Momwe mungakulitsire kuchuluka - - HDL cholesterol: njira 8

Hypercholesterolemia, mkhalidwe womwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yamagazi, umaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinthu zoyambirira zomwe zimayambitsa kubadwa kwa myocardial infaration. Chiwindi cha munthu chimapanga cholesterol yokwanira, chifukwa chake simuyenera kudya ndi chakudya.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta zimatchedwa lipids. Lipids, imakhalanso ndi mitundu iwiri yayikulu - cholesterol ndi triglycerides, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi magazi. Kutumiza cholesterol m'mwazi kunali kuchita bwino, kumangiriza kwa mapuloteni. Cholesterol chotere chimatchedwa lipoprotein.

Lipoproteins ndi apamwamba (HDL kapena HDL), otsika (LDL) komanso otsika kwambiri (VLDL). Iliyonse ya iwo imawerengedwa poyesa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtima. Mafuta ambiri amafuta a m'magazi amakhala ndi ma lipoproteins ochepa (LDL). Amapereka cholesterol ku maselo ndi minyewa, kuphatikiza kudzera m'mitsempha yama mtima kumtima komanso pamwamba.

Cholesterol yomwe imapezeka mu LDL (low density lipoproteins) imachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zolembera (kudzikundikira kwa mafuta) pazitseko zamkati za mitsempha. Nawonso, izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda amitsempha yamagazi, mitsempha ya m'mimba, komanso chiopsezo cha kulowerera kwa myocardial pankhaniyi chikuchulukitsidwa.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake cholesterol ya LDL imatchedwa "yoyipa." Zikhalidwe za LDL ndi VLDL zimakwezedwa - ndipamene zimayambitsa kupezeka kwamatenda amtima.

HDL (lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri) imanyamulanso cholesterol m'mwazi, koma pokhala gawo la HDL, chinthucho sichitenga nawo mbali popanga zigawo. M'malo mwake, ntchito ya mapuloteni omwe amapanga HDL ndikuchotsa cholesterol yowonjezera m'thupi lathu. Ndi mtundu uwu womwe umasankha dzina la cholesterol iyi: "chabwino."

Ngati miyambo ya HDL (milingo yapamwamba ya pakompyuta) m'magazi a anthu imakwezedwa, chiopsezo cha matenda amtima sichitha. Triglycerides ndi nthawi ina yamafuta. Mafuta ndiye gwero lofunikira kwambiri lamphamvu ndipo izi zimatengedwa mu HDL.

Mwa gawo, triglycerides amalowa mthupi ndi mafuta limodzi ndi chakudya. Ngati chakudya chopatsa mphamvu chochulukirapo, mafuta ndi mowa zilowa mthupi, ndiye kuti zopatsa mphamvu, ndizambiri kuposa zabwinobwino.

Pankhaniyi, kupanga zowonjezera kwa triglycerides kumayamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimakhudza HDL.

Triglycerides imatengedwera m'maselo ndi ma lipoprotein omwe omwe amapulumutsa cholesterol. Pali kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtima ndi ma triglycerides ambiri, makamaka ngati HDL ili pansipa.

Zoyenera kuchita

1. Ngati ndi kotheka, tengani pang'ono zakudya zamafuta m'zakudya. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi chakudya kumatsika mpaka 30%, ndipo kachigawo kakang'ono ka mafuta omwe amakhalapobe kumakhala kotsika ndi 7%, kusintha koteroko kudzakhala gawo lofunikira pokwaniritsa cholesterol m'magazi. Sikoyenera kupatula mafuta pachakudya.
2. Mafuta ndi mafuta okhazikika ayenera kusinthidwa ndi zina za polyunsaturated, mwachitsanzo, mafuta a soya, mafuta a azitona, safflower, mpendadzuwa, chimanga. Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri zitha kuchepetsedwa. Amakweza mulingo wa LDL ndi VLDL wokwera kuposa gawo lina lililonse lazakudya. Nyama zonse, masamba (masamba a kanjedza ndi coconut) komanso mafuta a haidrojeni ndizambiri zokhala ndi mafuta.
3. Osamadya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndimafuta a trans.Ali m'gulu la hydrogenated ndipo vuto lomwe ali nalo limakhala lokwera pamtima kuposa mafuta. Wopangayo akuwonetsa zonse zokhudza kuthira mafuta pazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa.

Zofunika! Lekani kudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol. Kuchepetsa kudya mafuta amthupi "oyipa" (LDL ndi VLDL) m'thupi, ndikokwanira kukana zakudya zamafuta (makamaka mafuta odzaza).

Kupanda kutero, LDL idzakhala yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa yabwinobwino.

Zinthu zomwe cholesterol imakwezedwa:

• mazira
• mkaka wonse
• otchera
• osoweka
• ziwalo zanyama, makamaka chiwindi.

Kusanthula kumatsimikizira kuti kutsitsa mafuta m'thupi kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azomera azitha kudya.

Zomera za CHomera Zomera:

Ndikofunika kuti muchotse mapaundi owonjezera pa thupi ngati kulemera kwake kuli kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwazonse. Ndi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri komwe cholesterol imakonda kukwezedwa. Ngati mungayesere kutaya makilogalamu 5-10, izi zimakhudzanso chisonyezo cha cholesterol ndikuwongolera mankhwalawa, monga akuwonetsa kuyezetsa magazi.

Chongani zomwe zalembedwazo zithandiza chida choyeza mafuta m'thupi.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikanso. Zimagwira ntchito yayikulu kwambiri kuti mtima ukhale wabwino. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kuyamba kuthamanga, kuyendetsa njinga, kutenga kulembetsa ku dziwe losambira. Kuyambika kwamasukulu, kuyezetsa magazi kulikonse kukuwonetsa kuti cholesterol sikukwezanso.

Ngakhale oyambira kukwera masitepe (okwera bwino) ndikukhala ndiulimi kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino mthupi lonse makamaka makamaka pakuchepetsa cholesterol.

Kusuta kuyenera kusiyidwa kamodzi kokha. Kuphatikiza apo chizolowezi chimavulaza mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, chimakwezeranso kuchuluka kwa mafuta a cholesterol kuposa abwinobwino. Pambuyo pazaka 20 ndi kuposerapo, kuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kuyenera kutengedwa kamodzi pazaka zisanu.

Kodi kusanthula kumachitika bwanji?

Mbiri ya lipoprotein.

Kupanga zizindikirozo kukhala zofunikira, kusanthula kuyenera kuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ndi zaka, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumasintha, mulingo udzachulukidwa mulimonse.

Njira imeneyi imawonekera makamaka mwa azimayi panthawi yakusamba. Kuphatikiza apo, pali chikhalidwe chobadwa nacho cha hypercholesterolemia.

Chifukwa chake, sizopweteka kufunsa achibale awo za zomwe amalemba mu cholesterol (ngati kusanthula koteroko kunachitika), kuti mudziwe ngati zizindikiro zonse zili pamwamba pa chizolowezi.

Ngati mulingo wa cholesterol m'mwazi ndiwokwezeka, izi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda a mtima apite. Chifukwa chake, kuti akwaniritse kutsika kwa chizindikiro ichi mwa wodwala ndikupereka chithandizo cholondola, dokotala ayenera kuganizira zifukwa zonse, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kusuta
• kupezeka kwa matenda amtima mwa abale,
• zaka odwala (amuna pambuyo pa 45, akazi pambuyo zaka 55),
• HDL yachepa (≤ 40).

Odwala ena adzafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala, ndiye kuti, kusankha mankhwala omwe amachepetsa lipids yamagazi. Koma ngakhale mutamwa mankhwala, munthu sayenera kuyiwala pakuwona zakudya zoyenera ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Masiku ano, pali mitundu yonse yamankhwala omwe amathandizira kuti azisungabe metabolid yolondola. Chithandizo chokwanira chidzasankhidwa ndi dokotala - endocrinologist.

Njira zachilengedwe zokulitsira cholesterol ya HDL

Zochita zanu zimakhudzanso cholesterol ya HDL. Chifukwa chake, kusintha moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku ndikuwongolera machitidwe anu, monga kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kungayambitse kuchuluka kwamatenda apamwamba a lipoprotein, omwe amachepetsa chiopsezo cha mavuto azaumoyo.

Mitundu yanu imathandizira kudziwa momwe thupi lanu limatulutsa bwino HDL ndi mitundu ina ya cholesterol. Simungathe kusinthitsa majini anu, koma mutha kuwongolera moyo wanu. Nazi njira zina zosavuta zomwe mungakulitsire cholesterol yanu ya HDL:

High density lipoproteins - ndi chiyani ndipo ndi ziti zomwe zikuonetsa

Cholesterol, yomwe imazungulira momasuka m'magazi otumphukira, imagawika magawo awiri - "chabwino" (HDL) cholesterol ndi "yoyipa" - LDL. Kupatukana uku kumalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito ndi zofunikira za mtundu uliwonse.

LDL (otsika kachulukidwe cholesterol) amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga zotupa za mtima. Mamolekyu a chidutswachi amathandizana ndikupanga maubungwe pakati pa ulusi wa endothelial. Kotero njira ya sclerosis ya mtima khoma imayamba, mwa kuyankhula kwina - atherosulinosis imayamba. Awa ndi matenda oopsa omwe akhala akusokoneza thanzi la mtima ndi zaka ndikupangitsa kugunda kwamtima, stroko, ischemic, komanso aneurysms.

HDL ndi "wabwino" mafuta m'thupi. Ili ndi dzina lake m'zinthu. Mamolekyulu omwe amapanga HDL cholinga chake ndikuchotsa cholesterol yochulukirapo kuzinthu za ziwalo ndi khoma lamitsempha. Monga lamulo, malingaliro abwinobwino a HDL ndi otsika kwambiri - kukhazikika kwawo m'magazi kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 0.7 mpaka 1.94 mmol / l, onse mwa amuna ndi akazi.

Mwatsatanetsatane, zofunikira za cholesterol zofunikira zimawonetsedwa ndi zaka mu tebulo pansipa.

HDL yoposa yachilendo - zikutanthauza chiyani. Amakhulupirira kuti ngati HDL ipezeka ndi HDL yowonjezereka, zoopsa zochokera m'madongosolo oyendetsera magazi zimachepetsa kwambiri. Komabe, malire apamwamba a chizolowezi amakhazikitsidwa pazifukwa. Ngakhale kuwonjezeka kwa HDL pakokha sikubweretsa ngozi iliyonse, kumatha kuwunikira njira zingapo zoyipa mthupi.

