Chiyembekezo chamoyo wa matenda ashuga a 2

M'zaka za zana la 17, chidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe adawonjezereka pazizindikirozi - madokotala adayamba kuwona kukoma kwa magazi ndi mkodzo wa odwala. Munali m'zaka za zana la 19 zokha pomwe kudalira kwachindunji kwa matendawa pancreas kunawululidwa, komanso anthu adaphunzira za mahomoni otere amapangidwa ndi thupi monga insulin.

Ngati m'masiku akale kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga kumatanthawuza kufa kosatha mu miyezi ingapo kapena zaka kwa wodwalayo, tsopano mutha kukhala ndi matenda kwa nthawi yayitali, khalani ndi moyo wokangalika ndikukusangalala ndi mtundu wake.

Matenda a shuga isanayambike insulin

Choyambitsa kufa kwa wodwala nthenda yotere sichikhala ndi matenda ashuga okha, koma zovuta zake zonse, zomwe zimayambitsidwa chifukwa chakugwira bwino ntchito kwa ziwalo za thupi. Insulin imakulolani kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa glucose, chifukwa chake, salola kuti ziwiya zamtunduwu zikhale zosalimba kwambiri ndipo zovuta zimayamba. Kuperewera kwake, komanso kuthekera kwa kuyambitsa thupi kuchokera kunja nthawi ya insulin isanachitike, zinabweretsa zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni posachedwapa.

Matenda a Zomwe Zikuchitika Pano: Zowona ndi Zithunzi

Ngati tiyerekeza ziwerengero zaka 20 zapitazi, manambalawa siwotonthoza:

• mu 1994, padziko lapansi panali anthu odwala matenda ashuga pafupifupi 110 miliyoni.
• pofika 2000, chiwerengerochi chinali pafupi ndi anthu miliyoni 170,
• lero (kumapeto kwa 2014) - anthu 390 miliyoni.

Chifukwa chake, zonenedweratu zikusonyeza kuti podzafika chaka cha 2025 ziwerengero zamilandu padziko lapansi zidzaposa kuchuluka kwa zigawo 450 miliyoni.

Zachidziwikire, ziwerengero zonsezi ndizowopsa. Komabe, zamakono zimabweretsanso zabwino. Mankhwala aposachedwa komanso odziwika kale, zatsopano zomwe zimachitika pophunzira za matendawa komanso malingaliro a madokotala amalola odwala kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, komanso, chofunikira, kukulitsa nthawi yawo yamoyo. Masiku ano, anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 70 pansi pa zinthu zina, i.e. pafupifupi wathanzi.

Ndipo komabe, sikuti zonse ndizowopsa.

• Walter Barnes (wochita zisudzo waku America, wosewera mpira) - anamwalira ali ndi zaka 80,
• Yuri Nikulin (wochita nawo ku Russia, adachita nkhondo ziwiri) - adamwalira ali ndi zaka 76,
• Ella Fitzgerald (woyimba waku America) - adachoka padziko lapansi ali ndi zaka 79,
• Elizabeth Taylor (wochita sewero waku America-Wachingerezi) - anamwalira ali ndi zaka 79.

Cataract monga chowonjezera shuga. Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo. Werengani zambiri apa.

Type 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2 - omwe amakhala nawo nthawi yayitali?

Aliyense amene akudziwa bwino matendawa amadziwa kuti ndi zamitundu iwiri, zomwe zimachitika mosiyanasiyana. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa thupi, chikhalidwe cha matendawa, kupezeka kwa chisamaliro choyenera ndikuwunika thanzi, mwayi wamunthu pa nthawi yonse ya moyo wake amadalira. Komabe, chifukwa cha ziwerengero zomwe madokotala adasunga, ndizotheka kuphatikiza milandu yambiri ndikumvetsetsa (pafupifupi pafupifupi) momwe munthu angakhalire ndi moyo.

1. Chifukwa chake, shuga yodalira matenda a shuga (mtundu I) imakula muubwana kapena mwana, osapitirira zaka 30. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka odwala 10% onse odwala matenda ashuga. Matenda ofanana nawo ndimavuto amtima komanso kwamikodzo, aimpso. Mwa izi, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu la odwala amafa osapulumuka zaka 30 zotsatira. Kuphatikizanso apo, mavuto ambiri amakula m'moyo wa wodwalayo, ndiye kuti sangakhale ndi ukalamba.

Kodi matenda ashuga amapha?

Odwala ambiri omwe amva izi atha kudziwa momwe angakhalire ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Matendawa ndi osachiritsika, komabe, mutha kukhala nawo nthawi yayitali. Komabe, pakadali pano, ofufuza ambiri akukhulupirira kuti kudalirika kwa moyo ndi matenda ashuga sikwabwino, ndipo kumakhalabe koopsa.

Pakadali pano, chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi matenda obisika. Ndizowopsa kwa iwo, chifukwa zotupa ndizachulukirapo kuposa mwa anthu - osati odwala matenda ashuga, koma thupi limafooka. Chifukwa chake, ndimomwe mtima wamtima umakhudzira anthu angati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Komabe, odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 pano akhoza kukhala ndi zaka zambiri kuposa zaka 50 zapitazo. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka zam'ma 19, insulini sinali yofikirika monga momwe ilili lero, chifukwa kufa kwa anthu kunali kokulirapo (pakadali pano chiwerengerochi chatsika kwambiri). Kuyambira 1965 mpaka 1985, anthu omwe ali m'gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga adatsika kuchokera pa 35% mpaka 11%. Chiwopsezo cha kufa chatsikanso kwambiri chifukwa chopanga ma glucometer amakono, olondola komanso am'manja omwe amakupatsani mwayi wowongolera shuga, zomwe zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Amabala

Amatha kukhala ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, koma ndi kuwongolera kosatha momwe aliri. Chiyembekezo chamoyo wa mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndi chokwanira mokulira mwa akulu. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amwalira ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba amakhala okwera kwambiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi vutoli, chifukwa kuwunika momwe alili kungakhale kovuta (amafa maulendo 4-9 nthawi zambiri kuposa anthu atatha zaka 35). Muubwana ndi mwana, zovuta zimakula mwachangu, koma sizotheka nthawi zonse kuzindikira matendawa munthawi ndikuyamba chithandizo. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ocheperako poyerekeza ndi matenda amitundu iwiri.

Imfa pakati pa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba ndi 2.6 kuchulukitsa kuposa momwe anthu omwe sazindikira. Kwa iwo omwe akudwala matenda amtundu 2, chizindikiro ichi ndi 1.6.

Chiyembekezo chamoyo wa matenda ashuga a 2 chawonjezereka posachedwa, chifukwa chakuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala a m'badwo wachitatu. Tsopano, atazindikira, odwala amakhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 15. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chapakati, tiyenera kudziwa kuti odwala ambiri amayamba kuzindikira kuti ali ndi zaka 60 zakubadwa.

Lemberani mosazindikira kuchuluka komwe amakhala ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, ndipo ziwerengero zoterezi zidzathandiza. Masekondi 10 aliwonse padziko lapansi, munthu m'modzi amafa atazindikira matendawa. Nthawi yomweyo, odwala matenda ashuga ena awiri amawoneka nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa kuchuluka kwamilandu pakalipano kukukula mwachangu.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga 1 wa ana kuyambira zaka 0 mpaka 4, chomwe chimayambitsa kufa ndi ketoacidotic coma kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chodzikundikira matupi a ketone m'magazi. Ndi ukalamba, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga umachulukana kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kukula kwa moyo

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, pali zinthu zambiri zamomwe mungakhalire ndi matenda ashuga. Kusunga mwachindunji kwa malamulo osavuta kumadalira kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe amakhala naye. Ndi matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana, ntchito yayikulu yakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose ndikukhalabe ndi chakudya ndi makolo. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimapanga chisankho posankha mtundu komanso moyo wabwino. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazaka zoyambirira za moyo wokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 ana, chifukwa ndi mu m'badwo uno omwe amafa kwambiri.

