Type 1 and Type 2abetes: kusiyana kwake ndi kotani?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa a endocrine system. Koma kudziwikiratu panthawi komanso chithandizo chokwanira kumalepheretsa chitukuko ndikupatsa wodwalayo mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wonse.

Asanayambe njira zochizira, endocrinologist imayambitsa matenda, ndikupeza chomwe chimayambitsa matenda.

Pambuyo pokhapokha atazindikira mtundu wa matenda ashuga, adokotala amayamba chithandizo choyenera, chifukwa chakuti kusiyana pakati pa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 wodwala kwambiri. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga umayamba pamene thupi lipanda insulin. Chachiwiri chimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulini komanso kuchepa kwa mayumbo ake.

Mitundu yonse yamatenda

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Matendawa amatuluka chifukwa chosowa insulini. Popanda iyo, thupi silingathe, ndipo glucose, wodziunjikira m'mwazi, umathiridwa limodzi ndi mkodzo. Zotsatira zake, munthu amayamba kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komwe sikumagwa molunjika.

Zotsatira zake, ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi, maselo amavutika ndi kusowa kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, kagayidwe kamadzi kamasokonekera: minofu imalephera kusunga madzi, ndipo madzi ambiri amatulutsidwa mu impso. Matenda osachiritsika amabweretsa mavuto ambiri mthupi.

Kuti muzindikire matendawa msanga, muyenera kuyezetsa kuchipatala pafupipafupi.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ziweto zina zimadwala matenda ashuga. Izi zimatha kukhala ndi zifukwa zambiri. Matenda a shuga amakhalanso pagululi malinga ndi zizindikiritso zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka matenda, ndikulola kulongosola kolondola kwambiri kwa omwe akudwala matenda ashuga.

Gulu la digiri:

• matenda ofatsa (1 digiri) - njira yabwino kwambiri yamatenda,
• kuopsa kozama (2 degree) - pali zizindikiro za zovuta za shuga,
• kwambiri matenda (3 digiri) - kupitiliza kwa matendawa ndi kusatheka kwa kayendetsedwe kake ka mankhwala.
• njira yosasinthika komanso zovuta zoopsa (4 digiri) - gangrene wa malekezero amakula, etc.

Gulu la mitundu:

Matenda a gestational (osakhalitsa) amapezeka mwa amayi apakati ndipo amasowa mwana akangobadwa.

Ngati matendawa sapezeka munthawi yake, zotsatirazi zingakhale:

• mitundu yonse ya zotupa za pakhungu (mafinya, zithupsa, ndi zina).
• matenda a mano ndi matenda ena a mano,
• Amayamba kuchepa mphamvu ndikusokeka kwa khoma la chotengera, cholesterol yambiri imayikidwa, ndipo atherosulinosis imayamba,
• angina pectoris - matenda opweteka pachifuwa,
• kuchuluka kopitiliza kupanikizika,
• matenda a kwamikodzo,
• matenda amanjenje
• utachepa kowoneka ntchito.

Kusiyana pakati pa mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2

Ngati matenda a shuga atapezeka munthawi yake, mtundu wake umatsimikiza kusankha chithandizo choyenera. Zowonadi, ndi gawo loyamba la matendawo momwe chithandizo cha mtundu woyamba ndi chachiwiri chimasiyanirana kwambiri.

Mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2 amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi izi:

1. zifukwa. Choyamba chimayamba chitukuko cha kuperewera kwa insulin. Lachiwiri - limayamba ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini, pomwe ma cell samatenga
2. wodwala. Loyamba limatchedwa unyamata, chifukwa amadwala kwa achinyamata osakwana zaka 30. 2 mtundu wa zamatenda umakhudza anthu akuluakulu omwe adakondwerera tsiku lobadwa makumi anayi,
3. chitukuko. Yoyamba ndi matenda obadwa nawo amadziwoneka pompopompo, ndipo nthawi zambiri imadzetsa mavuto. Lachiwiri limayamba pang'onopang'ono, mpaka vuto lalikulu litayamba m'thupi,
4. udindo wa insulin. Mtundu woyamba wamatenda amaonedwa kuti ndi wosachiritsika, chifukwa odwala matenda ashuga amadalira insulin moyo wake wonse, chachiwiri ndi chodalira insulin.
5. Zizindikiro za matendawa. Yoyamba imayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe. Wachiwirinso alibe zizindikiro kwa nthawi yayitali, mpaka munthuyo adwale kwathunthu.
6. kulemera kwachilengedwe. Mtundu 1, odwala amachepetsa thupi, mtundu 2, amanenepa.

Kuzindikira ndikuwunika momwe odwala matenda ashuga amachitidwira chimodzimodzi kwa mtundu 1 ndi 2 (kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo). Wodwala amatchulidwa kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zakudya zomwe zili ndi BZHU, chithandizo ndi mankhwala.

