Insulin imabisidwa ndi kapamba. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutumiza kwa glucose kusungunuka m'mwazi kupita kuzinthu zonse komanso maselo a thupi. Amachititsanso kuti kagayidwe kazakudya kagayidwe kake kazikhala mwamphamvu. Insulin imathandizira kuphatikiza pa amino acid kenako imasinthira mapuloteni m'maselo.

Pamene kupanga kwa mahomoni kapena kulumikizana kwake ndi ziwalo za thupi kusokonekera, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera molimba (izi zimatchedwa hyperglycemia). Ndikupezeka kuti yemwe amayendetsa shuga kulibe, ndipo iye sangathe kulowa m'maselo. Chifukwa chake, kusakaniza kwa glucose kosasinthika kumakhalabe m'magazi, kumakhala kowonjezereka ndikulephera kutulutsa okosijeni ndi michere yomwe imafunikira pothandizira njira ya metabolic.

Zotsatira zake, makoma azotengera samatha kulowa ndipo amalephera. Zimakhala zosavuta kuvulaza. Ndi "siz" izi, mitsempha imatha kuvutika. Zochitika zonsezi mumapangidwe amatchedwa shuga.

Matenda A shuga - Mitundu ya Matenda

Wodwala pakalibe chithandizo amatha kugwa, komwe nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kufa.Kuzindikira kwa ma receptor kupita ku insulin kumachepa, ngakhale kuchuluka kwabwinobwino amapangidwa. Popita nthawi, kupanga kwa mahomoni ndi mphamvu zamagetsi kumachepa (glucose ndiye gwero lake lalikulu).

Mapuloteni aprotein amasokonezeka, makutidwe ndi okosijeni amathandizidwa. Matupi a Ketone amayamba kudziunjikira m'magazi. Cholinga chakuchepa kwa chidwi chitha kukhala okalamba kapena matenda (poyizoni wa mankhwala, kunenepa kwambiri, mankhwala osokoneza bongo) kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma receptors.Nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mwa azimayi atabereka. Unyinji wa ana pankhaniyi umaposa 4 kg. Matendawa amatha kulowa mosavuta mu matenda ashuga II.

Kapangidwe kake ka mtundu uliwonse wa shuga ndikosiyana, koma pali zizindikiro zomwe zili ndi aliyense wa iwo. Sizitengera zaka komanso mtundu wa wodwala. Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. Kulemera kwa thupi
2. Wodwala amamwa madzi ambiri, pomwe akumva ludzu nthawi zonse,
3. Kukakamira pafupipafupi kukodza, kuchuluka kwamkodzo tsiku lililonse kumatha kufika mpaka malita 10.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Matendawa ndiosavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiza. Matenda a shuga amayamba kukhala osachiritsika ndipo amayamba kuchira. Maonekedwe a matendawa amakhudza magulu omwe ali ndi odwala omwe akhudzidwa ndi izi:

• Matenda a Beta-cell (kapamba, khansa ya kapamba, etc.),
• Khalidweli
• Matenda a endocrine dongosolo: Hyper- kapena hypofunction ya chithokomiro England, matenda a adrenal gland (kotekisi), pituitary gland.
• Pancreatic arteriosulinosis,
• Matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus: chikuku, chimfine, rubella, nthomba, nsungu,
• Moyo wodekha (kusowa masewera olimbitsa thupi),
• Kunenepa kwambiri (makamaka panthawi yapakati)
• Zovuta zambiri
• Matenda oopsa
• Kuledzera ndi uchidakwa,
• Kuwonetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mankhwala ena (pituitary somatostatin, prednisone, furosemide, cyclinthuazide, maantibayotiki, hypothiazide).

Amayi amakonda kwambiri matendawa kuposa amuna. Izi ndichifukwa choti mthupi la abambo mumakhala testosterone yambiri, yomwe imakhudza bwino kupanga kwa insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi ziwerengero, atsikana amatenga shuga wambiri ndi chakudya chamagulu, zomwe zimapangitsa shuga wamagazi.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga?

Kuyesedwa kwa matenda a shuga kungaphatikizepo kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo, komanso kuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili. Kwanenedwa kale kuti matenda amadziwika ndi kusintha kwa kulemera. Nthawi zambiri chizindikiro ichi chimakupatsani mwayi woti mudziwe mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Pali zizindikiro zapadera zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga 1 kapena 2. Kukula kwa mawonekedwe awo kumadalira m'badwo wamatendawa, kuchuluka kwa insulin, momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhalira komanso kupezeka kwa matenda akumbuyo.

Ngati palibe ma pathologies, ndiye kuti maola angapo mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga kuyenera kubwereranso kwina (mutangomaliza kudya kumadzuka, izi ndizabwinobwino).

Ngati pali matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti pali zizindikiro:

1. Pakamwa pokhazikika pouma
2. Khungu ndi khungu lowuma,
3. Njala yokhutira komanso chilakolako chokwanira, ngakhale wodwala azidya zochuluka motani,
4. Munthu amatopa msanga, kumva kuti ndi wofooka (makamaka mu minofu), amakhala wopanda chidwi komanso wosakwiya.
5. Khunyu nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi nkhawa, imapezeka makamaka mu ana a ng'ombe,
6. Nebula wa masomphenya
7. Kuzizira m'miyendo.

