Shuga Modi > Zizindikiro

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Matenda a shuga a mtundu wa shuga ndi mtundu wa shuga womwe umachitika mchikhalidwe cha majini obadwa nawo. Kuwonetsedwa kwa matendawa ndi ofanana ndi shuga wamba, koma njira zamankhwala ndizosiyana kwambiri. Pathology nthawi zambiri imadziwika ndi kusintha kwa nthawi yachinyamata.

Pambuyo pakupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a modi, kufunika kosamalira insulin kumakhalabe moyo. Izi ndichifukwa choti kapamba amafa pakapita nthawi ndipo sangathenso kudzipangira payekha payokha.

Kodi matenda a shuga a modi ndi ati?

Matenda a shuga a Mody, kapena Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young, ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Idapezeka koyamba mu 1975 ndi wasayansi waku America.

Mtunduwu wa matenda ashuga ndiwowoneka modabwitsa, womwe umadziwika ndi kupita patsogolo kwakutali komanso pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa cha izi, ndizosatheka kuzindikira kupatuka koyambirira. Matenda a shuga a Mody amapezeka kokha mwa ana omwe makolo awo nawonso amadwala matenda a shuga.

Matenda amtundu wamtunduwu amayamba chifukwa cha masinthidwe ena amtundu. Maselo ena amapatsiridwa kwa mwana kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi. Pambuyo pake, pakukula, amayamba kupita patsogolo, zomwe zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba. Popita nthawi, imafooka, magwiridwe ake amachepetsa kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga opatsirana kudzera m'mimba amatha kupezeka ali ana, koma nthawi zambiri amadziwika mu nthawi yaunyamata. Kuti dokotala azitha kuzindikira kuti iyi ndi njira yodwala matenda ashuga, ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wamtundu wa mwanayo.

Pali mitundu 8 yapadera yomwe masinthidwe angachitike. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa komwe kupatukirako kunachitikira, popeza njira zamankhwala zimadalira kwathunthu mtundu wamtundu womwe wasinthidwa.

Kodi cholowa chimagwira bwanji?

Chodziwika bwino cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa modi ndi kukhalapo kwa majini osinthika. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwawo matendawa amatha. Ndiwokhala mkati, motero sizingatheke kuchiritsanso.

Cholowa chitha kukhala motere:

Autosomal ndi cholowa chomwe jini imafala ndi ma chromosomes wamba, osati ndi kugonana. Potere, matenda a shuga a modi amatha kukula mwa mnyamatayo komanso mtsikanayo. Mtundu uwu ndiwofala kwambiri, umatheka mosavuta kuchiritsira nthawi zambiri.
Dominant - cholowa chomwe chimachitika motsatira majini. Ngati mtundu umodzi wampikisano ukapezeka, ndiye kuti mwanayo adzakhala ndi matenda a shuga a modi.

Mwana akapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga a modi, ndiye kuti m'modzi mwa makolo ake kapena abale ake apafupi amakhala ndi shuga.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chingawonetsetse matenda ashuga a modi?

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga a modi ndizovuta kwambiri. Palibe chovuta kuchita izi m'magawo oyambira, chifukwa mwana sangathe kufotokoza molondola zomwe zimamuvutitsa.

Nthawi zambiri, mawonetseredwe a shuga a modi ali ofanana ndi mtundu wanthawi zonse wamatendawa. Komabe, zizindikiro zotere nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu nthawi yabwino.

Mutha kukayikira kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo monga izi:

Kuchotsedwa kwa matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali,
Osayanjana ndi dongosolo la CLA,
Mulingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated uli pansipa 8%,
Pakusowa ketoacidosis pakuwonekera,
Pokhapokha kutayika kwathunthu kwa kugwira ntchito kwa maselo otulutsa insulin,
Mukalipira kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso nthawi yomweyo insulin,
Pakakhala ma antibodies kuti maselo a beta kapena insulin.

Kuti dokotala athe kudziwa matenda a shuga a modi, ayenera kupeza achibale a mwanayo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena m'malo ake. Komanso, matenda oterewa amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe adakumana ndi ziwonetsero za matenda am'mimba pambuyo pa zaka 25, pomwe alibe kulemera kwambiri.

Chifukwa choperewera kuphunzira za matenda a shuga a modi, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa matenda a matenda amisempha. Nthawi zina, matendawa amadziwonetsera ngati zofanana, mwa ena amasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi matenda ashuga.

Onetsetsani kuti mudwala matenda a shuga a m'mwana mwa izi:

Matenda owenderera,
Kuthamanga kwa magazi
Kutentha kwa thupi,
Kuchepa thupi pang'ono chifukwa cha kagayidwe kachangu,
Kuchepa kwa khungu,
Kumva njala mosalekeza
Unyinji wambiri umatuluka.

Zizindikiro

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga a modi ndizovuta. Kuti adokotala awonetsetse kuti mwana ali ndi matendawa, maphunziro ambiri amalembedwa.

Kuphatikiza pa okhazikika, amatumizidwa ku:

Kulumikizana ndi genetic yemwe amafotokoza kuyesa kwa magazi kwa abale onse apamtima,
Kuyesa kwamagazi ndi a biochemical,
Kuyesa kwa magazi
Kuyesa kwofufuza kwamtundu,
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa HLA.

Zizindikiro ndi matenda a shuga

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa azimayi ndi abambo
- Mtundu woyamba wa shuga
- Type 2 shuga
- Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga
- Zizindikiro za Matenda a Mody
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi achinyamata
Zowopsa
Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga?
Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo komanso kupewa

Kwa zaka zambiri osalimbana ndi ma DIABETES?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwitsidwa kuti kumakhala kovuta motani kuchiritsa matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga ndizovuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake matenda omwe amaperekedwawo nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magawo amtsogolo. Zizindikiro za matenda am'mimba otchedwa shuga mellitus amasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa pathology - wodalira insulini kapena popanda kudalira gawo la mahomoni. Kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zimagwirizana ndi matenda awa, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa azimayi ndi abambo

Zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino za matenda am'mimba zimatha kusiyanitsidwa, zomwe zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zaka. Mwachitsanzo, kuyanika kwamkati pamlomo wamkamwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna ndi akazi patatha zaka 50 zitha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kumverera kwa ludzu, zomwe ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa. Pankhaniyi, odwala amamwa kuchokera ku malita ochepa amadzimadzi patsiku kapena kupitirira - mpaka 10.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa akazi pambuyo zaka 30, monga amuna, zimatha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi:

kuchuluka kwamkodzo, kutulutsa mkodzo wambiri komanso mkodzo wathunthu masana,
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa azimayi atatha zaka 40 sikuti zimayanjananso ndi kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta amthupi,
kuyabwa kwambiri pakhungu, kuwuma pachikuto,
kuchuluka chizolowezi pustular pakhungu ndi zofewa zimakhala.