Mtundu 1 (wachinyamata)

Shuga woyamba kapena wodwala wa insulin amakula ngati yankho pakuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic beta. Thupi limataya mphamvu yake yopanga kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, komwe kumapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa insulin m'magazi.

Zomwe zimachitika:

1. ma virus
2. khansa
3. kapamba
4. Matenda a kapamba wokhala ndi poizoni
5. kupsinjika
6. matenda a autoimmune, pamene chitetezo chathupi chikuukira maselo a England
7. zaka za ana
8. zaka mpaka 20
9. kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
10. cholowa.

Zizindikiro zikuchulukirachulukira m'chilengedwe komanso kupita patsogolo masiku ochepa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti munthu amene sakudziwa matenda ake mwadzidzidzi amasiya kuzindikira. Dokotala amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi:

• ludzu losatha (mpaka malita atatu amadzimadzi patsiku),
• fungo la acetone mlengalenga
• kulakalaka
• kutsika kwakanthawi ndikuwoneka bwino kwambiri
• kukodza pafupipafupi, nthawi zambiri usiku,
• mkodzo wambiri wotulutsidwa
• Mabala omwe samachiritsa ndipo amakhala osangalala,
• Khungu
• zithupsa ndi fungal matenda.

Chizindikiro chilichonse ndi chizindikiro cholumikizana ndi chipatala.

Matenda achiwiri kapena osadalira insulini amadalira insulin ikamapangidwa kuchuluka. Ma cell amthupi samatha kuyamwa glucose, ndipo amadziunjikira m'magazi. Popita nthawi, shuga amathandizidwa ndi mkodzo.

Zomwe zimachitika:

1. kunenepa
2. cholowa
3. zaka zopitilira 40,
4. zizolowezi zoipa
5. kuthamanga kwa magazi
6. kuyamwa kwa chakudya chochuluka,
7. kumangokhala
8. achinyamata ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi achinyamata (kawirikawiri),
9. kusuta kwa zakudya zachangu.

Pathology imayamba pang'onopang'ono zaka zingapo. Popita nthawi, mawonekedwe amunthu amayamba kugwa, kumakhala kutopa kwambiri, komanso kukumbukira kukumbukira.

Anthu ambiri saganiza konse zokhala ndi mayeso a shuga, chifukwa anthu okalamba amati kuwonongeka kwa kusintha kwokhudzana ndi ukalamba. Monga lamulo, matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin amadziwika mwangozi.

Zizindikiro zofunika kuziganizira:

• kutopa
• kuchepa kowoneka bwino,
• mavuto amakumbukiro
• matenda a pakhungu: bowa, mabala osachiritsa ndi zithupsa,
• Khungu
• ludzu losatha
• kukodza pafupipafupi usiku,
• zilonda m'miyendo ndi kumapazi,
• dzanzi m'miyendo
• ululu poyenda,
• thrush, yomwe singakhale yothandiza kuchiza.

Matendawa akangolowa gawo loopsa la chitukuko, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonekera:

• kuwonda kwambiri
• kutayika kwamaso
• matenda a impso
• vuto la mtima
• sitiroko.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kunyalanyaza thanzi la munthu kumachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa munthu. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi ndikukhala wokalamba kwambiri, munthu sayenera kunyalanyaza chithandizo chamankhwala.

Chithandizo ndi kupewa

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Mankhwalawa amasankhidwa payekha, kutengera mtundu wa wodwalayo, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi mtundu wake.

Mankhwalawa mitundu 1 ndi 2 - zambiri zofanana. Palinso zosiyana zotsatirazi:

• insulin. Mtundu 1, munthu mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake amadalira jakisoni wa insulin, mtundu 2, wodwalayo safuna insulin,
• chakudya. Mtundu 1 umaphatikizapo kutsatira mosamalitsa muyezo wa BZHU ndikuwongolera kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito shuga kuti musinthe insulin. Mtundu 2 umaphatikizapo kukana zakudya zamafuta oboola pang'ono, dongosolo la Pevzner lazithandizo zamafuta (tebulo Na. 9), zomwe ndizofunikira kuwonjezera chidwi cha thupi pakupeza insulin
• kakhalidwe. Poyamba, ndikofunikira kupewa zovuta zowonjezera nkhawa komanso katundu wambiri, kuyendera dokotala mwezi uliwonse, kuyeza shuga pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer ndi mizere yoyesera. Lachiwirili limakhudza moyo wotsatira: kudya, kuchepa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumatha kukonza bwino thanzi lathu komanso kungayambitse kuchira kwathunthu,
• mankhwala. Poyamba, jakisoni wa insulin ndi mankhwala amafunika kupewa zovuta zonse. Chachiwiri chimafuna mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga omwe amasintha kukhudzana ndi shuga.