Kulera cholesterol yabwino nkosowa. Kusiyana ndi nthawi ya kubereka, pamene magawo onse a kusanthula kwa zamankhwala am'mwazi amatha kukhala apamwamba kuposa zomwe akutchulidwa ndipo amawerengedwa ngati chizolowezi chachilengedwe. Placenta ili ndi cholesterol kapangidwe, chifukwa chake, mapangidwe ake, mapuloteni onyamula ambiri omwe ali ndi lipids amafunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, gawo lomwe limakhalanso mafuta, kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa zosowa zawo.

Muzochitika zambiri zamankhwala, ngati cholesterol ya HDL imakwezedwa, izi zikutanthauza kuti chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis kapena matenda ena a mtima ndi otsika kwambiri. Pofanana ndi izi, ma lipoprotein okwera akhoza kukhala ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi:

• Kuledzera. Chifukwa cha chiwindi chomwe chimayambitsa chiwindi, ntchito zake zimalephera. HDL Yokwera ndi imodzi mwazolemba mu njirayi.
• Biliary cirrhosis.
• Hepatic pathologies - mafuta hepatosis, momwe momwe amaphatikizira njira zake ndizomwe amapangira lipoprotein a zigawo zonse.
• Motsatira hypercholesterolemia. Mu matendawa, kuchuluka kwamitundu iwiri ya zamadzimadzi, motero, kuti tithe kukhazikitsa matenda, ndikofunikira kulabadira osati za HDL, komanso zina zonse zowonjezera mbiri ya lipid.
• Matenda a chithokomiro - hypothyroidism.
• Zakudya zopanda thanzi - kudya zakudya zochuluka kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndimafuta a nyama.
• Ntchito zopanda pake ndi zoyipa, moyo wopanda ntchito. Ma mamolekyulu a cholesterol ndi malo ocheperako mphamvu m'magazi. Amatengedwa kupita ku minofu ndi ziwalo zina zamagetsi. Munthu akakhala moyo wongokhala, cholesterol siyofunika chifukwa kuchuluka komwe kumapezeka m'magazi. Chifukwa chopanda ntchito, izi zowonjezereka zimatha kusintha ndikukhala kachulukidwe kakang'ono ndikuyamba kukhazikika pamitsempha yotupa ya mtima.
• Kusuta

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala, kuchuluka kwa HDL nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kusowa kwa chakudya komanso kudya mafuta ochulukirapo mu chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya zimakhala ndi gawo loyenera la cholesterol m'malo otsika kwambiri komanso okwera. Chifukwa chake, ndi malingaliro oterowo, kutsatira "HDL", cholesterol "yoyipa" ndi triglycerides m'magazi imatha kukhudzidwa.

Zoyenera kuchita komanso kuchepetsa

Kutengera luso la HDL lokwezeka chabe, sizingatheke kukhazikitsa matenda kapena kupereka malingaliro. Ndikofunikira kuwona zowonetsera zamtundu wa lipid zowonjezereka - kuchuluka kwa kuyesa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol yathunthu, kachigawo kake koyipa ndi kabwino, triglycerides, ndi coheroffi ya atherogenic. Kutengera ndi chithunzi chonse chachipatalachi, dokotalayo angapange mankhwala ena.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri cholesterol yapamwamba (HDL) ndizakudya zopanda malire, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso zizolowezi zoipa. Pofuna kusintha mawonekedwe a lipid, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu pazotsatira zamtunduwu.

Zakudya za tsiku lililonse zimalimbikitsidwa. Nyama zamafuta, mafuta anyama, zonunkhira, zokazinga, zotuta, chakudya chothamanga ndi mafuta amkaka omwe saphikidwa kuti apangidwe. Zokonda zimaperekedwa kuti zibzalidwe, zomwe sizimangokhala zofunikira mu HDL ndi LDL, komanso ndizopindulitsa zingapo pa macroorganism.

Kusankhidwa mwapadera kwa HDL mu mbiri ya lipid kuti ikhale yamtengo wapatali sichizindikiro chakufotokozera mankhwala ndipo amasinthidwa ndi chithandizo cha zakudya. Ngati kupatuka kwazizolowezi ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo magawo angapo a lipid akhudzidwa, ndiye atakambirana, adokotala angadziwike mankhwala kuchokera ku gulu la ma statins - Rosart, Rosuvastatin, Atorvastatin ndi ena.

Kuwongolera mbiri ya Lipid ndikofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wathanzi, makamaka kwa anthu okalamba. Maselo ambiri amitsempha yama mtima ndi mtima amakhala ndi nthawi ya asymptomatic, yomwe imatha kupezeka pokhapokha malinga ndi mayeso a labotale. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zochulukirapo pang'ono, muyenera kulankhulana ndi katswiri kuti mupeze chithandizo pa nthawi yake komanso kupewa zovuta zake.

Tanthauzo la HDL

Pafupifupi 80% ya cholesterol imapangidwa m'thupi, yotupa. 20% yotsala imalowetsedwa ndi chakudya. Izi zimaphatikizidwa ndikupanga mahomoni, mapangidwe a membrane wam'mimba ndi ma asidi a bile. Cholesterol ndi chinthu chosasungunuka bwino mu zakumwa. Kuyendetsa kwake kumathandizidwa ndi chipolopolo chopangidwa, chomwe chimakhala ndi mapuloteni apadera - apolipoproteins.

Pulogalamuyi - mapuloteni okhala ndi cholesterol - amatchedwa lipoprotein. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chinthuchi imazungulira m'matumbo, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwezo (mapuloteni ndi cholesterol). Zochulukirapo zokha za zigawozo ndizosiyana.

Pali ma lipoproteins:

• kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri (VLDL),
• kachulukidwe kakang'ono (LDL)
• kukala kwambiri (HDL).

Mitundu iwiri yoyambayo imakhala ndi cholesterol yaying'ono, ili pafupifupi yonse yokhala ndi mapuloteni. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani ngati HDL yatsitsidwa, mutha kukaonana ndi dokotala. Popeza kuchuluka kwamapuloteni ambiri kumachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, ndiye kuti HDL imatchula "cholesterol yabwino."

Cholinga chachikulu cha HDL ndikuyendetsa lipids yowonjezera ku chiwindi, ndi cholinga chokonzanso. Mtundu wamtunduwu umatchedwa wabwino, umakhala ndi 30% ya cholesterol yamagazi. Ngati pazifukwa zina LDL imaposa HDL, ndiye kuti imakhala yodzala ndi mapangidwe a atherosulinotic, omwe, akaphatikizidwa m'matumba, amatha kuyambitsa matenda oopsa a dongosolo la SS, makamaka kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko.

Zizindikiro zofananira

Magulu a cholesterol abwino amatha kusiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha HDL ndi munthu aliyense payekhapayekha.Ngati HDL ili yotsika, zikutanthauza kuti chiopsezo cha matenda monga atherosulinosis ndichokwera kwambiri.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zotsatirazi, mutha kudziwa kuopsa kwa matenda a CVD:

1. HDL ya 1.0 mmol / L mwa munthu wamkulu ndi 1,3 mmol / L mwa akazi imawonetsa chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis.
2. Zizindikiro mwa oyimira theka lolimba la anthu komanso azimayi zimawonetseranso kuchuluka komwe kungawonekere kwa matenda.
3. Chizindikiro cha 1.55 mmol / L chikuwonetsa kuchepa kwamatenda.

Zizindikiro zovomerezeka za cholesterol ya LDL kwa mwana wosakwana zaka 14 ndi ya msungwana wazaka - mmol / l, kwa bambo wachichepere - kwa mkazi wazaka zosakwana 30 - kwa bambo wazaka zofanana - akazi azaka wazaka - amuna - akazi opitirira 40 - amuna -

Ngati HDL idatsitsidwa, zikutanthauza kuti pali chiopsezo cha CVD pathologies. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kufotokozera zomwe zimayambitsa ndikupanga njira zowonjezera cholesterol yoyenera.

High Density Cholesterol: Zimayambitsa Kuchepa ndi Njira Zosinthira Ma Level a HDL

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba m'thupi kumatha. Momwe mungakwezere cholesterol yapamwamba kwambiri (cholesterol yabwino, yomwe imathandizira pakuchotsa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi kupita m'chiwindi), imatha kuonana ndi dokotala.

Kutsitsa cholesterol yayitali kwambiri kumayambitsa zifukwa zotsatirazi:

1. Kukhala wonenepa kwambiri kapena wonenepa kwambiri. Izi matenda amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa milingo ya HDL chifukwa cha kusintha komwe kumachitika mu lipid metabolism.
2. Zakudya zopanda pake komanso moyo wopanda ntchito. Kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa zakudya zamafuta okhathamira ndi mafuta, kusowa kwa chakudya, kudya panjira, kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya mwachangu komanso zakudya zosavuta posachedwa kumapangitsa kuti cholesterol plaque iwoneke m'matumbo ndikuchepetsa kutuluka kwawo mthupi. Kukhala ndi moyo wotsika ntchito kumathandizira kuti magazi a magazi azikula kwambiri.
3. Kukhalapo kwa pathologies kumachitika mu mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Ma pathologies ena amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri cholesterol yabwino. Chifukwa cha pathological process, mawonekedwe a zolephera mu njira za metabolic amadziwika. Kuchepa kwa kugundidwa kwa zinthu kungakhale chifukwa cha hepatitis, oncological pathologies, matenda a chithokomiro, komanso matenda amitsempha.
4. Kukhalapo kwa zizolowezi. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kumwa mowa kwambiri, monga kusuta, kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa cholesterol yabwino m'magazi.
5. Kumwa mankhwala. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika amayenera kumwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana m'miyoyo yawo yonse kuti akhale athanzi komanso kupewa matenda. Mankhwala ambiri amakono amawononga mafuta kagayidwe ndipo amachititsa kuti pakhale zolephera. Kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyenera kumayambitsidwa, monga lamulo, potenga diuretics, anabolic steroids, beta-blockers.
6. Kuperewera kwa mahomoni. Matenda a mahomoni panthawi ya gestation amatsogolera kutsika kwa ndende ya HDL. Matenda amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amakhudza chaka kapena ziwiri pambuyo pobadwa. Kusamba kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa milingo ya estrogen. Kukumana kwa HDL kumadalira mwachindunji estrogen, chifukwa mahomoni awa amaphatikizidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe wa cholesterol yabwino. Dokotala amatha kudziwa mankhwala a mahomoni, makamaka, kumwa Climodien.
7. Kupezeka kwa matenda a impso ndi kwamikodzo dongosolo, matenda a chiwindi, uchidakwa, matenda oopsa, matenda ashuga, matenda a CVD.

Zizindikiro

Kupatuka pa chizolowezi chabwino cha cholesterol sikudutsa popanda kufufuza. Ngati cholesterol yapamwamba kwambiri imatsitsidwa, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kusayenda bwino kwa zochita za metabolic, makamaka mafuta kagayidwe.

