Magazi a shuga m'magazi mwa ana akamakula

Njira zonse zamkati mwathupi zimatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati zili mkati, ndiye kuti, ndi magawo a kutentha thupi, osmotic magazi, acid-base usawa, glucose level ndi ena. Kuphwanya magawo ndiwotchi ndikumayambitsa ma pathological mpaka kutha kwofunikira kwa thupi.

Udindo wa shuga m'thupi

Glucose - chisonyezo cha kagayidwe kazachilengedwe m'thupi

Glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamagetsi m'maselo. Mitundu ingapo yolumikizirana imathandizira kuti ikhalebe yolimba.

Thupi limalandira shuga kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya. M'matumbo, ma enzymes amasintha ma polysaccharides ovuta kukhala monosaccharide - glucose.

Chifukwa cha kagayidwe, adenosine triphosphoric acid amapangidwa kuchokera ku glucose, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo ngati mphamvu. Gawo la glucose silisinthidwa mphamvu, koma limapangidwa kukhala glycogen ndipo limayikidwa mu minofu ndi chiwindi. Glycogen m'chiwindi amagwira ntchito popanga shuga wamagazi.

Glycogen mu minofu amakhala malo osungira mphamvu.

Popanda glucose, motero, popanda mphamvu, maselo sangakhalepo, ndipo pakusintha, njira zopangira glucose kuchokera m'mafuta ndi mapuloteni adapangidwa. Kuzungulira uku kumatchedwa gluconeogeneis ndipo kumayamba ndikusala kudya.

Kukhazikika kwa glucose pamitundu ina kumakhudzidwa ndi:

1. Zachuma komanso ziyeneretso zamagulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Kupanga kwa kapamba ndi insulin.
3. Matanthauzidwe amakulu a catabolic contra-mahormone: glucagon, adrenaline, glucocorticoids.
4. Digiri ya ntchito zamagalimoto ndi zamaganizidwe.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga zimapezeka mu kanema:

Ngati pali chakudya chamafuta ambiri mthupi, makamaka ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic (index ya glycemic ndiye kuthamanga komwe chakudya chimakulitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi), ndipo munthu sagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu izi kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, zochita zamaganizo kwambiri zimasandutsa gawo la glucose kukhala mafuta.

Ngati insulin ili ndi udindo wowonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose sikukwera kunja kwa magawo abwinobwino, ndiye kuti pali mahomoni omwe amalepheretsa magazi a glucose kutsika kwambiri. Awa ndi glucagon (pancreatic hormone), cortisol, adrenaline, glucocorticoids (opangidwa m'matumbo a adrenal). Glucagon ndi adrenaline amachita mwachindunji pama cell a chiwindi, pomwe gawo la glycogen limawola ndikulowa m'magazi. Glucocorticoids amathandizira pakupanga shuga m'magazi a gluconeogeneis ochokera ku amino acid.

Zizindikiro

Kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi

Kutsimikiza kwamisempha ya glucose kumachitika m'njira zingapo:

1. Kuyesa kwa magazi a capillary.
2. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi koopsa.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa zizindikiro za matenda, kafukufuku wowonjezera amachitika:

• Mayeso a kulolera a glucose. Kuthamanga glucose kumayesedwa ndipo maola 2 mutatha kutenga njira ya shuga yambiri.
• Kutsimikiza kwa glycated hemoglobin wambiri. Amawonetsa shuga wapakati pamiyezi itatu yapitayo.
• Mbiri ya Glycemic. Kutsimikiza kwa shuga 4 pa tsiku.

Zinthu zambiri zimathandizira kuchuluka kwa shuga, chifukwa chake, malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito kuwunikiridwa amayenera kuonedwa kuti apeze zotsatira zabwino:

1. Kusanthula kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Otsiriza womaliza palibe kale kuposa maola 8-10 njira isanachitike.
2. M'mawa musanayambe kuyesa, pewani kutsuka mano anu (mwina pakhale shuga mumazino).
3. Ndi nkhawa komanso kuopa njira, tsimikizani mwana.
4. Kusangalala kwa m'maganizo ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuti amasulidwe a adrenaline - mahomoni olimbana ndi mahomoni omwe amatha kuwonjezera magazi.

Magazi a capillary amatengedwa ngati aseptic. Kudzinyamula kumachitika motere: khungu limaperekedwa ndi chopukutira chakuthira ndi njira yothandizira kupukusa, singano yonyansa yolumikizira imalowetsa chala chomaliza cha chala cham mphete. Dontho la magazi limayenera kuwoneka momasuka, sungathe kuseka chala chako, chifukwa ndiye kuti madzi osakanikirana amasakanikirana ndi magazi ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakhala zosokoneza.

Magazi owopsa amatengedwa ndimatumbo a ulnar. Namwino yemwe akutsogolera njirayi ayenera kukhala atavala magolovesi a mphira. Pambuyo pochiza khungu la m'mawondo ndi njira yotsatsira, magazi okwanira amatengedwa ndi syringe yonyansa. Tsambalo la jakisoni limakhazikitsidwa ndi chopukutira chakuthira ndi njira yothandizira kuti utulutse matenda, mkono umapinda mgonero mpaka magazi atasiya kwathunthu.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa ana pofika zaka

Glucometer - chida choyesera shuga wamagazi

M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mwana amadya mkaka makamaka. Ana akhanda amadya pafupipafupi - maola onse a 2-3 - glucose amaperekedwa pafupipafupi kuti athe kukwaniritsa zosowa zamphamvu za thupi, palibe chifukwa chakuphatikiza glycogen yambiri.

