Kukana kwa thupi ku insulin

Koma nthawi zina munthu amatha kudana ndi insulin, yomwe imakhudza pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo amthupi amalimbana ndi insulini, motero mphamvu ya mahomoni imakhala yochepa kwambiri ndipo thupi la munthu silingathe kugwiranso ntchito yake mokwanira.

Zonsezi zimabweretsa kukula kwa shuga. Zotsatira zake, matenda akulu amatha kukhala, monga gawo lovuta la matenda ashuga, hyperglycemia, atherosulinosis. Kuti mupewe kupezeka kwa matendawa, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro za kukana insulin, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi woyambira nthawi.

Zimayambitsa Insulin Resistance

Chakudya chimalowa m'mitsempha yamagazi m'magazi a shuga (glucose) ndi zinthu zina. Mlingo wa shuga m'thupi ukakwera, kapamba amawonjezera kupanga kwa insulin ya mahomoni, ndikofunikira kuchotsa shuga wambiri. Ngati kuchuluka kwa insulini sikungafanane ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwera, ndipo munthu amakupanga matenda a shuga a 2.

Madokotala akhazikitsa zifukwa zotsatirazi zomwe zingayambitse insulin kukana:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kunenepa
• kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa,
• zovuta zamtundu
• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa cha momwe ma antibodies amawonekera m'thupi zomwe zimalepheretsa insulin receptors,
• zovuta za dongosolo la endocrine, zotupa - chifukwa cha chitukuko chawo, ambiri okana insulini amapangidwa m'thupi,
• matenda ashuga
• polycystic ovary syndrome,
• kumangokhala
• pafupipafupi zovuta
• zizolowezi zoipa
• osayang'anira zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku
• kumwa mankhwala okhala ndi mahomoni okula kapena corticosteroids,
• matenda a mtima kapena endocrine dongosolo.

Ndikotheka kudziwa kukana kwa thupi insulin (metabolic syndrome) mwa kuyezetsa magazi ndi zizindikiro zina. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuganizira za chibadwa cha wodwalayo.

Zizindikiro za Insulin Resistance

Koma, pang'onopang'ono, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zamatenda amodzi zimalumikizana ndi izi:

• kukhumudwa
• kukakamizidwa
• njala yosalekeza
• kufooketsa zochitika zam'mutu,
• kuphwanya yachilendo ntchito yam'mimba,
• ukufalikira
• shuga wambiri, womwe umatsimikiziridwa pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• kuchuluka kwamapuloteni ambiri mu mkodzo (chizindikiro chovomerezeka),
• kunenepa m'dera m'chiuno,
• cholesterol yambiri yoyipa ndi ma triglycerides,
• acanthosis - kutulutsa kwamaluwa komwe kumakhala mawanga akhungu pakhungu, komwe kumatha kuwoneka pamphumi, mawondo, maondo, komanso kocheperako kumbuyo kwa mutu (mawonekedwe a acanthosis akuwonetsa kuti matendawa adadwala kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambazi zimatha kuwonedwa mwa wodwala kwa zaka ziwiri kapena kupitirira apo, ndipo ngati sanatengere chithandizo, ndiye kuti kukana insulini kungayambitse imfa. Ndizotheka kuchepetsa kukana kwa thupi ku insulin ndi mankhwala, koma adokotala okha ndi omwe ayenera kuchita izi, chifukwa ndi matenda oopsa omwe angayambitse imfa ya wodwalayo.

Kuwopsa kwa kukana insulini

Metabolic syndrome imayambitsanso matenda a Alzheimer's komanso mavuto ena ndi ntchito yofananira ya ubongo. Ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kukana insulini kungayambitse matenda a atherosulinosis, stroke, kugunda kwa mtima komanso mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa magazi.

Choopsa chachikulu cha kukana insulini ndikupanga matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, omwe wodwalayo amafunika kupaka jekeseni wa insulin nthawi zonse ndikutsatira zakudya zovuta. Ngakhale jekeseni imodzi yomwe yasowa ndi yokwanira kupangitsa wodwalayo kufa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mosavutikira chithandizo, osanyalanyaza zizindikiro za matendawa pachiyambitsi chake.

Ngati zifukwa zakukhazikika kwa matendawa zimachotsedwera nthawi, ndiye kuti insulin singathe kuyimitsidwa pokhapokha, komanso ikatha. Zomwezi zimagwiranso kwa prediabetes, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yolumikizana ndi metabolic syndrome.

Kudya

Wodwalayo akangoyamba kutsatira njira yochizira, amamva bwino patatha masiku 3-4, ndipo patatha sabata limodzi kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'magazi kudzasintha. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yabwino m'magazi kumachuluka ndipo kuchuluka kwa zoyipa kudzachepa, zomwe zidzachitike masabata 6-8 atatha kudya. Zonsezi zimachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a atherosulinosis.