Zizindikiro zina zimatha kukuthandizani kuzindikira matenda ashuga mukangoyamba kumene. Thupi lokha limayamba kuwonetsa kuti zosokoneza zina zikuchitika mkati mwake. Kukula kwa matendawa kungatsimikizidwe ndi izi:

• Kudwala nthawi zonse, kusanza,
• Mabala otuluka amachiritsa bwino, fester (chizindikiro chodziwika ndi matenda amtundu wa 2),
• Matenda apakhungu awoneka, akhoza kutumphuka,
• Kuyamwa kwambiri pamimba, maliseche, mikono ndi miyendo,
• Tsitsi kumapeto kumatha
• Paresthesia (kumva kulira) ndi dzanzi la miyendo,
• Tsitsi la nkhope limayamba kukula
• Zizindikiro za chimfine zimawonekera
• Xanthomas ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono kutalika mthupi lonse,
• Mwa amuna, balanoposthitis (chifukwa cha kukodza pafupipafupi, khungu limatupa).

Zizindikirozi ndizothandiza pamitundu yonse iwiri yamatenda. Mavuto a pakhungu amawoneka kwambiri ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.

Mayeso oti udutse

Amapereka kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi a m'magazi. Ndikwabwino kupanga zovuta zomwe zimakhala ndi maphunziro awa:

• Mkodzo pamatumbo a ketone ndi shuga,
• Magazi a shuga kuchokera ku chala chanu
• Magazi a insulin, hemoglobin ndi C-peptide,
• Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa khungu.

Musanadutse mayeso, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

1. Patulani mankhwala onse mu maola 6,
2. Osamadya osachepera maola 10 mayeso asanachitike,
3. Osamadya vitamini C,
4. Musadzinyengere nokha ndi kuthupi.

Ngati palibe matenda, ndiye kuti chizindikiro cha glucose chidzachokera ku 3,3 mpaka 3.5 mmol / L.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda ashuga kunyumba?

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kugula ku pharmacy:

• Khazikitsani A1C - iwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa miyezi itatu.
• Mizere yoyeserera mkodzo - malingaliro onse osanthula ali mumalangizo. Pamaso pa glucose mkodzo, ndi MANDATORY kuchita kafukufuku ndi glucometer.
• Glucometer - ili ndi lancet yomwe imaboola chala. Ma strapp apadera amayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikuwonetsa zotsatira zake pazenera. Kudziwa shuga kunyumba ndi njirayi kumatenga zosaposa mphindi 5. Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhala 6%.

Kodi matenda omwe adwala ndi

Matendawa m'magulu ochita ntchito nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "njira yofikira kukalamba", chifukwa matenda a shuga amasokoneza njira zonse za thupi. Zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zowopsa:

1. Kuphwanya ntchito ya maliseche. Kusabala kungayambike mwa amuna, komanso kusamba kwamiseche kwa akazi. Muzochitika zapamwamba, kusabereka kumawonekera, kukalamba koyambirira ndi matenda ena amachitidwe obala.
2. Stroke, zovuta zamagazi mu ubongo, encephalopathy (kuwonongeka kwa mtima).
3. Kukhulupirira masomphenya. Izi zimaphatikizapo: conjunctivitis, matenda a shuga, balere, kuwonongeka kwa ziphuphu, kuphwanya kwa khungu ndi khungu, kuwonongeka kwa iris.
4. Kutupa kwamkamwa. Mano athanzi amatuluka, matenda a periodontal ndi stomatitis amakula.
5. Matendawa
6. Matenda a matenda ashuga. Njira za purroc necrotic, zotupa za osteoarticular zimayamba ndi zilonda zam'mimba (mafupa, minofu yofewa, mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, khungu, mafupa amakhudzidwa). Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chodulidwa mwendo mwa odwala.
7. Matenda a mtima dongosolo (atherosulinosis, mtima arrhythmias, matenda amitsempha yamagazi).
8. Zovuta zam'mimba zodutsa - fecal incinuence, kudzimbidwa ndi zina zotero.
9. Kulephera kwamkati komwe kumayambitsa impso yochita kupanga.
10. Kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje.
11. Coma

Matendawa ndi akulu kwambiri, motero odwala amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala monga insulin, kusintha kwathunthu kwa moyo wawo komanso zakudya.

Zochita zonsezi zidzakhala za moyo wonse, chifukwa ndizosatheka kuchiritsa matendawa.

Nanga bwanji matenda ashuga?

Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga, njira zochiritsira zimasiyana:

• Mtundu 1. Mankhwala a insulin amachitika - jakisoni wa mahomoni a mayunitsi a 0,5-1 pa kilogalamu ya kulemera. Zakudya zomanga thupi ndi masamba / zipatso zina zimachepetsedwa. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Ndi chithandizo choyenera cha thupi, wodwalayo samakumana ndi zovuta.
• Mtundu 2. Insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati muli ndi zochitika zapamwamba kwambiri, motero palibe chifukwa chochitira izo. Chithandizo chachikulu ndicho kudya mankhwala ndikumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic. Amathandizira shuga kulowa m'maselo. Nthawi zambiri infusions pa zitsamba.

