mtsogolo.

Tili ndi chiyembekezo kuti mtundu wa 2 wodwala mellitus ndi chithandizo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano, komanso malingaliro ochokera ku maphunziro aposachedwa atsimikizira kufunikira kwake. Chifukwa chake, kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu machitidwe ofunikira pakuchiza matenda a shuga posachedwa kumakwaniritsidwa.

Mawu ochepa onena za matendawa

Mosiyana ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, T2DM ndiyotheka kuchira, makamaka ngati mungayambitse m'nthawi yake. Ndi matendawa, ntchito ya kapamba imasungidwa, ndiye kuti, palibe kuchepa kwa insulin mthupi, monga momwe zimakhalira poyamba. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chamankhwala sichofunikira pano.

Komabe, chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa T2DM, kuchuluka kwa shuga mumwazi, kapamba "amakhulupirira" kuti sagwira ntchito mokwanira komanso kumathandizira kupanga insulin. Zotsatira zake, chiwalochi chimakakamizika kupsinjika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa maselo ake komanso kusintha kwa T2DM kupita ku T1DM.

Chifukwa chake, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti odwala awo aziyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi awo ndipo, akachuluka, nthawi yomweyo amachitapo kanthu kuti achepetse malire ake. Ndi T2DM, ndizokwanira kumangotsatira kadyedwe ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati izi sizithandiza, mutha kuyang'ana ku thandizo la mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Koma chithandizo chonsechi cha shuga chimatha. Ndipo poganizira kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akudwala matendawa chikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse, madokotala akuwonjezeranso njira yatsopano ya 2 yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga omwe amaperekedwa ndi asayansi komanso makampani osiyanasiyana opanga mankhwala. Kodi amalola kugonjetsa matendawa, kapena amalepheretsa kupitilira kwake? Izi ndi zina zambiri tidzazikambirana tsopano.

Njira zatsopano zamankhwala zopangira T2DM zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zamankhwala, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zomwe zimatchedwa glitazones. Amagawika m'magulu awiri - pioglitazones ndi rosiglitazones. Zinthu zothandizazi zimathandizira kukondoweza kwa ma receptors omwe amapezeka mu nuclei ya adipose ndi minofu minofu. Pamene maphikidwe awa adakonzedwa, pamakhala kusintha kwa zolembedwa zamtundu zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka kwa glucose ndi lipid metabolism, chifukwa chomwe maselo amthupi amayamba kulumikizana ndi insulin, kuyamwa glucose ndikuletsa kuti asakhazikike m'magazi.

Mankhwala otsatirawa ali m'gulu la pioglitazones:

Kudya kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika kamodzi kokha patsiku, mosasamala nthawi yakudya. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa chithandizo, mlingo wawo ndi 15-30 mg. Zikachitika kuti pioglitazone sichimapereka zotsatira zabwino motere, mlingo wake umachulukitsidwa kufika pa 45 mg. Ngati mankhwalawa atengedwa limodzi ndi mankhwala ena othandizira T2DM, ndiye kuti mlingo wake woyenera sayenera kupitirira 30 mg patsiku.

Zokhudza rosiglitazones, mankhwala otsatirawa ndi a gulu lawo:

Mankhwalawa aposachedwa amatengedwa pakamwa kangapo patsiku, komanso mosasamala nthawi yakudya. Pa magawo oyambirira a mankhwalawa, mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa rosinlitazone ndi 4 mg (2 mg imodzi). Ngati mavutowo sanawonedwe, amatha kuwonjezeka mpaka 8 mg. Popanga mankhwala ophatikiza, mankhwalawa amatengedwa pamlingo wochepa - osapitirira 4 mg pa tsiku.

Posachedwa, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2. Ma rosiglitizans onse ndi pioglitazones ali ndi zabwino zambiri. Kulandila kwawo kumapereka:

• utachepa insulin,
• kutsekereza lipolysis, komwe kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwamafuta acid m'magazi, zomwe zimakhudza kugawa kwamphamvu kwa minofu ya adipose,
• kuchepa kwa triglycerides,
• kuchuluka kwamagazi a HDL (high density lipoproteins).

Chifukwa cha zonse izi, mukamamwa mankhwalawa, chiphuphu chokhazikika cha matenda osokoneza bongo chimatheka - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse komanso momwe wodwalayo amakhalira bwino.