Amuna opitirira zaka 30 amatha kukhala ndi kufooka kwambiri kwa minofu ndikuwonjezera thukuta. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchiritsa kwamabala mabala aliwonse, ngakhale ang'ono kwambiri, kumadziwika. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zoyambira izi ndi belu loyamba lonena za kutha kwa matendawa. Mawonekedwe awo ayenera kukhala chifukwa chomayeserera magazi a glycemia (kukhalapo kwa shuga). Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense amene ali pachiwopsezo ayenera kudziwa pasadakhale momwe matenda a shuga amawonekera mwa akazi, ndipo ndi ziti zina zowonetsa matenda ashuga mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 60 ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Matenda amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kudalira insulin. Izi zimakhudzanso zomwe zimawoneka mwa wodwala. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa akazi mu nkhaniyi, komanso mwa amuna, zimafotokozedwa ludzu losatha, pakamwa lowuma kosalekeza. Kuchepetsa thupi makilogalamu 10 mpaka 15 kumadziwika ngakhale ndi zakudya zabwinobwino. Zizindikiro za shuga mwa amuna zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kumangokhalira kumva njala, kukoka pafupipafupi.

Chizindikiro china chodziwika ndi kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa, nseru ndi kusanza. Zizindikiro za shuga mwa amuna zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kutopa, kusakwiya komanso kufooka kwathunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, tisaiwale kuti ngakhale sichikhala choyamba, koma chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu ndikumverera kwophimba pamaso pa maso, kukokana komanso kulemera kwamiyendo.

Zizindikiro zake mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kutentha pang'ono kwa thupi, chizungulire komanso nthawi yayitali ya matenda opatsirana. Mwana amakhala ndi kugona kwamkodzo usiku. Mwambiri, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna ndi akazi zimakula msanga.

Tiyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti zizindikiro zomwe zidawonetsedwa sizipangidwe nthawi imodzi nthawi imodzi. Nthawi zambiri timalankhula za mawonetseredwe angapo.

Type 2 shuga

Ndi matenda amtunduwu, mawonetseredwe osiyanasiyana amasiyana. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kulabadira zizindikiro zina zakunja za matenda ashuga mwa akazi ndi amuna, mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a thupi owonjezera. M'pofunikanso kulabadira zizindikiro monga:

matenda osiyanasiyana apakhungu omwe sanapangike kale,
kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe,
ludzu losasunthika komanso pakamwa lowuma
kuyabwa

Zizindikiro za shuga mwa akazi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzanzi m'manja ndi m'miyendo, kukomoka kwapafupipafupi. Chizindikiro mu nkhaniyi ndikukula kwapang'onopang'ono kwa vutoli, komwe kumatha zaka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga siziyenera kusiyidwa popanda chisamaliro chokwanira.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga

Mtundu wamatenda amapangidwa mwa amayi apakati. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chophwanya zakudya za carbohydrate metabolism ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudya kosayenera kwa nthawi yayitali (pamlingo woyipa). Zowonetsera zamtundu wamatenda amtunduwu ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ndizachangu kwambiri, ngakhale kwa mayi woyembekezera, kuwonjezeka kwa thupi. Chizindikiro chotsatira ndikuwonjezereka kwadzidzidzi mu mkodzo.

Mzimayi ayenera kuyang'anira kuchepa kwa zochuluka, kusowa kwa chakudya. Njira zamtundu wa zamatenda zimathandizidwa mosavuta. Chachikulu ndicholimbitsa thupi pa nthawi yake. Komabe, ngakhale pakalibe maphunziro okonzanso, zizindikilo zimatha kutha mwana akangobadwa.

Njira zochizira

Ndi njira yabwino, kuzindikira matenda a shuga a modi ndikosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuchita zowerengeka zowonjezereka zamwazi osati za mwana yekha, komanso banja lake lapamtima. Kuzindikira koteroko kumachitika pokhapokha mtundu wonyamula masinthidwe utatsimikizika.

Kuti muwongole kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikofunikira kuti mwana azitsatira zakudya zapadera. Ndikofunikanso kumamupatsa masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti abwezeretse njira za metabolic. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyendera masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti muchepetse zovuta zomwe zimachitika m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mwana amamuika mankhwala ena owopsa a shuga: Glucofage, Siofor, Metformin. Amaphunzitsidwanso masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ngati thanzi la mwana likugwa mosalekeza, chithandizo chimenecho chimathandizidwa ndikumwa mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri, mapiritsi apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti amangirire mwachangu komanso kuchotsa shuga wambiri m'thupi.

Popita nthawi, chithandizo choterechi chimalephera kubweretsa phindu lililonse, chifukwa chake, mankhwala a insulin adalembedwa. Dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka mankhwalawa limatsimikiziridwa ndi adotolo, omwe amaletsedwa kusintha.

Ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro a katswiri kuti tipewe zovuta. Panthawi yakusowa kwa mankhwala ofunikira, vuto la shuga limatha chifukwa cha kutha msinkhu. Izi zimatha kusokoneza mayendedwe a mahomoni, omwe ndi oopsa kwambiri pakulimba.

Momwe mungadziwire ndi kuchiza matenda abwinobwino a ana?

Matenda a shuga amatanthauza zovuta za kuyamwa kwa zinthu zofunika mthupi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa ntchito yake. Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a phosphate, tikulankhula za mavuto ndi mayamwidwe a phosphorous. Chimachitika ndi chiani mthupi chifukwa cha matendawa? Chifukwa chiyani amawonekera? Kodi matendawa amawonekera bwanji? Ndi mayeso ati omwe amafunikira kudutsidwa?

Makhalidwe a matenda
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Phosphate shuga
Zizindikiro za matendawa
Kuzindikira matenda, kuwunika, kusanthula
Mankhwala a shuga a phosphate
Zovuta zotheka
Zotsogola, Kupewa

Makhalidwe a matenda

Munthawi yachilendo, kukoka kwa phosphorous kumachitika m'matumbo a impso ndipo kumayendetsedwa ndi vitamini D. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndi insulin, momwe glucose imalowera m'maselo - momwemonso zomwe zimachokera mu vitaminiyi yothandiza minofu yake kuyamwa phosphorous.