Zakudya zoyenera kwa matenda

Imachita imodzi mwatsatanetsatane pochiza matendawa. Pazakudya zinazake, ndibwino kufunsa katswiri wazakudya. Ngati tirikulankhula za mfundo zazikuluzonse zokhudzana ndi zakudya za matendawa, titha kusiyanitsa izi:

• Chotsani shuga ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimapezeka muzakudya. Ngati ndizovuta popanda shuga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zina. Zilibe zopindulitsa thupi, koma osayambitsa zovulaza.
• Kuti m'mimba mutha kugaya bwino zakudya zamafuta, mutha (m'malo oyenera) kugwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira.
• M'malo khofi ndi zakumwa za ceccoria.
• Adyo ochulukirapo, kabichi, anyezi, sipinachi, udzu winawake, tomato, nsomba (kupatula mitundu yamafuta), dzungu ndi masamba ena atsopano.
• Kuti muchepetse kapena kusadya zakudya zotere konse.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Masewera amawotcha shuga owonjezera. Pali masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amapangidwira odwala matenda ashuga. Muyenera kuzichita tsiku ndi tsiku.

1. Kukweza masokosi, manja amapuma kumbuyo kwa mpando - mpaka 20 zobwereza,
2. Squat akugwirizira chithandizo - maulendo 10-15,
3. Muyenera kugona kumbuyo kwanu moyang'anizana ndi khoma, pambuyo pake muyenera kukweza miyendo yanu ndikulimbitsa mapazi anu kukhoma kwa mphindi 3-5,
4. Kuyenda tsiku lililonse pamsewu ndikuyenda mosinthasintha.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti izi sizophunzirira muholo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafuna kumaliza kudzera "Sindingathe."

Thupi silikuyenera kuchuluka ndipo ngati zikuvuta kuti wodwalayo azibwereza - asiyire zochepa. Wonjezerani katundu pang'onopang'ono.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji?

Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwunika nthawi zonse thanzi lanu komanso momwe mukukhalira moyo wabwino. Popewa kukula kwa matendawa, tsatirani malamulo awa:

• M'malo mafuta nyama nyama,
• Osakhala ndi mantha kwambiri
• Sewerani masewera
• Kawiri pachaka, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo ndi magazi,
• Chepetsa kapena siyani mowa ndi fodya
• Idyani pang'ono
• Chepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi zakudya zina zosavuta m'zakudya zanu.

Kumbukirani kuti thanzi lanu limawonetsera mayendedwe amoyo. Zimavutika mukapanda kuzitsatira ndikukuthandizani ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Chifukwa chake, chitani ulemu mthupi lanu ndipo matenda adzakudutsani!

Momwe mungadziwire shuga ndi dokotala komanso kunyumba. Zizindikiro za matenda omwe akukula. Kodi matenda ashuga ali bwanji mwa amuna ndi akazi - zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi kuwazindikira

Anthu ambiri amadziwa za matenda oopsa monga matenda ashuga, chifukwa matendawa amatengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo. Matenda a zida za endocrine amayamba mosazindikira, popeza magawo oyambilira amakhala ndi mphamvu yamkati ya thupi. Nthawi zambiri kuzindikiritsa kumatsimikiziridwa kale mkati mwazidziwitso zamankhwala.

Kudziwitsa momwe mungadziwire matenda osokoneza bongo kunyumba kungaloleze kuyamba kwakanthawi kokwanira, komanso kuwongolera momwe wodwalayo alili, komanso kukwaniritsa chipukutiro chokhazikika, osatsogolera pakukula kwa zovuta.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya matendawa, koma iliyonse yaiwo imayenda ndi hyperglycemia (mkhalidwe womwe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakwera). Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo, pamaziko omwe magawidwe a endocrine pathology amangidwa:

• Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin (mtundu 1) - matendawa amafala kwambiri mwa achinyamata, limodzi ndi kulephera kwa ma cell a pancreatic. Chiwalocho sichingapangitse insulini yokwanira, momwe imalumikizirana ndi kulowerera kwa glucose m'maselo ndi kuchepa kwa glycemia.
• Matenda a shuga osadalira insulin (mtundu 2) - ochulukirapo mwa anthu okalamba. Kasitomala amatulutsa timadzi tokwanira, koma minyewa ndi maselo amthupi "siziwona", kutaya chidwi.
• Matenda a gestational - amapezeka munthawi ya bere, nthawi zambiri amapita pambuyo pobereka. Malinga ndi makina a chitukuko, ndi zofanana ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.
• Matenda a Neonatal - amakula mwa ana obadwa kumene, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda obadwa nawo.

Zofunika! Kugawidwa koteroko kumakupatsani mwayi wofanizira zaka za wodwalayo, kupezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chidwi ndi zina zokhudzana ndi izi kuti musangodziwa kukhalapo kwa matendawa, komanso kudziwa mtundu wake.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda kunyumba

Anthu ambiri sakudziwa zida zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira matenda ashuga, komabe, amadziwa zomwe zimawonetsa.

Kuwunikiridwa kwa kukhalapo kwa chithunzi cha matenda matendawa ndi gawo limodzi lazidziwitso za "kunyumba"

Kutengera zowonetsera zina, mutha kuganiza za kukhalapo kwa endocrine pathology:

• ludzu
• kamwa yowuma
• kuchuluka kwamkodzo
• kuyabwa pakhungu,
• kudya kwambiri, limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa thupi,
• mabala osachiritsika osachiritsa, zotupa, zotupa,
• kukwiya, kusakwiya, kusokonezeka kwa tulo.

