Type 2 shuga

Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro za munthu wathanzi. Kukula kulikonse ndikuwonetsa kuti matenda ashuga ayamba kale. Kuti muwonetsetse bwino matendawa ndikuwonetsa zizindikiro, zimatenga nthawi yambiri.

Kodi shuga azikhala ndi mtundu wanji wa shuga wachiwiri?

Kukula kwa shuga kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga kumagwirizana bwino ndi chithunzi chomwe chimakhazikitsidwa kuti munthu akhale wathanzi. Ndi 3.3-5,5 mmol / l, magazi amaperekedwa kuchokera ku chala, amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Monga tikudziwa, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa matendawa, chifukwa chake, sizitanthauza kusinthasintha kwamphamvu mu shuga ndi mankhwala. Pachigawo choyambirira, ndizokwanira kuchotsa mapaundi owonjezera, sinthani dongosolo lazakudya ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magawo ake ali athanzi. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti muzimva bwino komanso kuti mukhale ndi insulin panthawi yochepa.

Tsoka ilo, matenda amtunduwu amatuluka popanda kuwonetsera, choncho muyenera kupereka magazi kuti awoneke kangapo panthawi yazaka zisanu kwa aliyense amene ali ndi matenda ashuga m'banjamo. Matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 amasinthasintha shuga, motero zingakhale bwino ngati njirayi ikubwerezedwa kangapo. Muyenera kuchenjezedwa ndi zizindikilo zotere:

• ludzu lamphamvu ndi lokhalitsa,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kunenepa
• kutopa,
• ulesi, ulesi.

Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi mtundu wa shuga wa 2 omwe adokotala angatsimikizire. Mitengo yapakati imawoneka motere:

• 5.5-6.0 mmol / L - kulolerana kwa glucose, wodziwika bwino monga "prediabetes state",
• 6.1-6.2 mmol / L ndi okwera ndizizindikiro za munthu wodwala matenda ashuga.

Popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga wa matenda ashuga a 2 sikungokhala kokha, kungowunikira kokha pamimba yopanda sabata mukatha kudya popanda maswiti, makeke ndi mowa kumatha kuonedwa ngati koyenera. Koma kusanthula uku ndi koyambirira - kokha mwa magazi ochokera m'mitsempha, m'malo olembetsa, mutha kukhazikitsa njira zenizeni zowonjezera shuga. Ma testu a Glucometer ndi mapepala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magazi kuchokera chala nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zolakwika.

Magazi a shuga amitundu 2 yokhala ndi shuga komanso magazi ochokera m'mitsempha

Mukatenga magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha, zotsatira za mayeso nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokonzekera tsiku lotsatira, chifukwa chake musadalire zotsatira zachangu. Manambala a shuga panthawi imeneyi azikula kuposa mutagwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho kuyeza glucose ndi dontho la magazi kuchokera pachala, izi sizikuyenera kukuwopsa. Nazi zinthu zomwe dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito kuti adziwe matenda:

• mpaka 6,2 mmol / l - shuga ndi wabwinobwino,
• 6.2 mmol / l-7 mmol / l - boma la prediabetes,
• Pamwambapa 7 mmol / l - zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

Pafupifupi, kusiyana pakati pa kuyezetsa magazi kuchokera kumunwe ndi kuyezetsa magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha kuli pafupifupi 12%. Mafuta a shuga a mtundu 2 a shuga ndi osavuta kuwongolera. Nayi malamulo okuthandizani kuti musasamale za zotsatira za mayeso:

1. Idyani pang'ono, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, koma muzichita izi pafupipafupi. Pakati pa chakudya, musamapume nthawi yayitali kuposa maola atatu.
2. Yesani kudya zakudya zosasuta, maswiti, mankhwala opangira ufa ndi chakudya chofulumira.
3. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera, koma

Zizindikiro za thupi lathanzi

Ngati tikulankhula za munthu wamkulu wathanzi, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga pamlingo wa 3.33-5.55 mmol / l ndikwabwinobwino. Manambalawa sakhudzidwa ndi jenda la wodwalayo, koma amasiyana pang'ono mwa ana:

• kuyambira pa kubadwa mpaka chaka 1, chizowonetseracho chimakhala chizindikiro kuyambira 2.8 mpaka 4,4 mmol / l,
• kuyambira miyezi 12 mpaka zaka 5, zikhalidwe zimasiyanasiyana kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5 mmol / l.

Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri amasiyanitsa nyengo ya prediabetes yomwe imatsogolera kukula kwa matendawa ndipo imayendera limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa zizindikiro. Komabe, kusintha koteroko sikokwanira kuti adokotala azindikire matenda ashuga.