Komabe, mankhwalawa amakhalanso ndi zovuta:

• glitazones ndi otsika pogwira ntchito kwa "abale" awo, omwe amagwirizana ndi magulu a sulfonylurea ndi metformins,
• rosiglitazones amaswa chifukwa cha vuto la mtima ndi mtima, chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa matenda a mtima kapena matenda a mtima (ndipo mtima wamatsenga umakhudzidwa makamaka ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga)
• glitazones imakulitsa chilakolako cha thupi ndikuwonjezera thupi, zomwe ndizosafunikira kwambiri pakupanga matenda a shuga a 2, chifukwa izi zimatha kudzetsa mavuto ena azaumoyo komanso kusintha kwa T2DM kupita ku T1DM.

Zizindikiro ndi contraindication

Pioglitazones ndi rosiglitazones angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala oyima pawekha pochiza T2DM, komanso kuphatikiza ndi sulfonylurea ndi metformin (kuphatikiza mankhwalawa kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda oopsa). Monga lamulo, amawerengedwa pokhapokha ngati mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi olimbitsa thupi atha kupereka zotsatira zabwino.

Choyimira chachikulu pakugwiritsira ntchito pioglitazones ndi rosiglitazones ndizotsatira zathupi lamoyo ndi zam'thupi:

• mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere
• wazaka 18
• lembani matenda ashuga 1 a shuga ndi zina momwe mumafunika mankhwala a insulin,
• kupitilira gawo la ALT nthawi zopitilira 2.5,
• matenda a chiwindi mu pachimake gawo.

Kuphatikiza pa chakuti mankhwala am'badwo watsopano awa ali ndi contraindication, amakhalanso ndi zovuta. Nthawi zambiri, akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati odwala, zotsatirazi zimadziwika:

• • Edema, mawonekedwe ake omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa magwiridwe antchito a mankhwalawa kuti azitha kusunga madzi mthupi. Ndipo izi zitha kusokoneza ntchito ya mtima ndi mitsempha, kuonjezera zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwa mtima, kuchepa kwa mtima ndi zina zomwe zingawopseze wodwalayo.
  • Kutsika kwa hemoglobin m'magazi (magazi m'thupi), omwe amadzala ndi zovuta zamkati mwaubongo, pomwe amayamba kufa ndi njala. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi, kumakhala kuphwanya kayendedwe kazisamba, kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa patency, kusangalala kwa CNS, ndi zina zambiri. Zinthu zonsezi zimasokoneza wodwalayo.
  • Kuphwanya ntchito za michere ya chiwindi (ALT ndi AST), yomwe imakhala chifukwa chopanga chiwindi ndi kulephera kwina kwa zinthu zina. Chifukwa chake, mukamatenga pioglitazones ndi reseiglitazones, muyenera kupimidwa magazi pafupipafupi. Ndipo pamenepo

ngati kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes amenewa kumaposa kuchuluka kwa nthawi zopitilira 2.5, kuthetsedwako kwa mankhwalawa ndikofunikira.

Incretinomimetics

Gulu lina latsopano la mankhwala omwe posachedwapa anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2. Mwa izi, otchuka kwambiri ndi Exenatide ndi Sitagliptin. Monga lamulo, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi Metformin.

• kuchuluka kwa insulin,
• malamulo apangidwe a madzi a m'mimba,
• kuchedwetsa njira za chimbudzi ndi kuperewera kwa chakudya, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuponderezedwa kwa njala ndi kuwonda.

Mukamamwa ingretinomimetics, mseru ndi m'mimba zimatha. Komabe, malinga ndi madotolo, izi zoyipa zimachitika pokhapokha pamankhwala. Thupi likangoyamba kuzolowera mankhwalawa, amazimiririka (zimatenga masiku 3-7).

Mankhwalawa amapereka kuwonjezeka kwa insulin m'magazi ndikutchingira kapangidwe ka glucagon, chifukwa chomwe shuga mumagazi imakhazikika komanso mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umakhala bwino. Ingretinomimetics imakhala ndi zotsatira zokhalitsa, chifukwa chake, kuti apeze zotsatira zosatha, kudya kwawo ndikokwanira kuchita nthawi imodzi yokha patsiku.