Matendawo amaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe awa:

• mawonekedwe a xanthomas (mafuta achikasu achikasu +
• kuchepetsa ndende
• kusokonezeka kukumbukira
• Kutupa kwa zala zakumwamba komanso zotsika,
• arrhythmia (kusinthasintha kwazinthu za mtima ndi palpitations)
• kupuma movutikira (kumachitika pakapita nthawi yayitali komanso pambuyo pa kupsinjika).

Maonekedwe a Symbcatology zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa chopendekeka kwa minyewa yam'mimba chifukwa cha mapangidwe a cholesterol malo ake.

Kutsika kwakanthawi pamlingo wa lipids zabwino kumadzala ndi magazi. M'tsogolomu, kuzungulira kwazinthu zina m'malo ena athupi kumatha.

Njira zosinthira mtundu wa HDL ndi chithandizo

Pofuna kuteteza matenda a lipids ambiri m'thupi, mankhwala otsatirawa ndi omwe amaperekedwa:

• Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors: Ezetrol. Zimathandizira kupewa kuyamwa kwa mafuta m'matumbo.
• Otsatira a bile acid: Cholestyramine, Colestipol. Mankhwala mu gululi amalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka bile acid ndi chiwindi.
• Fibratov: Clofibrate, Fenofibrate, ndi Gemfibrozil.
• Madera: Cerivastatin, Lovastatin, Fluvastatin. Pangani zomwe mukulepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka HDL ndikutchingira ma enzymes ogwirizana m'chiwindi.

Magazi a cholesterol amayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la CCC, onenepa kwambiri, onenepa kwambiri, komanso omwe amakhala ndi moyo wosatekeseka, kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti pofuna kuchepetsa matenda a cholesterol m'magazi, kumwa mankhwala okha.

Choyamba, anthu omwe amakumana ndi vuto ayenera kusintha moyo wawo:

• Pitani kumasewera kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Aerobics, kuthamanga, kusambira, kukwera maulendo kapena kukwera njinga - zonsezi zimathandiza kukonza mkhalidwe wabwino komanso kukhala bwino ndikukula kwa HDL.
• Zakudya zoyenera komanso zopatsa thanzi zimathandizira kuti magazi a magazi akhale athanzi. Kuchotsa zakudya zamafuta, yokazinga, mchere, zakudya zonunkhira, zokhwasula-khwasula, chakudya chophweka, ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimalimbikitsidwa. Kulemeretsa zakudya ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi ulusi wazomera - tirigu wathunthu, masamba ndi zipatso sizingathandize pakukonza zolemetsa, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa HDL.
• Madokotala ndi akatswiri azaumoyo amalimbikitsa kuti muchepetse zakudya zomwe zimapezeka mumafuta ambiri, mafuta a trans, ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri. Zakudya zotere zimapweteketsa thupi, makamaka ngati zimadyedwa kwambiri.
• Lekani kusuta fodya komanso mowa. Kutha kwa uchidakwa kumathandizira kuti pakhale mafuta ambiri.

Kupewa

Kupewa mavuto azaumoyo, makamaka kuchepetsa HDL, ndikosavuta kuposa kuwachiritsa pambuyo pake. Pofuna kuti musadwale matenda, tikulimbikitsidwa kudya moyenerera, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa, kusewera masewera.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mafuta mu metabolism amalimbikitsidwa:

• thandizani matenda oopsa, kumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wakulemberani munthawi yake,
• kumwa pafupipafupi ma antiplatelet othandizira, mwachitsanzo, acetylsalicylic acid,
• kuchitira matenda osachiritsika
• khalani ndi mayeso a kolesterol,
• kutsatira nicotinic acid
• khalani ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.

High Density Lipoproteins (HDL): Kodi izi ndi chiyani ndi ntchito zawo, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira zake

Palibe chowopsa kwa thupi pakukula kwa HDL. Gawo la cholesterol limatchedwa "chabwino", silimakhazikika pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi ndipo silimayambitsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis.

Koma, monga chizindikiro chilichonse, kufunika kwa HDL kuyenera kuwongoleredwa. Kupatuka kumatha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda akulu.

Nkhaniyi iona ntchito yayikulu ya HDL ndi zifukwa zopatuka kwa chizindikirocho pozindikira.

Cholesterol ndi high density lipoproteins (HDL): ndi chiyani?

Cholesterol - Iyi ndi njira yovomerezeka yamafuta m'thupi.Mwanjira iyi, imalowa mu minofu, ndipo imapangidwa kuchokera ku triglycerides - zinthu zosokonekera zamafuta m'mimba yaying'ono. Mthupi la munthu, cholesterol imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

• ndi chida chomanga, ndi gawo la makoma amnyumba,
• kukonzedwa mu minofu ndi kutulutsidwa mphamvu kwa biochemical zako,
• amatenga nawo gawo pamagulu a mahomoni ogonana (mwa amuna ndi akazi).

Pafupifupi 80% ya zinthuyo imapangidwa m'chiwindi. Chiwalocho chimasintha mafuta omwe akubwera kukhala mamolekyu a cholesterol. Pafupifupi 20% amalowa mthupi kuchokera kunja. Cholesterol imapezeka mu nsomba za caviar, nyama yamafuta, margarine ndi zakudya yokazinga (sizipezeka mumafuta a masamba okha, koma mapangidwe ake amapezeka nthawi yokazinga).

Zochita zamitundu mitundu mthupi la munthu zimangochitika zokha. Thupi limakhala ndi cholesterol yovomerezeka ndi triglycerides m'magazi moyenera, ngakhale ndizotheka. Mafuta ochulukirapo mumtsinje wamagazi "amatengedwa" ndi akatswiri azachuma - milingo yapamwamba yapamwamba (HDL, HDL).

Izi ndizophatikiza mapuloteni ndi mamolekyulu amafuta. Zidutswa zamafuta zimangirizidwa m'matumba; pamtundu wawo amapezeka mapuloteni - ma receptor. Amakhala ndi chidwi ndi maselo a chiwindi ndipo potero amasamutsa iwo mosagwirizana ndi komwe akupita.

Pali magawo ena a cholesterol - LDL ndi VLDL (otsika komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoproteins). Awa ndi matumba ofanana, koma alibe mapuloteni. Mwanjira imeneyi, cholesterol kuchokera ku chiwindi imafalikira mpaka minofu. Ndi LDL ndi VLDL zomwe zimangokhala m'matumba ndikupanga cholesterol malo. Izi tizigawo timawonedwa kuti ndi cholesterol "yoyipa".

Kuchulukana kwamankhwala kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kakhazikitsidwe ka kuchuluka kwa maselo amafuta m'thumba mpaka kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe ali pamwamba pake.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa HDL, zizindikirazo ndizopanda pake. Ndikosatheka kudziwa kupatuka kwa iwo. Zotsatira zodalirika zimaperekedwa ndi kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi. Zomangamanga zimatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala. Pambuyo pofufuza mu labotale, mbiri ya lipid yamagazi imapangidwa (mulingo wambiri wazigawo zosiyanasiyana za mamolekyulu amafuta). Zimaphatikizapo: HDL, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol yathunthu, triglycerides.

Kusanthula kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pamimba yopanda kanthu, simungathe kudya maola 8 musanachitike njirayi, imwani mankhwala, inunso. Amatha kusintha zolakwika. Ndi zoletsedwa kumwa mowa masiku awiri asanafike pokonza.

Kuchulukitsa kwa HDL kumatsimikiziridwa osati kokha ndi mtundu wa phindu lake. Zigawo zonse za cholesterol zimawerengedwa, ndipo index ya atherogenic imawerengeredwa. Amawonetsa mkhalidwe wa metabolidi ya lipid ambiri. HDL imachotsedwa ku cholesterol yathunthu. Nambala yotsalayo imagawidwanso ndi HDL. Izi ndi zotsatira. Pokhapokha pofufuza mndandanda wa atherogenic pomwe tingalankhule za kupatuka kwa chidutswa chimodzi.

Mwa amayi ndi abambo, cholesterol chachilengedwe chimasiyana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a kagayidwe kake komanso thupi lonse. Thupi lachikazi limafunikira mafuta ochulukirapo, chifukwa ndiwo maziko a kaphatikizidwe ka estrogen (mahomoni achigololo achikazi).

Ndi zaka, kagayidwe kamachepetsa, ndipo chizolowezi cha HDL chikuwonjezeka. Chakudya cholesterol chimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono. HDL yochulukirapo ndiyofunika kuyinyamula ndikuwonjezera tizigawo tina ku chiwindi, apo ayi amakhazikika pamakoma a zotengera. Ngati ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri mwa okalamba amachepetsedwa, chiopsezo chokhala ndi atherosulinosis chikukula kwambiri.

Gome 1. Chikhalidwe cha HDL mwa akazi pofika zaka.

High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) - ndi chiyani

Nthawi zina, mukamayang'ana mawonekedwe a lipid, zimapezeka kuti mulingo wa HDL ukuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa: zikutanthauza chiyani? Powunikiranso, tiwona kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa ma lipoproteins apamwamba komanso otsika kwambiri, zifukwa zake ndi ziti pakupatuka kosanthula zakale kuchokera pazomwe zikuchitika, ndi njira ziti zowonjezerera.

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chonga mafuta m'thupi la munthu. Pali maphunziro ambiri azachipatala okhudzana ndi kuwopsa kwa mankhwala achilengedwe awa. Onsewa amamangirira cholesterol yamagazi yayikulu komanso matenda oopsa monga atherosulinosis.

Matenda a atherossteosis lero ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 50 ndipo amuna atatha zaka 40. M'zaka zaposachedwa, matenda a zam'mimba amapezeka mwa achinyamata komanso ngakhale ali ana.

Atherosulinosis imadziwika ndi mapangidwe a cholesterol amana khoma lamkati la ziwiya - ma atherosselotic plaques, omwe amachepetsa kwambiri lumen ya mitsempha ndikupanga kuphwanya kwamitsempha yamagazi mkati. Choyamba, makina omwe amagwira ntchito yambiri mphindi iliyonse ndipo amafunikira mpweya wambiri ndi michere - mtima ndi mitsempha yamthupi - zimakhudzidwa.

Mavuto ambiri a atherosulinosis ndi:

• discirculatory encephalopathy,
• ONMK mtundu wa ischemic - matenda am'mimba,
• matenda a mtima, angina pectoris,
• pachimake myocardial infaration,
• kuzungulira kwa mitsempha m'matumbo a impso, malekezero otsika.

Amadziwika kuti cholesterol yokwezeka imagwira ntchito yayikulu pakupanga matendawa. Kuti mumvetsetse momwe matenda a atherosclerosis amakulira, muyenera kudziwa zambiri zamankhwala am'thupi opangidwa m'thupi.