Udindo wofunikira umachitika ndi nthawi yofufuza matenda. Kuchulukitsa kwa zovuta kumatengera izi, komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe munthu akhala. Ngati matenda a shuga sanapezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, pali zovuta zina zazikulu, motero ndikofunika kuti musanyalanyaze.

Mtundu wapa shuga wokhala ndi zaka zitatu

Ofufuzawo akuti shuga mtundu 2 shuga amachepetsa zaka zokhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi 10. Nkhani yomweyi imati mtundu 1 shuga imachepetsa nthawi yocheza ndi zaka zosachepera 20.

Mu 2012, kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku Canada adapeza kuti amayi azaka zapakati pa 55 ndi kupitilira apo omwe amadwala matenda a shuga adataya moyo wazaka 6, ndipo amuna adataya zaka 5.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wa 2015 adazindikira kuti chiopsezo cha kufa komwe chikugwirizana ndi matenda a shuga 2 sichitha kuchepetsedwa ndi:

Ngakhale kufunikira kwake kukufotokozedwa, tebulo lokhalira ndi moyo limakhalapo kuti liwunikire zotsatira ndi momwe njira zina zimathandizira, monga kusintha kwa moyo ndi mankhwala.

Kupita patsogolo kumene pakuwunika matenda ashuga komanso chithandizo cha matendawo kungatanthauze kuti chiyembekezo cha moyo chikuchulukirachulukira.

Zowopsa Zomwe Zimakhudza Kutalika Kwa Moyo

Mavuto amakhudzana ndi matenda ashuga kwa anthu amatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zingapo zaumoyo komanso machiritso. Chilichonse chomwe chimakhudza mwayi wokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kapena kukulitsa vutoli chimakulanso chiopsezo cha kufa chifukwa cha matendawa.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti zovuta za shuga wamagazi kapena mphamvu ya chiwindi kuwongolera zimatha kukhudzanso moyo.

Zomwe zimachitika pangozi zomwe zingachepetse kukhala ndi moyo kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi izi:

• matenda a chiwindi
• matenda a impso
• matenda a mtima ndi mbiri yakupha

Munthu akakhala ndi matenda ashuga ambiri, kumakhala kotheka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa moyo.

Pomwe kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa moyo kumawonedwa mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2, achinyamata omwe ali ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kufa.

Ndi chiyani chimafupikitsa masiku oti anthu azikhala ndi matenda ashuga?

Mwazi wakwezeka wamagazi umachulukitsa katunduyo mthupi ndipo ungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha yaying'ono ya magazi, kuchepetsa magazi. Izi zikutanthauza:

• Mtima ugwira ntchito molimbika kuti uzipereka magazi kwa ziwalo zathupi, makamaka kutalikirane, mwachitsanzo, kumiyendo ndi mikono.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa ntchito kuphatikizira kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yama mtima kumapangitsa chiwalo kufooka ndikufa.
• Kuperewera kwa magazi m'ziwalo ndi minofu kumawachotsera chakudya cha okosijeni komanso zakudya, zomwe zingayambitse minofu necrosis kapena kufa.

Akatswiri a mtima awerengetsa kuti akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi ziwiri kapena zinayi amatha kukhala ndi matenda amtima wowopsa kuposa anthu omwe alibe matendawa. Ndipo pafupifupi 68 peresenti ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga azaka 65 ndi kupitirira amafa ndi matenda amtima, komanso 16 peresenti kuchokera ku stroke.

Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa imfa ya 7 ku Russia mchaka cha 2014. Malinga ndi a Russian Diabetes Association, chiopsezo cha kufa ndichokwera 50 peresenti kwa achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuposa anthu opanda matendawa.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda A shuga

Nthawi zonse anthu akhala akukhulupirira kuti chibadwidwe chimagwira ntchito yayikulu pakupanga matenda a shuga a 2. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti chiopsezo chotenga matendawa chimawonjezeka nthawi 5-6 pamaso pa anthu odwala matenda ashuga makolo kapena abale ake apafupi. Koma ngakhale kafukufuku wamakono a majini sakanatha kudziwa mtundu wazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga. Izi zimatsogolera madotolo ambiri ku lingaliro lakuti kukula kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 kumadalira kwambiri pazinthu zakunja. Ndipo milandu yakuchepa pakati pa abale apamtima imalongosoleredwa ndi zolakwika zofanana ndi zopatsa thanzi.

Chifukwa chake, choopsa chachikulu (chosinthika ndikukonzedwa) chikuwoneka kuti ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa thupi komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Momwe mungadziwire zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga?

Type 2 matenda a shuga amayamba, monga lamulo, pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zina kuzindikiritsa kumachitika patangopita zaka zochepa pambuyo poyambirira kwa matenda oyamba. Munthawi imeneyi, kusintha kwakukuru kumachitika m'thupi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kulumala kwa wodwalayo ndipo mpaka zimawopseza moyo wake.

Chizindikiro choyambirira cha matendawa nthawi zambiri ndi polyuria (kukodza pokodza ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mkodzo wolekanitsidwa). Wodwalayo amakhala ndi mkodzo pafupipafupi komanso modabwitsa, usana ndi usiku. Polyuria amafotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo, komwe madzi ambiri amathiridwa. Chifukwa chake, thupi limayesetsa kuthana ndi shuga owonjezera. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa madzi kumatsogolera pakutha kwa madzi m'thupi (komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi ludzu) ndikuphwanya kwotsatira kwa madzi amchere amchere. Kuphwanya magazi kagayidwe kachakudya kumakhudza ntchito ya ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe, ndipo makamaka ntchito zamtima. Ndi zopanda ntchito mu ntchito ya mtima zomwe zimakhala chifukwa chopita kwa dokotala, apa matenda a shuga amakhala opezeka mwangozi.

Kuthetsa madzi kumawonekeranso ndi khungu lowuma komanso ma mucous membrane, zomwe zimatsogolera kuchepa kwa kuthekera kwawo ndikukula kwa njira zopatsirana. Njira za kubwezeretsanso minofu ndikuchiritsa mabala kumachepetsedwa, odwala ambiri amawona kutopa kosalekeza, kuwonda msanga. Nthawi zina, kuchepa thupi kumalimbikitsa odwala kudya kwambiri, zomwe zimangokulitsa nthawi ya matendawa.

Zizindikiro zonse zomwe zalembedweratu zimatha kuwongoleredwa ndikusowa kwathunthu pambuyo pake. Komabe, patadutsa nthawi yayitali matendawa, zovuta zingapo zimabuka - zovuta zanthawi zonse zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchiza. Mu shuga yopanda malipiro, mitsempha yamagazi, impso, maso, ndi minyewa yamitsempha imakhudzidwa kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kwa mtima (angiopathy), choyambirira, kumadziwonekera mu ziwalo za thupi komwe magazi amachepetsedwa mwakuthupi - m'malo otsika. Angiopathy imayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'mitsempha ya miyendo, yomwe, kuphatikizapo kuphatikiza kosakwanira kwa glucose ndi minofu, kumabweretsa kuwoneka kwa zilonda zam'mimba zazitali, komanso m'malo ovuta kwambiri a necrosis of tis (gangrene). Zotsatira za angiopathy zam'munsi zam'munsi ndichimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zodwala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Kuwonongeka kwa impso (nephropathy) ndizotsatira zowonongeka m'matumbo a impso. Nephropathy imawonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo, mawonekedwe a edema, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Popita nthawi, kulephera kwa impso kumayamba, zomwe zimayambitsa kupha pafupifupi 20% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Mavuto am'maso a shuga amadziwika kuti retinopathy. Chinsinsi cha retinopathy ndikuti ziwiya zazing'ono zimawonongeka mu retina, kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi kumayambitsa kuzungulira kwa retinal ndi kufa kwa ndodo ndi ma cones - maselo a retinal omwe ali ndi vuto la kuzindikira. Kuwonetsedwa kwakukulu kwa retinopathy ndikuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuona kwa chidwi, pang'onopang'ono kumabweretsa kukula kwa khungu (pafupifupi 2% ya odwala).