Mu matenda a shuga a phosphate, njirayi imalephera: mwina thupi silingathe kupanga mavitamini ndikuchotsa zinthu zofunikira kuchokera pamenepo, kapena pali zinthu izi, koma zimakhala kuti sizimawakhudza. Chifukwa cha izi, phosphorous ayoni samatengedwa ndi thupi. Izi zimakhudza pafupifupi ziwalo zonse, makamaka mafupa am'mimba.

Izi ndichifukwa choti mayamwidwe a phosphorous ndi calcium zimagwirizana kwambiri. Ngati zinthu ziwirizi sizilowa mthupi, mafupa ndi mafupa sangapeze mphamvu yofunikira. Kodi izi zingachitike bwanji?

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Phosphate shuga

Mavuto obadwa nawo mu phosphate shuga nthawi zambiri amatsimikiza. Matendawa amabadwa m'magulu asanu.

Mtundu woyamba umaphatikizapo milandu pamene geni "yolakwika" yolumikizidwa ndi X chromosome ndipo imakhala yayikulu. Amakhulupirira kuti ndi zosokoneza zamtunduwu, kayendedwe ka phosphorous ion kupita ku maselo ndizovuta. Njirayi imachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo ma phosphates amatulutsidwa mwachangu mkodzo popanda kufikira minofu ya mafupa. Mwayi woti mzimayi atha kudutsa jini iyi ndi 50% - koma amupatsira ana a akazi onse, amuna amapatsira majini 100% - koma kwa ana aakazi okha.
Mtundu wachiwiri umapuma, mtundu wolakwika umalumikizidwanso ndi X chromosome, koma umakhudza amuna okha, azimayi amachita okha ngati onyamula. Kusokonezeka kwa jini kumeneku kumabweretsa mfundo yoti njira zotsatsira ma ions onse mu malingaliro amasokonekera, ndipo ma phosphates ndi osiyana.
Mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wamtunduwu wa shuga ndi mtundu wachitatu. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini, mapuloteni amapangidwa omwe amafulumizitsa kuchulukitsidwa kwa phosphates kudzera mu ngalande za urin.
Mtundu wokhazikika wa matendawa umatheka pokhapokha ngati makolo onse ndianyamula jini losalongosoka. Mtundu wa matenda ashuga awa suwamveka bwino.
Mtundu wotsiriza wa matenda ashuga umasiyanitsidwa ndi urine excretion osati phosphorous, komanso calcium. Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zili m'magazi zimachepa kwambiri.

Mitundu iwiri yomaliza ndiyosowa kwambiri.

Nthawi zina, matenda a shuga a phosphate amatha kukhala mwa akulu chifukwa cha matenda a impso.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Hypophosphatemic rickets, mosiyana ndi chizolowezi, siziwonekera pompopompo, koma zaka 1.5-2, mwana akayamba kuyenda. Chithunzi chachipatala cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda am'mimba a phosphate mu ana ndi chosiyana kwambiri - nthawi zina chimatha kutsimikiziridwa pokhapokha pokhapokha pena paliponse, kupezeka kwazovuta kumawonekeratu, ndikufanana ndi ma ricores wamba.Makolo ndi madokotala angazindikire izi:

kupindika kwa miyendo, komwe kumawonekera momwe mwana amaphunzirira kuyenda,
wodabwitsa, mavuto ndi mawonekedwe a mano, khola,
wosakhazikika, mwana akuyenda mbali ndi mbali kapena sangayende popanda thandizo,
mafupa olimba, omwe amatsogolera kukuwombana pafupipafupi,
Zochita za mwana zachepa, amakhala wamisala akamayesa kumukakamiza kuchita zolimbitsa thupi,
kukula kwa mafupa a miyendo pafupi ndi mafupa.

Inde, chimodzi kapena zingapo mwazizindikirozi zimatha kuoneka mwa mwana wathanzi, chifukwa chake makolo sayenera kuchita mantha nthawi yomweyo. Koma ngati mwana amalira ndi zowawa nthawi iliyonse akaikidwa pamapazi ake, iyi ndi nthawi yolankhula ndi dokotala ndikuyezetsa.

Sizingakhale zovuta kwa katswiri kusiyanitsa matenda a chifuwa cham'mimba m'matumbo wamba: ndikusintha kowawa komaliza, mafupa onse amasintha, ndipo mafupa okhaokha ndi mafupa a miyendo amakhala ndi hypophosphatemic.

Mankhwala a shuga a phosphate

Njira ya chithandizo nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi makonzedwe a phosphorous mpaka 2 g patsiku, ndikutsatira mavitamini D mwanjira yolondola - kuyambira 20,000 IU maola 24 aliwonse. Pambuyo pake, moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, mlingo wa vitamini ukuwonjezeka tsiku lililonse ndi 10,000 kapena kupitilira IU patsiku. Nthawi yomweyo, dokotala amayang'anira momwe wodwalayo alili ndi zotsatira za mayeso ake: kupweteka kwa mafupa kuyenera kutha, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ayenera kubwezeretsedwanso. Kukula kumathandizira, thanzi lathunthu limayenda bwino. Mlingo wa phosphorous m'magazi uyenera kubwerera mwakale. Ngati palibe zizindikiro za kuledzera, koma mumapezeka mkodzo wambiri mu calcium, mlingo wa vitamini D ukupitiliza kuchuluka. Woopsa m'matenda, mavitamini ayenera kumwedwa nthawi zonse.

Mankhwala, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Rockaltrol, mtundu wa Vitamini D wophatikizika, ndi osakaniza a Albright okhala ndi mankhwala ophatikizika a phosphorous. Ndi kufooka kwambiri kwa mafupa, chithandizo cha mafupa kapena opaleshoni chikuwonetsedwa. Ngati matendawa adapezeka koyambirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuvala bandeji kapena corset ya msana.

Ngati matendawa apita popanda zizindikiro, akatswiri ambiri saona kufunika kothandizidwa kwambiri. Komabe, simuyenera kupuma: muyenera kumayesedwa pafupipafupi ndikuwunika momwe mwanayo aliri.