Kupewa kwabwino kwa matenda ashuga ndi ulemu kwa thanzi lanu.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Ngakhale mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga umasiyana ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga:

Pazifukwa zina, anthu amakhulupirira kuti matendawa ndi osachiritsika, ndipo odwala matenda ashuga sakukhala okalamba kwambiri. Uku ndi malingaliro olakwika.

Matenda a shuga si chiganizo, koma ndi chenjezo kuti nthawi yakwana yoti musinthe ndikusiya zakudya zabwino, kusiya kusuta fodya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Njira yodziwira bwino mankhwala ndi chitsimikizo cha moyo wautali komanso wachimwemwe.

Chiyambi cha matendawa

Mtundu woyamba umatchedwanso matenda akuluakulu, otchedwa autoimmune omwe ma cell a beta amafa. Amakhala osapitilira 10% ya matenda onse a shuga. Kuwonongeka kwa gawo la maselo kumabwera kuchokera pamavuto akulu, kuchokera ku kachilombo komwe kamakhudza ma cell a beta (Coxsackie ndi rubella), koma asayansi sanatsimikizire izi.

Ndi khansa yotupa ya England, mankhwala ena amakhala ndi poizoni ndipo amawononga ma cell. Zinthu zakunja zilinso ndi vuto. Zadziwika kuti anthu omwe kale amakhala m'malo omwe matendawa ndi osowa, akasamukira kudziko lina kumene matenda ashuga afalikira, nawonso adadwala matendawa.

Koma koposa zonse, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti matendawa ndi amtundu wa chibadwa ndipo amatengera kwa kholo lomwe lili ndi mavuto ngati amenewa. Kulumikizana kunakhazikitsidwa pakati pa chiwerengero chachikulu cha majini ndi momwe maselo a pancreatic.

Mtundu woyamba wa 2 komanso wa matenda ashuga 2, kusiyana ndikuti maselo a mtundu 2 amagwira ntchito bwino, koma thupi silingagwiritse ntchito bwino chinsinsi chawo. Ma receptor a organism samawona insulin, chifukwa chomwe kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kamachepetsa. Kenako maselo a beta ayambanso kugwira ntchito molimbika, kubisa insulin yambiri, yomwe imawatsogolera kuvala kwawo mwachangu.

Gulu la zaka

Kodi ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga kusiyana kwa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2. Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin nthawi zambiri amakhudza ana, achinyamata komanso achinyamata osakwana zaka 30. Olemera kwambiri, ambiri ndi oonda. Nthawi zina mwana amabadwa kale ndi matendawa.

Matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin amakhala ndi nthawi yosiyana. Anthu opitilira zaka 40 kapena okalamba omwe ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kuposa momwe amadzivutikira. Ngakhale m'maiko ambiri, nthawi zina ana achinyamata omwe amakhala ndi moyo wosachita zambiri amakhala ndi shuga wambiri.

Makhalidwe oyerekeza

Kusiyana pakati pa matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 m'mayendedwe a insulin. Mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga, kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa maselo a beta akufotokozedwa. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwathunthu kwa insulin mthupi. Nthawi zina ma antibodies amapangidwa m'thupi lomwe limagwirizana ndi insulin yokha kapena maselo a pancreatic. Munthu amene akudwala matenda amtunduwu amayenera kuperekera insulin nthawi zonse pobayira jakisoni, apo ayi zitha kupha.

Matenda a Type 1 ndi 2 amakhala ndi kusiyana komwe kumachitika glycemia kumayamba pang'onopang'ono, insulini imadziunjikira m'thupi mowonjezereka, ndipo minofu yake siyimazindikira. Nthawi zambiri anthu samazindikira msanga kuti pali vuto palokha, pomwe matenda oyamba amayamba.

Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amasiyana pakusintha kwa thupi. Poyambirira, odwala amachepetsa kwambiri thupi, ndipo enawo, amapeza mapaundi owonjezera.

Zizindikiro za mtundu 1

Munthu amakhala ndi ludzu lamphamvu komanso mtima wopanda pake. Amamwa mpaka malita 5 a madzi tsiku lililonse. Koma zakudya zonse zadyedwa masana, kuonda kwambiri. Khungu limakhala ndi kuyanika kosalekeza, kukanda kumayambitsa kukula kwa zilonda, mabala otseguka, momwe matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi amatha kulowa.

Pali chikhodzodzo chodzaza nthawi zonse, kukodza kumachulukitsa komanso pafupipafupi. Kuchokera pamenepa, anthu amakonda matenda a impso komanso matenda amkodzo. Pakupuma, kununkhira kwa acetone kumamveka. Pali mseru ndi kusanza.