Maselo a tsinde

Chithandizo cha cell cha tsinde la mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndi njira yodula koma yothandiza kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo samapereka zotsatira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito maselo a tsinde pochiza matenda a shuga kungakwaniritse zotsatirazi:

• kubwezeretsa kwathunthu kwa ntchito za pancreatic ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin,
• kusintha kwa kagayidwe kachakudya njira,
• Kuchotsa kwa endocrine matenda.

Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito maselo a tsinde, zimatha kuchotsa matenda ashuga, omwe kale sanali kuzikwaniritsa. Komabe, chithandizo choterechi chili ndi zovuta. Kuphatikiza apo popeza njirayi ndi yodula kwambiri, siyimamvekanso bwino, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito maselo am'mimba mwa wodwala kumatha kubweretsa kusintha kosayembekezereka kwa thupi.

Magnetotherapy

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 ndizovuta zambiri zamafuta komanso kupsinjika, zomwe zimapangitsa kupangika kwa mahomoni m'thupi monga thyroxine ndi adrenaline. Kuti ma mahomoni awa atha kukonzedwa, thupi limafunikira mpweya wambiri, womwe mutha kupeza mulingo woyenera kudzera mukuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Koma popeza anthu ambiri alibe nthawi yochita masewera, mahomoni awa amadziunjikira m'thupi, zomwe zimayambitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zamatumbo momwemo. Ndipo matenda a shuga a 2 ayamba kukulira. Pankhaniyi, kugwiritsa ntchito magnetotherapy ndikothandiza kwambiri, komwe kumayendetsa ntchito ya ziwalo zonse zamkati ndikulimbikitsa kugwira ntchito kwa thyroxine ndi adrenoline, potero kuletsa kupititsa patsogolo kwa matendawa komanso kuchepetsa matenda a shuga.

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito magnetotherapy sikutheka nthawi zonse. Ali ndi zolakwika zake, monga:

• chifuwa chachikulu
• mimba
• hypotension
• kutentha kwambiri
• matenda oncological.

Ngakhale njira zambiri zochizira matenda amtundu wa 2 zawonekeranso ngati mankhwala, ziyenera kumveka kuti onse samamveka bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kungayambitse zotsatira zosayembekezereka. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukuganiza kuyesa njira zamakono zochizira matendawa nokha, lingalirani mosamala ndikukambirana zovuta zonse ndi dokotala.

Kusiyana pakati pa njira yamakono ndi yachikhalidwe

Monga mukuwonera, chidziwitso chatsopano cha matenda a shuga chimatengera njira yachikhalidwe. Akatswiri amasiyanitsa zosiyana zingapo pakati pa njira ziwiri izi:

• metformin imayikidwa limodzi ndi zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• Nthawi iliyonse yamankhwala, zolinga zawo zimakhazikitsidwa - ngati palibe kusintha komwe kwachitika, pokhapokha pitani gawo lina,
• magawo enieni a wodwalayo amakumbukiridwa - hemoglobin ya glycated iyenera kukhala yochepera 7%,
• Njira zachikhalidwe sizimapereka chiwonjezeko chambiri muyezo wa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Kusiyana kumeneku kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndikuwonetsa njira zochiritsira wodwalayo. Amadziyang'anira payokha mthupi. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira muzochitika zonsezi chifukwa cha njira yophatikizika, yomwe imakhudza matendawa.

Chithunzi cha kuchipatala

Matendawa amawonekera mu zotsatirazi zosasangalatsa:

• ludzu losalekeza komanso pakamwa louma
• dzanzi pang'ono miyendo ndi mikono, m'malo osasamala, zilonda zam'mimba ndizotheka,
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• Kuuma ndi kuwonongeka kwa khungu,
• kutopa ndi kufooka kosalekeza,
• mavuto ndi kusowa kwa chakudya ndi chimbudzi.

Ngati zizindikiro zingapo zapezeka, iyi ndi nthawi yoyenera kuchezera dokotala. Mukangoyamba chithandizo cha matenda, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofooketsa zotsatira zake zoipa m'thupi kapena kuchira.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, koma njira yake imatha kutha ndipo mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga amachotsedwa. Njira zakuchira zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Kukhalapo kwa thupi lathu ndikosatheka popanda kulowa kwa glucose mu selo iliyonse. Izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati pali insulin ya mahomoni. Amalumikizana ndi cholumikizira chapadera ndikuthandizira molekyu ya glucose kulowa mkati. Ma cell a pancreatic amapanga insulin. Amatchedwa maselo a beta ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa m'misukulu.