Zovuta zotheka

Ndi chithandizo cha panthawi yake, zovuta zimatha. Koma ngati kusintha kwa mafupa sikuyimitsidwa osakonzedwa nthawi yomweyo, kumakhalabe moyo. Izi zitha kukhala zopindika miyendo kapena kutalika kwambiri. Zovuta zamkati mwa mafupa a m'chiuno mwa azimayi ndizomwe zimayambitsa gawo la cesarean panthawi yapakati. Ponena za kutenga pakati, chiopsezo chodzetsa matendawa kwa mwana ndichokwera kwambiri.

Zotsogola, Kupewa

Ndi chithandizo choyenera muubwana, matendawa amatha kudziwonetsa pokhapokha pakufunika phosphorous ndi calcium. Izi zikugwira ntchito paunyamata, pakati komanso pakubala. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kutenga mavitamini ndi michere yofunikira ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala nthawi zonse. Ayenera kuwona chithunzi cha mayesowo kuti pasapezeke calcium, phosphorous kapena mavitamini ambiri.

Omwe ali ndi vuto la chibadwa ichi ayenera kuganizira mozama kuti matendawa ndi omwe amatengera kwa makolo awo, ndipo akambirane izi ngakhale pa nthawi yopanga banja. Ngati mayi ali ndi matenda a shuga a phosphate komanso kukhala ndi pakati, ayenera kuuza dokotala za kukhalapo kwa matendawa. Izi zimachepetsa chiwopsezo kwa mayi komanso mosamala kuyang'anira thanzi la mwana.

Wina angaganize molakwika kuti ngati mwayi wokhala ndi mwana wosabereka ndi 50%, ndiye kuti mimba yachiwiri imangoyesedwa ngati ili yonse yathanzi. Izi siziri choncho, kuthekera kopatsira shuga wa phosphate kwa mwana wachiwiri amakhalabe pamlingo wokwera kwambiri.

Ngakhale matenda ashuga a phosphate akadali matenda osachiritsika a majini, kuyendera kwa dokotala panthawi yoyenera, kupezeka koyenera, chithandizo choyenera komanso njira yovuta kwambiri yomwera mankhwalawa nthawi yonseyi, ndikotheka kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino, wotalikitsa.

Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga ndi owopsa?

Matenda a shuga ndi shuga wowonjezereka m'magazi. Kutanthauzira koteroko sikumangochitika mwangozi, chifukwa kutulutsa konse m'thupi la wodwalayo makamaka kumalumikizidwa ndi shuga wambiri. Ndipo kukhoza kwa wodwalayo kuthana ndi thanzi lawo, kukhalabe ndi shuga m'magazi pamlingo wachilengedwe, kumasinthira matendawa kukhala mtundu wapadera wamoyo, kutsatira zomwe kungatheke kupewa zovuta zazikulu zathanzi.

Matendawa amaphatikiza mitundu ingapo yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi kuperewera kwa michere mthupi la wodwalayo.

Matenda a shuga amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuwonjezera pa hyperglycemia, amadziwonetsera ndi kuphipha shuga mu mkodzo. Ichi ndiye chiyambi cha matendawa omwe akufunsidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, ludzu la wodwala yemwe wagwiritsa ntchito limachulukirachulukira, chikhumbo chake chikukula kwambiri, lipid metabolism ya thupi imasokonekera munjira ya hyper- ndi dyslipidemia, protein kapena mineral metabolism imasokonekera, ndipo zovuta zimayamba motsutsana ndi maziko azovuta zonse zapamwambazi.

Kuchuluka kwa odwala padziko lonse lapansi kwa odwala matenda ashuga kwachititsa asayansi ochokera kumaiko osiyanasiyana kuthana mwamphamvu ndi zovuta za kuzindikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa kuti asiyanitse mitundu ndi inzake. Chifukwa chake, mpaka posachedwapa, amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amadziwika makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 45. Mpaka pano, kutsimikizika kotereku kwatsimikiziridwa. Ziyenera kutsimikizidwa ndikuti chaka chilichonse pali anthu ochulukirapo omwe amadzazindikira ali aang'ono kwambiri (mpaka 35). Ndipo izi zikuyenera kupangitsa achinyamata amakono kuganiza za kulondola komwe ali m'moyo komanso kuvomerezeka kwa zomwe amachita tsiku ndi tsiku (zakudya, zochita, ndi zina).

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya matenda a shuga:

Mtundu I - wodwala insulin, amapangidwa mwa munthu wochepetsedwa kupanga insulin mthupi. Nthawi zambiri, amapangidwa mwa ana aang'ono, achinyamata ndi achinyamata. Ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga, munthu ayenera kuperekera insulin nthawi zonse.
Mtundu Wachiwiri - osadalira insulini, amatha kuchitika ngakhale ndi insulin yambiri m'magazi. Ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga, insulin sikokwanira kuchititsa shuga m'magazi. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amakhala pafupi ndi ukalamba, nthawi zambiri atatha zaka 40. Kapangidwe kake kamalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi. Mu matenda II amtundu, nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kusintha zakudya, kuchepetsa thupi ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi, ndipo zizindikiro zambiri za matenda ashuga zimatha. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga nawonso umagawika subtype A, yomwe imapangidwa motsutsana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, komanso subtype B, yomwe imayamba mwa odwala oonda.

Mitundu yapadera ya matenda a shuga sawonjezereka, monga:

LADA-shuga (dzina losatha), lero matenda ashuga (mwanjira ina, autoimmune), gawo lalikulu lomwe limafanana ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, koma matenda a shuga a LADA amakula pang'onopang'ono, kumapeto kwake matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri ngati matenda ashuga Mitundu iwiri.
MODI ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga a subclass A, omwe ndiwowoneka bwino ndipo amapangidwa motsutsana ndi matenda a kapamba, cystic fibrosis, kapena hemochromatosis.
Amayambitsa matenda a shuga a shuga.
Matenda a shuga a Class C amakula ndi zovuta mu endocrine system.

Kodi pali kusiyanasiyana ndi matenda a shuga a LADA?

Mawu akuti LADA amapatsidwa shuga ya autoimmune yaposachedwa mwa odwala akuluakulu. Anthu akugwera m'gululi, limodzi ndi odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba, akufunikira kwambiri chithandizo cha insulin chokwanira. Nthawi yomweyo, maselo a kapamba omwe amapanga insulin amabwera m'thupi la wodwalayo, zomwe zimadziwika kuti autoimmune zimachitika.