Kugonjetsedwa kwa minyewa ya mitsempha kumachitika molingana ndi mtundu wa polyneuropathy (zotupa zingapo za zotumphukira zamitsempha), zomwe zimayamba pafupifupi theka la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. Monga lamulo, polyneuropathy imawonetsedwa ndi kusamva bwino khungu komanso kufooka miyendo.

Kuzindikira kopulumutsa moyo

Pakadali pano, mtengo wofufuza matenda nthawi zambiri umaposa mtengo wa chithandizo chotsatira. Mtengo wazinthu zazikulu, mwatsoka, sizikutsimikizira kulondola kotheratu kwa njira yodziwitsira matenda ndi mapindu enieni a zotsatira za chithandizo china. Komabe, vutoli silikhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga. Tsopano pafupifupi muofesi iliyonse ya akatswiri a zamankhwala kapena dokotala wabanja pali glucometer - zida zomwe zingakuthandizeni kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mumphindi. Ndipo ngakhale kuti vuto la hyperglycemia sililola kuti adotolo azidziwitsa, limapereka chifukwa chofufuzira. Mayeso amtsogolo (kuthamanga kwa glucose wamagazi, shuga wa mkodzo ndi mayeso ololera wa glucose) si njira zamtengo wapatali zofufuzira. Iwo, monga lamulo, ndi okwanira kupatula kapena kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Muyenera kufunsa dokotala ngati muli:

1. Polyuria ndi ludzu
2. Kuchulukitsa chilakolako chochepetsa thupi
3. Kunenepa kwambiri
4. Khungu lowuma ndi mucous nembanemba kwa nthawi yayitali
5. Zizolowezi zotupa zam'madzi pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba (furunculosis, matenda am'mimba, cystitis, vaginitis, etc.)
6. Kusanza ndi mseru kapena kusanza
7. Vuto la chifunga
8. Pali achibale omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Koma ngakhale pakalibe zizindikiro, ndikofunikira kupimidwa mayeso azachipatala, chifukwa pafupifupi 50% ya milandu yodwala matenda a shuga 2 imachitika mu mawonekedwe asymptomatic kwa nthawi yayitali.

Chilichonse chili m'manja mwanu

Potsimikizira matenda a mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, ambiri amawusa moyo: "Tithokoze Mulungu kuti sioyambayo ...". Koma, kwenikweni, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matenda awa. M'malo mwake, pali kusiyana kumodzi - majakisoni a insulin, omwe amayamba chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1. Komabe, popita nthawi yayitali komanso zovuta mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri, wodwalayo posakhalitsa amasinthanso kulandira mankhwala a insulin.

Kupanda kutero, mitundu iwiri ya shuga ndiyofanana modabwitsa. Munthawi zonsezi, wodwalayo amafunika kukhala wokhwima, wotsogola bwino wamagulu azakudya komanso njira zonse za tsiku ndi tsiku, kumwa mankhwala mosakayikira kwa nthawi yonse. Mpaka pano, madokotala ali ndi zida zazikulu zochepetsa shuga zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga ikhale yayitali pamlingo wokhazikika, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri zovuta zowonjezera, zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo akhale ndi moyo wabwino komanso akhale wabwino.

Chofunikira pakuchiritsa moyenera komanso kwautali, moyo wathunthu ndikugwirizana kwa wodwalayo ndi dokotala yemwe akupita, yemwe amayang'anira mkhalidwe waumoyo ndikuwongolera chithandizo chamoyo wonse wodwala.

Mbiri yazachipatala

Ngati simumaganizira za chibadwa chomwe chimawonetsera nthawi yakukalamba kwa anthu, komanso kuvulala ndi matenda, zochitika zina zowopsa zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti pamenepa palibe yankho lenileni.

Tizikumbukira momwe anthu odwala matenda ashuga adapulumuka zaka zana zapitazo, pomwe matendawa adawoneka kuti akupha. Mitundu ingapo ya insulin idapangidwa mu 1921, koma idapezeka kwa 30 ogula okha. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, odwala adamwalira ali ana.

Mankhwala oyamba amapangidwa pamaziko a insulin mu nkhumba kapena ng'ombe. Adapereka zovuta zambiri, odwala adawalekerera. Insulin yaumunthu imangowoneka mu 90s ya zaka zapitazi, lero ma analogi ake, omwe amasiyana ma amino acid angapo mumapuloteni, amatha kupezeka ndi aliyense. Mankhwala si osiyana ndi zinthu zomwe ma cell a beta opanga bwino amapanga.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga adapangidwa pambuyo pake kwambiri kuposa insulin, chifukwa zotere sizinathandize pa insulin boom. Moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 nthawi imeneyo adachepetsedwa kwambiri, chifukwa palibe amene ankayang'anira kuyambika kwa matendawa, ndipo palibe amene anaganiza za kunenepa kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawa.

Poyerekeza ndi zoterezi, tikukhala m'nthawi yachisangalalo, popeza tsopano tili ndi mwayi wokhala ndi ukalamba wopanda kutayika pang'ono pamsika uliwonse komanso mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amadalira kwambiri masiku ano, nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chisankho, momwe angakhalire ndi matenda ashuga? Ndipo vutoli apa silothandiza ngakhale boma. Ngakhale ndikuwongolera kwathunthu mtengo wamafuta, chithandizo cha chithandizo chotere sichingakhale chochepa kwambiri ngati sakadapanga mapampu a insulin ndi glucometer, metformin ndi insulin, osanenanso zambiri pa intaneti. Chifukwa chake kusangalala ndi moyo kapena kukhala ndi nkhawa - zimangotengera inu kapena makolo omwe banja lawo muli ana odwala matenda ashuga.

Matenda, monga mukudziwa, musatibwerere zotere. Ena amapereka shuga ngati mayeso, ndipo ena amaphunzirapo kanthu pa moyo. Tiyenerabe kuthokoza Mulungu kuti odwala matenda ashuga siali olumala ndipo kwenikweni matendawa si owopsa ngati mutayang'anira thanzi lanu, lemekezani thupi lanu komanso siyani shuga.

Mavuto - aakulu (a mtima, wamanjenje, masomphenya) kapena zovuta pachimake (chikomokere, hypoglycemia) amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'moyo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga. Ndi malingaliro oyenera ku matenda anu, zoterezi zingachitike.

Asayansi amati nkhawa zazikulu za tsogolo lawo zimabweretsa mavuto pa moyo wawo. Osataya mtima wanu womenyera nkhondo, khalani odekha komanso otentha, chifukwa kuchiritsa kwabwino kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga ndi kuseka.

Ndi odwala matenda ashuga angati

Kupita patsogolo konse kwamankhwala kwakanthawi kochepa, chiopsezo cha kufa kwa odwala matenda ashuga amakhalabe apamwamba poyerekeza ndi anzawo athanzi. Ziwerengero zamankhwala zimati ndi shuga wodalira insulin, kumwalira ndi kawiri ndi 2.6 poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya odwala matenda ashuga. Matendawa amapangika pazaka 30 zoyambirira za moyo. Ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi impso, pafupifupi 30% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtunduwu amafa zaka 30 zikubwerazi.

Odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga (85% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga), chizindikiro ichi ndi chotsika - 1.6 zina. Mwayi wokumana ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ukuwonjezeka kwambiri pambuyo pa zaka 50. Tinaphunziranso za odwala omwe adwala matenda amishuga amtundu wa 1 ali mwana (mpaka zaka 25). Amakhala ndi mwayi wocheperako mpaka zaka 50, monga momwe muliri wopulumuka (poyerekeza ndi anzanga athanzi) ndi nthawi 4-9.

Ngati tiunika tsatanetsataneyo poyerekeza ndi chaka cha 1965, pomwe magazini okha "Science and Life" ndi omwe adadziwa zopambana za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, koma chidziwitsochi chikuwoneka bwino. Ndi 35%, kufa kwa mtundu wa 1 shuga kudatsika 11%. Kusintha koyenera kumawonedwa ndi odwala omwe samadalira insulin. Pafupifupi, chiyembekezo cha moyo wa matenda a shuga amachepetsa ndi zaka 19 kwa akazi ndi zaka 12 kwa amuna.

Posakhalitsa, odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda nawonso amasinthira ku insulin. Ngati mapilitsi akulephera kale kuchepetsa kukwiya kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi chifukwa cha kufinya kwamkaka, insulin ingathandize kupewa hyperglycemia ndi chikomokere.

Kutengera nthawi yowonekera, amadziwika mitundu yayitali komanso yochepa ya insulin. Kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe awo kudzathandizira patebulo.

Kupititsa patsogolo kuwerenga kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe amatenga nawo gawo limodzi pasukulu ya matenda ashuga, kupezeka kwa zida za insulin ndi shuga, ndi chithandizo cha boma zawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali komanso moyo wabwino.

Zoyambitsa kufa mu shuga

Mwa zina zoyambitsa kufa padziko lapansi, matenda ashuga ali m'malo lachitatu (pambuyo pamatenda a mtima ndi oncological). Kudwala mochedwa, kunyalanyaza malangizo azachipatala, kupanikizika pafupipafupi komanso kugwira ntchito mopambanitsa, moyo womwe siuli wathanzi ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zimatsimikizira kukhala ndi moyo mu shuga.

Muubwana, makolo nthawi zonse samatha kuyendetsa machitidwe a kudya kwa mwana wodwala, ndipo iyemwini samamvetsetsa za chiwopsezo chophwanya boma, pakakhala ziyeso zambiri pafupi.

Chiyembekezo chamoyo wazambiri odwala matenda ashuga chimatanthauzanso kulangidwa, makamaka, pakati pa omwe sangathe kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa (uchidakwa, kusuta fodya, kudya kwambiri) ,imfa ndiyambiri. Ndipo uku ndikusankha kwamunthu.

Sikuti matenda a shuga omwe amayambitsa zotsatira zakupha, koma zovuta zake zovuta. Kukhazikika kwa glucose ochulukirapo m'magazi kumawononga mitsempha yamagazi, kumayambitsa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe. Matupi a Ketone ndi owopsa ku ubongo, ziwalo zamkati, motero ketoacidosis ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa imfa.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amadziwika ndi zovuta zamtundu wamanjenje, masomphenya, impso ndi miyendo. Mwa zina mwa matenda ofala kwambiri:

• nephropathy - mu magawo omaliza ndi owopsa,
• khungu, khungu lathunthu,
• matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima m'matumbo okalamba ndi chifukwa chinanso cha imfa,
• matenda amkamwa.

Ndi mtundu wa 2 wa shuga womwe sukulipidwa, pakakhala kuchuluka kwa insulini yakeyake, koma sikugwirizana ndi ntchito zake, chifukwa mafuta am'malo samalola kulowa mkati, mumakhala zovuta zina kuchokera mumtima, m'mitsempha yamagazi, m'maso, ndi pakhungu. Kugona kumakulirakulira, kulakalaka kudya kumakhala kovuta kuwongolera, ndipo kugwira ntchito kumatsika.

• kagayidwe kachakudya - kuchuluka kwa ketone matupi amakwiya ketoacidosis,
• atrophy ya minofu, neuropathy - chifukwa cha "shuga" wamitsempha, kufalikira kofooka,
• retinopathy - kuwonongedwa kwa ziwiya zosalimba maso, kuopseza kutayika kwa masomphenya (pang'ono kapena kwathunthu),
• nephropathy - aimpso matenda ofunika hemodialysis, kupatsidwa chiwalo zina ndi zina zofunika kwambiri,
• mtima matenda - varicose mitsempha, thrombophlebitis, matenda ashuga, gangrene,
• chitetezo chofooka sichiteteza kumatenda opumira ndi chimfine.

DM ndi matenda oopsa omwe akukhudza ntchito zonse za thupi - kuchokera ku zikondamoyo mpaka m'mitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa chake wodwala aliyense ali ndi zovuta zake, chifukwa ndikofunikira kuthana osati vuto la shuga wambiri m'madzi a m'magazi.

Ambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amafa:

• mtima pathologies - sitiroko, matenda a mtima (70%),
• kwambiri nephropathy ndi matenda ena a impso (8%),
• Kulephera kwa chiwindi - chiwindi chimayankha moyenera kusintha kwa insulin, kagayidwe kachakudya ka hepatocides kamasokonekera,
• patsogolo gawo la odwala matenda ashuga komanso gangrene.

Manambala, vuto limawoneka motere: 65% ya 2 odwala matenda ashuga ndi 35% ya mtundu 1 amamwalira ndi matenda amtima. Pali azimayi ambiri pagulu langozi lino kuposa abambo. Avereji ya zaka zoyambira kufa ndi odwala matenda ashuga: zaka 65 kwa akazi ndi zaka 50 kwa theka laumunthu. Kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kukuchulukitsidwa kwa myocardial ndi shuga kumakhala k 3 katatu kuposa momwe ena akuvutikira.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwadera lomwe lakhudzidwalo ndikofunikira: 46% yamitsempha yamtima yakumanzere ndi 14% ya madipatimenti ena. Pambuyo pa vuto la mtima, zizindikiro za wodwalayo zimakulanso. Ndizodabwitsa kuti 4.3% anali ndi vuto la mtima la asymptomatic, lomwe linayambitsa imfa, popeza wodwalayo sanalandire chithandizo chanthawi yake.

Kuphatikiza pa kugunda kwa mtima, zovuta zina zimadziwikanso mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi ya odwala "okoma": mtima wamatenda, matenda oopsa, matenda amitsempha yamagazi, mantha a mtima. Hyperinsulinemia imayambitsanso matenda a mtima komanso ischemic matenda a mtima. Amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwambiri kwa cholesterol kumapangitsa izi.

Kafukufuku awonetsa kuti matenda ashuga amakhudzana kwambiri ndi myocardial performance: ndi kuchuluka kwa ndende ya collagen, minofu yamtima imachepa. Matenda a shuga akhoza kukhala chofunikira pakukula kwa chotupa chowopsa, koma ziwerengero nthawi zambiri siziganizira zomwe zimayambitsa.

Mphoto ya Jocelyn

Kutenga kwa Eliot Proctor Joslin, endocrinologist yemwe adayambitsa Center for Diabetes, mendulo idakhazikitsidwa mu 1948. Idaperekedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe akhala ndi izi kwa zaka zosachepera 25. Popeza zamankhwala zapita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo masiku ano odwala ambiri adutsa mzerewu, kuyambira mu 1970, odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi "gawo" la 50 la matendawo alandilidwa. Mindondoyi imawonetsa munthu wothamanga yemwe ali ndi nyali yoyaka ndi mawu olembedwa kutanthauza: "Kupambana kwa munthu ndi mankhwala."