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chamapangidwe onenepa ngati mafuta, malinga ndi kapangidwe kazomwe zimapangidwira, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mafuta zamafuta. Mukamakamba za zoyipa zomwe zimachitika mthupi, musaiwale za zofunikira za chilengedwe zomwe chinthuchi chimachita:

• imalimbitsa nembanemba ya cytoplasmic ya khungu lililonse la thupi, imapangitsa kuti ikhale yokhazikika komanso yolimba,
• imayang'anira kupenyerera kwa linga la maselo, imalepheretsa kulowa kwa zinthu zina zapoizoni ndi ziphe za m'mitsempha ya cytoplasm,
• ndi gawo limodzi la adrenal gland - glucocorticosteroids, mineralocorticoids, mahomoni ogonana,
• amatenga nawo kapangidwe ka bile acid ndi vitamini D ndi maselo a chiwindi.

Ambiri mwa cholesterol (pafupifupi 80%) amapangidwa m'thupi ndi hepatocytes, ndipo 20% yokha imabwera ndi chakudya.

Maselo obzala alibe zokhala ndi lipids zofunikira, chifukwa chake, cholesterol yonse yakunja imalowa m'thupi monga gawo la mafuta a nyama - nyama, nsomba, nkhuku, mkaka ndi mkaka, mazira.

Cholesterol ya Endo native (intrinsic) imapangidwa m'maselo a chiwindi. Amakhala osavomerezeka m'madzi, chifukwa chake, amawatumiza kuti athe kulinga maselo ndi mapuloteni ena onyamula - apolipoproteins. Pazinthu zamankhwala zokhala ndi cholesterol ndi apolipoprotein amatchedwa lipoprotein (lipoprotein, LP). Kutengera ndi kukula kwake ndi ntchito zake, mankhwala onse agawidwa:

1. Osachepera kwambiri pacoproteins (VLDL, VLDLP) - kachigawo kakakulu kwambiri ka cholesterol, kokhala ndi triglycerides. Dawo lawo amatha kufikira 80 nm.
2. Lowensens lipoproteins (LDL, LDL) - tinthu tambiri tokhala ndi mapuloteni, okhala ndi molekyulu ya apolipoprotein ndi cholesterol yambiri. Pakatikati mwake ndi -18-26 nm.
3. High density lipoproteins (HDL, HDL) - kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri ka cholesterol, m'mimba mwake tinthu tomwe timaposa 10-11 nm. Kuchuluka kwa gawo lama protein mu kapangidwe kake kumachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta.

Otsitsa kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoproteins (LDL - makamaka) ndizigawo za atherogenic za cholesterol. Tinthu tating'onoting'onoting'ono komanso tambiriyi ndi zovuta kuyendetsa mbali ya zotumphukira ndipo timatha "kutaya" gawo la ma molekyu a mafuta tikamayendetsa ziwalo zomwe tikufuna. Ma lipids oterowo amakhala pamtunda wamkati wamitsempha yamagazi, amalimbikitsidwa ndi minyewa yolumikizana, kenako amawerengera, ndikupanga cholembera chokhwima cha atherosrance. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo pakupangitsa kuti atherosclerosis atheke, LDL ndi VLDL amatchedwa cholesterol "yoyipa".

Ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri, m'malo mwake, amatha kuyeretsa ziwiya zamafuta am'madzi zomwe zimasonkhana pamtunda wawo. Zochepa komanso zazing'ono, zimagwira tinthu tokhala ndi lipid ndikuzipititsa ku hepatocytes kuti ziwonjezeke mu bile acid ndi chimbudzi kuchokera m'thupi kudzera m'mimba. Chifukwa cha kuthekera uku, cholesterol ya HDL imatchedwa "chabwino."

Chifukwa chake, si mafuta onse m'thupi amene ndi oyipa. Kuthekera kwa kukulitsa kwa atherosulinosis mwa wodwala aliyense sikuwonetsedwa kokha ndi chisonyezo cha OX (cholesterol yathunthu) poyesa magazi, komanso ndi chiyerekezo cha LDL ndi HDL. Mokulira kachigawo koyamba komanso kotsika - chachiwiri, ndikoyenera kuti kakulidwe ka dyslipidemia ndikupanga mapangidwe a atherosranceotic pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi. Chiyanjano chophatikizika ndichowonanso: kuwonjezeka kwa HDL kumatha kuonedwa ngati chiopsezo chochepa chotengera atherosulinosis.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumatha kuchitika ngati gawo la mbiri ya lipid - kuwunika kokwanira kwama metabolism m'thupi, kapena modziimira. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mayeso ndi odalirika momwe angathere, odwala akuyenera kutsatira izi:

1. Ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri amawunika kwambiri m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa (kuyambira pafupifupi 8.00 mpaka 10,00).
2. Chakudya chotsiriza chikuyenera kukhala maola 1010 musanayambe kutumizidwa.
3. Masiku atatu pamaso pa mayeso, kupatula zakudya zanu zonse zokhala ndi mafuta okazinga.
4. Ngati mukumwa mankhwala aliwonse (kuphatikizapo mavitamini ndi zakudya zowonjezera), onetsetsani kuti mwamuuza dokotala za izi. Mwina angakulangizeni kuti musamamwe mapiritsiwo kwa masiku awiri 2-3 musanayesedwe. Makamaka zimakhudza zotsatira zoyeserera zimatenga maantibayotiki, mahomoni, mavitamini, omega-3, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, etc.
5. Osasuta osachepera mphindi 30 musanayesedwe.
6. Musanalowe m'chipinda choperekera magazi, khalani mphindi 5-10 m'malo opanda phokoso ndikuyesera kuti musachite mantha.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri, magazi nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha. Mchitidwewo pawokha umatenga mphindi imodzi kapena zitatu, ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakhala zokonzekera tsiku lotsatira (nthawi zina - patatha maola angapo). Pamodzi ndi zomwe zapezedwa, zomwe zimatchulidwa mu labotale nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa pa fomu yosanthula. Izi zimachitika kuti zitheke kufotokozera za mayeso ozindikira.

Madokotala amalimbikitsa kupereka magazi pafupipafupi kuti adziwe cholesterol yathunthu ya amuna ndi akazi omwe afika zaka 25-35. Ngakhale ndi ma lipid abwinobwino, mayesowa amayenera kubwerezedwa zaka zisanu zilizonse.

Ndipo kodi lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri iyenera kukhala bwanji pamunthu wathanzi? Zomwe zimachitika mwa amayi ndi abambo mu gawo lama cholesterol lino zimakhala zosiyanasiyana. Miyezo yapamwamba ya lipid imawonetsedwa patebulo pansipa.

Malinga ndi likulu lofufuzira la Nice, kutsika kwa 5 mg / dl mu milingo yayikulu kwambiri yaopoprotein kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha vuto la misempha yovuta kwambiri (kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko) ndi 25%.

Kuti muwone kuopsa kwa kukhala ndi atherosulinosis, komanso zovuta zake zovuta komanso zovuta, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri kuti ikhale cholesterol.

Ngati HDL idatsitsidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa atherogenic lipids, wodwalayo mwina kale ali ndi mawonekedwe a atherosulinosis. Pamene atchulidwapu kwambiri ndi dyslipidemia, yogwira kwambiri ndikupanga cholesterol zolembera mthupi.

Kukula sikumapezeka nthawi zambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa cholesterol komwe kulibe: kuchuluka kwambiri kwa lipoprotein m'thupi, kumachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi atherosulinosis.

Mwapadera, kusokonezeka kwakukulu mu metabolism yamafuta kumawonedwa, ndipo HDL imachulukirachulukira. Zomwe zingayambitse izi:

• cholowa cholowa,
• aakulu a chiwindi
• Kusintha kwa ma cirrhotic mu chiwindi,
• kuledzera
• uchidakwa.

Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyamba chithandizo cha matenda oyambitsidwa.Njira zachindunji zopangidwira kuchepetsa mulingo wa HDL m'mankhwala sizinapangidwe. Ndi gawo laling'onoli la cholesterol lomwe limatha kuchotsa ziwiya zamatumbo ndikuwonetsetsa kupewa kwa atherosermosis.

Mitundu yotsika ya HDL m'thupi imakhala yochulukirapo kuposa yapamwamba. Kupatuka koteroko kusanthula pamtunduwu kungalumikizidwe ndi:

• matenda a shuga, hypothyroidism ndi zovuta zina zamafuta,
• matenda a chiwindi: hepatitis, cirrhosis, khansa,
• matenda a impso
• cholowa (cha chibadwa) mtundu wa IV hyperlipoproteinemia,
• pachimake matenda opatsirana
• kudya kwambiri michere ya atherogenic ya cholesterol ndi chakudya.

Ndikofunikira kuthetsa zoyambitsa zomwe zilipo ndipo, ngati zingatheke, kukweza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya HDL kukhala yoyenera. Momwe mungachite izi, lingalirani gawo ili pansipa.

Ndikothekanso kukulitsa zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwa milingo yambiri m'magazi ngati magawo amatengedwa kuti akonzere kadyedwe, momwe amakhalira komanso kusintha thupi. Ngati dyslipidemia idayamba chifukwa cha matenda aliwonse am'kati, zoyambitsa ziyenera kuchotsedwa ngati zingatheke.

Moyo ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe odwala omwe ali ndi HDL yotsika ayenera kuyang'anira. Tsatirani malangizo a madokotala:

Ndipo zachidziwikire, pitani kwa dokotala wanu pafupipafupi. Ntchito yolumikizana ndi othandizira imathandizira kuti kagayidwe kake kamvekedwe mofulumira komanso moyenera. Musanyalanyaze mawonekedwe omwe katswiri wofufuzira adamuyeza, samalani pakanthawi 1 m'miyezi 3-6 ndikuyang'ana mitsempha ya mtima ndi ubongo pamene zizindikiro zakuperewera kwa magazi ku ziwalo izi zimachitika.