Tebulo 1. Zizindikiro za prediabetesic state

Mndandanda wazizindikiro zotere umathandiza wodwalayo kudziwa kuti ali pafupi kwambiri ndi matenda akulu ndipo amatha kupewa zovuta zina.

Pakuwunika pamwambapa, nkhaniyo imatengedwa kuchokera kumunwe, koma kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi kuchokera ma capillaries ndi mitsempha ndizosiyana pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, magazi ochokera m'mitsempha amawunika nthawi yayitali, zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa tsiku lotsatira pambuyo pobereka.

Kusasinthasintha kwa shuga

Pali zinthu zingapo zolimbitsa thupi komanso zam'magazi pamene glucose wamagazi amapatuka pazomwe zimachitika, koma shuga samayamba.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zotsatirazi zathupi:

• zolimbitsa thupi
• kumangokhala osachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono,
• zopsinjika pafupipafupi
• kusuta fodya
• kusiyanasiyana
• Kupatuka kwazomwe zimachitika kumatha kupezekanso mutatha kudya chakudya chamafuta ambiri,
• kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa steroid
• premenstrual syndrome
• kwakanthawi kwakudya
• kumwa mowa wambiri
• mankhwala a diuretic, komanso kumwa mankhwala oletsa kubereka.

Kuphatikiza pa matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kusinthanso motsutsana ndi komwe kumabweretsa matenda ena:

• pheochromocytoma (adrenaline ndi norepinephrine amasulidwa kwambiri),
• matenda a endocrine system (thyrotooticosis, matenda a Cushing),
• matenda a kapamba,
• matenda a chiwindi
• chiwindi
• khansa ya chiwindi, etc.

Mtundu Wobiriwira wa Matenda a shuga a shuga

Nthawi zambiri shuga pamagazi omwe amadalira shuga osadalira insulin samasiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika munthu wathanzi. Matenda amtunduwu m'magawo oyamba sakutanthauza kuti shuga akuwonjezeka mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa chake matendawa siowala ngati mitundu ina ya matendawa. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amaphunzira za matenda awo atayesedwa.

Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia mu mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga

Hyperglycemia ndi vuto lomwe limalumikizana ndi matenda a shuga, omwe amawoneka mwa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Pali magawo angapo pazinthu izi:

• ndi siteji yofatsa, zizindikiro zimayambira pa 6.7 mpaka 8.2 mmol / l (motsatana ndi zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, zofanana ndi chiwonetsero cha matenda amtundu 1),
• kuopsa kozama - kuyambira 8.3 mpaka 11.0,
• cholemera - kuyambira 11.1,
• chitukuko cha precoma - kuyambira 16.5,
• kukula kwa hyperosmolar chikomokere - kuchokera 55,5 mmol / l.

Vuto lalikulu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, akatswiri samalingalira zowonetsa zamankhwala, koma zoyipa za hyperinsulinemia pantchito ya ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe. Pankhaniyi, impso, chapakati mantha dongosolo, kuzungulira kwa dongosolo, owunika kupenda, minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo kuvutika.

Endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kuti musangotengera zokhazo, komanso nthawi zomwe shuga umapezeka. Mkhalidwe wowopsa ndikuwonjezereka kwake kuposa momwe zimakhalira mutangodya. Pankhaniyi, ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, zowonjezera zimawonekera:

• zotupa zomwe zimapezeka pakhungu pakhungu, zilonda sizichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali,
• angulitis imawoneka pamilomo (yotchedwa "zaedi", yomwe imapangidwa m'makona amkamwa,
• m`kamwa kutulutsa magazi kwambiri
• munthu amakhala woopsa, ntchito zimachepa,
• kusinthasintha kwa machitidwe - tikulankhula za kusakhazikika mtima.

Kuyang'anira magwiridwe

Popewa kusintha kwakukuru m'matenda, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti odwala matenda ashuga asamangolamulira hyperglycemia, komanso kupewa kutsitsa mitengo yomwe ili pansipa.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kumawerengera masana panthawi inayake, onetsetsani kuti mwatsata zonse zomwe dokotala akukuuzani kuti musunge shuga wambiri:

• kuyambira m'mawa mpaka chakudya - mpaka 6.1,
• Maola 3-5 atatha kudya - osapitirira 8.0,
• musanagone - osapitirira 7.5,
• matupa a mkodzo - 0-0.5%.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndi shuga yemwe amadalira insulin, sayenera kuwongolera kulemera kofunikira kuti agwirizane ndi kugonana, kutalika ndi kuchuluka kwa munthuyo.

Sinthani mulingo wa shuga mwa mtundu

Wodwala yemwe akudwala matenda "okoma" posachedwa amayamba kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi. Nthawi zina, izi zimachitika m'mawa ndipo zimatengera chakudya, mwa ena - asanagone. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer kuti muwone ngati kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa zizindikiro kukuchitika ndi shuga osadalira insulin.