Mphotho yaumwini ya zaka 75 zokhala ndi matenda ashuga mu 2011 idaperekedwa kwa Bob Krause. Mwinanso sakhala yekha, koma palibe amene angapereke zikalata zodalirika zomwe zikuwonetsa matendawa. Katswiri wamafuta wakhala zaka 85 ali ndi matenda ashuga. Zaka zopitilira 57 zaukwati adalera ana atatu ndi zidzukulu 8. Adadwala ali ndi zaka 5 pomwe insulin idangopangidwa. M'banja, sanali yekhayo wodwala matenda ashuga, koma yekha adatha kupulumuka. Amati chinsinsi chokhala ndi moyo wautali-otsika thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osankhidwa ndi nthawi yeniyeni ya kudya. Pamavuto, amalimbikitsa abwenzi ake kuti azitha kudzisamalira okha, zomwe amafuna pamoyo wa Bob Krause: "Chitani zomwe muyenera, ndipo zichitike!"

Mwa kudzoza, pali zitsanzo za zana limodzi pakati pa Russia. Mchaka cha 2013, mendulo ya Joslin ya "50th An SD pamodzi ndi SD" idaperekedwa kwa Nadezhda Danilina waku Dera la Volgograd. Adadwala matenda ashuga ali ndi zaka 9. Uyu ndiye munthu wathu wachisanu ndi chinayi yemwe adalandira mphotho yotere. Popeza adatsalira ndi amuna awiri, wodwala yemwe amadalira matenda a shuga amakhala modzikuza m'mudzi wina wopanda gasi, wopanda zovuta za matenda. Malingaliro ake, chinthu chachikulu ndikufuna kupulumuka: "Pali insulin, tidzapempherera!"

Momwe mungakhalire mosangalala kuyambira kale ndi matenda ashuga

Osati nthawi zonse komanso osati zonse m'moyo zimangodalira zokhumba zathu, koma ndife okakamizidwa kuyesa kuchita chilichonse mu mphamvu zathu. Zowonadi, ziwerengero zakufa kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga zikuwopsa, koma simuyenera kuyang'ana izi. Chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa sichimakhudzidwa nthawi zonse; aliyense wa ife ndi munthu payekha. Zambiri zimatengera mtundu wa chithandizo ndi momwe munthu analiri panthawi yodziwitsa. Chofunikira ndikupita ku chigonjetso kuti muthe kusintha bwino (osati nthawi zambiri kumanyenga), komanso zotsatira za kusanthula.

Zachidziwikire, njirayi sitha kutchedwa yosavuta, ndipo si aliyense amene angakwanitse kubwezeretsa thanzi lathunthu. Koma ngati mungayime, ndiye kuti nthawi yomweyo muyambanso kubwerera. Kuti tisunge zomwe zakhala zikwaniritsidwa, aliyense ayenera kukwaniritsa ntchito yake tsiku lililonse, popeza kulephera kungawononge mwachangu njira zonse zopulumukira ndi matenda ashuga. Ndipo kusimbako kumakhala kubwereza zomwe sizinachitike tsiku lililonse: kuphika chakudya chopatsa thanzi popanda chakudya chamavuto, chidwi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuyenda kwambiri (kukagwira ntchito, pamasitepe), osanyamula ubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje mosasamala, ndikukhala ndi kukana kupsinjika.

M'machitidwe azachipatala a Ayurveda, kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga kumafotokozedwa motengera momwe lingaliro la karmic: munthu atakwirira talente yake, yopatsidwa ndi Mulungu, pansi, samawona "lokoma" m'moyo. Kuti mudzichiritse nokha pamalingaliro, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa komwe mukupita, yesani kupeza chisangalalo tsiku lililonse lomwe mukukhala, ndikuthokoza Universal pazonse. Mutha kulumikizana ndi sayansi yakale ya Vedic m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma pali china choti muganizire, makamaka popeza kuti kulimbana kwa moyo njira zonse ndizabwino.

Matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi zotsatira zake

Chithandizo choyenera ndimikhalidwe yotere ndi chitsimikizo cha kusakhalapo kwa zovuta zambiri, thanzi labwinobwino komanso ntchito yayitali. Zoneneratu zabwino. Komabe, kuwonekera kwa zovuta zilizonse zomwe zimakhudza mtima wamtima kumachepetsa mwayi.

Kuzindikira koyambira ndi kuyambitsanso mankhwalawa ndizinthu zamphamvu zomwe zikuthandizira kutalika kwa moyo.

Chofunikira china ndi nthawi yomwe matenda a mwana - atazindikira msanga ali ndi zaka 0 - 8 zimatipatsa chiyembekezo chazaka zosaposa 30, koma wokalamba wodwalayo panthawi yomwe matendawa adakula, akhoza kukhala wolimba kwambiri. Achinyamata azaka za 20 amatha kukhala ndi zaka 70 ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro onse a katswiri.

Kodi matenda ashuga am'mawa ndi ati? Werengani zambiri apa.

Stroke chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Amayambitsa, Zizindikiro, chithandizo.

Chiwopsezo chake ndi chiani?

Ngati matenda ashuga amakhudza machitidwe a thupi, choyambirira komanso champhamvu kwambiri chimakhala kapamba - izi zimachitika kwa mtundu wina uliwonse wamatenda.Zotsatira zake, zovuta zina zimachitika m'ntchito ya chiwalochi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa mapangidwe a insulin - timadzi tambiri tambiri tokhala ndi puloteni timene timafunika kunyamula shuga m'maselo a thupi, zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri.

Pankhani ya "kuzimiririka" kwa kapamba, shuga amakhazikika m'madzi a m'magazi, ndipo machitidwe samalandira recharge yovomerezeka kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

Chifukwa chake, kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito, amabweza shuga m'magulu osagwira ntchito a thupi, omwe pamapeto pake amayamba kutsika ndi chiwonongeko.

Matenda a shuga amaphatikizika ndi zotupa zotsatirazi:

• Mtima wam'thupi ukukulirakulira
• Pali zovuta ndi gawo la endocrine,
• Masomphenya akutsikira
• Chiwindi sichitha kugwira bwino ntchito.

Ngati chithandizo sichinayambike munthawi yake, ndiye kuti matendawa amakhudza pafupifupi thupi lonse. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chakufupika kwakanthawi kochepa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wamatenda poyerekeza ndi odwala omwe ali ndi ma pathologies ena.

Pankhani ya matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti moyo wonse wamtsogolo udzasinthidwa kwambiri - muyenera kutsatira malamulo omwe sanatengedwe kuti ndi ofunika asanayambike matendawa.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngati simutsatira malangizo a dotolo, omwe cholinga chake ndi kukhalabe ndi shuga m'magazi, pamapeto pake zovuta zambiri zimakhudza moyo wa wodwalayo.

Muyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti kuyambira wazaka pafupifupi 25, thupi limayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, koma mosalephera limayamba kukalamba. Zomwe zimachitika posachedwa zimatengera mawonekedwe a munthu aliyense, koma mulimonsemo, matenda ashuga amathandizira kwambiri njira zowonongeka, kusokoneza maselo obwezeretsanso maselo.

Chifukwa chake, matendawa amapanga zifukwa zokwanira zolimbitsa matenda opha ziwalo ndi gangore - zovuta zotere nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa imfa. Mukazindikira matenda awa, nthawi yamoyo imachepetsedwa kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi njira zamakono zochizira, ndizotheka kukhalabe ndizolimbitsa thupi kwakanthawi, koma kumapeto thupi sizingathe kupirira.