Matendawa amakula msanga, mkati mwa sabata limodzi, nthawi zambiri amatsatana ndi ketoacidosis, omwe ungayambitse kudwala matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro za mtundu 2

Mu shuga mellitus, mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 uli kuthamanga kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira. Ndi mtundu 2, chizindikiro chachikulu chowoneka chikhoza kukhala phindu lochuluka. Munthu amatha kunena kuti zizindikiro zotsalazo ndi kutopa, kulemera ndi kupsinjika m'miyendo yake, kutopa msanga chifukwa chakulemera kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga amakhazikika pang'onopang'ono mavuto amawonedwe ndi kukumbukira. Izi zimadziwika ndi kusintha kokhudzana ndi zaka, chifukwa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga nthawi zambiri umayamba ukalamba. Chifukwa chake, anthu opitilira theka samvera ndi zomwe matendawa amatenga. Ndipo kwa ena, poyambira, matendawa amatha kukhala asymptomatic ambiri.

Kenako pamayamba ludzu lamphamvu, kupukusa ndi kukodza pafupipafupi, ngakhale usiku. Mwa amayi, mumakhala mavuto ena ndi njira yolera, nthawi zambiri yomwe imakhala yotupa siichiritsidwa. Pali zovuta pakhungu, ngakhale mabala ang'onoang'ono amachiritsa zolimba. Kusintha kwa ulcerative kumawonekera pakhungu la phazi komanso m'munsi mwendo.

Nthawi zambiri, kuyitanidwa koyamba kwa dokotala kumachitika pambuyo pa vuto la mtima, sitiroko, kapena matenda a impso. Pofuna kuti musatalikitse matendawa komanso osayambitsa zowawa ndi kufa, muyenera kulumikizana ndi dotolo pachiwonetsero choyamba kapena nthawi yomweyo kuyezetsa magazi kuti mukhale ndi shuga. Amadzipereka pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Chithandizo Cha Mtundu 1

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyambirira komanso wachiwiri amakhala ndi zosiyana pochiza matendawa. Chithandizo chachikulu cha mtundu uwu nthawi zonse jakisoni wa insulin. Amatchedwa kuti insulin-amadalira. Uku ndiye kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya 2 ya matenda ashuga.

Ndikofunikanso kuti muzitsatira zakudya zamafuta zomwe sizimapatula zotsekemera, zonona. Chinthu chachikulu pakuthandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi kuwongolera ndi kutsimikiza. Zingwe ziyenera kuchitika panthawi inayake. Posachedwa muphunzira kuziyika mopweteka. Sizitenga njira zonse osapitilira mphindi 10 patsiku. Mwana kapena wachinyamata ayenera kumvetsetsa vuto lakelo osasiyiratu kudya.

Mitundu yayikulu, pamene zakudya ndi jakisoni sizikwanira, mapiritsi okhala ndi metformin amakhazikikanso. Itha kukhala "Siofor" kapena "Glucophage." Palibe njira yothana ndi matendawa. Ngakhale asayansi akuphunzira mwakhama vutoli. Akuganiza zakupatsirana kapamba kapenanso kuponderezedwa kwa maselo, koma palibe zotsatira zabwino. Tsopano lingalirani za mtundu wa 1 ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, kusiyana pakukonzekera.

Chithandizo chachiwiri

Anthu omwe akudwala matenda oopsa a glycemia, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikusintha kunenepa.

Kuyenda nthawi yayitali mumlengalenga watsopano, kuphunzira ndi wophunzitsira waluso kumathandiza kuthetsa vuto lothana ndi mapaundi owonjezera. Dokotala wanu amathanso kukupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.Pakapita nthawi, mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga ukhoza kulipidwa mokwanira, mosiyana ndi mtundu woyamba.

Zakudya za mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2

Tidawunika kusiyanasiyana kwa zomwe zimayambira, komwe adachokera komanso chithandizo, koma kudya moyenera ndiye maziko othandizira matenda aliwonse a shuga. Kudya wathanzi sikuphatikiza chakudya chamoto chambiri. Zakudya zamafuta ambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'masamba. Mbatata zokha ndizofunika kuziyika.

Zipatso ndizothandiza wowawasa, monga lalanje, kiwi, maapulo, mphesa. Ndikwabwino kupewa mapeyala ndi nthochi. Nyamayi imathandiza mitundu yamafuta ochepa. Awa ndi nyama yamchere ndi mbalame, kalulu ndi mbali (ng'ombe chiwindi ndi lilime, chiwindi cha nkhuku). Mutha kuwedza nsomba. Kuchokera ku chimanga, ndibwino kupatula mpunga ndi semolina. Zopangira mkaka wowonda ziyenera kukhala zamafuta ochepa.

Kuphika kumalimbikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito boiler iwiri kapena uvuni. Muyeneranso kudya zakudya zophika. Batala yaying'ono ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi mkate wakuda kapena sangweji yamphesa yonse. Mafuta ophikira ndizolandiridwa.