Kuyeza kumatenga nthawi zotsatirazi:

• ndi matenda adalipidwa (ngati nkotheka kusungitsa zizindikirozo pazomveka) - katatu pa sabata,
• musanadye, koma apa ndi pamene insulin imafunikira mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda (jekeseni wa insulin nthawi zonse),
• musanadye komanso maola ochepa mutatha - kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe amamwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga,
• pambuyo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri,
• Wodwala akamva njala,
• ngati ndi kotheka, usiku.

Pazithunzi za odwala matenda ashuga, osati zongowonetsa za glucometer okha zomwe adalowetsedwa, komanso deta ina:

• kudya chakudya
• zolimbitsa thupi ndi nthawi yayitali,
• Mlingo wa insulin kutumikiridwa
• kukhalapo kwa zochitika zopsinja
• matenda obwera chifukwa cha chotupa kapena matenda opatsirana.

Kodi matenda ashuga apakati ndi ati?

Amayi omwe ali ndiudindo amakhala ndi matenda a shuga, pomwe kuthamanga kwa glucose kumakhala mkati mwa malire, koma mutatha kudya, kulumikizana kwakuthwa kuzizindikiro. Chodabwitsa cha matenda ashuga azimayi apakati ndikuti mwana akangobadwa ndi matendawa amachoka yekha.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a matenda am'mimba amapezeka mwa omwe ali m'magulu otsatirawa:

• pansi pa zaka zambiri
• onenepa kwambiri
• zaka zopitilira 40
• wokhala ndi tsogolo la matenda ashuga,
• ndi matenda am'mimba a polycystic,
• ngati matenda ali m'mannesis.

Kuti muwone kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa maselo ku glucose, mayi wachitatu trimester amadutsa kuwunikira kwamayeso enaake:

• kusala kudya kwa magazi
• Kenako mkazi amapatsidwa madzi a m'magazi omwe amamwetsa m'madzi,
• Pakatha maola angapo, kupereka magazi ndikubwereza.

Chizindikiro cha chizindikiro choyamba ndi 5.5, chachiwiri - 8.5. Kuwunikira kwa zida zapakatikati nthawi zina kumafunika.

Mafuta abwinobwino a shuga pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ayenera kukhala otsatirawa:

• musanadye - wamkulu wa 5.5 mmol / l,
• Mphindi 60 mutadya - osati kupitirira 7.7,
• maora ochepa mutatha kudya, musanagone komanso usiku - 6.6.

Matenda a Type 2 ndi matenda osachiritsika, omwe, komabe, amatha kuwongoleredwa. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto lotere ayenera kuganizira mofatsa zina, mwachitsanzo, zakudya ndi zakudya. Ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wa chakudya chomwe chiri zovulaza, ndikusankha kudzipatula ku zakudya. Popeza kuopsa kwa matendawa, anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chodwala amayenera kutsatira zotsatira za mayesowo, ngati atasiyana ndi zomwe amapezeka, amapezeka kukakumana ndi endocrinologist.

Matenda a shuga ndi Kuyeza kwa Glycemia

Glycemia (shuga m'magazi a shuga komanso osati kokha) mwa munthu wathanzi amasiyana pakati pamitengo kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 6.5 mmol / L. Mtengo uwu ukhoza kutsimikizika kuchokera dontho la magazi. Milingo yokwezeka ya shuga ndi zina mwazizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, muyeso wa glycemia ndiye mayeso ofunikira kwambiri komanso ofala omwe amachitika kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chiyani kuyeza glucose ndikofunikira? Kukula kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi mtundu 1 shuga. Ngati shuga ya shuga imawonjezera pafupipafupi kapena mosalekeza, kuwonongeka kosayambitsa kumachitika mthupi lonse, kuphatikiza maselo ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Kuyeza pafupipafupi kwa glycemia ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira zofunikira zamagulu a shuga m'thupi la anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'mankhwala a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a 2 kapena shuga 1 mutatha kudya, ndikuwonetsa chiyani pamimba yopanda kanthu, momwe chakudya chimakhudzira glycemia, komanso ubale wake ndi izi monga zopatsa thanzi komanso mtundu 2 wa shuga ndichizolowezi cha shuga wamagazi (chimodzimodzi mtundu 1).

Kodi nchifukwa ninji kudziyang'anira wega wamagazi ndikofunikira?

Chinsinsi cha matenda a shuga ndikuwonjezera phindu la shuga. Ngati misempha yokwezeka ya m'magazi sichepetsedwa, izi zimawononga thupi lonse ndi maselo ake onse. Mavuto amtsitsi am'tsogolo amatha kufupikitsa moyo wa odwala matenda ashuga.