Ma glucagon amakhudzanso kusinthana kwa shuga. Amapangidwanso ndi ma cell a pancreatic, koma amakhala ndi zotsutsana. Glucagon amadzutsa shuga m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga ndi amitundu iwiri. Mtundu woyamba, insulin siipangidwa konse. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune m'maselo a beta. Chifukwa cha izi, glucose onse amayenda m'magazi, koma osalowa mu minofu. Matenda amtunduwu amakhudza ana ndi achinyamata.

Type 2 shuga

Musanaphunzire momwe njira zatsopano zakugwirira ntchito pochizira matenda a shuga 2 zimagwirira ntchito, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mtundu wa 2 wodwala amathandizidwira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yakale.

Lingaliro la chithandizo ndi njira yachikhalidwe limapangidwa poyang'anira mwamphamvu shuga wambiri m'thupi la wodwalayo, poganizira za momwe thupi limakhalira ndi machitidwe a matendawa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachikhalidwe, chithandizo cha matendawa chimachitika njira zonse zodziwira matenda zitachitika. Akalandira chidziwitso chazonse zokhudzana ndi thupi, adotolo amakupatsani chithandizo chamankhwala ndikusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri kwa wodwalayo.

Chithandizo cha matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe chimaphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi mankhwalawa, mwachitsanzo, mtundu 1 wa shuga, zakudya zapadera zamagulu, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala apadera ayenera kumwedwa ngati gawo la mankhwala a insulin.

Cholinga chachikulu chomwe ndimagwiritsidwe ntchito a matenda a shuga ndikuchotsa chizindikiro chomwe chimawoneka pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kukwera kapena pamene kugwera kwambiri pansi pazomwe zimachitika. Mankhwala atsopano opangidwa ndi akatswiri opanga mankhwala amapangitsa kuti pakhale shuga wambiri m'thupi la wodwalayo akamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Njira zachikhalidwe zochizira matenda ashuga zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachikhalidwe kwakanthawi yayitali, nthawi yamankhwala ingatenge zaka zingapo.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatenda ndi matenda ashuga 2. Kuphatikiza mankhwala amtunduwu wa shuga kumafunikanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kutalika kwakanthawi kothandizidwa ndi njira yachikhalidwe kumakakamiza madokotala kuyamba kufunafuna njira zatsopano zochizira matenda ashuga komanso mankhwala aposachedwa kwambiri pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2, omwe adzafupikitsa nthawi yayitali.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufuku wamakono, lingaliro latsopano lothandizira matenda a shuga lapangidwa.

Kupanga njira zamankhwala mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano ndikusintha njira munthawi ya chithandizo.

Kafukufuku wamakono akuonetsa kuti pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, nthawi yakwana yoti asinthe lingaliro. Kusiyana kwakuthupi komwe matenda amakono amakuyerekeza ndi miyambo ndikuti, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amakono ndi njira zamankhwala, mwachangu momwe zingatherere matenda a glycemia m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Israeli ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi mankhwala otsogola. Yoyamba yokhudza njira yatsopano yovomerezeka idakambidwa ndi Dr. Shmuel Levit, yemwe amagwira ntchito kuchipatala cha Asud ku Israel. Kuchita bwino kwa Israeli pakuchiza matenda a shuga ndi njira yatsopanoyo kudavomerezedwa ndi Komiti Yadziko Lonse Yazachipatala pakuzindikira matenda ndi matenda a shuga.

Kugwiritsira ntchito njira yachikhalidwe yochiritsira poyerekeza ndi yamakono kuli ndi zovuta zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira yogwiritsira ntchito njira yachikhalidwe ndiyosakhalitsa, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kubwereza maphunziro a chithandizo.

Akatswiri a endocrinology amasiyanitsa magawo atatu akuluakulu mankhwalawa mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga, omwe amapereka njira yamakono yochizira matenda a kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito metformin kapena dimethylbiguanide - mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga m'thupi.