Ndikofunikanso kuwunika anthu omwe ali ndi abale omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, makamaka mzere wobadwira.

Zida Zofunikira Zokuthandizira

Kuyesetsa kambiri kudziwa matenda ashuga kunyumba sikofunikira. Kuti muchite izi, ingogulani mu pharmacy:

• mzere wowoyesa,
• magazi shuga mita
• dongosolo loyesa A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin).

Zida zonsezi ndi zida zothandizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira munthu wamkulu kapena mwana ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Zovuta zimakhala ndi malangizo. Mtengo umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku ruble 500 mpaka 6000, kutengera kampani ndi dziko lakapangidwe.

Mikwingwirima Yoyeserera Shuga

Malamba apadera okhala ndi ma reagents amathandizira kudziwa matenda a shuga. Amaonedwa ngati osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Mafuta kapena kuipitsidwa kwa magazi kumapangitsa khungu la tester. Zizindikiro zimayesedwa ndi mtundu womaliza.

Zida za Mayeso a shuga - Njira Yotsika Mtengo Yoyesera

Zofunika! Nthawi zambiri, shuga wothamanga ayenera kukhala m'mitundu 3, 33-5,55 mmol / L. Zakudya zitatha kudya mthupi, ziwerengero zimachulukana, koma zimabweranso kwawiri mkati mwa maola awiri.

Kuti muzindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyeserera, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta:

1. Sambani manja ndi sopo, lowume bwino, ofunda.
2. Ikani zida zofunika pa chokoleti choyera kapena chopukutira.
3. Chala chomwe malembawo amayendetsedwera chiyenera kukonzedwa, ndikuchiritsidwa ndi mowa.
4. Kuboola matendawa kumachitika ndi singano yosalala kapena kuperewera mankhwala.
5. Dontho la magazi liyenera kuyikidwa pa pepala pamalo omwe amachitidwa ndi reagent (akuwonetsedwa mu malangizo).
6. Chala chimayenera kukanikizidwa ndi chidutswa cha thonje.

Zotsatira zake zitha kudziwika mkati mwa mphindi imodzi (m'mayikidwe osiyanasiyana).Kutengera zisonyezo za glycemic, mtundu wina umawonekera, womwe uyenera kufananizidwa ndi muyeso womwe umatsata malangizowo. Mthunzi uliwonse umafanana ndi ziwerengero zenizeni za glycemic.

Mizere Yoyesa ya Glucosuria

Maonekedwe a shuga mumkodzo ndi njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yomwe munthu akadali ndi matenda ashuga. Glucosuria imatsimikizidwanso kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyeserera.

Zofunika! Mtundu wa matenda okhathamira ndi matenda a insulin okalamba sangaonetse kukhalapo kwa shuga mkodzo ndi njira yofananira, popeza kuti cholowera pomwe impso zimadutsa glucose mumkodzo umawonjezereka mwa odwala.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zoyenera ndikuchotsa matendawa munthawi yake, kuzindikira kuyenera kuchitika kawiri pa tsiku. Nthawi yoyamba iyenera kukhala pamimba yopanda kanthu, yachiwiri - itatha maola 1.5-2 chakudya chitalowetsedwa.

Glucosuria - chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga

Mikhodzo imayenera kusungidwa mu chidebe ndipo Mzere umayenera kutsitsidwamo, ukangokhalamo kwa nthawi yayitali malinga ndi malangizo. Wowonongera samaphwanyidwa, osapukutidwa. Amayikidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo patadutsa mphindi zochepa, yeretsani zotsatira zake malinga ndi mtundu womwe mwalandira.

Zipangizozi zimakuthandizani kuti mumve zambiri molondola zokhudzana ndi matenda anu a shuga, chithandizo cha mankhwala omwe amayenera kuyamba atangozindikira. Ma Glucometer ndi zida zosunthika zomwe zimakhala ndi nyumba yokhala ndi chophimba ndi mabatani angapo owongolera, batiri, malolo (zida zamakono chala) ndi zingwe zoyesa.

Zotsatira zakuwonekera zimawonekera pambuyo pa masekondi 5-25. Zipangizo zambiri zimatha kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kuchokera pazotsatira zomwe zimasungidwa kukumbukira, kulumikizana ndi makompyuta anu ndi zida zina. Pali ena omwe ali ndi mawu olamulira ndi zomveka zapadera zopangidwira anthu okalamba ndi odwala olumala.

Mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito ili motere:

1. Mukayimitsa, chipangizocho chimatha kuwonetsa mtundu wa mizere yoyesera yomwe imayenera kuyikidwa mu mita. Pambuyo poika chingwe mu kagawo kapadera, chipangizocho ndi chokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Chala chabochedwa ndi chovala, dontho la magazi limayikidwa pa mzere.
3. Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi zimawonetsedwa pazenera.
4. Mzere wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi lancet zimatayidwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mita ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yolondola kwambiri yodziwira matenda.

Zofunika! Zinthu zitha kutengedwa osati chala chokha, koma kuchokera phewa, pamphumi ndi ntchafu.