Miyeso yobwerezedwa m'magazi kwa munthu ndi njira yopangira chithunzi cha glycemia tsiku lonse. Amatsimikizira kulondola kwa chithandizo chokhazikitsidwa kapena, nawonso, amachenjeza kuti thupi lili pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyesa shuga zamagazi pafupipafupi!

Kuchita kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kamodzi patsiku sikokwanira. Magazi a shuga m'magazi amasintha tsiku lonse kutengera chakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, kapena ka insulin.

Muyeso umodzi sungapereke chidziwitso chokwanira ngati mtundu wonse wa mankhwalawa umayikidwa molondola, ngati mlingo woyenera wa insulin unathandizidwa panthawi yoyenera, kapena ngati munthu adya chakudya chamadzulo kwambiri.

Glycemia miyeso ikuchitika:

1. Mutadzuka pamimba yopanda kanthu (kapena m'mawa jekeseni wa insulin).
2. Asanadye nkhomaliro (kapena musanadye nkhomaliro ndi jakisoni wa insulin).
3. Pamaso chakudya chamadzulo (kapena madzulo makonzedwe a insulin).
4. Pogona, osachepera maola awiri mutadya.

Pazigawo zinayi za shuga za magazi patsiku zimapaka chithunzi cholondola cha glycemia.

T.N. kuyeza kwa nthawi inayi (mwachitsanzo, kanayi pa tsiku) kuyenera kuchitika osachepera 1 pa sabata.

Nthawi zina ndikofunikira kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga masana, mutatha kudya chinthu china, ndikuwonjezera miyezo ya zomwe zimatchedwa kuti postprandial glycemia (mtengo wa shuga m'magazi atatha kudya), womwe, monga lamulo, umatsimikiziridwa pambuyo pa maola 1-2 mutatha kudya.

Kuzindikira ndi zizindikiro

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga ndikosavuta - kumakhala ndi kutenga magazi ndi kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'menemo (glycemia). Mtengo wa glucose wamagazi amayeza mu mmol pa lita imodzi (mmol / l). Kodi zimachitika bwanji? Gawo loyamba la magazi lingatenge nthawi iliyonse masana, osati pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuthamanga glucose - njira zitatu zitha kubwera

1. Kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi pamwamba pa 7 mmol / L. Pankhaniyi, munthu akudwala matenda a shuga, ndipo mayeso ena omwe alembedwa pansipa sayenera kuchitanso. Kuchokera pamenepa, munthu amamuwona ngati wodwala matenda ashuga.
2. Mtengo wama glucose othamanga uli pansipa 5.6 mmol / L. Potere, munthuyu satumizidwa kuti akapange kafukufuku wowonjezereka. chifukwa pankhani ya matenda a shuga amawoneka athanzi.
3. Kuthamanga kwa glycemia kumachokera pa 5.6 mpaka 7 mmol / L. Pankhaniyi, kachiwiri, zotsatira zake sizotsimikizika. Vutoli mu Chingerezi limatchedwa "Kutsegula Mwala Kuthamanga.

PTTG - kuyesa kwa shuga mkamwa - gawo lomaliza lazomwe lilipo kapena kusapezeka kwa matenda ashuga

Munthu amabwera kudzayezetsa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikulandira shuga amene amasungunuka m'madzi (ndiye kuti, madzi okoma). Kwa akulu, 75 g shuga nthawi zambiri amasungunuka mu 250 ml yamadzi.Pambuyo pa mphindi 60 ndi 120 atatha kumwa, glycemia imayeza. Kugwiritsa ntchito mayesowa kumathandizira kudziwa momwe thupi limayankhira kudya zakudya zamagulu ochulukirapo m'zakudya. Njira zitatu zitha kubweranso:

1. Mtengo wa glycemia pambuyo pa mphindi 120 za PTTG ndiwokwera kuposa 11.1 mmol / L. Kuyambira lero, munthu amamuwona ngati wodwala matenda ashuga.
2. Mtengo wa glycemia pambuyo pa mphindi 120 za PTTG ndizochepera 7.8 mmol / L. Pankhaniyi, munthu amene akuwunikidwa ali ndi thanzi labwino.
3. Mtengo wa glycemia pambuyo pa mphindi 120 za PTTG ndi pakati pa 7.8 ndi 11.1 mmol / L. Munthu yemwe ali ndi izi adayambitsa kulolera kwa shuga ndipo chifukwa chake amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga. Amalangizidwa kuti asinthe moyo wake (kudya wathanzi, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi zambiri, ndipo ngati pakufunika kutero, kuchepetsa thupi), ndipo kwakanthawi, kuchita mayeso wachiwiri. Zolondola, munthu amasamukira ku gulu la anthu athanzi labwino lomwe limakhala ndi zotsatira zoyenera, koma kulolera kwa glucose kumatha kupitirirabe, ndipo, koyipitsitsa, munthu amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Ngakhale izi zitha kuwoneka zovuta, nditatha kuyesa mayeso onse mitundu itatu yokha ya anthu yomwe imatuluka - mtundu woyamba umaphatikizapo anthu athanzi, mtundu wachiwiri umayimiriridwa ndi anthu odwala matenda ashuga, wachitatu - ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto loleza shuga.

