Njira ya glucase oxidase kutsimikiza njira

Mfundo za njira. Njira yake imatengera mtundu wa zochita za glucose oxidase enzyme. Vutoli limachulukitsa glucose pamaso pa okosijeni mpweya kuti apange gluconolactone, yomwe imangokhala hydrolyzes ku gluconic acid. Glucose oxidase oxidase glucose amapanga hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), yomwe imakumana ndi 4-aminoantipyrine ndi phenol mothandizidwa ndi peroxidase. Zotsatira zake, penti yapinki yapamwamba imapangidwa yomwe kupindika kwamaso pa 510 nm ndikufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose mu sampuli.

shuga + O₂ + H₂O → gluconic acid + H₂O₂

2 N₂O₂ + 4-aminoantipyrine + phenol → quinonymine + 4H₂O

Zida CPK, centrifuge, thermostat, poyimitsa, machubu oyesera, ma mapaipi, zida zachilengedwe, ma reagents omwe ali mu yankho la ntchito.

zitsanzo zoyesera, ml

muyezo zitsanzo, ml

mayeso opanda pake (N₂O), ml

Glucose calibration solution (Buku)

Tubes amakwiriridwa mu thermostat ku 37 ° C kwa mphindi 15, kenako utoto pa CPC yokhala ndi fyuluta yobiriwira mumipanda yokhala ndi makulidwe a 5 mm motsutsana ndi pepala lopanda kanthu (N₂O). Mtundu wa pinki umakhala wokhazikika kwa ola limodzi pambuyo makulidwe.

Kuwerengera glucose zomwe zimapangidwa ndi formula:

C =x C muyezo pati

C ndi zomwe glucose amapezeka mu zoyesera, mol / l,

Eop - mawonekedwe opindika a chitsanzo,

Amadya - kutalika kwa mtundu wa calibration,

C muyezo - zomwe zili mu yankho la calibration, mol / l.

Makhalidwe abwinobwino:  akhanda - 2.8-4.4 mmol / l

 ana - 3,9 -5.8 mmol / l

 akuluakulu - 3,9 - 6.2 mmol / l

Hypoglycemia (GHC).Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika pazifukwa zambiri, malinga ndi momwe magulu awiri a hyperglycemia amasiyanikirana.

1. Yobisalira - yolumikizidwa ndi insulin yokwanira mthupi kapena chifukwa chosagwira ntchito yake.

2. Zowonjezera (zowonjezera) - sizimatengera mphamvu ya insulin.

Njira zotsatirazi ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga HHCs: kuwonjezeka kwa glycogen, kuchuluka kwa neoglucogeneis, kulepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen, kuchepa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa minofu yogwiritsa ntchito ma insulin antagonists: somatotropin, glucorticoids, thyroxine, thyrotropin.

Alimentary hyperglycemia imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (mwachitsanzo, hyperglycemia yokhala ndi shuga). "Hepatic" hyperglycemia imachitika ndikuwonetsa zotupa za chiwindi.

Hyperglycemia wolimba komanso wolimba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda ashuga. Ndichizolowezi kupatula anthu odwala matenda a shuga ogwirizana ndi matenda a shuga komanso osagwirizana ndi insulin, kapena, motero, lembani matenda a shuga a mellitus ndi mtundu II shuga mellitus. Kapangidwe ka matenda amtundu wa shuga ndimakhudzana ndi kusokonekera kaphatikizidwe ndi kagayidwe ka insulin.

Gulu lachiwiri la hyperglycemia limalumikizidwa makamaka ndi kuchepa kwa timadzi ta endocrine timene timatulutsa timadzi ta m'magazi - insulin antagonists. Amawonedwa ngati matenda monga Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome ndi matenda, acromegaly, thyrotooticosis, pheochromocytoma, glucoganoma. Magazi a shuga m'magazi amawonjezeka ndimatenda ena a chiwindi (makamaka, mu 10-30% ya odwala matenda a chiwindi), hemochromatosis (pigmented chiwindi cirrhosis, matenda a shuga a bronze).

Hypoglycemia (GPG) - kuchepa kwamagazi m'magazi - nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwathunthu kapena wachibale m'magazi a insulin. Extrapancreatic hypoglycemia amadziwika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika pakati pa zovuta za glycogenolysis ndi glyconeogeneis mu chiwindi mu pachimake komanso matenda a chiwindi, kuledzera, poyizoni, kupweteka kwa chiwindi, poizoni wambiri, matenda oopsa a chiwindi. . Kuchepetsa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonedwa kawirikawiri ndi odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya kum'mero ​​ndi zotupa zina zotupa za kunja-kwa pancreatic (fibroma, fibrosarcoma, neuroma), komanso kusanza kosalephera, matenda a chinzonono, matenda a shuga a hepatic, uremia, pruse lactation ndi glucosuria mwa amayi apakati.

Hypoglycemia imatha kukhala yachigawo chifukwa cha kuvulala kwamisala, encephalitis, hemorrhage wam'mimba, chotupa muubongo.

1. Mavuto obadwa nawo a chimbudzi cha chakudya.

2. Ndi mitundu iti ya hyperglucoseemia yomwe mumadziwika nayo?

3. Kodi zifukwa zoyambitsa matenda a hyperglucoseemia ndi ziti?

4. Kodi chimayambitsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda a shuga chimakhala chotani?

5. Kodi zifukwa zoyipa za matenda obadwa nawo ndi ziti: a) glycogenosis? b) aglycogenosis? c) fructosemia? d) galactosemia?

6. Kodi kusintha kwa zamankhwala kachulukidwe kabwino m'thupi kumakhala kotani pakusala kudya?

7. Mfundo ya njira yodziwira kulolera kwa glucose.

Kodi njira ya glucose oxidase imayikidwa liti?