Thanzi ndilofunikanso ku dyslipidemia. Mfundo zachakudya zochiritsa zomwe zingakulitse kuchuluka kwa HDL ndizophatikiza:

1. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi (mpaka katatu pa tsiku), m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
2. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zopatsa mphamvu ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kubwezeretsanso ndalama zamagetsi, koma osati zochulukirapo. Mtengo wapakati uli pa 2300-2500 kcal.
3. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowa mthupi tsiku lonse sikuyenera kupitirira 25-30% ya zopatsa mphamvu zonse za kalori. Mwa awa, ambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti apatsidwe mafuta osakwaniritsidwa (cholesterol yotsika).
4. Kuchotsera zakudya zomwe zili ndi cholesterol “yoyipa kwambiri”: mafuta anyama, mafuta am'mimba, ubongo: impso, impso, mitundu ya tchizi, margarine, mafuta ophikira.
5. Kuchepetsa malire a zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi LDL. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, nyama ndi nkhuku zokhala ndi chakudya cha hypocholesterol tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musadye mopitilira katatu pa sabata. Ndikwabwino m'malo mwake ndi mapuloteni apamwamba azamasamba - soya, nyemba.
6. Kukwanira mokwanira kwa fiber. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ziyenera kukhala maziko a odwala omwe ali ndi atherosulinosis. Amakhala ndi phindu pamagwiridwe am'mimba ndipo mosakhudza zimawonjezera kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa HDL m'chiwindi.
7. Kuphatikizidwa muzakudya zamasiku onse za chinangwa: oat, rye, etc.
8. Kuphatikizidwa muzakudya zomwe zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa HDL: nsomba zam'nyanja zamchere, mtedza, mafuta achilengedwe zamasamba - maolivi, mpendadzuwa, mbewu ya dzungu, etc.

HDL itha kudzutsidwa ndi chakudya chamagulu omwe ali ndi omega-3 polyunsaturated mafuta acids okhala ndi "kunja" cholesterol yabwino.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 25% ya anthu padziko lapansi azaka zopitilira 40 amadwala atherosclerosis. Chaka ndi chaka, izi zikuchulukirachulukira pakati pa achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 25-30. Kusokonekera kwa kagayidwe ka mafuta m'thupi ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limafuna njira yophatikizira komanso chithandizo chakanthawi. Ndipo kusintha kwa mulingo wa HDL pakuwunika sikuyenera kupita podziwika ndi katswiri.

Ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri amayendayenda m'madzi a m'magazi. Katundu wawo wamkulu ndi anti-atherogenic. Ndi ma lipoprotein awa omwe amateteza ziwiya kuti zisamatulutsidwe ndi ziphuphu za atherosrance?Pa malowa, iwo (HDL) amatchedwa cholesterol yabwino, chifukwa amachotsanso cholesterol yowonjezera ponyamula ku chiwindi. Odwala ena ali ndi nkhawa kuti cholesterol ya HDL imakwezedwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa magazi. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, makamaka, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a mtima.

HDL imapereka kukonza ndikuchotsa mafuta m'thupi, motero amatchedwa cholesterol yabwino.

Zomwe zili mu LDL ndi cholesterol yathunthu imawunikiranso. Ndikofunikira kudziwa chifukwa cha zomwe zigawo za lipoproteins zomwe zimachulukana ndi cholesterol, kapena zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ziwerengero zake.

Kuti mudziwe phindu la cholesterol komanso lipoprotein yamaukosi osiyanasiyana, magazi amatulutsidwa kuchokera m'mitsempha m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso a labotale, mbiri ya lipid imapangidwa yomwe imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi a cholesterol, okwera, otsika komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoproteins, komanso triglycerides. Zizindikiro zonse zimawunikidwa koyamba pawokha, kenako limodzi.

Kuti mumvetsetse mutuwu, choyambirira, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe atherosulinosis ndi. Mwasayansi, uwu ndi matenda amitsempha omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa lipid ndi mapuloteni, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol komanso tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta lipoprotein mu lumen ya mitsempha yamagazi mu mawonekedwe a ma atheromatous plaques. Mwachidule, awa ndi madongosolo a cholesterol ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala mu khoma la chotengera, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake. Zotsatira zake, kuthamanga kwa magazi kukukulira. Kufikira kumaliza kumaliza. Pankhaniyi, magazi sakalowa chiwalo kapena nthambi ndi necrosis amatulutsa - necrosis.

Kukula kwa cholesterol ndi lipids m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi kumayambitsa atherosulinosis.

Ma lipoprotein onse amapanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana osalimba, ozungulira momasuka m'magazi. Ma lipids otsika kwambiri amakhala ochepa kwambiri (mwachilengedwe, pamtundu wa khungu) kotero kuti sangathe kulowa mkati mwa khoma lamitsempha. Kudzikundikira sikumachitika ndipo atherosulinosis yolongosoledwa pamwambapa siyipanga. Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ngati muwachulukitsa, ndiye kuti chitukuko cha kapamba, matenda a kapamba, ndizotheka.

Ma lipids ochepa-otsika kwambiri amatha kulowa mkatikati mwa chotengera. Kuphatikiza apo, pakufunika minofu ya thupi mwa iwo, lipids imadutsa mu mtsempha wowonjezereka, womwe umatchedwa "ku adilesi". Ngati palibe chosowa, ndipo kuponderezedwa m'magazi ndikokwera, ndiye LDL imalowa mkatikati ndi kukhalamo. Kupitilira apo, njira zosafunikira za oxidative zimachitika zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a atherosulinosis.

HDL ndi yaying'ono kwambiri mwa lipids izi. Ubwino wawo wagona poti amatha kulowa mkati mwa chotchinga ndikuchisiya mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi antioxidant momwe, amalepheretsa kusintha kwa lipids otsika kwambiri kukhala zigawo za atherosranceotic.

Cholesterol ya LDL imawonedwa kuti ndi "yoyipa", chifukwa ndi kuchuluka kwake m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi mumakhala malo omwe amatha kuletsa magazi kutuluka m'madzi, omwe amawopseza atherosclerosis ndipo amawonjezera kwambiri chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima (matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima) komanso sitiroko

Tsopano zikuwonekera bwino chifukwa chake lipids yapamwamba kwambiri imakonda kutchedwa cholesterol yabwino kapena yopindulitsa. Zimamvekanso bwino chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kuwunika osati cholesterol yathunthu, komanso zigawo zake.

Komabe, musachite mantha mukamawerenga limangiridwe pamwambapa. Izi sizitanthauza kuti zikwangwani zimangopezeka m'matumba, ndipo kumatuluka kwawo ndi nthawi yochepa chabe. Nthawi zambiri, milomo ya lipid imagwira ntchito pafupipafupi. Ndi zaka zokha, pamaso pa njira yolakwika kapena ndi ma pathologies osiyanasiyana, njirayi imaphwanyidwa. Kudzikundaku sikuchitika nthawi imodzi, pankhani ya mphindi kapena maola, koma m'malo mwake kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma osazengereza chithandizo.

Titha kuziwuza mosamala kuti otsika a lipoprotein awa ndiowopsa kuposa gawo lalitali. Ngati HDL imakwezedwa poyesa magazi, kuchuluka kwawo kumawoneka ngati chitetezo ku atherosulinosis, chinthu cha antiatherogenic. Mosakayikira, nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa chizindikirochi kumatha kudzetsa nkhawa, ndi kuchuluka kwambiri, lipoprotein yotsika kwambiri imataya katundu wawo woteteza.

Kuwonjezeka kwa milingo ya HDL sikowopsa!

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchulukitsa gawo lachigawo cha lipoprotein motere:

• Masinthidwe amtundu omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale zochulukitsa kapena kuchepa kwa chimbudzi cha cholesterol chabwino.
• Uchidakwa wokhazikika, makamaka pa gawo la matenda enaake.
• Cirrhosis yoyamba ya biliary.
• Hyperthyroidism
• Kumwa mankhwala ena: insulin, glucocorticoids.
• Banja hyperalphapipoproteinemia. Siziphatikizidwa ndi zisonyezo zilizonse, wodwalayo samavutitsa chilichonse, amabwera ngati zopezeka mwangozi.
• Mwinanso kuchuluka kwa amayi omwe akukonzekera kukhala mayi. Izi ndizowona makamaka mu mimba yakumapeto, pamene mtengo ungakhale pafupifupi pawiri.

Cholesterol yayikulu panthawi yoyembekezera imalumikizidwa ndikuti m'thupi mumakhala mukuwonjezeka kwa metabolidi ya lipid komanso kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni ndi maselo a adrenal

Zifukwa zokhala ndi zotsika za HDL:

• Matenda a shuga.
• Hyperlipoproteinemia mtundu IV.
• Matenda a impso ndi chiwindi.
• Pachimake mavairasi ndi bakiteriya matenda.

Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti chizindikiro chimodzi cha HDL si umboni wa izi kapena momwe thupi liliri. Itha kukumbukiridwa pokhapokha poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse ndi LDL.

Izi zikufotokozedwa, choyambirira, mu zomwe zimatchedwa cogenffic. Amawerengeredwa malinga ndi njira yotsatirayi: cholesterol yapamwamba kwambiri imachotsedwa ku cholesterol yathunthu, kenako chiwerengerocho ndikugawidwanso ndi HDL. Kukwanira komwe kumayesedwa ndikufanizira ndi malingaliro abwinobwino. Pafupifupi, sayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa 2,5-3,5 mwa amuna (kutengera zaka) komanso osaposa 2.2 mwa akazi. Mokulira, momwemonso chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Kutembenukira pamalingaliro osavuta a masamu, mutha kumvetsetsa kuti kukwera kolesterol kwathunthu ndi ma lipoprotein ochepera, ndizowonjezereka zomwe zimachitika, ndipo mosiyana. Zomwe zimatsimikiziranso ntchito yoteteza ya mapuloteni otsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati onse cholesterol ndi HDL ndikwezeka, izi zikutanthauza kuti kwakukulukuluko azikhala otsika, koma ayenera kuganizira kuchepetsa zomwe zimapezeka m'mafuta a cholesterol. Ngati HDL imangokwezedwa, izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa.

Ndikosatheka kuphatikiza mapuloteni okwera komanso otsika kwambiri kudzera pakuphatikizika kulikonse. Amadziyesa pawokha.

Ngati zifukwa zakuchulukira kwa lipoproteins zapamwamba sizikudziwika ndipo pali chisangalalo chifukwa cha thanzi lanu, ndiye kuti muyenera kupita kwa dokotala. Izi ndizowona ngati magazi adaperekedwa, mwachitsanzo, ngati gawo la mayeso a zamankhwala kapena pazifukwa zina sizokhudzana mwachindunji ndi kupita kwa dotolo kuti akumane ndi vuto la mtima.

Osadandaula ngati dokotala atakulemberani njira zina zowonetsera. Zimafunikira pofufuza kwathunthu zomwe zimayambitsa masinthidwe am magazi.

Masabata awiri isanachitike phunziroli, ndikofunikira kuletsa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mulids ya lipids m'magazi, ngati cholinga sichikuwonetsa momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira ndi mankhwalawa pakuwunikira

Malangizo a adotolo amakhala ndi ndemanga zosavuta, koma zofunika kwambiri. Poyamba, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta, makamaka, mafuta odzaza omwe amapezeka mu batala, mafuta, mafuta a mwanawankhosa, margarine ndi zinthu zina zingapo. Iyenera kusinthidwa ndi mafuta a polyunsaturated, omwe amaphatikizapo mafuta a azitona, nsomba za nsomba ndi zina. Ngati onenepa kwambiri, muyenera kutaya. Izi zimatheka mwa kusintha zakudya komanso kuwonjezera masewera olimbitsa thupi.Yesetsani kusiya kumwa kwambiri komanso kusiya kusuta fodya.