Preschoolers ali ndi chizolowezi cha hypoglycemia. Kagayidwe kake kamachulukirachulukira, poyerekeza ndi achikulire, njira zowongolera kagayidwe kachakudya ndizopanda ungwiro, glycogen yaying'ono - zonsezi zimabweretsa kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi mwa ana. Pofika zaka 7, ana amakhala ndi shuga wambiri ngati wamkulu.

Magazi a shuga:

• Mwa ana akhanda okhazikika - 1.7 - 2.8 mmol / l
• Chakale: 1.1 - 2.5 mmol / L
• Mpaka chaka - 2.8 - 4.0 mmol / l
• Kuyambira zaka ziwiri mpaka 5: 3.3 mpaka 5.0 mmol / L
• Zopitilira zaka 6: 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Magazi Akuluakulu mwa Ana

Nthawi zambiri, kuyezetsa shuga kumasonyezedwa pakupeza matenda a shuga.

Zonse zokhudza thupi komanso za m'magazi zimatha kuyambitsa shuga. Zifukwa zachidziwitso zimaphatikizapo:

1. Matenda a shuga. Ana atha kukhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena matenda ashuga a 2. Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amadalira insulin, amayamba chifukwa cha insulin yosakwanira. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri - osadalira insulini, pamene kuchuluka kwa insulin m'mwazi ndikokwera, koma maselo amakhala osaganizira zochita zake - kukana insulini kumayamba.
2. Matenda a Endocrine. Ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a chithokomiro, pituitary, ndi adrenal gland, kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi metabolism ya chakudya amawonongeka.
3. Metabolic syndrome. Ndi metabolic syndrome, komanso kuphatikiza kwa insulin komanso kunenepa kwambiri, mitundu yonse ya metabolism, kuphatikizapo chakudya, imasokonezeka.
4. Zotsatira zoyipa zamanthawi yayitali (glucocorticoids). M'matenda osiyanasiyana oopsa (autoimmune, allergic), mankhwala a glucocorticoid amaperekedwa kwa ana. Chimodzi mwazotsatira zoyipa za gulu la maholidi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa glucose polimbikitsa kutsekeka kwa glycogen.
5. Zithaphwi za kapamba. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi kumawonedwa ndi chotupa m'dera la maselo a pancreatic alpha omwe amapanga glucagon.

Zifukwa zochepetsera shuga

Kodi shuga wanu wamagazi ndi wotsika? Tikuyang'ana chifukwa

Shuga wochepa sangathe kunyalanyazidwa, chifukwa amatha kuwonetsa matenda oopsa:

• Mayi ndi mwana wosabadwayo amakhala ndi njira imodzi yozungulira yozungulira. Ngati mayi ali ndi matenda ashuga, mwana wosabadwayo amakhala ndi shuga komanso magazi a insulin ofanana ndi mayi. Ndiowopsa kutsika shuga m'magazi pambuyo pobadwa; maselo a mu ubongo omwe amagwira ntchito pamaso pa glucose akuvutika, choyambirira.
• Glycogenosis - matenda obadwa nawo omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kuphatikizika ndi kuchepa kwa glycogen. Mu impso, chiwindi, myocardium, chapakati chamanjenje ndi ziwalo zina, glycogen imadziunjikira. Izi glycogen sikuchita nawo malamulo a shuga.
• Mu makanda osakhazikika, machitidwe a homeostasis sanapangidwe - kukhalabe nthawi zonse mkati. Mwa ana oterowo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, kuti muchepetse zovuta zina mwanjira yogwirira ntchito komanso kuchedwa kapena ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa psychomotor.
• Congenital pathologies a chapakati mantha dongosolo, makamaka hypothalamus ndi pituitary England, kusokoneza neurohumoral mphamvu ya machitidwe awa pa zotumphukira endocrine gland (chithokomiro England, adrenal gland, kapamba.
• Insulinoma ndi chotupa cha pancreatic chotupa chomwe chili m'chigawo cha maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin. Kupanga insulin kumawonjezera kwambiri, kumachepetsa shuga m'magazi.
• Matenda opatsirana m'matumbo omwe amawonongeka ndi kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte (kusanza, kupukusa m'mimba). Poizoni amasokoneza ntchito yotulutsa chiwindi - matupi a ketone amadziunjikira m'mwazi ndi mkodzo. Njala yam'mimba imachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa glucose.

Mu shuga mellitus, kuwerengetsa koyenera kwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ochulukirapo, chikomokere cha hypoglycemic chitha kuchitika, ndipo ichi ndi chiopsezo cha moyo.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kupezeka kwa glucose okwanira kapena wotsika pakuwunika magazi sikutanthauza matenda. Zifukwa zambiri zimakhudza kulondola kwa kusanthula kwake: kudwala kwaposachedwa, kakhalidwe kosakhazikika kwa mwana munthawi yopangira (kulira, kukuwa). Kuti mupeze matenda olondola, labotale, maphunziro othandizira amachitidwa, chifukwa kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo ndi dokotala wokhazikika amene angamvetse izi.