Zochita za mankhwala ndi izi:

1. Chidacho chimapereka kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a m'magazi.
2. Kuchulukitsa chidwi kwa maselo mu minofu yodalira insulini kupita ku insulin.
3. Kupereka kuthamanga kwa shuga kwa maselo pakufalikira kwa thupi.
4. Kuthamanga kwa mafuta acid oxidation njira.
5. Kuchepetsa shuga m'mimba.

Kuphatikiza ndi mankhwalawa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamtunduwu monga:

• insulin
• glitazone
• Kukonzekera kwa sulfonylurea.

Kutheka kokwanira kumatheka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yothandizira mankhwalawa pochulukitsa mulingo wa mankhwala pakapita nthawi pofika 50-100%

Protocol yamankhwala mogwirizana ndi njira yatsopano imalola mwayi wophatikiza mankhwala omwe ali ndi zotsatira zomwezo. Zipangizo zamankhwala zimakupatsani mwayi wothandizira panthawi yochepa kwambiri.

Zochita zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwalawa zimapangidwa kuti zisinthe momwe mankhwalawo amachitikira, kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndikumachepetsa insulin.

Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo molingana ndi njira yamakono imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga a mtundu 2.

Cholinga chachikulu ndicho kuchepetsa magazi. Zimatengera zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kulemera kwa thupi. Kutalika kwake, kumtunda kumakhala kudya shuga m'magazi ndikatha kudya.

Chotsatira chabwino chitha kupezeka mwa kuchepa thupi. Pali nthawi zina pamene wodwala yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda adatsata mosamalitsa zakudya ndikuchepetsa thupi. Izi zinali zokwanira kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kwamisempha yamagazi ndi kusiya mankhwala.

Mankhwala atsopano

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2 amayamba ndi mapiritsi. Metformin yoyambirira yoyambirira, ngati kuli kotheka, mulumikizeni mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la sulfonylurea. Posachedwa, magulu awiri azachipatala atsopano ayambika.

Gulu loyamba ndi mankhwala a glyphlozin gulu. Limagwirira awo zochita zachokera kuwonjezeredwa kwa shuga mu mkodzo. Izi zimabweretsa kutsika magazi. Zotsatira zake, kupanga insulin ndi maselo ake a beta amayamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali glyphlozines kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa odwala ambiri.

Mankhwala othandiza, mankhwala a gululi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. The yogwira ndi dapagliflozin. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a mzere wachiwiri ndikusagwira bwino kwa chithandizo cha chikhalidwe.

Gulu lachiwiri ndi ma incretin mimetics, ndiye kuti, zinthu zomwe zimatsutsana nawo. Ma insretins ndi mahomoni apadera omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo a khoma lamatumbo atatha kudya. Amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose mukatha kudya. Mu matenda a shuga, kubisala kwawo kwachilengedwe kumachepetsedwa. Chofunika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi glucagon-peptide (GLP-1).

Pali magulu awiri m'gulu lino. Gulu limodzi limatulutsa ma enzyme omwe amawononga ma insretin awo. Chifukwa chake, zochita za mahomoni awa zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa masiku onse. Mankhwalawa amatchedwa glyptins.

Zili ndi zotsatirazi:

1. Yambitsani kupanga kwa insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimachitika pokhapokha kuchuluka kwa glucose kukwera kuposa pamimba yopanda kanthu.
2. Pondani chinsinsi cha glucagon ya mahomoni, omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
3. Phatikizani kuchulukitsa kwa maselo a beta a kapamba.

Njira zonsezi zimayambitsa kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi. M'dziko lathu, mankhwala omwe ali ndi yogwira chinthu sitagliptin, vildagliptin ndi saxagliptin adalembetsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi ma endocrinologists ngati mankhwala a mzere wachiwiri.

Mwachikhalidwe, matenda a shuga a 1 amathandizidwa ndikuyambitsa insulin kuchokera kunja. Ndizosavuta kuchita izi mothandizidwa ndi pampu ya insulin, yomwe imakhala pansi pakhungu nthawi zonse. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni.

Koma chithandizo cha insulin sichimakupulumutsani ku zovuta. Monga lamulo, amakula ndi matenda nthawi yayitali zaka makumi angapo. Uwu ndi zotupa za impso, maso, mitsempha ya mitsempha. Mavuto amachepetsa kwambiri moyo ndipo amatha kudwala.