Malinga ndi machitidwe a matendawa, mankhwala amakono akusanthula mitundu iwiri ya shuga. Iliyonse mwazomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe owonetsera komanso zovuta zake, motero muyenera kuzidziwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Ndadwala - mwayi wanga ndi chiyani?

Ngati mwapatsidwa chithandizo ichi, choyambirira simuyenera kutaya mtima.

Gawo lanu loyamba liyenera kukhala kukaona akatswiri apadera:

• Endocrinologist
• Wothandizira
• Cardiologist
• Nephrologist kapena urologist,
• Opaleshoni ya mtima (ngati kuli kotheka).

• Zakudya zapadera
• Kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kubayirira insulin,
• Zochita zolimbitsa thupi
• Kupitiliza kuyang'anitsitsa shuga komanso zinthu zina.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, mwanjira ina, shuga wodalira insulin, ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda omwe amaperekedwa pochiritsa moyenera. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa matendawa, muyenera:

• Tsatirani zakudya zabwino
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi mwadongosolo,
• Imwani mankhwala ofunikira
• Muzipita insulini.

Komabe, ngakhale ndi njira zingapo zamankhwala ndikukhazikitsanso, funso loti ndi zaka zingati 1 odwala matenda ashuga akukhala ndi matenda ashuga akadali othandizabe.

Ndi matenda apanthawi yake, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi insulini chitha kupitirira zaka 30 kuyambira pomwe matendawa apezeka. Munthawi imeneyi, wodwalayo amatenga matenda osiyanasiyana amthupi omwe amakhudza mtima ndi impso, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri nthawi yofunikira kuti munthu akhale wathanzi.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amaphunzira kuti amadwala ndi mtundu woyamba kwambiri - asanakwanitse zaka 30. Chifukwa chake, pokhapokha pazofunikira zonse, wodwala ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kuti azitha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino wazaka 60.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, m'zaka zaposachedwa, anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ndi moyo zaka 70, ndipo nthawi zina chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukhala chapamwamba.

Zochita za anthu otere zimangodalira chakudya choyenera chatsiku ndi tsiku. Amathera nthawi yochulukirapo ku thanzi lawo, kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ofunikira.

Ngati tilingalira ziwerengero wamba, titha kunena kuti pali mitundu ina kutengera mtundu wa wodwalayo. Mwachitsanzo, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo mwa abambo chimachepetsedwa ndi zaka 12. Koma akazi, kupezeka kwawo kukuchepa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu - pafupifupi zaka 20.

Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ziwerengero zenizeni sizinganenedwe nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa zambiri zimatengera mawonekedwe amthupi ndi kuchuluka kwa matendawa. Koma akatswiri onse amati nthawi yomwe apatsidwa kuti adziwe matendawa imadalira momwe munthu amadziwonera yekha ndi momwe aliri.

Type 2 shuga

Funso la kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2 sangayankhidwe mosagwirizana, chifukwa izi zimatengera nthawi yovumbulutsa matendawa komanso kutha kusintha moyo wawo watsopano.

M'malo mwake, zoopsa zake sizikhala chifukwa cha matenda omwe, koma kuchokera pazovuta zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa. Ponena mwachindunji momwe munthu angakhalire ndi zotupa zotere, malinga ndi ziwerengero, mwayi wofika paukalamba ndi wocheperapo ndi 1.6 kuposa kwa anthu opanda matenda a shuga. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zaka zaposachedwa zabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu ku njira zamankhwala, kotero, kufa kwa nthawi ino kwatsika kwambiri.

Mwachiwonekere, chiyembekezo cha moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga chimakonzedwa makamaka ndi zoyesayesa zawo. Mwachitsanzo, mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a odwala omwe amatsatira chithandizo chamankhwala chokhazikitsidwa komanso kukonza, zinthu zimasintha popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Chifukwa chake, musakhale ndi mantha, monga ma endocrinologists amawona malingaliro osalimbikitsa ngati chida chokha chothandizira kukulitsa matenda: nkhawa, kupsinjika, kupsinjika - zonsezi zimathandizira kuwonongeka koyambirira kwa vutolo ndikupanga zovuta zazikulu.

Ndi zovuta zomwe zili pamenepa zomwe zimapangitsa kuwopsa kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, magawo atatu a anthu omwe amamwalira ndi matenda amtunduwu ndi chifukwa cha dongosolo la mtima. Chilichonse chimafotokozedwa mophweka: magazi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose, amakhala viscous ndi wandiweyani, kotero mtima umakakamizidwa kugwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri. Mavuto otsatirawa ayenera kuganiziridwanso:

• Chiwopsezo cha mikwingwirima ndi matenda a mtima achulukitsidwa,
• Impso zimakhudzidwa, chifukwa chomwe satha kuthana ndi ntchito yawo yofunika,
• Mafuta a hepatosis amapangidwa - kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka metabolic m'maselo. Pambuyo pake imasandulika kukhala hepatitis ndi cirrhosis,
• Kulimbitsa minofu, kufooka kwambiri, kukokana komanso kuwonongeka.
• Matendawa omwe amapezeka kumbuyo kwa kuvulala kwamapazi kapena zotupa za bowa,
• Kuwonongeka kwa retina - retinopathy - kungapangitse kuwonongeka kwathunthu,

Mwachiwonekere, zovuta zotere ndizovuta kuzilamulira komanso kuchiza, motero ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti njira zodzitetezera zimatengedwa kuti akhale athanzi.

Momwe mungakhalire ndi matenda a shuga

Kuti muwonjezere mwayi wokhala ndi ukalamba, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungakhalire ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Zambiri zimafunikanso momwe mungakhalire ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba.

Makamaka, zochitika zotsatirazi zitha kusiyanitsidwa zomwe zimathandizira kukulira kwa chiyembekezo cha moyo:

• Muyezo wa tsiku ndi tsiku shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi,
• Imwani mankhwala
• Tsatirani zakudya
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Pewani kupanikizika ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kufunikira kwa kupsinjika pakumwalira koyambirira - kuthana nawo, thupi limatulutsa mphamvu zomwe ziyenera kupita kukakumana ndi matendawa.

Chifukwa chake, kuti mupewe kupezeka kwa zinthu zoterezi, timalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti muphunzire kuthana ndi zovuta zina zilizonse - izi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse nkhawa komanso kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro.

Zofunika kudziwa:

• Mantha omwe amapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amangokulitsa zinthu,
• Nthawi zina munthu amatha kuyamba kumwa mankhwala ambiri. Koma mankhwala osokoneza bongo oopsa kwambiri - angayambitse kuwonongeka kwakuthwa,
• Kudzichitira nokha mankhwala sikovomerezeka. Izi sizikugwira ntchito kokha ku shuga, komanso zovuta zake,
• Mafunso onse okhudza matendawa ayenera kukambirana ndi dokotala.

Chifukwa chake, choyambirira, wodwala matenda ashuga sayenera kungogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti njira zodzitetezera zimatengedwa popewa zovuta. Chinsinsi cha izi ndi zakudya. Nthawi zambiri, dokotala amaletsa zakudya, kupatula zakudya zochepa kapena zonenepa kwambiri, zotsekemera, zokometsera komanso zosuta.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ngati mutsatira nthawi zonse zoikidwa kwa akatswiri, ndiye kuti mutha kuwonjezera nthawi yayitali.

Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga ndi owopsa?

Matendawa akakhudza thupi, kapamba amavutika koyamba, pomwe amapanga insulin. Ndi ma protein omwe amapatsa glucose muma cell a thupi kuti asunge mphamvu.