Malangizowa akuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi magazi abwinobwino, koma osafuna zovuta mtsogolo.

Ngati zizindikirozo zikupita kupitirira zikhalidwe zovomerezeka, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa angapangidwe ndi mankhwala. Koma magwiridwe ake azikhala ochulukirapo nthawi zambiri amakhazikikanso pamalangizo omwe ali pamwambawa.

Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yamagazi, komanso tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, poyang'ana koyamba, zitha kuwoneka zowopsa. Koma osadandaula komanso kuchita mantha pasadakhale.

Mafuta a cholesterol a HDL atakwera ndipo amatanthauza chiyani

Chithandizo cha pafupifupi mtima ndi misempha ya mtima yonse sichokwanira popanda kuwunika kuchuluka kwamagawo ambiri a cholesterol. Nthawi zina kuwunika kwa zigawo za lipid yamagazi kumawonetsa: cholesterol ya HDL imakwezedwa. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Chowonadi ndichakuti ma lipoproteins okwera amalepheretsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis. Koma kuchuluka kwa opsinjika kwambiri a lipoproteins kumawonjezera mwayi wamatenda am'mtima, stroko, komanso kusokoneza ntchito yamanjenje. Nthawi yomweyo, kusintha kwa milingo ya HDL kuposa zabwinobwino kumatha kuwonetsa zovuta zazikulu zaumoyo.

Amadziwika kuti cholesterol imachita mbali zingapo zofunika mthupi. Popanda zinthu izi, kugwira ntchito kwa selo lililonse kumakhala kosatheka. Cholesterol imakhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe ka mahomoni ena (testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, cortisol), ergocalciferol (vitamini D), komanso bile acid. Nthawi yomweyo, pali zambiri zambiri pazotsatira zoyipa za cholesterol m'thupi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa za cholesterol zili momwe zimapangidwira ndikukhazikika mumagazi. Mankhwala sakhala ophatikizika, koma amaphatikizanso lipoprotein, otsika komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoproteins. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala a triglycerides ndi cholesterol oxidation - oxysterols - amatha kuzungulira m'magazi. Zinapezeka kuti LDL, oxysterols ndi triglycerides amatenga nawo mbali popanga malo a atheromatous.

Ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri amasamutsa cholesterol ku chiwindi kuti awonjezere kukonza ndikuchotsa thupi. Mulingo wa HDL wokwera kwambiri, akamachita ntchito yawo, amateteza mapangidwe olowa mkati mwa zotengera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti cholesterol "yabwino" imalepheretsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis.

Vutoli ndi losiyana ndi otsika osalimba lipoproteins. Zida zake zimanyamula mafuta m'thupi m'maselo ndi m'mitsempha yamagazi. LDL ndiyenso choyambira kuphatikizira kwa mahomoni, vitamini D. Ngati mulingo wa lipoproteins wotsika kwambiri umakhala wokwezeka kuposa wabwinobwino, kuchuluka kwa ma cholesterol particles kumayamba kulanda makoma ochepa, ndikupanga mapangidwe a atherosulinotic. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa lumen ya mitsempha yamagazi komanso kukulitsa kwa ischemic pathologies (kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko).

"Zabwino" komanso "zoipa" cholesterol m'thupi zimagwirizana kwambiri. Amamulemera lipoprotein olemera kwambiri ndipo amalanda mafuta m'thupi a LDL. Ngati mulingo wa cholesterol "yoyipa" m'magazi utakhala wochepera kuposa wabwinobwino, umalephera kubwera ndi chakudya, chiwindi chimayamba kuphatikizira mwachangu. Kutsika kwa ndende ya HDL mumkhalidwe wofananowu kumabweretsa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis.

Triglycerides, kukhala gwero lamphamvu mthupi, komanso lipoproteins yocheperako imatha kukhudza mapangidwe a atherosranceotic plaques. Izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono pomwe mafuta ambiri m'magazi amakhala athanzi, ndipo cholesterol "chabwino", chifukwa cha zochepa zake, chimaleka kugwira ntchito yotumiza LDL.

Kuwonjezeka kwa triglycerides kumachitika pakudya kowonjezera pamafuta a nyama.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi mahomoni, komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ascorbic acid, kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha thrombosis, atherosulinosis.

Ma Ostersterols ali m'gulu lapakati lomwe limapangidwa pakapangidwe ka bile acid, mahomoni a steroid. Komabe, ma ooxsterol, omwe amalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku mitsempha yamagazi. Mitundu iyi imatha kuchititsa kuti mapangidwe a atherosclerotic akhazikike. Ma Ostersterols amapezeka m'mazira ambiri, mazira, nyama yowundana, nsomba, komanso ufa wa mkaka, batala ndi mafuta.

Nthawi zambiri, kuyezetsa magazi kwa tizigawo ta cholesterol ndi triglycerides kumadziwika ndi dokotala kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi mtima, endocrine pathologies, panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni. Kuwunikira kwa cholesterol sikuli kwina kwa amuna azaka zopitilira 35, ndi kwa akazi azaka zopitilira 40.

Phunziroli lisanachitike, masiku angapo saloledwa kudya zakudya zamafuta. Kusanthula kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika ndi kusuta musanatenge magazi chifukwa cha cholesterol kupotoza zotsatira za phunziroli.

Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yomwe imawononga thanzi la munthu, ndikofunikira kupenda magawo angapo. Ili ndiye mulingo wa cholesterol yathunthu, triglycerides, komanso kuchuluka kwa HDL ndi LDL m'magazi. Kwa abambo ndi amayi amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, zikhalidwe ndizosiyana.

Kutanthauzira ndi kuwunika kwa zomwe zimapezeka pakusanthula kwa magazi pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za lipids zimachitika ndi dokotala poganizira msinkhu komanso chikhalidwe cha munthu. Pali miyeso ina yomwe imapezeka mu cholesterol yathunthu, LDL, HDL, triglycerides kwa amayi ndi abambo. Zolemba zakuwunika ziyeneranso kukhala ndi index ya atherogenic. Chizindikirochi chimatanthawuza chiani pakati pa lipoprotein apamwamba ndi otsika kwambiri. Mwanjira ina, momwe "cholesterol" chabwino "chimapambanira" zoyipa. "

Nthawi zina, ma lipid mbiri (kuyesa kwa magazi pazigawo zingapo zamafuta) amasintha kukhala koyipa mothandizidwa ndi zolimbitsa thupi. Mwa amuna, cholesterol ndi triglycerides amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zaka. Mwa akazi, Zizindikiro za cholesterol "yoyipa" ndi lipids zimachulukitsidwa panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, atatha kusintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi. Lowensens lipoproteins ndi triglycerides ndi apamwamba kuposa abwinobwino mu zochitika zovuta, kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi.

Kuyesedwa kwa lipid yamagazi kuyenera kuphatikizapo chidziwitso pa cholesterol yonse. Zizindikiro za chizindikirochi zimasiyana malinga ndi zaka komanso chikhalidwe cha munthu. Kolesterol yathunthu imakonda kukwezedwa mwa okalamba ndipo imatha kufika 6.5-7 mmol / lita. Mwa akazi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol nthawi zambiri kumakwezedwa poyerekeza ndi omwe ali amuna kapena akazi. Kutsika kwakukulu kwa ndende ya cholesterol kumawonedwa mu nthawi ya postoperative, ndikulowerera kwa myocardial, matenda oopsa a bakiteriya.

Chizindikiro chotsatira chotsatira, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kusindikiza kwa lipid mbiri, ndi lipoproteins yotsika. Ndi kuchuluka kwa ndende ya LDL, chiopsezo chokhala ndi mtima wam'mimba kwambiri, ischemia ndi atherosclerosis imachulukirachulukira.

Mwa amuna, miyambo ya ma lipoprotein otsika pang'ono mpaka zaka makumi atatu imatsitsidwa poyerekeza ndi anzawo. Chizindikiro ichi chimachokera ku 1.6 mmol / lita mwa anyamata azaka 5-10 mpaka 4.27 mmol / lita mwa amuna azaka makumi atatu. Mwa akazi, miyezo ya LDL imakwera pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pa 1.8 mmol / lita pausinkhu wazaka zisanu mpaka 4.25 mmol / lita pa 30.

Kenako, kufikira zaka makumi asanu, milingo ya LDL ndiyokwera pang'ono mwa amuna kuposa azimayi amthawi yomweyo ndipo amafikira 5.2 mmol / lita.Kolesteroli wamkulu “woipa kwambiri” amalembedwa zaka 55 zapitazo ndipo amawerengedwa pakati pa 5.7 mmol / lita ali ndi zaka 70.

Pakuwunika kwa magazi kwa cholesterol, chizindikiritso cha milingo yapamwamba kwambiri ya lipoproteins iyenera kuwonetsedwa. Monga lamulo, kuchuluka kwa HDL kumakhala kotsika kwambiri ndipo kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana kwa 0.7-1.94 mmol / lita kwa amuna kapena akazi amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumatanthauza kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi chikuchulukitsidwa.

Amakhulupilira kuti kukwera kwambiri komwe kungasonyeze kuchuluka kwa osalimba a lipoprotein, ndibwinonso kumakhudza thanzi la munthu. Inde, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa HDL kumalepheretsa mapangidwe a atherosranceotic malo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri kumatha kuwonetsa matenda oopsa.

Amadziwika kuti chiwindi matenda aakulu, biliary cirrhosis, kuledzera kwa nthawi yayitali, kumwa mowa kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yayitali. Chifukwa chake, posankha mbiri ya lipid, ndikofunikira kuti mutchere khutu kuzowonetsa za HDL.

Malinga ndi atherogenicity, mutha kuwunikira zoopsa zenizeni za atherosulinosis. Kukhathamiritsa kwa atherogenicity kumatanthauzidwa ngati kusiyana pakati pa cholesterol yathunthu ndi ndende ya HDL yogawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba. Mokulira kutha kwa mphamvu, munthu amakhala ndi vuto la mtima, kugwidwa mtima, kukomoka, komanso matenda oopsa.

Malire ovomerezeka a atherogenicity aanthu achichepere kuyambira 3. Pambuyo pa zaka makumi atatu, atherogenicity imatha kufikira 3.5, ndipo paukalamba - 7.0.