Chithandizo chachikulu ndikuti muchepetse kunenepa, chifukwa kunenepa kwambiri ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha metabolic syndrome. Zakudya zapamwamba zamatumbo ochepa zitha kuthandiza pamenepa, zomwe zimathandizira kuwongolera komanso kuchepetsa matenda a metabolism. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti menyu otere ayenera kukhala wamkulu kwa wodwala moyo wake wonse.

Kuti mupeze zotsatirapo zabwino, ndikofunika kutsatira zakudya zosaneneka (zithandiza kupewa kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi) ndi zakudya zama carb zotsika momwe kuchuluka kwa glucose kosavuta kugaya sikuyenera kupitirira 30% ya chizolowezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Gawo la mafuta pankhaniyi sayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa 10%. Chifukwa cha zogulitsa ndi index yotsika ya glycemic, wodwalayo amatha kuukitsa shuga wamagazi ndikuchotsa kumverera kwanjala kwanthawi yayitali.

Zakudya za wodwala ziyenera kukhala ndi izi:

• masamba ndi zipatso
• mbewu zonse ndi mtedza,
• nyemba
• amadyera
• nyama ndi nsomba,
• zinthu zopanda mkaka.

Komanso, wodwalayo amatha kumwa mankhwala achilengedwe, omwe alibe mavuto, koma ali ndi mankhwala abwino - mwachitsanzo, kulowetsedwa kwa khungwa la birch.

Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusiya izi:

• sodas zabwino
• shuga
• kuphika
• chokoleti
• mafuta a ufa - mkate, pasitala,
• zakudya zonunkhira kwambiri komanso zamchere,
• chakudya chofulumira
• kaloti ndi mbatata,
• mafuta chiwindi, nsomba, nyama.

Mafuta a tsiku lililonse sayenera kupitilira 10% ya zakudya zonse.

Mankhwala

Kuti chakudya chokhala ndi carb chochepa sichimapweteka thupi, dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala a mavitamini, michere ndi michere yazakudya kwa wodwala. Kuphatikiza apo, pamaso pa shuga wambiri, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi cholesterol ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Monga mankhwala ali:

1. glinids - kuchepetsa shuga mutatha kudya,
2. thiazide okodzetsa - kuchepetsa makulidwe amitsempha yamagazi,
3. sulfonylureas - kukulitsa chidwi cha maselo amthupi kuti apange insulin,
4. biguanides - kuthandiza kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri (Metformin).

Kumbukirani kuti sulfonylureas amalembedwa pokhapokha wodwala akafunika kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala, popeza mankhwalawo amatsogolera kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka magazi pamapuloteni a plasma, omwe angayambitse mavuto akulu azaumoyo.

Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi

Njirayi imatha kuwonjezera kukhudzika kwa minofu kuti ipangire insulin, chifukwa nthawi ya minyewa, kutuluka kwa glucose m'maselo a thupi kumayambitsidwa popanda thandizo la mahomoni. Pakapita kanthawi maphunziro atayamba, insulin imayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo minofu ya glycogen yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaphunzirayi imadzuka yokha.

Kuti athetse vuto, wodwalayo ayenera kuphatikiza anaerobic ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu. Theka la ora limodzi lokha limawonjezera chidwi cha maselo mpaka maholide ndi masiku 3-5. Koma mukasiya kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, nthawi yomweyo zimakhudza kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulini.

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso chidwi cha insulini komanso kutsitsa shuga. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo.

Kodi kukana insulin ndi chiyani?

Kukana insulini ndikuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kachakudya poyankha zochita za insulin. Umu ndi momwe ma cell omwe amakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, minofu ndi chiwindi amasiya kuyankha zotsatira za insulin. Thupi limapitiliza insulin synthesis mwachangu, koma siligwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.

Mawuwa amagwira ntchito pa kuthana ndi mapuloteni, lipids ndi zochitika zina zam'mimba. Izi zitha kukhudza dongosolo lililonse la metabolic, kapena onse nthawi imodzi. Pafupifupi matenda onse azachipatala, kukana insulini sikuzindikirika mpaka kuwonekera kwa ma metabolism mu metabolism.

Zakudya zonse mthupi (mafuta, mapuloteni, chakudya) monga malo osungirako mphamvu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masana tsiku lonse. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zochita za insulin, popeza minofu iliyonse imayimilira mosiyanasiyana. Makinawa amatha kugwira ntchito moyenera kapena ayi.

Mtundu woyamba, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito chakudya ndi mafuta popanga mamolekyulu a ATP. Njira yachiwiri imadziwika ndi kukopa kwa mapuloteni pazolinga zomwezo, chifukwa chomwe zotsatira za anabolic zama glucose zimachepa.