Pomaliza

Matenda a shuga si sentensi, monga momwe zimawonekera poyamba. Uku ndikusokonezeka, ngakhale ndi moyo wonse, koma womwe mungakhale ndi moyo wonse. Malangizo amakono ndi malingaliro azachipatala (ngati atsatiridwa!) Atha kuthandiza ndi izi.

Zakudya zoyenera, kusintha kwa moyo sikungokhala gawo la chithandizo, komanso kupewa matenda.

Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, kodi payenera kukhala shuga m'magazi amitundu ingati?

Matenda a shuga a matenda a shuga a 2 sayenera kupitirira munthu wathanzi. Magawo oyamba amakula zamitsempha sizitanthauza kupezeka kwa kudumpha mu ndende ya thupi.

Pazifukwa izi, zizindikiritso zakukula kwa matenda samadziwika. Nthawi zambiri, kudziwika kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga kumakhala kokhazikika ndipo kumachitika pakumayesedwa kapena kupimidwa komwe kumayenderana ndi ma pathologies ena.

Poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa endocrine pathology, shuga mu matenda a mtundu wachiwiri amatha kukhala ndi matanthauzidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera zinthu zambiri. Wodwala amafunikira kuti azitsatira mosamalitsa malamulo a zakudya zoyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wambiri wamagazi m'magazi a plasma m'manja. Njira iyi yakuwongolera imapangitsa kuti pakhale zotheka kuletsa kukula kwa zotsatira zoyipa za kupitirira kwa matenda.

Mukamayendetsa mwamphamvu, chizolowezi chodwala matenda amtundu wachiwiri kwenikweni sichimasiyana ndi zoyenera munthu wathanzi.

Ndi njira yoyenera yowunikira ndikubwezerera mokwanira matendawa, chiopsezo chokhala ndi ma concomitant pathologies amachepetsa kwambiri.

Kuwunikira pafupipafupi kumafunikira kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa mtengo mpaka 3.5 kapena kutsikira. Izi ndichifukwa choti wodwalayo yemwe ali ndi zizindikirozi amayamba kuoneka ngati ali ndi vuto la chikomokere. Pokhapokha ngati pali magawo okwanira omwe amawonjezera shuga, kufa kumatha kuchitika.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi matenda amtundu wachiwiri kumachokera ku izi:

• pamimba yopanda kanthu - 3.6-6.1,
• mutatha kudya, mukayeza maola awiri mutatha kudya, mulingo sayenera kupitirira 8 mmol / l,
• musanagone madzulo, chakudya chovomerezeka cha m'madzi a m'magazi ndi mtengo wa 6.2-7,5 mmol / l.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili pamwambapa 10, wodwalayo amakhala ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi (hyperglycemic coma), komwe kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri mthupi lomwe limakhudzana ndi kuphwanya, zotsatirazi zimayenderana ndi ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe awo.

Glucose Pakati Chakudya

Amuna ndi akazi omwe alibe mavuto azaumoyo amakumana ndi kusinthasintha kwa shuga pamtunda wa 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Mwambiri, mtengo wake umayandikira pafupi ndi 4.6.

Mukamadya, ndizachilendo kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga, kuchuluka kwa gawo la plasma mwa munthu wathanzi kumawonjezeka mpaka 8,0, koma patapita kanthawi mtengowu umatsika kukhala wabwinobwino chifukwa cha kutulutsidwa kwa insulin yowonjezera ndi kapamba, komwe kumathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito glucose owonjezera ponyamula kupita ku maselo odalira insulini.

Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 shuga amathanso kudya. Mosiyana ndi maziko a matenda, asanadye, zomwe zili pamlingo wa 4.5-6.5 mmol pa lita imodzi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zofunikira. Pambuyo pa maola 2 mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga pamiyeso yoyenera sikuyenera kupitirira 8.0, koma zomwe zili munthawiyi m'chigawo cha 10.0 mmol / l ndizovomerezeka kwa wodwala.