Uku ndi kuyesa kwa matenda a shuga, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wowonetsa glycemia m'miyezi itatu yapitayo molingana ndi hemoglobin ya glycated (glycosylated). Munthu ayenera kugula chosindikizira chapadera mu mankhwala omwe amapangidwira kuchuluka kwa miyeso ndipo amakhala ndi ziwerengero zofananira pamayesedwe.

Lamulo lofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho ndi magazi okwanira kuti mudziwe. Wowunikira amafunikira zinthu zochulukirapo kuposa glucometer wamba, chifukwa chake, chala chakakhomedwa, magazi amasonkhanitsidwa mosakanikira kwapadera. Pipette yolumikizidwa ndi botolo lomwe reagent imakhalamo. Pambuyo poyambitsa, dontho la magazi limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa Mzere pa bulask.

Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsedwa pazenera pambuyo pa mphindi 5. Simuyenera kuyamba kuzindikira kuti muli ndi chipangizo chotere. Ndiwotsika mtengo ndipo mwina singafunike zoposa kamodzi (malinga ndi kusowa kwa matenda ashuga).

A1C tata - wopikulitsa mtengo, koma wopindulitsa

Zomwe zimakhudza shuga

Kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa zomwe zili zabwinobwino sizitanthauza kuti ndikofunika kulimbana ndi matenda nthawi yomweyo (makamaka ndi mankhwala azitsamba, monga odwala monga). Hyperglycemia imatha kuchitika osati motsutsana ndi maziko a shuga, komanso mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zingapo:

• kusintha kwanyengo
• ulendo, ulendo
• kukhalapo kwa matenda opatsirana,
• maziko osautsa mtima
• kuvutitsidwa kwa mankhwala a tiyi kapena khofi
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ma steroids kapena njira zakulera zapakamwa,
• kusowa kupuma.

Dokotala yemwe angathandize kuthana ndi kuchiritsa matendawa ayenera kuthandizidwa ngati zotsatira zake zikubwerezedwa masiku angapo osagwirizana ndi zina. Kuyankha kwa mayeso ndi zovuta za A1C pamwambapa 6% kumafuna endocrinologist, ndipo pamwamba pa 8% pempho lofunikira mwachangu chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuzindikira kwa nthawi yofunikira ndi chinsinsi cha zotsatira zabwino za matendawa.

Dokotala wa sayansi ya zamankhwala, katswiri wa endocrinologist, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yochizira ndi njira zochizira matenda a Federal State Budgetary Institution "Endocrinological Research Center" ya Unduna wa Zaumoyo ndi Ntchito Zachitukuko ku Russia Federation, amalankhula za zomwe zachitika posachedwa ndi matenda a shuga.

AiF: - Kodi ndiye matenda obadwa nawo?

Gagik Galstyan: - Inde, iyi ndi matenda obadwa nawo, koma amakonzedweratu, ndiye kuti, munthu ali ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga nthawi yonse ya moyo wake.

AiF: - Mudziwa bwanji? Mukakhala ndi nkhawa komanso kuyang'ana shuga?

G.G. - - Chowonadi ndi chakuti matenda omwe amatchedwa "chete", ndiye kuti, amayamba kukula popanda zizindikiro zachiwawa. Pali mitundu yomwe imatchedwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, yomwe inkatchedwa kale, monga lamulo, imawoneka mwa anthu achikulire. Matendawa amakula popanda chizindikiro. Chifukwa chake, kulimbikitsa kwa lero ndi kwakanthawi. Aliyense wazaka zopitilira 45 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa kuposa anthu amsana. Chifukwa chake, anthu awa amayenera kuyang'anira shuga m'magazi kamodzi pachaka. Ngati munthu ali ndi vuto lotengera kubadwa kwa makolo (mayi, mayi, agogo, achibale ake), amakhala ndi chiopsezo chocheperako kuposa munthu amene alibe tsogolo. Kwa anthu awa, malingaliro owunikira shuga ali oyenera kwambiri. Kamodzi pachaka, ndikofunikira kuyendetsa shuga m'magazi kuti muchepetse nthawi yomwe matendawa alipo kale, koma simukudziwa.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pali zizindikiro za matendawa. Izi, zakumwa zochulukirapo, zimakhala pafupipafupi, ndiye kuti, munthu akamakonda kudzuka usiku mchimbudzi. Uku ndi kukodza mopitirira muyeso, kapena kupindika kwambiri, kumatha kukhala kosangalatsa ngati kuyabwa m'malo ena a thupi, chifukwa chake anthu nthawi zambiri amatembenukira kwa akatswiri azachipatala, osawona komwe kumafunikira. M'malo mwake, izi ndipo, koposa zonse, ndikofunikira kupatula shuga.

AiF: - Kodi munganenenji za zomwe zimachitika mwana akadwala matenda ashuga?