Akatswiri ena azachipatala amatcha matenda a shuga a LADA pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zina amapatsa dzinalo "1.5". Dzinali ndilosavuta kulongosola: kumwalira kwa ziwonetsero zonse za maselo obisika atakwanitsa zaka 35 kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, ndizofanana kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Koma, mosiyana ndi iye, maselo onse a beta a kapamba amafa, motero, kupanga kwa mahomoni posachedwa kumatha, kenako nkulekana.

Nthawi zambiri, kudalira kwathunthu kwa insulin kumapangidwa pambuyo pa zaka 1 mpaka 3 kuyambira pomwe matendawa amatenga ndipo amadutsa ndi zizindikiritso mwa amuna ndi akazi. Matendawa ali ngati mtundu wachiwiri, chifukwa kwanthawi yayitali mungathe kuwongolera ndunayo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya mokwanira.

Njira yabwino ya matendawa imapatsa mwayi woganiza kuti ichira kapena ichedwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri yopanga zovuta zonse zodziwika. Ntchito yayikulu imaperekedwa muzochitika zotere - glycemic control.

Pofuna kuwonjezera kuzindikira kwa odwala, masukulu apadera a shuga amapangidwa, cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuwunikira zida zoyenera momwe wodwalayo amayenera kuyeza zizindikiro zofunika komanso momwe akuyenera kuchitira zinthu zovuta.

Njira ndi njira zochiritsira

Monga tanena kale, mankhwala a insulini sangalephereke kwa odwala omwe ali mgululi. Akatswiri azachipatala amalangizidwa kuti achedwetse kayendetsedwe ka insulin. Zofunika! Ndikupezeka ndi matenda a shuga a LADA, chithandizo chimakhazikitsidwa pamfundoyi.

Odwala omwe adapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a LADA amafunika kuzindikira momwe matendawo angayambire komanso kuperekera mankhwala a insulin, omwe ali makamaka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kusungidwa kwa insulin. Nthawi zambiri, kuchepa kwa insulin mwa wodwala, makamaka, koyambirira kwa matendawa, amaphatikizidwa ndi insulin kukana.

Zikatero, odwala amamulembera mankhwala ochepetsa shuga omwe amachepetsa kapamba, koma munthawi yomweyo onjezerani mphamvu ya zotumphukira za insulin. Mankhwala omwe amalembedwera mu zochitika zotere amaphatikiza ndi Biguanide derivatives (metformin) ndi glitazones (avandium).

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Kupatula pokhapokha, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a LADA ndiofunikira kwambiri kuti apatsidwe mankhwala a insulin, chifukwa chake kuvomereza koyambirira kwa insulin kumapangitsa kupulumutsa inshuwaransi yoyambira yayitali kwa insulin kwa nthawi yayitali. Odwala omwe ali ndi zonyamula za LADA-shuga amalephera kugwiritsa ntchito secretogens, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulini itulutsidwe, chifukwa pambuyo pake izi zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa athe kutayika ndipo pambuyo pake kuwonjezereka kwa insulin.

Pochiza matenda a shuga a LADA, olimbitsa thupi olimbitsa thupi, ma hirudotherapy, ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi amathandizira kuonana ndi dokotala.

Kuphatikiza apo, njira zochizira zina zimachepetsa kupitilira kwa hyperglycemia. Chachikulu ndikukumbukira kuti ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochiritsira zilizonse pokhapokha povomerezeka ndi adokotala. Kudzipatsa nokha mankhwala kungasokoneze thanzi lanu.

Matenda a shuga am'modzi: Zizindikiro ndi kuwazindikira, chithandizo cha ana ndi kupewa

Ambiri amva za matenda monga matenda a shuga. Amadziwika mu ana, ali ndi mawonekedwe ake, motero njira zochizira matenda amtunduwu zimasiyananso ndizomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi odwala ena.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yamitundu iyi ya matenda ashuga. Onsewa ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana ndipo ndi osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kuti mudziwe momwe mungachitire izi kapena mawonekedwe amenewo, muyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe zimadziwika ndi.

Mwachitsanzo, Modi 2 imawoneka ngati mawonekedwe ofatsa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, palibe mwayi wopeza hyperglycemia yachangu, amadziwikanso kuti 8% yokha mwa odwala onse omwe amatha kudwala ketoacidosis. Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimadziwika ndi matendawa komanso kuzunza odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa sizimawonekera mthupi nthawi zonse.

Kanema (dinani kusewera).

Koma zingakhale momwe zingakhalire, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matendawa amafunikira chithandizo chokhazikika, motero ayenera kumwa jakisoni jakisoni, munthawi yolakwika kwambiri. Ndipo, zomwe ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, palibe chifukwa chowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.

Anthu okhala kumpoto kwa Europe, komanso aku Britain, Dutch ndi Germany, ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi Moby-atatu. Chofunikira chake ndikuti amayamba kudziwonetsa akadzakula. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amazindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira mchaka cha khumi cha matenda. Koma imadziwulula mwachangu kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imatsagana ndi zovuta.

Ndizowonekeratu kuti kudziwa mtundu wanji wa matenda omwe wodwala ali nawo, kungodziwitsa ena moyenera kungathandize.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti matenda a shuga 1 amapezeka mosavuta .. Mtunduwu wa matenda umadziwika peresenti imodzi yokha ya odwala onse omwe ali ndi vutoli. Koma imadziwika ndi zizindikiro zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, pamafunika chithandizo mwachangu ndi kuchipatala kwachangu kwa wodwalayo.

Fomu 4 imadziwonekera makamaka mwa odwala, monga, atatha zaka 17. Komanso, munthu sangakhale chete pankhani yoti shuga modi 5 imafanana kwambiri modi 2.

Palibe chitukuko, koma mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe achiwiri, matenda ashuga a shuga akhoza kuyamba pano.

Chidule cha kuzindikiritsa kumeneku chikuwonetsa kuti ndi mtundu wokhwima wa shuga womwe umapezeka mwa achinyamata. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawuwa anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kale mu 1975, amatanthauziridwa ndi ofufuza aku America. Adazindikira matenda osokonekera omwe amapita patsogolo mwa odwala kwambiri, mwa iwo omwe ali ndi cholowa chamatenda.

Anthu ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso loti matenda amtunduwu ndi owopsa bwanji. Choopsa chachikulu ndikuti matendawa amasokoneza ntchito ya ziwalo zina zonse mthupi, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri kwa odwala a zaka zazing'ono. Kupatula apo, zimadziwika kuti nthawi yakutha kwa mwana ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunika momwe ziwalo zake zonse zimagwirira ntchito ndikupewa kukula kwa matenda ena aliwonse.