Ngati zikondazo zimasokoneza, shuga amatengedwa m'magazi ndipo thupi silipeza zinthu zofunika kuzichita. Amayamba kuchotsa glucose m'mafuta ndi minofu yambiri, ndipo ziwalo zake zimatha pang'ono pang'ono ndikuwonongeka.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa shuga kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, zosokoneza zomwe zimachitika:

1. chiwindi
2. mtima
3. ziwalo zowoneka
4. dongosolo la endocrine.

Ndi chithandizo chosawerengeka kapena chosaphunzira, matendawa amakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi thupi lonse. Izi zimachepetsa chiyembekezo cha moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe akudwala matenda.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngati zofuna zamankhwala sizikusungidwa zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi glycemia pamlingo woyenera, mavuto amakula. Ndiponso, kuyambira zaka 25, njira za ukalamba zimayambitsidwa m'thupi.

Momwe njira zowonongeka zimakhalira ndikusokoneza maselo obwereranso maselo zimachitika, zimatengera momwe thupi la wodwalayo lilili. Koma anthu omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga komanso osachiritsidwa amatha kudwala matenda opha ziwalo m'tsogolo, zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa imfa. Kafukufuku akuti akapezeka ndi vuto lalikulu la hyperglycemia, nthawi yayitali ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga amachepa.

Mavuto onse okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga amagawika m'magulu atatu:

• Pachimake - hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar ndi lacticidal chikomokere.
• Pambuyo pake - angiopathy, retinopathy, matenda ashuga, polyneuropathy.
• Matenda osokoneza bongo - magwiridwe antchito a impso, mitsempha yamagazi ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.

Mavuto amachedwa komanso osachedwa kuopsa. Amafupikitsa moyo wokhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Ndi zaka zingati zomwe ndimakhala ndi matenda ashuga? Choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa ngati munthuyo ali pachiwopsezo. Kutheka kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe a endocrine kumachitika mwa ana ochepera zaka 15.

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi matenda amtundu 1. Mwana ndi wachinyamata amene ali ndi matenda amtunduwu amafunika moyo wa insulin.

Kuvuta kwa maphunziro a hyperglycemia muubwana kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo. Pazaka izi, matendawa samapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi machitidwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono.

Moyo wokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kuubwana umakhala wovuta chifukwa makolo nthawi zonse sangathe kuyang'anira machitidwe a tsiku la mwana wawo. Nthawi zina wophunzira amatha kuyiwala kumwa piritsi kapena kudya zakudya zopanda pake.

Zachidziwikire, mwana samazindikira kuti chiyembekezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga 1 sichitha kufupikitsidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito moperewera zakudya ndi zakumwa. Chips, cola, maswiti osiyanasiyana ndimawakonda omwe ana amawakonda. Pakalipano, zinthu zotere zimawononga thupi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka ndi moyo.

Komabe omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi anthu achikulire omwe amalephera kusuta ndudu ndikuledzera. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe alibe zizolowezi zoyipa amakhala nthawi yayitali.

Ziwerengero zimawonetsa kuti munthu yemwe ali ndi atherosulinosis ndi matenda a hyperglycemia amatha kufa asanafike paukalamba. Kuphatikizikaku kumayambitsa zovuta zakupha:

1. sitiroko, nthawi zambiri imapha,
2. gangore, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuduladula miyendo, komwe kumalola munthu kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu atachitidwa opaleshoni.

Kodi anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi zaka zingati?

Monga mukudziwa, matenda a shuga amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Yoyamba ndi mitundu yodalira insulini yomwe imapezeka pamene kapamba yemwe amalakwitsa kutulutsa insulin. Matenda amtunduwu amapezeka kawirikawiri ali aang'ono.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umawoneka pomwe kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira. Chifukwa china chopangitsa kuti matendawa akhazikike mwina ndi kukana kwa maselo a thupi kupita ku insulin.

Ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amakhala? Kutalika kwa moyo wokhala ndi mawonekedwe odalira insulini kumatengera zinthu zambiri: zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, insulin mankhwala ndi zina zotero.

Ziwerengero zimati mtundu wa ashuga 1 amakhala pafupifupi zaka 30. Munthawi imeneyi, munthu nthawi zambiri amalandira zovuta za impso ndi mtima, zomwe zimamupha.

Koma ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga, anthu azindikira kuti adziwe asanakwanitse zaka 30. Ngati odwalawa amathandizidwa molimbika komanso molondola, ndiye kuti amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 50-60.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha njira zamakono zamankhwala, odwala matenda a shuga amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 70. Koma matendawa amakhala abwino pokhapokha ngati munthu akuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino, amasunga ziwonetsero za glycemia pamlingo woyenera kwambiri.

Wodwala matenda ashuga amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji? Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mu nthawi ya amayi amachepetsedwa ndi zaka 20, ndipo mwa amuna - azaka 12.

Ngakhale ndizolondola kunena kuti mutha kukhala ndi shuga nthawi yayitali bwanji, simungathe. Zambiri zimatengera mtundu wamatendawa komanso momwe thupi la wodwalayo lilili. Koma onse endocrinologists amakhulupirira kuti nthawi ya moyo wa munthu wodwala glycemia imadzidalira.

Ndi angati omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2? Matenda amtunduwu amadziwika nthawi 9 nthawi zambiri kuposa mawonekedwe omwe amadalira insulin. Imapezeka makamaka mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, impso, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi mtima ndizoyamba kuvutika, ndipo kugonjetsedwa kumayambitsa kufa msanga. Ngakhale amadwala, ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa matenda omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuposa odwala osadalira insulin, pafupifupi, moyo wawo umakhala wochepera zaka zisanu, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala olumala.

Mavuto omwe amakhalapo ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amakhalanso chifukwa chakuti kuwonjezera pakudya ndi kumwa mankhwala a glycemic (Galvus), wodwalayo ayenera kuwunika momwe alili. Tsiku lililonse amakakamizidwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Payokha, ziyenera kunenedwa za zovuta za endocrine mwa ana.Chiyembekezero chokhala ndi moyo wa odwala mu m'badwo uno chimadalira nthawi yodziwika bwino. Ngati matendawa apezeka kuti ali ndi mwana mpaka chaka chimodzi, ndiye kuti izi zithandiza kupewa zovuta zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa imfa.

Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chithandizo china. Ngakhale masiku ano palibe mankhwala omwe amalola ana kuti apitirize kudziwa momwe moyo ulili popanda matenda a shuga, pali mankhwala omwe amatha kukwaniritsa shuga yokhazikika komanso yabwinobwino. Ndi chithandizo chosankhidwa bwino cha insulin, ana amapeza mwayi wosewera kwathunthu, kuphunzira komanso kukulitsa.

Chifukwa chake, mukazindikira matenda a shuga mpaka zaka 8, wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 30.

Ndipo ngati matendawa amakula pambuyo pake, mwachitsanzo, zaka 20, ndiye kuti munthu amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 70.

Khalidwe la matenda ashuga

Palibe amene angayankhe kwathunthu pazaka zingati akhala ndi matenda ashuga. Izi ndichifukwa choti chikhalidwe cha shuga chimakhala chamunthu aliyense payekha. Kodi ndingakhale bwanji ndi matenda ashuga? Pali malamulo omwe amakhudza nthawi yayitali ya munthu wodwala matenda ashuga.

Ndi matenda a shuga 1

Chifukwa chakuti tsiku lililonse, madotolo otsogolera nthawi yathu amachita kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi pokhudzana ndi kuphunzira za anthu odwala matenda ashuga komanso anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi vutoli, titha kutchula magawo akuluakulu, kutsatira zomwe zingakhale zothandiza pakubwera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba.