G.G. - - Matenda a mwana achulukanso, koma osati pamlingo womwewo. Ana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda osokoneza bongo, pomwe kuyambira pachiyambi munthu amafunikira insulin. Apa, zizindikiro zakukula kwa matendawa ndi kwamkuntho. Chilichonse chomwe ndidafotokoza chimachitika m'masiku ochepa. Ngati ndi masabata, miyezi, ndiye kuti zonsezi zimachitika mwachangu apa. Monga lamulo, kukula kwa ketoacidosis kumalumikizana, pamene munthu, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin, amasonkhanitsa matupi omwe amatchedwa ketone, izi zimayambitsa kale vuto lina, chifukwa zimatha kudzetsa chitukuko. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri ngati mwana adandaula motere: kukodza pafupipafupi, ludzu, kumwa madzi mosalekeza, kuchepa thupi, komanso kwakukulu, muyenera kulabadira izi mwachangu. Ndikofunikira kuyeza shuga, shuga mumkodzo ndikuthana ndi malo oyenera kuti chithandizo choyenera chikulembedwera kuti musatulutse matenda a ketoacidotic kapena matenda a shuga.

AiF: - prediabetes ndi chiyani?

G.G. - - Funso labwino kwambiri. Zowonadi, pali tanthauzo lodziwika. Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lomwe ma metabolism a carbohydrate amakhala operewera, koma osafikira momwe shuga amachedwa. Pali njira zina zodziwira matenda a shuga, zomwe zimatchedwa kulolera shuga kwa glucose, koma.

AiF: - Ndipo ndizowonetsa chiyani za matenda ashuga?

G.G. - - Mukapitirira 7 mmol / L, izi zikuwoneka kale. Zaka zaposachedwa, palinso gawo lotchedwa glycated hemoglobin. Iyi ndi hemoglobin, yomwe imalumikizana ndi glucose m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yomwe imamangiriza glucose. Chifukwa chake, hemoglobin ya glycated imatha kudziwa shuga wam magazi m'miyezi itatu yapitayo. Ubwino wa tanthauzo ili ndikuti mutha kuchita kusanthula uku osati pamimba yopanda kanthu (kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu). Mutha kubwera nthawi iliyonse ndikuwona chizindikiro. pafupifupi 70% pazaka zisanu zowonera.

Chifukwa chake muyenera kuthana nokha ndi matenda anu, chifukwa pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwambiri komwe mutha kupangira zomwe zikuwonekeratu. Kapena, osachepera, mutha kuchepetsa kuyambira kwa chitukuko chake, chomwe, mu lingaliro langa, ndilofunikanso kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga angayambike popanda kutchulidwa zizindikilo zina ndi kupezeka, mwachitsanzo, mukamayendera dokotala wamaso yemwe adzazindikire za matendawa pofufuza funde la wodwala. Kapena ku dipatimenti yamtima - pomwe wodwala amagonekedwa kuchipatala pambuyo pa vuto la mtima.

Komabe, pali mndandanda wonse wazizindikiro zomwe zimathandiza kudziwa ndikumvetsetsa ngati pali matenda ashuga. Komanso, mtundu wake mwa zizindikiro zotere ungathe kutsimikiziridwa kunyumba molondola.

Kukula kwa matenda ashuga kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin, zaka za matendawa, mkhalidwe wa chitetezo cha wodwalayo komanso kupezeka kwa matenda oyanjana.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

T1DM ndi nthenda ya autoimmune momwe maselo oyera ammagazi (T-lymphocyte) amaonedwa ngati achilendo kwa maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin mu kapamba ndikuwawononga. Pakadali pano, thupi limafunikira insulini mwachangu kuti maselo azitha kuyamwa glucose. Ngati mulibe insulin yokwanira, ndiye ma mamolekyulu a glucose sangathe kulowa mkati mwa cell ndipo, chifukwa chake, amadzaza m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakhala othandiza kwambiri: thupi limazindikira kuchepa kwa insulin kokha ngati 75-80% ya maselo a beta omwe ali ndi vuto la kupanga insulin atawonongeka kale. Pambuyo pokhapokha izi zitachitika, ndiye kuti zizindikiro zoyambirira zimapezeka: kumazunza ludzu pafupipafupi, kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kutopa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimathandiza kuyankha funso la momwe mungadziwire matenda amtundu wa 1 kusinthasintha kwakukali kwamlingo wamagazi m'magazi: kuchokera kutsika kupita kumtunda komanso mosiyanasiyana.

Zovuta pakuzindikira matenda ashuga koyambira ndizomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zamtsogolo zamatendawa. Chifukwa chake, munthu aliyense amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lake ndipo, pakukayikira koyamba, afunsane ndi katswiri!

Pofuna kudziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi am'magazi, mayeso angapo a labotale amachitidwa:

1. Urinalysis kwa shuga ndi matupi a ketone,
2. Kuyesa kwa gluluose
3. Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin, insulin ndi C-peptide m'magazi,
4. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa shuga.

Mwazi wamagazi

Chiyeso chopanda kanthu m'mimba sikokwanira kuti mupange kuzindikira koyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa zamtundu wa glucose maola 2 mutatha kudya.

Matenda a shuga - matenda omwe amabweretsa shuga wambiri m'magazi. Glucose amalowa m'maselo a thupi ndi mahomoni otchedwa insulin. Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga: Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, thupi satulutsa insulini, ndipo mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, azimayi ena amakhala ndi matenda ashuga akakhala ndi pakati. Akasiyidwa, matenda a shuga angayambitse mavuto akulu azaumoyo, monga matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko. Kudziwa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa matendawa ndikuwathandiza.