Eya, matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zama metabolic, zomwe zimatha kuvulaza maziko a mahomoni a wodwala wachichepere. Gulu la odwala lolembetsedwa mwapadera ndi dokotala.

Matendawa amakula chifukwa cha masinthidwe ena omwe amapezeka m'mitundu. Zotsatira zake, maliseche a kapamba. Kusintha kwamtundu wamtunduwu kumasokoneza njira yodziwitsira matenda. Kuzindikira matenda a shuga a m'mody ndikotheka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwitsa anthu za maselo. Kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kusintha kwa majini kwachitika.

Kusanthula pamwambapa kukuwonetsa kuti ndi uti mwa mitundu isanu ndi itatu yomwe wasintha, ndipo mwina angatsimikizire kuti onse anasintha. Zotsatira izi, poyerekeza ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa ndi zina ndi zina zamankhwala, zithandiza kupanga njira yabwino yochizira.

Matenda achichepere - momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a MOD mwa mwana?

Pafupifupi aliyense wokhala padzikoli amadziwa za matenda amtundu wa matenda a shuga.

Mankhwala amakono amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yamatendawa:

Mtundu I shuga - wodalira insulin
Matenda a shuga a II - osagwirizana ndi insulin.

Pamodzi ndi zoyambirira, pali mitundu yapadera ya matendawa omwe amagawidwa ndi maphunziridwe ndi mtundu wa cholowa. Pansipa tikambirana za amodzi mwa mitundu iyi.

Kukhazikika kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba yodziwika ndi mawonekedwe aubwana ndi unyamata, ndipo kudalira insulin kumapangidwa nthawi yomweyo komanso moyo. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga zimagona mu kufa kwa maselo a pancreatic omwe amatha kutulutsa insulin.

Matenda a shuga a II Nthawi zambiri amakula mu msinkhu okhwima. Mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitilira muyeso, komanso ngati mumamwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga, sizifunikira kuyambitsa gawo la mahomoni.

Kuyambira 2010, gulu latsatanetsatane lotsatira ladziwika ndi mankhwala:

Type 1abetes mellitus: autoimmune (LADA) ndi mtundu 2 matenda a shuga: makamaka, matenda a shuga a modi (osakwanira kwa maselo a pancreatic ß),
Matenda A shuga
Matenda a mahule oyembekezera (HD),
Mitundu ina yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi: kusokonezeka kwa majini, matenda a endocrine system, mankhwala, matenda, chromosomal syndromes ndi zina zambiri.

Kutchuka kwa ma pathologies awiri oyamba chifukwa cha zomwe zimayambitsa komanso kufalikira.
Chokondweretsa ndichosiyanasiyana mwanjira yachiwiri yamatenda osinthana ndi shuga - Matenda a shuga ambiri, kufalikira komwe kukukulira mosalekeza.

Zikuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwa matenda amtunduwu ndiwofunikira kwambiri, koma vuto lodziwitsa AMODZI limagona pakuzindikira kwake. Matendawa amafanana ndi mtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri wakale, koma ali ndi njira yosiyana.

MODI (Matenda Akuluakulu a Matenda a Achinyamata) - chidule, chomwe chimayimira "shuga wazaka zachikulire." Kwa nthawi yoyamba, adayamba kukambirana za pathology mchaka cha 74 cha zana lomaliza ku Great Britain. Ali mchaka cha 75, adayesedwa ku gulu lina la zovuta zamtundu kuti adziwe matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha banja.

Kodi matenda a shuga a MODI ndi otani, amadziwika bwanji ndipo ndi mitundu yanji yamankhwala yomwe ingakhale?

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini, komwe kumasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a kapamba (kapamba).

Makamaka, pali chovuta pantchito ya islet yomwe ili ndi ma cell a beta omwe amapanga insulin.

Pathology imadziwonetsera pamaziko olowa nawo cholowa cha monogenic autosomal cholowa.

M'mawu osavuta, izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda am'mimba amaperekedwa ndi ma chromosomes achizolowezi, chifukwa chake anyamata ndi atsikana ali pachiwopsezo chimodzimodzi.

Cholowa cham'nyumba chimatanthawuza izi: ngati mwa majini awiri omwe alandila kwa makolo, mmodzi ndi woyamba, ndiye kuti mwana adzakhudzidwa mu 100% ya milandu. Ndipo mosiyana ndi izi: kupewa matenda omwe akudutsa.

Ndikupezeka kuti kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga ”kumayambika pokhapokha ngati kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kachakudya m'modzi mwa abale ake:

ndi shuga ndi matenda ashuga
glycemia wosokoneza,
kulolerana kwa glycemic,

Pankhaniyi, kusintha kwa mtundu wina wamtunduwu kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Kutengera ndi mtundu wanji womwe udagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa masinthidwe, zosintha zingapo zamODY-D zimasiyanitsidwa, zomwe zimasiyana mu Symbomatology ndi chiwonetsero chachipatala. Koma zochitika zodziwika pakati pawo zimachitikanso.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda a shuga a modi kumachitika chifukwa cha zizindikiro zingapo:

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'chuma cha mibadwo iwiri,
Kuwonetsedwa sikumayendetsedwa ndi ketoacidosis pakuwunika mkodzo (kununkhira kwa acetone ndi kukhalapo kwa matupi a ketone),
Kukula koyambirira kwa matendawa (mpaka zaka 25),
Kukhululukidwa kwanthawi yayitali - mpaka chaka 1,
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino pakulipiritsa ndi Mlingo wochepa wa insulin
Palibe onenepa kwambiri
Kupanga kwa insulin ndi maselo a pancreatic amasungidwa,
Palibe ma antibodies omwe amalimbana ndi ma pancreatic β-cell,
Dongosolo la HLA silimalumikizidwa,
Mulingo wabwinobwino wa C-peptide, womwe umawonetsa kubisika kwa maselo a pancreatic,
Mndandanda wamtundu wa glycemic sapitilira chizindikiro cha 8%.

Madandaulo kuchokera kwa odwala za kuwonjezereka kwa thanzi sikukulandilidwa, ndipo palibe chithunzi chotchulidwa kuchipatala, koma zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimafunikira kudziwitsidwa kwakanthawi.