Ma Vessel ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga atherosulinosis ngati kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'mwazi kukwezedwa. Mwa akazi, chizindikiro ichi chimakhala chosiyanasiyana kuchoka pa 0,4 mpaka 1.6 mmol / lita, ndipo mwa abambo ayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana 0,5-2.8 mmol / lita. Mlingo wa triglycerides amachepetsa vuto la chiwindi, matenda am'mapapo mwanga, matenda a kusoŵa kwa zakudya m'thupi. Zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa triglycerides zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi matenda a shuga, ma virus kapena chiwopsezo cha chiwindi.

Kuunika kwa zizindikiro zamagawo angapo amthupi la cholesterol kumathandizira dokotala kuti ateteze kukula kwa atherosulinosis, matenda oopsa, komanso kupewa kutaya kwa mtima ndi stroko. Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira mbiri ya mbiri ya lipid. Choyamba, muyenera kusiya chizolowezi cha chikonga, osamwa moledzera, gwiritsani ntchito bwino masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndikofunikira kudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol "yabwino", ma pectins ambiri, mafuta ochepa komanso chakudya.

Kuchepetsa atherogenicity, dokotala atha kukulemberani mankhwala apadera: ma statins, ma fibrate, ma antioxidants, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti achulukitse chiwindi. Nthawi zina, kuti muchepetse cholesterol "yoyipa" yofunikira, ndikofunikira kukana kumwa mankhwala okhala ndi mahomoni. Matenda a mtundu wa psychoemotional amakhudzanso kusintha kwa mbiri ya lipid. Ndikofunika kutenga udindo pa thanzi lanu komanso nthawi ndi nthawi, limodzi ndi dokotala, kuwunika kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi.

1. 
   Evsyukova I.I., Kosheleva N.G. Matenda a shuga. Mimba komanso akhanda, Miklos -, 2009. - 272 c.
2. 
   Matenda a Okorokov A.N. Matenda a ziwalo zamkati. Gawo 4. Kuzindikira matenda am'magazi, Mabuku azachipatala - M., 2011. - 504 c.
3. 
   Gurvich, Mikhail Zakudya za shuga / Mikhail Gurvich. - M: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 288 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka patsamba lino kuti athetse zovuta koma osati ntchito.Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.

1. Siyani kusuta (ngati mumasuta)

Kusuta kumayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza khansa ya ziwalo zopitilira 15, mtima ndi mtima, matenda am'mapapo, matenda a njira yolera, ndi zina. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kusuta kumachepetsa HDL komanso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwamatenda amtima, komanso matenda a mtima ndi stroko, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti musute.

2. Zolimbitsa thupi

Kuti thupi lanu likhale ndi thanzi labwino, muyenera kuwonjezera zochita zolimbitsa thupi, makamaka ngati mumangokhala. Kuwonjezeka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kukulitsa cholesterol "yabwino" ya HDL, yomwe ndi imodzi mwazinthu zambiri zabwino pakuchita masewera. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a Aerobic ndiko kusankha kwabwino kwambiri pakukweza cholesterol ya HDL. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• akuyenda
• kuthamanga
• kusambira
• makalasi ovina
• kuyendetsa njinga
• masewera olimbitsa (mpira, volleyball, basketball, mpira wamanja, tenisi, ndi zina).

3. Chepetsani kunenepa kwambiri

Ngati muli onenepa kwambiri kapena wonenepa kwambiri, kuchepetsa thupi ngakhale mapaundi ochepa kumatha kuwongolera cholesterol ya HDL. Kutsika kwa kulemera kwa thupi kwa makilogalamu atatu aliwonse kumapangitsa kuti miloproteins yapamwamba ichulukidwe ndi 1 milligram pa desilita imodzi.

4. Idyani Mafuta Opatsa thanzi

Kuti muwonjezere HDL ndi cholesterol yathunthu, muyenera kupewa kudya mafuta omwe amapezeka m'migulu yolimba, zinthu zophika buledi, komanso zakudya zamafuta othamanga. Makonda ayenera kuperekedwa pakudya mafuta athanzi omwe amapezeka mu avocados ndi mafuta a avocado, mafuta a azitona, mtedza ndi nsomba zamafuta. Mafuta athanzi amathandizira cholesterol ya LDL pakuchepetsa ndikuwonjezera cholesterol ya HDL, mwakutero amathandizira kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.

5. Chepetsani kudya kwanu zakudya zamafuta abwino

Chakudya chamafuta ambiri monga mkate woyera, mpunga woyera, pasitala, shuga, etc., zimapangitsa gawo lanu la cholesterol la HDL. Kuchepetsa kudya zamafuta awa kumakuthandizani kukonza milingo ya lipoprotein yapamwamba. Mumakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi zovuta zam'madzi ndi zakudya zathunthu (masamba, zipatso ndi mbewu zonse) - izi zipangitsa kuti HDL ikhalebe yayitali komanso kupewa matenda a m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima.

6. Ingomwa mowa wochepa kapena kusiya kumwa mowa wonse

Mowa sukubweretsa phindu lililonse mthupi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kumayambitsa zovulaza. Ngati mumamwa mowa, mupeze pang'ono. M'malo mwake, kumwa moledzera kwakukulu komanso kwakukulu kunakhudzana ndi cholesterol yapamwamba ya HDL. Ngati mumamwa mowa, yesani kukonda vinyo wofiira (pang'ono) komanso "cholesterol" yanu yabwino ingakhale yabwinobwino.

7. Kuchulukitsa kudya kwa niacin

Niacin ndi nicotinic acid, wotchedwanso vitamini B³ kapena vitamini PP. Thupi lanu limagwiritsa ntchito niacin kutulutsa mphamvu pachakudya. Vitamini iyi imathandizanso kukhala ndi thanzi la m'mimba yanu, dongosolo lamanjenje, khungu, tsitsi ndi maso.Anthu ambiri amalandila niacin okwanira chakudya. Komabe, ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa cholesterol ya HDL, kuti mukulitse, niacin nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a zowonjezera.

Nicotinic acid imatha kumwa mosavomerezeka, ngakhale atavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa kumwa mankhwala othandizikawa nthawi zina kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto ena osafunikira, makamaka ngati atengedwa kwambiri. Zotsatira zoyipa za kumwa niacin zimaphatikizapo:

• Hyperemia
• kuyabwa kapena kumva chilonda pakhungu
• mavuto am'mimba
• mavuto a minofu
• mavuto a chiwindi

Pankhani yopeza niacin wokwanira kuchokera ku chakudya, muyenera kuphatikizapo zakudya zina zomwe zili ndi mavitamini azakudya zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga:

• nyama ya nkaka
• mabere nkhuku (kokha kuchokera ku nkhuku zoweta)
• mtedza
• bowa
• chiwindi
• nsomba
• nandolo zobiriwira
• nyama yachilengedwe
• mpendadzuwa
• mapeyala

Yesani kudya zina mwazakudya izi, zokoma, zaac niacin kuti muchulukitse cholesterol yanu yabwino.

8. Mankhwala

Kodi imodzi mwa mankhwala omwe mumamwa ingapangitse kuchepa kwa cholesterol ya HDL mthupi lanu? Ndizotheka! Mankhwala monga anabolic steroids, beta blockers, benzodiazepines ndi progestin amatha kutsitsa lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri. Ngati mukumwa zilizonsezi za mankhwalawa, uzani dokotala wanu za izi, ndipo ngati zingatheke, yesani kusintha mankhwalawa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zingathenso kuthana ndi vuto lanu.

Kodi cholesterol ya HDL ndi chiyani?

Kolesterol yathunthu ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa lipids m'magazi, kuphatikiza LDL, HDL ndi triglycerides. Komabe, cholesterol yathunthu imapangidwa ndi ma low-density lipoproteins (LDL), omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "cholesterol" yoyipa. Kuchuluka kwa LDL kungayambitse mapangidwe a cholesterol pamakoma amitsempha, kukulitsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtima, komanso kupezeka kwa vuto la mtima ndi sitiroko. LDL imakulanso chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda oyamba omwe amayamba pomwe malembawo amachepetsa mphamvu ya mitsempha yomwe imapereka magazi ku miyendo. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti kukwera kwanu kwakukulu kwa HDL kolesterol, "kutsitsa LDL yanu."

Kodi HDL ndi chiyani? HDL imatanthawuza ma lipoproteins okwera, omwe amadziwika bwino monga cholesterol yabwino. Ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri, monga lamulo, amagwira ngati amamwa mafuta ochulukirapo m'magazi, omwe amawabwezera ku chiwindi, komwe amawonongeka.

HDL ndiyovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira kale. Poyamba anthu amaganiza kuti lipoproteins yapamwamba ndi mtundu umodzi wa tinthu, koma tsopano tikukhulupirira kuti awa ndi banja lonse la tinthu tosiyanasiyana. HDL yonse ili ndi lipids (mafuta), cholesterol ndi mapuloteni (apolipoproteins). Mitundu ina ya lipoprotein yapamwamba kwambiri imakhala yotayanasiyana, pomwe ina imapangidwa ndi disk. Mitundu ina ya HDL imachotsa cholesterol yoyipa kuchokera m'magazi pomwe mitundu ina imanyalanyaza cholesterol. Mitundu ina ya cholesterol ya HDL yolunjika mwanjira yolakwika (kupita ku LDL ndi maselo) kapena kuteteza cholesterol ya LDL mwanjira yoti imavulaze m'mitsempha.

Zotsatira zosayembekezereka za HDL ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe kutsitsa cholesterol ya LDL nthawi zambiri imalandira chisamaliro chachikulu monga chitetezo chachikulu ku matenda a mtima ndi stroke. Komabe, dziko lazachipatala, lachipatala chamakono komanso paliponse, likuvomerezabe kuti kukweza HDL yotsika pang'ono ndiyendedwe yoyenera kwambiri yathanzi, chifukwa kutsika kwa cholesterol yamtunduwu kungakhale koopsa kuposa kuthamanga LDL cholesterol.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mulingo woyenera wa cholesterol wa HDL kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi mamiligalamu 60 a cholesterol pa desilita iliyonse ya magazi.Ngati mulingo wa HDL mthupi la munthu ndi wochepera mamiligalamu 40 a cholesterol pa desilita imodzi ya magazi kapena kuchuluka kwa HDL mwa mkazi ndi wocheperako kuposa mamiligalamu 50 a cholesterol pa desilita yamagazi, ndiye kuti chiopsezo cha kusakhazikika, makamaka matenda a mtima, chimawerengedwa kuti chikuwonjezeka. Ngakhale mulingo wanu wa HDL upamwamba kuposa momwe ungathere, koma wotsika kuposa momwemo, mumalangizidwa kuti mugwire ntchito kuti muwonjezere lipoprotein yapamwamba kwambiri kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.