1. Kulenga kwa ATP,
2. shuga insulin kwenikweni.

Pali kulekanitsidwa kwa njira zonse za metabolic komanso kuyambitsa zovuta zamagulu.

Kukana kwa insulini ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga a prediabetes ndi mtundu 2. Ndi kukana insulini, thupi limalephera kuyankha molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imatulutsa. Insulin imapangidwa ndi kapamba ndipo amathandizira kuteteza thupi ku shuga wambiri (glucose). Glucose ndi gwero lamphamvu, komabe, owonjezera ake ndi ovulaza thanzi.

Mitundu imayambitsa kukana insulini

Asayansi sangatchulepo zifukwa zenizeni zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kuyamba kulimbana ndi insulin. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti imawonekera mwa omwe amakhala ndi moyo wongokhala, wonenepa kwambiri, kapena wongobadwa nawo. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi zitha kukhalanso njira zamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala ena.

Kukana kwa insulin ndi vuto la kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu onse. Amakhulupirira kuti amayamba chifukwa cha majini omwe adayamba kukhala ambiri panthawi ya chisinthiko. Mu 1962, zidadziwika kuti iyi ndi njira yopulumutsira chakudya nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa imathandizira kudzikundikira kwamafuta m'thupi munthawi yazakudya zambiri.

Asayansi akhala ndi njala kwa nthawi yayitali. Omaliza kupulumuka ndi omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi chibadwa chokhala ndi insulin. Tsoka ilo, masiku ano, njira imodzimodziyo "imagwira ntchito" pakupanga kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa, komanso matenda a shuga 2.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ali ndi vuto lakumtunduwu pakufalitsira chizindikiro atalumikiza insulin ndi receptor yawo. Izi zimatchedwa zolakwika za postreceptor. Choyamba, kusamutsidwa kwa glupose transporter GLUT-4 kumasokonezedwa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kufooka kwa mitundu ina yomwe imapereka kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba ndi lipids (mafuta) zinapezekanso. Awa ndi majini a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase, lipoprotein lipase, mafuta acid synthase ndi ena.

Ngati munthu ali ndi chibadwa chokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, ndiye kuti amatha kuzindikira kapena osayambitsa matenda a metabolic komanso matenda a shuga. Zimatengera moyo. Zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo chachikulu ndimakudya ochulukirapo, makamaka kumwa mafuta osakanikirana (shuga ndi ufa), komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi ochepa.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, kutsutsana kwa insulin, minyewa, chiwindi ndi minyewa ya adipose ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuchipatala. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi insulini, shuga wochepa amalowa ndikutentha mu maselo a minofu. Mu chiwindi, pachifukwa chomwecho, kuwonongeka kwa glycogen kupita ku glucose (glycogenolysis) kumayambitsa, komanso kaphatikizidwe ka glucose kuchokera ku amino acid ndi zina "zopangira" (gluconeogenesis).

Kukana kwa insulin kwa minofu ya adipose kumawonekera chifukwa chakuti kusakanikirana kwa insulin kumafooka. Poyamba, izi zimathetsedwa ndikuwonjezereka kwa pancreatic insulin. Mu magawo amtsogolo a matendawa, mafuta ochulukirapo amapezeka mu glycerin ndi mafuta achilengedwe aulere. Koma nthawi imeneyi, kuchepa thupi sikumabweretsa chisangalalo chochuluka.

Glycerin ndi mafuta aulere acids amalowa m'chiwindi, pomwe lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri imapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Izi ndizinthu zoyipa zomwe zimayikidwa pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, ndipo atherosclerosis ikupita patsogolo. Kuchuluka kwa glucose, komwe kumawoneka chifukwa cha glycogenolysis ndi gluconeogeneis, kumalowanso m'magazi kuchokera pachiwindi.

Zizindikiro za kagayidwe kachakudya mwa anthu zimatengera chitukuko cha matenda ashuga. Chifukwa kukana insulini kwazaka zambiri kwabwezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi maselo a beta a kapamba. Zikatero, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kumawonedwa - hyperinsulinemia.

Hyperinsulinemia yokhala ndi shuga m'magazi ndi chizindikiro cha insulin komanso harbinger wa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu 2. Popita nthawi, maselo a beta a kapamba amasiya kulimbana ndi katundu, yemwe amakhala wokwera kangapo kuposa masiku onse. Amatulutsa insulini yocheperako komanso yocheperako, wodwala amakhala ndi shuga wambiri komanso matenda ashuga.