Kulekanitsidwa kwa amuna ndi akazi odwala matenda a shuga azimayi amatha kukhudzidwa. Njira ya "wamkazi" endocrine matenda amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe owopsa, mosiyana ndi "wamwamuna".

Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe matendawa sapita pamalo omwe apangika, omwe ndi ovuta kuwongolera ndi kuwachiritsa.

Chifukwa chake, popewa kukula kwa zovuta zazikulu, pakuwonetsa pang'ono mawonekedwe a matenda, amapimidwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Zakhala zikunenedwa pamwambapa kuti ndizovuta kuzindikira matenda a shuga a MOD, chifukwa cha zachilendo zomwe zimachitika. Koma chopinga china pakuzindikira ndikupezeka kwa subtypes a endocrine matenda.

Mu 2018, mitundu 13 ya mawonetseredwe azachipatala adadziwika.

Zambiri kuposa ena kusinthidwa MODY-3 ndipo amapanga 70% ya milandu yonse. Mwansanga amapita patsogolo atakwanitsa zaka 10 mwa mwana ndipo amakhala ndi zovuta zambiri. Kuperewera kwa insulin pankhaniyi kumalipiridwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
MODI-2 sakhala yachilendo, yodziwika ndi njira yofatsa komanso kubwezera zabwino. Samatsogolera pakukula kwa ketoacidosis.
Zowonetsera MODY-1 ili ndi chizindikiro cha 1%, sichilandidwa kawirikawiri ndipo chimayambitsidwa ndi maphunziro owopsa.

MODI-4 imawonekera pambuyo pa kutha msinkhu (ali ndi zaka 17), ndi AMODI-5 - mpaka zaka 10 ndipo amathandizidwa ndi nephropathy yayikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lotsalira komanso zosintha zomwe zimasinthidwa ndizosowa kwambiri kotero kuti tanthauzo lake limatayika.

Kuti muzindikire moyenera, modi-D imayang'ana kwambiri pazowonetsa zingapo zamankhwala.

Njira yodalirika yodziwira matenda polymerase unyolo reaction (PCR). Kafukufuku wam'maselo awa amatsimikizira kusintha kwa majini.

Kuphatikiza pa PCR, mndandanda wowonjezera wamaphunziro ulinso:

kuyeserera kwa shuga
pancreatic ultrasound,
magazi ndi mkodzo mayeso,
kuyesa shuga, C-peptide ndi insulin,
kuphunzira zamadzimadzi kagayidwe.

Posankha shuga YAMODZI, kusala kudya kwa hyperglycemia ndichizindikiro chachikulu., kuchuluka kwake ndi 8.5% (pamwamba pamachitidwe abwinobwino, koma pansi pamikhalidwe ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga) ndi kulolerana kopanda chakudya. Ngati zizindikiro zoterezi zimadzipangitsa kumva kukhudzidwa kwa zaka 2 - kupatula kukhalapo kwa matendawa.

Komanso onaninso kuwoneka kwa chikhululukiro kwanthawi yayitali popanda chizindikiro cha kubwezera. Izi zimatchedwa "honeymoon" mwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Ngati kukayikira kwa matenda ashuga kwatsimikiziridwa, kuyesedwa kwa chibadwa kumalimbikitsidwa kudutsa ndi abale a mwana.

Popeza maphunzirowa ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi matenda amtundu wa II, chithandizo chimachitika molingana ndi njira iyi:

Zakudya ndi kusintha zakudya,
zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi

Zochita zamankhwala zimatsimikizira kuyenera kwa njira zotere pochiza matendawa.

Chithandizo chothandizira chimachitika kudzera mu masewera olimbitsa thupi kupuma komanso mankhwala achikhalidwe.

Ngati njira zotere sizipereka zotsatira zomwe zikufunidwa, chithandizo china chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Zovuta za matendawa AMODZI-matenda ashuga, pakalibe chithandizo, ndiwofanana ndi zovuta za matenda amtundu wa II:

kwambiri matenda opatsirana,
matenda amaso, chapakati mantha dongosolo, impso
kusabala ndi kusabereka,
zovuta zamanjenje ndi minyewa,
kukula kwa ketoacidosis ndi polyuria,
wodwala matenda ashuga
matenda ndi matenda a kupuma dongosolo chifukwa kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira (kukula kwa chifuwa cham'mimbamo).

Popewa kukula kwamavuto, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri panthawi kuti adziwike za matenda.

Njira zodzitetezera zimakhazikitsidwa ndi miyezo yoletsa matenda ashuga akale komanso monga:

moyo wokangalika
kukana chakudya “chofulumira” komanso chakudya chokwanira,
kutsatira malamulo ndi kusinthana kwakanthawi kantchito ndi kupuma

Dziwani zambiri zamankhwala atsopano kuchokera kanema:

Ngakhale kuti chibadwa chimayambitsa matendawa, chitha kulipiriridwa bwino ngati mulabadira thanzi lanu.

Mtundu wodziwika bwino wa matenda ashuga Mody adadzipatsa dzina kuchokera ku chingerezi cha English Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young kapena okhwima shuga a achinyamata. Kukula kwake kumagona mu asymptomatic Inde, komwe kumapangitsa kuti adziwe, komanso chithunzi chapadera chachipatala chomwe sichili ndi mtundu wina wamatenda.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Mody ndi awa:

kuzindikira za matendawa mu ana ndi achinyamata ochepera zaka 25,
kusowa kwa kudalira kwa insulin,
kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga m'modzi mwa makolo kapena abale am'mibadwo iwiri kapena kupitilira apo.

Chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa majini, kugwira ntchito kwa maselo a beta a endocrine pancreas kumasokonezedwa. Kusintha kwofananako kwa majini kumatha kuchitika mwa ana, achinyamata, ndi unyamata. Matendawa amakhala ndi zotsutsana pakugwira ntchito kwa impso, ziwalo zamawonedwe, zamanjenje, mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Zodalirika mtundu wa Matenda a shuga a Mody awonetsa zotsatira za kufufuza majini.