Kuyeza kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze vuto loleza shuga komanso kukula kwa prediabetes, komanso kutalika kwa matendawa. Koma pazifukwa zotere, kuwunika sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwake ndikuyembekeza kwakutali chifukwa chotsatira. Nthawi zambiri, kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo wogwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikiritsa matenda monga:

Shuga amachepetsedwa nthawi yomweyo! Matenda a shuga m'kupita kwa nthawi angayambitse matenda ambiri, monga mavuto amawonedwe, khungu ndi tsitsi, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda otupa! Anthu amaphunzitsa zinzake zowawa kuti azisintha shuga. werengani.

• lactose tsankho
• fructose tsankho,
• secretion wa fructose ndi madzi amthupi,
• kuchuluka kwa pentose mu mkodzo.

Mwayi wosakayikitsa wa mayeso a glucose oxidase ndikulondola kwake.

Kodi njira iyi ndi yotani?

Pali njira zingapo zodziwira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, koma oxidase ya glucase ndiyo yolondola kwambiri. Zimakhazikitsidwa kuti panthawi yomwe shuga imalumikizana ndi mpweya wam'mlengalenga, reagent imatulutsidwa. Hydrogen peroxide imatulutsidwa mu yankho. Izi zimalumikizana ndi orthotoluidine kuti apange gulu lowoneka bwino. Pazomwe mukuchita, kukhalapo kwa michere yapadera ndikofunikira. Panthawi ya oxidation, glucose oxidase ayenera kukhalapo, ndipo pakukhazikitsa madzi, peroxidase iyenera kukhalapo. Kukula kwamtundu wa yankho kumadalira glucose zomwe zimakhala ndipo ndizowona kwambiri pazambiri zake.

Chinsinsi cha glucose oxidase glucose kutsimikiza

Kufufuza zotsatira kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochulukitsa zojambula patatha nthawi yofananira. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera yomwe ili ndi shuga wina wambiri, kuyambira pamenepo, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi amthupi, nthawi zambiri m'magazi.

Kodi kusanthula kumachitika bwanji?

Katundu amatengedwa kuchokera kwa wodwala pamimba yopanda kanthu. Poyesa, magazi a venous amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa 5 ml. Madzulo matenda, wodwala akuwonetsedwa zakudya. Izi zipangitsa kuti athe kuweruza kudalirika kwa zotsatirapo komanso kupatula zolakwika pakuwunika. Pakadutsa masiku awiri asanatenge magazi, wodwalayo ayenera kusiya zizolowezi zakumwa mowa komanso kusuta. M'pofunikanso kuchepetsa kudya zakudya zotsekemera kwambiri komanso kupewa zinthu zovuta ngati zingatheke.

Kuti mupeze plasma ndi shuga, magazi amachepetsa.

Nthawi zambiri, njira yodziwira glucose glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi centrifugation, yomwe imapangidwa pazinthu zina. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwatsimikiziridwa kale mu plasma. Pamene ma reagents onse ofunika amawonjezeredwa, mtunduwo umawonedwa pambuyo pa mphindi 20 ngati kuyesedwa kumachitika ndi kutentha kwa firiji. Kuwerengera kwa shuga kumachitika molingana ndi ndandanda yowerengera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la servings.

Kafukufuku Wothandizira

Kuti mudziwe shuga, ndikofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonetsera shuga m'magazi. Izi ndichifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mosavuta komanso zotsatira zake mwachangu. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo safunika kupita kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala. Koma mosiyana ndi mayeso a okosijeni a glucose, kuzindikira koteroko ndikosadalirika. Popeza sizimasiyanitsa shuga ndi shuga ena ndikuwona momwe zimakhalira limodzi.

Maziko a glucose oxidase anachita ndi sodium chloride 9% yankho ndi zinc sulfate 50%. Amawonjezeredwa pa gawo la centrifugation la magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, yankho la buffer ndi acetic acid ndi sodium acetate imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira ya titration imatsimikizira pH yake pa 4.8. Pambuyo pake, gluidose oxidase imawonjezeredwa, chifukwa cha yomwe hydrogen peroxide ndi peroxidase imamasulidwa, yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito yothetsera yankho lazomwe zimafunidwa kuti zitheke.

Zambiri pazowunikira

Kuyeza kwa shuga kumachitika m'magawo apadera - mamilimita pa lita imodzi ya yankho.

Glucose oxidase kuyezetsa magazi kumakhala kovomerezeka pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi a m'magazi kapena seramu pazomwezi. Mtundu wa kuchuluka kwake kwa akulu kwa amayi ndi abambo ndi 3.3-5.5. Kwa ana ochepera zaka 15, chiwerengerochi ndi chocheperako ndipo chimachokera ku 3.2-5.3. Mwa ana atsopano, shuga wa magazi ndi 1.7-4.2. Kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro kumawonedwa ndi kukula kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kapena kulolera shuga. Matendawa ndi matenda am'mbuyomu, ndipo ngati sanachiritsidwe panthawi yake, angayambitse matenda ovutawa.

Kodi zikuwonekabe zosatheka kuchiritsa matenda ashuga?

Poona kuti mukuwerenga izi tsopano, kupambana polimbana ndi shuga wambiri sikuli kumbali yanu.

Ndipo mudaganizapo kale za chithandizo kuchipatala? Ndizomveka, chifukwa shuga ndi matenda oopsa, omwe, ngati sanapatsidwe, amatha kufa. Udzu wokhazikika, kukodza mwachangu, masomphenya osalala. Zizindikiro zonsezi mumazidziwa nokha.

Koma kodi ndizotheka kuchitira zomwe zimayambitsa m'malo mothandizira? Timalimbikitsa kuwerenga nkhani yokhudza matenda aposachedwa a shuga. Werengani nkhani >>