Kusiyana pakati pa HDL ndi LDL cholesterol

Monga tikudziwa, HDL ndi "yabwino," pomwe LDL ndi mtundu woyipa wa cholesterol. Nazi zina mwa mfundo zoyambira za mitundu iwiri iyi ya cholesterol:

• mkulu osachulukitsa lipoprotein
• "Zabwino" cholesterol
• milingo yawo imawonjezeka ndi chakudya choyenera
• kusuta kumachepetsa HDL
• amathandizira kuchepetsa cholesterol ya LDL ndikuchotsa m'mitsempha
• mulingo wapamwamba umachepetsa chiopsezo cha mavuto akulu ndi mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi

• otsika osalimba lipoproteins
• Cholesterol yoyipa
• mulingo wawo umachuluka ndi zakudya zosayenera
• kusuta kumawonjezera LDL
• ndiye gwero lalikulu la kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi kufalikira kwa mitsempha
• mulingo wawo wapamwamba umawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi mavuto akulu ndi mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi
• kunenepa kwambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi magulu apamwamba a LDL komanso otsika a HDL

Malingaliro Omaliza pa HDL Cholesterol

Ngati simukudziwa kuchuluka kwa HDL yanu, mutha kudziwa ngati mwayesanso magazi (mbiri ya lipid). Kusanthula kumeneku kudzapereka mwayi wopeza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, komanso magawo ake, kuphatikiza HDL ndi LDL. Palibe zizindikiro zooneka ngati cholesterol yapamwamba ya LDL ndi cholesterol yotsika ya HDL, motero ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kolesterol yanu pafupipafupi kuti mukhale ndi moyo wathanzi!

Kumbukirani kuti zina mwanjira zabwino zowonjezera cholesterol yanu yabwino ya HDL kwinaku mukuchepetsa cholesterol ya LDL “yoyipa” monga kupuma, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri, kudya mafuta athanzi, kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kuchepetsa kudya kwanu mowa kapena kukana kwathunthu, kuchuluka kwa zakudya za niacin komanso kukana kumwa mankhwala ena ake. Tengani izi ndikuwona momwe mulingo wa cholesterol wanu wa HDL umakwera ndikukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi stroke.

Kodi HDL imakhala bwanji pamayeso amwazi amwazi?

HDL ndi cholephera kukwera kwambiri. Kapangidwe kameneka ka lipoprotein kamadziwika ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri. Mu thupi la munthu, ma lipoproteins okwera amakhala ndi ntchito zingapo zofunika:

• Kulanda ndikusunthira cholesterol yotsika komanso yotsika kwambiri kuchokera ku magazi kupita ku chiwindi kuti ikugwiritsenso ntchito kuchokera mthupi monga gawo la bile,
• kuyeretsa kwa makoma a mtima a ma triglycerides ndi lipoproteins NP ndi SNP,
• kuchepa kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi kusintha kwake kwachulukidwe,
• chepetsa chiopsezo chopeza micothrombi,
• sinthani ndikonzanso zotheka za makoma otupa,
• amathandizira kuti kagayidwe kake kazisintha,
• kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a metabolic komanso kunenepa kwambiri,
• kusokoneza chitukuko ndi kupitirira kwa atherosulinosis.

Dziwani kuti mwa azimayi musanasiye, mfundo zoyenera za cholesterol zimatha kuonedwa pamaso pa kunenepa kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa cha tsogolo la mahomoni, gawo lokwanira la estrogen m'mwazi limatiteteza ku matenda amtima. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, azimayi asanasiye kusamba, atherosulinosis sikuchitika.Mwa amuna, chotetezedwa chotere sichili, motero, nthawi zambiri amalembetsa zotupa zamitsempha yamagazi, komanso mikwingwirima ndi matenda a mtima adakali aang'ono.

Zizindikiro zoyezera lipoprotein VP

Kusanthula kwamagawo a cholesterol kumakupatsani:

• yang'anani kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo cha mtima (kuopsa kwa matenda a mtima, angina pectoris, kugunda kwamtima, stroko, etc.),
• kudziwa kupatuka mu lipid bwino komanso atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi,
• kuwongolera mu mphamvu yogwira mphamvu ya zakudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito lipid-kuchepetsa.

Komanso, kuwunika kwa cholesterol ndi magawo ake kumachitika ndi:

• Matenda a chiwindi ndi kapamba,
• jaundice
• matenda ashuga
• kuchuluka kwambiri
• kukhalapo kwa matenda a mtima, angina pectoris ndi matenda ena a CVS,
• ngozi yamatenda,
• matenda oopsa
• mimba (yophatikizidwa ndi magulu angapo a maphunziro),
• kulakwitsa
• kunenepa.

Momwe mungakonzekerere kusanthula?

Kuyamwa magazi kumachitika mosamala pamimba yopanda kanthu. Masiku angapo phunzirolo lisanachitike, zakudya zamafuta ndi okazinga, maswiti, mowa siziyenera kuperekedwa kwa zakudya. Madzulo a kusanthula, kuchuluka kwakuthupi ndi kwamalingaliro, komanso kusuta, sikumachotsedwa.

Asanapendeketse, amaloledwa kumwa madzi. Tiyi, khofi, koloko ndi timadziti amaletsedwa kumwa.

Dokotala komanso othandizira ogwira ntchito akuyenera adziwe za mankhwala omwe wodwala amamwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti mankhwala ambiri amatha kubweretsa zotsatira zabodza kapena zabodza.

Miyezo ya HDL imatha kuwonjezeka mukamatenga cyclofenil, njira zakulera zam'mlomo, estrogens, zotumphukira za michere (clofibrate ®, gemfibrozil ®), lovastatin ®, pravastatin ®, simvastatin ®, nicotinic acid, phenobarbital ®, capopril ® Q, carbamaz , furosemide ®, nifedipine ®, verapamil ®.

Zotsatira zabodza zitha kuwonedwa munthawi ya chithandizo ndi androgens, beta-blockers (makamaka osagwirizana ndi mtima), cyclosporine ®, diuretics, interferon ®, interleukin, thiazides.

Mndandanda Wapamwamba wa Mlingo wa Lipoprotein wa Amuna ndi Akazi

Chikhalidwe cha HDL mwa abambo ndi amayi ndizosiyana pang'ono, chifukwa cha kusiyana m'magulu a mahomoni. Komanso kusinthasintha kokhudzana ndi zaka muyezo wa VP lipoproteins kumadziwika. Makhalidwe abwinobwino amatha kulembedwa: milionita imodzi pa lita kapena milligram pa dl. Zambiri mu ma labotore osiyanasiyana zingasiyane pang'ono, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma reagents osiyanasiyana.

Makhalidwe abwinobwino a HDL m'magazi a akazi ndi amuna amaperekedwa pagome:

Ma lipoproteins apamwamba amakhala okwera: izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri, kukhala ndi pakati ndi komwe kumayambitsa HDL mwa akazi. Pakubala kwa mwana, kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa cholesterol ndikwabwinobwino ndipo sikutanthauza kuti akonzedwe kuchipatala. Komabe, chiwopsezo chambiri komanso chofunikira kwambiri pamagawo ochepa a lipoprotein ochepa chimafuna chakudya chovomerezeka cha lipid, popeza mankhwala ochepetsa mafuta ambiri amadzipatsirana panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati.

Mlingo wokwezeka wa cholesterol panthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati umatha kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi, kuchuluka magazi, kuchepa kwa fetal, kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwakutukuka kwa fetal, kuchotsa mimbayo, kupweteka kwadzidzidzi, etc.

Zifukwa zazikulu zakuchulukitsidwa kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba mwa azimayi ndi abambo ndi:

• metabolic syndrome (kunenepa kwambiri),
• endocrinological pathologies (mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 matenda a shuga, Cushing's syndrome, hypothyroidism, etc.),
• matenda a impso (nephrotic syndrome kapena kulephera kwaimpso),
• kutopa kwamanjenje, kupsinjika, mania, kukhumudwitsa mayiko,
• matenda obadwa nawo a lipid metabolism,
• Matenda a chiwindi ndi ndulu.
• cholocha chotchinga,
• uchidakwa
• pancreatic pathologies.

Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein zimatha kukhala kudya kwambiri mafuta ochulukitsa a cholesterol (mazira, zopangidwa ndi nyama, mafuta amkaka, etc.)

HDL cholesterol yotsitsidwa: zikutanthauza chiyani

Kutsika kwa lipoproteins okwera kwambiri kungawonedwe ngati wodwala ali ndi:

• atherosulinotic mtima matenda,
• Kusayenda kwa ndulu
• hypolipoproteinemia,
• matenda ashuga
• kunenepa
• matenda a impso
• matenda a chiwindi
• cholowa cholowa,
• kuchepa magazi kwambiri
• aakulu myeloproliferative pathologies,
• kukomoka
• kutopa ndi kutulutsa,
• pachimake myocardial infaration,
• ischemic stroke
• matenda a mtima.

Kodi kusagwirizana kwa lipid kumawoneka bwanji?

Kuwonjezeka kwa magazi okhala ndi tizigawo ta "cholester" tambiri tosavomerezeka sikumayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zamankhwala chisanachitike zovuta (atherosulinosis, matenda a mtima, ndi zina). Kukula kwa zotupa za atherosulinotic zamakhoma a minyewa kumatha kuwonekera ndi mawonekedwe a:

• kupuma movutikira pakulimbitsa thupi,
• kulankhulirana
• chizungulire ndi mutu,
• kufooka kosalekeza, ulesi, kuiwalika ndi kuchita,
• kuzirala miyendo (m'munsi miyendo ischemia),
• kumverera kowoneka mwamalire, malekezero azala.
• kupweteka kumbuyo kwa sternum.

Momwe mungasinthire lipoprotein?

Mankhwala onse omwe amatsitsa kuchepetsa cholesterol ayenera kuyikidwa kokha ndi katswiri ndikuchitika motsogozedwa ndi labotale.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti chithandizo chikuyenera kukhala chokwanira. Popanda kudyetsa zakudya m'thupi (zakudya zopatsa lipid), kuchepa thupi komanso kuwongolera mayendedwe (kusiya kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa, kusintha zolimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zotere), mankhwala osokoneza bongo sangapereke zotsatira zoyenera.

Zakudya zochepetsera lipid zimatanthawuza kukana kapena kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta a cholesterol, kusiyanitsidwa ndi zakudya zamafuta, yokazinga, zakudya zosuta, ma muffins atsopano, soda.

Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kumwa zamasamba ndi zipatso, chinangwa ndi fiber, nsomba zamafuta ochepa. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kutenga zowonjezera zokhala ndi mavitamini a B, mavitamini A, E, ndi C, omega-3 mafuta acids (mafuta a nsomba), magnesium ndi zinc.