Kafukufuku wamaphunziro akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 amamwalira asanabadwe kawiri kawiri kuposa anthu athanzi. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, zizindikilo zotere ndi theka.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, omwe matenda awo amawonekera kuyambira azaka 14 ndi pambuyo pake, nthawi zambiri sangakhale ndi moyo mpaka zaka makumi asanu. Mukazindikira kuti matendawa adapezeka munthawi yake, ndipo wodwalayo akutsatira zomwe amupatsa, chiyembekezo chamoyo chimatenga nthawi yayitali bola kukhalapo kwa matenda ena ophatikizika kumalola. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mankhwala pazomwe akwanitsa kuchiza matenda oyamba a shuga adapita patali, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu odwala matenda ashuga akhale ndi moyo wautali.

Chifukwa chiyani anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala nthawi yayitali? Cholinga chake chinali kupezeka kwa mankhwala atsopano kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Munda wa njira zina zochizira matendawa zikupezeka, insulin yapamwamba kwambiri imapangidwa. Chifukwa cha glucometer, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu am'magazi mu seramu yamagazi osachoka kunyumba. Izi zachepetsa kwambiri chitukuko cha matendawa.

Pofuna kukonza kutalika ndi moyo wa wodwala wokhala ndi matenda oyamba a matenda ashuga, madokotala amalimbikitsa kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulowo.

1. Kuyang'anira tsiku ndi tsiku shuga.
2. Kupitilira muyeso wamagazi mkati mwa mitsempha.
3. Kumwa mankhwala a matenda ashuga okhazikitsidwa ndi dokotala, mwayi wokambirana ndi dokotala kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zamankhwala zodalirika.
4. Kutsatira kwambiri zakudya mu shuga.
5. Kusankha mosamala kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku.
6. Kutha kupewa zinthu zovuta komanso zovuta.
7. Kusanthula mosamala kaimidwe ka tsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikiza kudya panthawi yake komanso kugona.

Kutsatira malamulowa, kukhazikitsidwa kwawo monga chikhalidwe cha moyo, kumatha kukhala chitsimikizo cha moyo wautali komanso thanzi labwino.

Type 2 shuga

Kenako, talingalirani kuchuluka komwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Munthu akapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a sekondale, ayenera kuphunzira momwe angakhalire mosiyanasiyana, ayambe kuyang'anira thanzi lake.

Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Njira imodzi yolembera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu ndikusintha zakudya zanu:

• idyani pang'onopang'ono
• kutsatira zakudya zochepa za glycemic,
• osamadya asanagone
• imwani zamadzi zambiri.

Njira yachiwiri ndiynjira, kukwera njinga, kusambira padziwe. Musaiwale kumwa mankhwala. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira umphumphu wa khungu m'dera la phazi tsiku ndi tsiku. Pankhani ya mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kumayesedwa kwathunthu ndi akatswiri kangapo pachaka.

Kutalika Kwa Moyo

Kodi vuto la shuga limakhala lotani ndipo anthu amakhala nalo nthawi yayitali bwanji? Wocheperako akabwera wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti matendawo amayambiranso. Matenda a shuga omwe amawonekera ali mwana amachepetsa kwambiri kukhala ndi moyo.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa matenda ashuga kumakhudzidwa ndi kusuta, matenda oopsa, cholesterol yayikulu komanso kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu a seramu. Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa zaka za odwala matenda ashuga sikungatchulidwe, chifukwa zimatengera umunthu wa wodwalayo, kuchuluka kwake komanso mtundu wa matendawa. Ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga omwe amakhala?

Mtundu 1 wa shuga umakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji

Chiyembekezo chamoyo wa matenda ashuga 1 chimatengera chakudya, maphunziro a thupi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ofunikira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Kuyambira pomwe matenda a shuga amtunduwu amadziwika, munthu amatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu. Munthawi imeneyi, wodwalayo amatha kudwala matenda a mtima ndi impso, omwe amachepetsa zaka zomwe angakhale ndi moyo ndipo amatha kufa.

Matenda a shuga amawonekera asanafike zaka makumi atatu. Koma, ngati mutsatira malingaliro a adotolo ndikutsatira moyo wabwinobwino, mutha kukhala ndi moyo zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi.

Posachedwa, pakhala pakuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa zaka za anthu odwala matenda ashuga oyambira zaka 70, kapena kupitirira apo. Izi ndichifukwa chakudya chamagulu oyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo panthawi yoyenera, kudziletsa pazomwe muli ndi shuga ndikusamalidwa kwanu.

Kwakukulu, pafupifupi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amuna amachepetsedwa ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, wamkazi - wazaka makumi awiri. Komabe, sizingatheke kudziwa nthawi yeniyeni, chifukwa pankhani iyi chilichonse ndichokhudza munthu payekha.

Kodi akhala nthawi yayitali atakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2?

Matenda a sekondale a shuga amadziwika kawirikawiri kuposa oyambira. Uwu ndi matenda a anthu achikulire azaka zopitilira 50. Matenda amtunduwu amakhudza kwambiri mkhalidwe wa impso ndi mtima, womwe umabweretsa kufa msanga. Komabe, ndi mtundu wamtunduwu, anthu amakhala ndi moyo wautali, womwe umachepera pafupifupi zaka zisanu. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwamavuto osiyanasiyana kumapangitsa anthu otere kukhala olumala. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kutsatira zakudya pafupipafupi, kuwunikira mayendedwe a shuga ndi zitsenderezo, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga mu ana

Ana amangopeza matenda ashuga oyamba. Zochitika zaposachedwa zamankhwala sizingathe kuchiritsa matenda ashuga mwa mwana. Komabe, pali mankhwala omwe amathandizira kukhazikika kwa thanzi komanso kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu a shuga m'magazi.

Ntchito yayikulu ndikuzindikira koyambirira kwa matendawa m'mwana, mpaka isanayambike zovuta zina. Kupitilira apo, kuyang'anira njira zamankhwala ndikofunikira kumatha kutsimikizira kupitiliza kwa mwana. Ndipo zoneneratu pankhaniyi zidzakhala zabwino.

Ngati matenda a matenda ashuga amapezeka mwa makanda mpaka zaka eyiti, ndiye kuti ana otere amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 30. Matenda akayamba kuchitika atakula kwambiri, mwayi wokhala ndi mwana wotalikirapo umawonjezeka. Achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amawonekera ali ndi zaka makumi awiri amatha kukhala ndi zaka 70, pomwe m'mbuyomu, odwala matenda ashuga adangokhala zaka zochepa.

Sianthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amayamba kulandira ma jakisoni a insulin. Ambiri aiwo sangathe kusankha kwanthawi yayitali ndikupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apiritsi. Jakisoni wa insulin ndi thandizo lamphamvu pa matenda ashuga oyamba komanso a sekondale. Pokhapokha ngati insulin yolondola komanso kumwa mankhwala atengedwa, jakisoni amatumizidwa pa nthawi, insulin imatha kukhalabe ndi shuga pamlingo woyenera, imathandizira kupewa zovuta komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali, mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi.

Mwachidule, mawu omalizirawo amadzitsimikizira kuti ndizowona, zabwinobwino, komanso kutalika kokhala ndi matenda ashuga. Chofunikira chokhala ndi moyo wautali ndikutsatira malamulo omveka bwino omwe dokotala amapereka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Zomwe zimakhudza chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo mu shuga

Kutalika kwa moyo wa shuga kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri. Amadziwika kuti matendawa adayamba kudwala, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawo. Makamaka amafupikitsa zaka za matenda ashuga kuyambira ubwana. Tsoka ilo, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe sizingatengeke. Koma pali ena omwe angasinthidwe.

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kusuta, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi cholesterol kumakhudza chiyembekezo cha moyo wa matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatanthauzanso zochuluka.

Matenda a shuga a magazi amapezeka kudzera pakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, mapiritsi ndi jakisoni wa insulin.