Mitundu yonse ya matenda a shuga a Mody, kupatula Mody-2, amawononga mphamvu yamanjenje, ziwalo zamawonedwe, impso, mtima. Pankhani imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ndi chizolowezi kupatula mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya matenda a shuga a Mody, osiyana mitundu yamtundu wosinthika komanso njira zamankhwala zodwalirana. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi:

Mody-3. Amadziwika nthawi zambiri, mu 70% ya milandu. Amayamba chifukwa cha masinthidwe amtundu wa alpha wa HNF1. Matenda a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin yopangidwa ndi kapamba. Monga lamulo, odwala matenda a shuga amtunduwu amakhala obadwa mwa achinyamata kapena ana ndipo amapezeka patatha zaka 10. Odwala safuna insulin yokhazikika, ndipo mankhwalawa amapezeka pakumwa mankhwala a sulfonylurea (Glibenclamide etc.).
Mody-1. Zimakwiya ndi masinthidwe amtundu wa alpha wa HNF4. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu, monga lamulo, amatenga kukonzekera kwa sulfonylurea (Daonil, Maninil, ndi zina), komabe, matendawa amatha kupita patsogolo pakufunika kwa insulin. Amapezeka mu 1% yokha yamatenda a shuga modi.
Mody-2. Njira yamtunduwu ndi yofewa kwambiri kuposa yoyamba. Amayamba ngati masinthidwe amtundu wa enzyme yapadera ya glycolytic - glucokinase. Jini ikasiya kukwaniritsa ntchito yake yolamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kochulukirapo kuposa kwawonso. Monga lamulo, odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga a Mody samasonyezedwa chithandizo chilichonse.

Mbali yodziwika bwino ya matenda a shuga a Mody ndikukula kwamatenda pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake kuzindikira kumayambiriro ndizovuta. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a shuga a modi zimaphatikizapo kufooka, kuwona kwazovuta, komanso matenda obwezeretsa m'matenda komanso yisiti. Komabe, nthawi zambiri pamakhala palibe kuwonekera kwazizindikiro zilizonse, ndipo chikhomo chokhacho chomwe chikuwonetsa kuti munthu akudwala matenda a Mody ndiwonjezereka wa shuga m'magazi kwa zaka zingapo.

Zizindikiro zowopsa zikuphatikiza:

hyperglycemia yosala pang'ono, pomwe shuga amachepa mpaka 8 mmol / l kwazaka zopitilira ziwiri zotsatizana, ndipo zizindikiro zina zamatenda sizichitika,
kusowa kwa kusintha kwa mankhwala a insulin kwa nthawi yayitali anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1,
kukhalapo kwa shuga mkodzo limodzi ndi shuga wabwinobwino wamwazi,
glucose kulolerana mayeso limawonetsa abnormality.

Ngati mwakumana ndi dokotala mosakayikira kuti akupatseni mankhwala, shuga ya magazi imawonjezeka, zomwe zimatsogolera ku izi:

kukodza mwachangu
ludzu losalekeza
kuwonda / kupindula
mabala osachiritsa
pafupipafupi matenda.

Ngati zizindikiro zina zikuwoneka, muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuti mudziwe mtundu wa matendawa. Kuyang'ana koyambirira kwa matenda a shuga a Mody kumaphatikizapo:

Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa shuga m'magazikomanso zizindikiro za kukana insulin. Muzochitika kuti zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kupatuka panjira yokhazikika, gawo lotsatira lidzakhala kudziwa mtundu wa shuga womwe umakhudzana ndi ndondomeko ya mankhwalawo.
Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa kuyesa kwa majinikudziwa mtundu weniweni wa matenda a shuga a Mody ngakhale zizindikiro zilizonse zisanachitike. Ngati masinthidwe apezeka amtundu wofanana, mtundu 1 kapena 2 wa shuga umaphatikizidwa.

Odwala omwe apeza zizindikiro zonse zoyambirira za matenda a shuga a Mody ayenera kupimidwa mayeso osiyanasiyana, pomwe zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa:

Zizindikiro za insulin, mapuloteni C - peptide, amylase, glucose,
chikhazikitso cha kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune kumaselo opanga insulin
mkhalidwe wa kapamba malinga ndi zotsatira za ultrasound,
kulolerana kwa shuga,
fecal trypsin,
kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi mafuta ambiri m'magazi,
magazi a lipid
Chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa zovuta za shuga ndi hemoglobin,
genotyping a shuga,
pulogalamu.

Chifukwa cha zovuta zoyipa za matendawa m'matumbo amaso, tikulimbikitsidwanso kuti tikayang'anire.

Ndikofunikira kuzindikira matenda a shuga a Mody panthawi yake pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

kupeza chithandizo choyenera ndi malingaliro a mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga,
popeza mwayi uli ndi 50% woti m'modzi mwa makolo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a Mody apatsira mwana wake matendawa.
Achibale ena amalangizidwanso kuti ayesedwe.

Kumbukirani kuti matenda a shuga a Mody amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo ali ngati asymptomatic. Chifukwa chake, pakakhala zizindikiro za atypical, muyenera kufunsa dokotala katswiri wamkulu ndi endocrinologist.

Njira yothandizira mankhwalawa imatengera mtundu wamatenda:

Mody-1 Amathandizidwa pakamwa ndi mothandizidwa ndi sulfonylureas monga Gliburid, Glipizid, Glimepirid. Kumwa mankhwala kumathandizira kupanga insulin yochulukirapo ndi kapamba, zomwe zimaletsa kuyendera kwa mahomoni nthawi zonse.
Mody-2 ndiye mtundu wofatsa kwambiri wamatendawa. Monga lamulo, sizifunikira chithandizo chamankhwala ndi mahomoni. Kuwongolera nthawi yonse ya matendawa kumatha kusungidwa ndi chakudya chochepa chamafuta komanso zovuta zolimbitsa thupi.
Mody-3 ndi Mody-4 Komanso ndizosavuta kuthana ndi mankhwala a sulfonylurea (Glyclazide, Glimepiride), omwe amalola odwala kuti achedwetse kufunika kwa insulin yowonjezera.
Mody-5 ndi Mody-6 ndi mitundu yosowa ya matenda ashuga. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu amafunika kudya kawirikawiri insulin.

Odwala onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi mtundu wina wa matenda a shuga a Mody amalandila bwino. Chifukwa chake, kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, amodzi mwa omwe akuyenera kulandira Matenda a kulemera kwa thupi.

Kodi matenda a shuga a modi ndi ati, angapezeke bwanji, komanso ndi njira zochiritsira, onani vidiyoyi.

Matenda a matenda a shuga ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amakhala ndi moyo wake wonse. Kuti musankhe bwino mankhwalawo, kudzichiritsa nokha sikofunikira. Kusankha kwa mankhwala, komwe kumatengera zovuta za matendawa komanso chithunzi cha matenda ena ake, zimachitika kokha ndi endocrinologist.