Kuzindikira Zizindikiro Za Matenda A shuga

Onaninso kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga. Ngakhale madotolo sanganene zenizeni chifukwa chomwe anthu ena amadwala matenda ashuga, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Kudziwa kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda a shuga kungakuthandizeni kuzindikira zizindikiro munthawi yake, kuzindikira, ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtundu 1 komanso matenda ashuga a 2, komanso matenda ashuga:

• Mbiri yabanja (matenda ashuga m'banjamo)
• Zisonkhezero zachilengedwe, monga kukhudzana ndi kachilomboka
• Kupezeka kwa autoantibodies mthupi, nthawi zambiri mwa ana pambuyo kachilombo
• Zakudya monga kuperewera kwa Vitamini D, kumwa mkaka wa ng'ombe kapena zakudya zamphesa musanakwanitse miyezi inayi
• Malo okhalamo: m'maiko ena (mwachitsanzo, Finland ndi Sweden) matenda amtundu wa 1 amakhala ofala kuposa ena
• Kulemera kwa thupi: mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri, pomwe amakhala ndi insulin
• Moyo wa Sedentary - Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kuwongolera kulemera kwa thupi komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin.
• Mtundu: mwachitsanzo, Latinos ndi aku America America amakonda kwambiri matenda ashuga
• Age: Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga kumawonjezeka ndi zaka
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Mafuta achilendo a cholesterol ndi milingo ya triglyceride
• Metabolic syndrome
• Matenda a shuga okhudzana ndi kubereka komanso kubadwa kwa mwana wolemera kuposa kilogalamu zinayi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga a 2

Dziwani zomwe sizimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Ndi matenda a shuga, shuga m'magazi amakwera, motero anthu ena amaganiza kuti shuga imatha kudzetsa matendawa. M'malo mwake, shuga samayambitsa matenda ashuga, koma ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi, kutsutsana ndi shuga kumatha kukulira, kotero muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga woyengedwa womwe umadulidwa.

Dziwani zomwe zingachitike. Zizindikiro zambiri za matenda ashuga zitha kuwoneka zowopsa komanso sizikugwirizana ndi matendawa. Chifukwa chake, kuti muwone zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa momwe thupi lanu limagwirira ntchito. Kuzindikira zomwe zingachitike ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga kumathandizira kuti muzindikire komanso kulandira chithandizo nthawi yake. Ndi matenda ashuga, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonedwa:

• Kuchulukitsa ludzu
• Kuchulukitsa njala, makamaka mutatha kudya
• Pakamwa pakamwa
• Kukodza kwachangu (nthawi zina pafupipafupi usiku)
• Kuchepetsa thupi osafotokoza
• Kufooka ndi kumva wotopa
• Masomphenya opanda pake
• Kuchuluka kwa mankhusu kapena miyendo
• Kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono mabala ndi mabala
• Kusenda ndi kuyanika kwa khungu, nthawi zambiri kumadera ndi kumaliseche
• Matenda pafupipafupi ndimatenda oyamba ndi fungus
• Matenda a pakhungu pafupipafupi komanso mafinya

Onani zomwe zingachitike. Ngati mukuwona zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda ashuga ndikuganiza kuti muli ndi matendawa, yang'anani thupi lanu mosamala. Dziwani zizindikilozo ndikujambulira momwe zimawonekera. Zolemba izi zimakhala zothandiza ngati muwona dokotala.

Funsani wokondedwa ngati mwazindikira zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Zitha kuchitika kuti mnzanu kapena mnzanu atazindikira zizindikiritso zomwe mwanyalanyaza. Lankhulani ndi wokondedwa wanu ngati adatengera zomwezo ngati inu. Funsani ngati waona zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga.

• Fotokozerani za matenda ashuga kwa akazi anu kuti athe kudziwa ngati muli nawo.

Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo

Onani dokotala. Ngati mukuwona zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda a shuga, nthawi yomweyo dziperekeni kwa dokotala. Kuzindikiritsa munthawi yake komanso chithandizo chake kudzakuthandizani kupewa zovuta zazikulu komanso zowopsa m'moyo.

Ndizovuta kudziwa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga, chifukwa zizindikiro zake koyambirira sizimawoneka. Zitha kuchitika limodzi kapena kusokoneza munthu nthawi zina. Ngati pali zizindikiro zina zomwe zikuwonetsa, ngati sichoncho matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti kupezeka kwa mavuto ena azaumoyo, kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga kuyenera kuchitika mtsogolo.

Pali matenda amtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri. Pomwepo, zizindikiro za mitundu yonseyi ndizofanana, koma ndizosiyana. Matenda a shuga 1 amapezeka mosavuta kwa achinyamata osakwana zaka 30, makamaka ana ndi achinyamata. Ndipo matenda amtundu wachiwiri amawonetsedwa kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 45 ndi kupitirira apo komanso onenepa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zakuyambirira kwa matendawa

Kuti muthane ndi matenda a shuga komanso kupewa zovuta zake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuyambira kwa nthawi yake. Mwanjira ina, muzindikire matenda ashuga. Symbomatology ya matenda a shuga 1 imadziwoneka mosayembekezereka, ndipo zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kuonedwa mosachedwa:

• kukodza pafupipafupi ndi mkodzo wambiri wotulutsidwa nthawi,
• ludzu losaletseka komanso pakamwa lowuma mosalekeza
• kusinthasintha kopanda maziko m'thupi
• mapangidwe a mabala am'mimba ndi zolakwika zina zotchulidwa pakhungu,
• kuyamwa

Nchiyani chomwe chiyenera kumvetsedwa pamutu wazizindikiro zowonjezera?