Njira yatsopanoyi ikukhudzana ndi chithandizo cha ma cell. Asayansi anakakamiza maselo a gland kuti apange insulin. Nthawi zina, amakhala ndi mahomoni ochepa.

Kuyesaku kunachitika pa makoswe momwe matenda a shuga anapangidwira. Poyesererapo, maselo amtundu wathunthu ankayang'aniridwa mwa nyama ndi kutukuka pansi mwapadera.

Nthawi yomweyo, adakhala ndi mwayi wopanga insulini yofanana ndi ya cell ya beta ya kapamba. Kuchuluka kwake kunadalira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, monga zimachitika mwa munthu wathanzi.

Kenako maselo amenewa analowetsedwa m'mimba.
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Pambuyo kanthawi, adapezeka mu zikondamoyo za nyama zoyesera. Palibe maselo otseguka m'mimba omwe amapezeka mu ziwalo zina zam'mimba. Miyezi ya shuga ya m'magazi inatsika msanga. Ndiye kuti, poyesa, chithandizo cha matenda ashuga omwe anali ndi njirayi adachita bwino.

Ndibwino chifukwa maselo ake omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mosiyana ndi kuperekera minofu yaopereka, zochita zakukana sizimadzilekanitsa konse. Palibe chiopsezo chotupa chotupa chomwe asayansi amawona akamagwira ntchito ndi masentimita am'mimba.

Zomwe zimapangidwazo zikuwonetseredwa padziko lonse lapansi. Tanthauzo la zomwe apezazi ndizovuta kuzikhulupirira. Zimapatsa chiyembekezo kupangitsa mtundu woyamba wa shuga kukhala matenda ochiritsika.

Njira zatsopano zothandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi zina mwazinthu zachipatala zomwe zimapangidwa kwambiri. Zatsopano zomwe zimachitika kwa odwala matenda ashuga zimatha kukhala njira yabwino komanso njira yochotsera vutoli mwachangu popanda chofufuza.

Osati maukadaulo onse awa omwe amawonedwa mozama, ndipo ena amawonedwa ngati osachita. Komabe, musasokoneze mankhwala aposachedwa kapena katemera, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2, ndi mankhwala ena.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi zonse amaonera kuti ndi mankhwala atsopano ati omwe abwera kudzachiritsa matendawa. Masiku ano, chithandizo chachikhalidwe chayamba kulowa, ndipo chatsopano, chamakono komanso chothandiza chikuchitika. Kodi ndimtundu wanji wa chithandizo ichi? Kodi mfundo zake ndi ziti? Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi akatswiri athu pankhaniyi.

Musanafike pokambirana njira zamakono zochizira matenda a shuga 2, ndikofunikira kuganizira za njira zamwambo.

Choyamba, cholinga chake chimatengera machitidwe a matendawa. Dokotala wopita kuchipatala amapenda wodwalayo mosamala, ndi kum'patsa njira zozunzira, kenako n'kupereka chithandizo chokwanira.

Kachiwiri, njira yachikhalidweyi ndi yovuta, yomwe muyenera kutsatira zakudya zapadera, komanso muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopepuka - zolimbitsa thupi komanso zotheka.

Chachitatu, cholinga chachikulu cha njira iyi pochizira matenda a shuga a 2 ndikuchotsa chizindikiro chomwe chikuwoneka pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga m'magazi kuti akwaniritse chindapusa cha kagayidwe kazakudya.

Kupanda kutero, padzakhala kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kuti muchepetse shuga, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi vuto lofananalo.

Chachinayi, njirayi ndi yayitali kwambiri - kuyambira miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka zingapo.

Samalani

Malinga ndi WHO, chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi anthu 2 miliyoni amafa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake. Pokhapokha pakhale thandizo loyenerera la thupi, shuga imabweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana, pang'onopang'ono kuwononga thupi la munthu.

Mavuto ambiri omwe amakonda ndi awa: matenda ashuga a m'mimba, nephropathy, retinopathy, zilonda zam'mimba, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis. Matenda a shuga amathanso kuyambitsa kukula kwa zotupa za khansa. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, wodwala matenda ashuga amwalira, akulimbana ndi matenda opweteka, kapena amasintha kukhala munthu wolumala.

Kodi anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatani? Endocrinological Research Center ya ku Russia Academy of Medical Sayansi idachita bwino