Ngati mankhwala omwe akuwonetsa omwe ali ndi shuga sangadutse, izi zimachepetsa kwambiri zoopsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha maonekedwe ndi kupitirira kwa mbali zam'magazi m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Ma pathologies oterewa kuposa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a 2 matenda a shuga ndi awa:

1. Kusintha kwa atherosulinotic kapangidwe ka mitsempha yamitsempha yamagazi.
2. Matenda a shuga.
3. Neuropathy.
4. Nephropathy komanso ena

Madokotala nthawi zonse amawona kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi odwala matenda ashuga payekhapayekha. Ku mulingo guno, ekizibu ky'ekibuga kiyinza okuba ne kyamagero ekinene, wabula bwe kityo bwe kiri bwe kityo bwe kityo bwe kitatuuka ku musango gwali ku musaayi oba mukazi.

Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa chakudya m'thupi la munthu wodwala matenda ashuga kumakhala kofupikirapo poyerekeza ndi wofanana ndi munthu wathanzi.

Kutengera ndi msinkhu, kuchuluka kwake kungakhale kosiyanasiyana kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga motere:

1. Kwa odwala achichepere, ndikofunika kuti pakhale shuga wambiri wama 6.5 pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso mpaka ma eyiti 8.0 maola awiri atatha kudya.
2. Wodwala matenda ashuga akafika zaka zapakati, mtengo wovomerezeka wam'mimba wopanda pake ndi 7.0-7.5, ndipo maola awiri mutatha kudya mpaka 10,0 mmol pa lita.
3. Mukakalamba, mfundo zapamwamba zimaloledwa. Asanadye, kupezeka kwa 7.5-8.0 ndikotheka, ndipo mukatha kudya pambuyo 2 maola - mpaka 11.0 mayunitsi.

Mukamayang'ana zomwe zili ndi shuga m'm wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, phindu lofunika ndikusiyana pakati pa kugundika pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya, ndikofunikira kuti kusiyana kumeneku sikupitilira magawo atatu.

Zizindikiro pa mimba, limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a matenda

Mawonekedwe a gestational, ndi mtundu wa matenda amtundu wachiwiri, omwe amapezeka mwa azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera. Chimodzi mwa matendawa ndi kupezeka kwa kulumpha mukatha kudya ndi shuga athanzi. Pambuyo pobereka, zodwala zam'mimba zimatha.

Pali magulu angapo oopsa momwe zimathekera ndi mwayi wambiri wopanga chithunzithunzi cha matenda amisempha pa mimba.

Magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi awa:

• ana ali ndi pakati,
• azimayi okhala ndi thupi lokwera kwambiri
• amayi oyembekezera omwe amakhala ndi chibadwa chotenga matenda,
• azimayi obereka mwana ndipo amakhala ndi ovary yam'mimba,

Kuti mupeze matenda am'mimba ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa maselo otengera insulin kuti muchete shuga pambuyo pa milungu 24 ya mimba, kuyesedwa kwina kumachitika. Pachifukwa ichi, magazi a capillary amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndipo mkazi amapatsidwa kapu yokhala ndi shuga. Pambuyo pa maola awiri, kuyesedwa kwachiwiri kwa biomaterial kosanthula kumachitika.

Munthawi yabwinobwino thupi, kumangika pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi 5.5, ndipo mutakweza mpaka magawo 8.5.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mayi ndi mwana, pamaso pa mawonekedwe a masewera, kukhalabe ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu pamlingo wokhazikika, wolimbitsa thupi.

Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri omwe mayi wapakati ali nawo ndi awa:

1. Kuzindikira kwakukulu pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi 5.5.
2. Ola limodzi mutatha kudya - 7.7.
3. Maola ochepa mutatha kudya komanso musanagone usiku - 6.6.

Ngati mukupatuka kuzinthu zomwe zakulimbikitsani, muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuti mupangire upangiri, komanso njira zoyenera zolipira chakudya cham'magazi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga A Type 2

Anthu onenepa kwambiri amakonda kwambiri matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku World Health Organisation, ana onenepa kwambiri ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa kuposa anzawo anzawo olemera.
Kuphatikiza kunenepa kwambiri, zinthu zina zisanu zingapangitse kukula kwa matenda a shuga 2:

• kusowa kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi - kusowa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Njira zamagetsi zimasinthira pang'ono. Metabolism imachepetsa. Glucose, yemwe amabwera ndi chakudya, sagwira bwino minofu ndikudziunjikira m'magazi,
• zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri,
• chakudya chophatikizidwa ndi shuga woyengedwa, imadumphira m'magazi momwe mumagazi mumayambitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin,
• matenda a endocrine system (kapamba, adrenal ndi chithokomiro, matumbo a chamba),
• matenda (fuluwenza, herpes, hepatitis), zovuta zomwe zimatha kuwonetsedwa ndi matenda ashuga mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo.

Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa zimabweretsa zovuta zamafuta a carbohydrate, omwe amachokera ku insulin kukana.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga suwonekera bwino monga woyamba. Pankhaniyi, kuzindikira kwake ndikovuta. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli sangakhale ndi matendawa chifukwa mawonekedwe aumoyo amakhala ndi chiwongola dzanja.
Mu zochitika zakale, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Pakamwa pakamwa ndi ludzu losatha,
• kulakalaka kudya, komwe kumakhala kovuta kuzimitsa ngakhale mutadya kwambiri,
• kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka kwa mkodzo patsiku - pafupifupi malita atatu,
• kufooka kopanda tanthauzo kosafunikira ngakhale kolimbitsa thupi,
• nebula mu maaso
• mutu.

Zizindikiro zonsezi zimawonetsa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa - kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Koma chodabwitsa cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndikuti zidziwitso zake zakale sizitha kuwoneka kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena ena mwa iwo ndi omwe angawonekere.
Zizindikiro zapadera za matenda a shuga a 2 ndi:

• kuchiritsa kwamabala
• kuyabwa kosafunikira m'malo osiyanasiyana a khungu,
• zala zolaula.

Koma samawonekera nthawi zonse ndipo si onse palimodzi, chifukwa samapereka chithunzi cha matendawa.
Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kukayikira matendawa popanda kuyesedwa kwa labotale.

Kuzindikira matendawa

Kuti mudziwe matendawa, ndikofunikira kudutsa mayeso osiyanasiyana:

• kuyeserera kwa shuga
• glycated hemoglobin.

Glucose ndi glycated hemoglobin zimalumikizana. Palibe kulumikizana kwachindunji kwa ziwerengero zenizeni, koma kudalira kwa wachiwiri.
Glycated hemoglobin ndi gawo la hemoglobin. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti hemoglobin iwonjezeke. Koma kuwunika kwa hemoglobin yotere ndikuwonetsa kuti zinthu zakunja sizikhudza zotsatira zake:

• yotupa njira
• matenda a virus
• kudya
• mavuto.

Chifukwa cha izi, kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira kumakhala kosavuta. Phunziroli silitengera zolakwika zamakhazikika.

Chisonyezo cha glycated hemoglobin chimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi miyezi itatu yapitayo. Mwamwambo, tanthauzo la chizindikirochi ndi kupangidwa kwa magazi osagwirizana ndi enzymatic a glucose ndi hemoglobin a maselo ofiira amwazi, omwe amakhala osakhazikika masiku oposa zana. Pali ma hemoglobin angapo. Kuti muwone mtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus, mawonekedwe a HbA1c amayesedwa. Chimakhala chodandaula pakati pa anthu ena ndipo chimafananirana momveka bwino ndi matendawa.

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumakhala ndi zitsanzo zingapo zamagazi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pansi pa shuga.
Mpanda woyamba umachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kenako, wodwalayo amapatsidwa madzi a 200 ml ndi magalamu 75 a shuga osungunuka mkati mwake. Pambuyo pa izi, zitsanzo zingapo zamagazi zimatengedwa mosiyanasiyana kwa theka la ola. Pa kusanthula kulikonse, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsimikizika.

Kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira za mayeso a labotale

Kutanthauzira kwa mayeso osala kudya kwa glucose:

Kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira za kuyeserera kwa glucose mutatha kutenga njira ya shuga:

Kuwunikira kwa HbA1c kuwulula mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Muyeso wa magazi womwe umatengedwa ndi wodwala umawunika kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin womangidwa ku mamolekyu a glucose. Kutanthauzira kwa dongosololi kumachitika malinga ndi tebulo lodziwika bwino:

Kuunika kwa shuga m'magazi a 2 matenda a shuga kumakhazikitsidwa pazolinga zanu zokha zomwe dokotala wakukhazikitsa.
Moyenera, odwala onse ayenera kuyesetsa kuzizindikira bwino za munthu wathanzi. Koma nthawi zambiri ziwerengerozi sizingatheke chifukwa chake zolinga zimakhazikitsidwa, kufunafuna kwake ndi kukwaniritsa zomwe zimawoneka kuti zikuyenda bwino pamankhwala.

Palibe ziwonetsero zingapo za zolinga za munthu aliyense wamagazi. Adziwitsidwa kuti aziganizira mbali zinayi zazikulu:

• zaka odwala
• nthawi yodwala
• mavuto
• zomwe zimayenderana.