ZOFUNIKIRA: Zizindikiro zowonjezera za matenda a shuga kwa ana zimaphatikizapo kutopa kosalekeza ndi kugona. Mwana amadya mosangalatsa, koma osalemera.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, gawo loyambalo likhoza kukhala lolimba. Ndizachilendo kuti kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga kuyeneranso kuthana nawo mwachangu. Munthu amatha kuwona mavuto azachipatala kale kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, pamatha kuwonongeka kwambiri m'masomphenya, kukulira kwa ma catalo, zizindikiro za matenda a mtima, kulephera kwaimpso, ndi matenda ena akuluakulu omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa shuga

Kuti mudziwe matendawa koyambirira, kuyezetsa kotsimikizika kumachitika, komwe amagwiritsa ntchito glucometer kapena zingwe zoyeserera. Kuyeza kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kwa matenda amtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, njira zoyesera magazi ndizosiyana pang'ono.

Chifukwa chake, kudziwa mtundu 1 wa shuga, magazi amaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya. Kuchulukitsa kwa shuga kwa magazi sikuyenera kupitilira 4.0-5.5 mol / L, ndipo mutatha kudya muyenera kufikira 11.2 mmol / L. Kuyesedwa kwina kwa magazi kumatchedwa kuyesa kwa glucose kulolerana. Munthu yemwe ali pamimba yopanda kanthu amapatsidwa kumwa mkaka wa glucose, ndipo pambuyo pa ola limodzi, shugayo imayeza. Kuyamwa kwa magazi kumabwerezedwanso ola limodzi, kenako index ya shuga sayenera kupitirira 7.2 mmol / L.

Atafunsidwa kuti adziwe mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, adotolo amayesanso kukayezetsa magazi. Kuchuluka kwa glucose pazowunikirako sikuyenera kupitirira 6.1 mmol / L. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitidwanso, zomwe zotsatira zake zimatha kufika 11.1 mmol / L.

Njira zina zodziwira matenda pofuna kudziwa matendawa

Kuphatikiza pa kuyesedwa kwa magazi a glucose ochulukitsa, kuyesa kwina kumachitidwanso:

1. Kusintha kwamkodzo tsiku ndi tsiku kuti mupeze kupezeka kwa shuga mkati mwake. Mwa munthu wathanzi, shuga sayenera kukhala mkodzo.
2. Urinalysis kuti mupeze acetone mmenemo. Kukhalapo kwa acetone mu mkodzo kungawonetse gawo lakukula kwa matendawo.
3. C-peptide assay ndi yoyenera kudziwa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga. Zimachitika pazochitika zotsutsana za kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi pomwe chizindikirocho chimasinthasintha pazowonjezera zazomwe zikuchitika ndipo zimapitilira pang'ono.

ZOFUNIKIRA: Kusanthula kutsimikiza kwa C-peptide ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe adapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1. Chimakupatsani mwayi wowerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa insulin imodzi.

Kuyeserera koyeserera kwa glucose

Kudalirika kwa kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumadalira wodwala kuti azitsatira zonse zofunikira pakukonzekera kwake. Chifukwa chake, kukonzekera kusanthula kuli motere:

• Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta m'masiku atatu. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wamagulu azakudya sayenera kupitirira 125 g.
• Bwerani mudzayang'ane ndi mimba yopanda kanthu. Chakudya chomaliza chichitike pasanathe maola 14 isanakwane.
• Thupi liyenera kupumulidwanso musanawunikidwe. Chifukwa chake, zolimbitsa thupi ndizovomerezeka maola 12 asanaunike.
• Osasuta musanakonze. Nthawi yayitali pakati pa ndudu yosuta ndikudutsa mayeso iyenera kukhala maola osachepera awiri.

Mukamamwa mankhwala okhala ndi mahomoni, muyenera kuwasiya kwakanthawi. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika motani, adokotala amawerengera payekhapayekha.

Njira yosiyanitsira matenda

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakuthandizani kuti musankhe osati chitukuko cha matenda a shuga, komanso matenda omwe amatha kukhala omwe amatsogolera. Njira zodziwira matenda a shuga zimafotokozedwa makamaka munjira ya matendawa. Zimatha kukhala angiopathic kapena neuropathic, komanso mawonekedwe awo osakanikirana. Maphunziro oterewa m'mankhwala amakono amatchedwa diagnostical diagnostical.

Pozindikira matenda a shuga, osati kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a wodwalayo kumatsimikiziridwa, koma mulingo wa insulin. Ndi shuga wabwinobwino komanso insulin yokwera, matenda a shuga amapezeka, komanso ndi shuga wochepa komanso insulin yokwera, titha kulankhula za hyperinsulinemia. Pozindikira hyperinsulinemia, muyenera kuchita zinthu zina zapadera kuti muchepetse kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Pogwiritsa ntchito matenda osiyanasiyana, mutha kusiyanitsa matenda ashuga ndi matenda ashuga, kupatula kupezeka kwa anamentary ndi aimpso glucosuria, komanso kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga a impso.