Kuwonetsa zitsanzo za zolinga za anthu omwe ali ndi shuga, timawapatsa. Kuyamba, kusala shuga lamwazi (musanadye):

Zolinga zanu za shuga m'magazi mukatha kudya:

Payokha, muyenera kuganizira miyezo ya shuga ya magazi mwa okalamba. Pakatha zaka 60, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kokwezeka pang'ono poyerekeza ndi achinyamata komanso okhwima. Zizindikiro zomveka za ma protocol azachipatala sanawonetsedwe, koma madokotala atengera zizindikiro zowonetsa:

Mukatha kudya, magulu osiyanasiyana a shuga mwa okalamba nawonso amatuluka. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ola limodzi mutatha kudya kumatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa 6.2-7.7 mmol / L, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino kwa munthu woposa zaka 60.

Chifukwa chake, ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda okalamba, adotolo akhazikitsa zolinga zomwe zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa odwala ang'onoang'ono. Ndi momwemonso pamankhwala, kusiyana kungakhale 1 mmol / L.

World Health Organization imapereka chidule cha zolinga za munthu pa HbA1c. Zimatengera zaka za wodwalayo komanso kupezeka / kusowa kwa zovuta.Zikuwoneka ngati:

Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia mu shuga

Hyperglycemia ndi mkhalidwe womwe umalumikizidwa ndi matenda, wowonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuwerengera kwa glucose m'magazi a wodwala. Mkhalidwe wamatumbo umagawika m'magawo angapo kutengera kuwuma kwa zisonyezozo, kuwonekera kwake komwe kumatengera ndi kuchuluka kwake.

Gawo losavuta limadziwika ndi kukwera pang'ono kwa mfundo, zomwe zimatha kukhala 6.7 mpaka 8.2. Gawo la kusasamala kwenikweni kumadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zalembedwa kuyambira 8,3 mpaka 11.0. Mu hyperglycemia yayikulu, mlingo umakwera kufika pa 16.4. Precoma imayamba kukula kwa mtengo wa 16.5 mmol lita imodzi. Hyperosmolar coma imakula ikafika pamtunda wa 55,5 mmol / L.

Madokotala ambiri amalingalira zovuta zazikulu ndi kuwonjezeka osati chiwonetsero chachipatala chokha, koma kukulira zotsatira zoyipa za hyperinsulinemia. Insulin yowonjezera m'thupi imayamba kukhala ndi vuto pa ntchito ya pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe awo.

Izi ndizovuta:

• impso
• CNS
• dongosolo lamagazi
• kawonedwe
• musculoskeletal system.

Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa zinthu zoyipa mthupi pomwe hyperglycemia imachitika, kuwongolera kofunikira kwambiri kameneka ndikutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala omwe akufuna kuletsa kuchuluka kwa shuga amafunika.

Kodi mungasunge bwanji chizolowezi cha matenda a shuga a 2?

Panthawi yolamulirayo, zinthu ziyenera kumwedwa osati kungopewa kuchuluka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chizolowezi, komanso osalolera kuchepa kwambiri kwa chakudya chamagulu.

Kuti mukhale ndi chizolowezi, thupi limafunikira. Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kusinthana ndi dongosolo lazakudya zofunikira pokonza zakudya zapadera. Menyu yodwala sayenera kukhala ndi zakudya zazambiri zamagulu pang'ono. Zimafunikira kusiyiratu kugwiritsa ntchito shuga, ndikusintha ndi chopangira kapena cholowa m'malo.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amalangizidwa kuti asiyiratu kumwa mowa, kuwonjezera pa izi ayenera kusiya kusuta.

Kuti achepetse phindu lochulukirapo, ngati kuli kotheka, adotolo, limodzi ndi zakudya, akhoza kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga a magulu osiyanasiyana azamankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Magulu akuluakulu a mankhwalawa, kugwiritsa ntchito komwe kumapangitsa kuti mafuta achilengedwe asowe, ndi:

1. Zochokera ku sulfonylureas - Maninyl, Glibenclamide, Amaryl.
2. Ma glinids - Novonorm, Starlix.
3. Biguanides - Glucophage, Siofor, Metfogamm.
4. Glitazones - Aktos, Avandy, Pioglar, Roglit.
5. Alpha-glycosidase zoletsa - Miglitol, Acarbose.
6. Incretinomimetics - Onglisa, Galvus, Januvia.

Mapiritsi olimbikitsidwa ndi adotolo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala komanso mosamalitsa malinga ndi chiwembu chomwe adokotala adapereka. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumathandiza kupewa kukomoka kwa shuga.

Kuti mupeze zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, kupenda kwamikodzo mwatsatanetsatane pakupeza mkodzo watsiku ndi tsiku kumalimbikitsidwa.

Wodwalayo ayenera kukhala ndi mankhwala okoma nthawi zonse, omwe angalole, ngati pakufunika, kuti azitsegula pang'ono. Chifukwa chaichi, kuwerengera ndemanga zambiri, zidutswa za nzimbe nzabwino