Choyamba, gawo loyamba la insulin secretion limavutika, i.e, kutulutsa kwa insulin mwachangu m'magazi poyankha katundu. Ndipo basal (maziko) obisika wa insulin amakhalanso ochulukirapo. Mwazi wa magazi ukakwera, umakulanso minofu ya insulin komanso umalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa maselo a beta mu secretion ya insulin. Njira imeneyi yopezera matenda a shuga imatchedwa "glucose toxicity."

Kunenepa kwambiri (kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri pamimba), moyo wongokhala, komanso chakudya chamafuta kwambiri ndizomwe zimayambitsa kukana insulini. Mwa azimayi ena, matendawa amakula pomwe ali ndi pakati ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi gestational matenda a shuga. Matenda angapo amaphatikizidwanso ndikupanga insulin. Izi zimaphatikizira matenda amtima, matenda a chiwindi osakhala mowa, komanso polycystic ovary syndrome.

Pomaliza, zinthu zingapo zoopsa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikukula kwa insulin:

• Milandu ya matenda ashuga pakati pa abale apamtima.
• Moyo wapaulendo.
• Mtundu (oimira mafuko ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu).
• Zaka (monga inu okulirapo, chiopsezo chanu).
• Mahomoni.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a steroid.
• Kumwa mankhwala ena ake.
• Kuperewera kwa kugona.
• Kusuta.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukana insulini sizikudziwika. Amakhulupirira kuti zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika m'magawo angapo: kuchokera pakusintha kwa molekyulu ya insulin komanso kusowa kwa insulin receptors kupita pamavuto a kufalikira kwa chizindikiro.

Izi zingachitike chifukwa chimodzi kapena zingapo:

1. Kunenepa kwambiri - kuphatikiza insulin kukana 75% ya milandu. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa 40% kuchokera ku chizolowezi kumabweretsa kutsika komweko kwa kutsika kwa chidwi cha insulin. Chiwopsezo china cha kusowa kwa metabolic ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwam'mimba, i.e. pamimba.Chowonadi ndi chakuti minofu ya adipose, yomwe imapangidwa pakhoma lamkati lakumbuyo, imadziwika ndi zochita zapamwamba za metabolic, ndikuchokera kuti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamafuta acid kumalowa m'magazi.
2. Genetics ndiye kufalitsa majini okonzekereratu ku matenda a insulini komanso matenda a shuga. Ngati achibale apafupi amakhala ndi matenda ashuga, mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta za insulin sensitivity ndiwambiri kwambiri, makamaka ndi moyo womwe simungawutchule wathanzi. Amakhulupirira kuti kukana koyambirira kunapangidwira kuthandiza anthu. Munthawi yokhutitsidwa bwino, anthu amapulumutsa mafuta, mwa anjala - okhawo omwe anali ndi malo ochulukirapo, ndiye kuti, anthu omwe ali ndi insulin kukana, adapulumuka. Zakudya zambiri masiku ano zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa komanso matenda ashuga.
3. Kuperewera kwa zolimbitsa thupi - kumabweretsa kuti minofu imafuna zakudya zochepa. Koma ndi minofu yam'mimba yomwe imadya 80% ya shuga kuchokera m'magazi. Ngati maselo am'mimba amafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuti athandizire ntchito zawo zofunika, amayamba kunyalanyaza insulin yomwe imanyamula shuga mwa iwo.
4. Age - patatha zaka 50, mwayi wa kukana insulini ndi matenda ashuga ndi 30% kuposa.
5. Zakudya Zabwino - kudya kwambiri zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kukonda shuga wowonjezera kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kupanga mwachangu insulin, ndipo chifukwa chake, kusafuna kwa maselo amthupi kuzizindikiritsa, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.
6. Mankhwala - mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa zovuta za insulin - corticosteroids (mankhwalawa a rheumatism, mphumu, leukemia, hepatitis), beta-blockers (arrhythmia, myocardial infarction), thiazide diuretics (diuretics), vitamini B

Heredity monga chinthu chodziwikiratu kukana kwa insulin ndikofala. Koma popeza chisonyezicho sichidziwika nthawi zambiri, matenda amtundu amatha kupezeka chifukwa cha matenda opezeka paliponse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati banja lili ndi abale omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kunenepa kwambiri, kapena matenda oopsa.

• Matenda amtundu wokhala ndi kukana insulini amatenga mbali yachiwiri,
• Kukula kwa insulin kukana kungathe kupewedwa mothandizidwa ndi njira zopewera: moyo wokangalika ndi kuwunika pafupipafupi zakudya.

Kutsutsana ndi insulin komanso metabolic syndrome, yomwe imatchedwanso insulin kukana syndrome, ndiosiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake:

1. Poyambirira, tikulimbana ndi kukana kwina kwa maselo ku insulin,
2. Mu chachiwiri - osiyanasiyana a zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka kwa matenda amtima dongosolo ndi mtundu II matenda a shuga.

Mndandanda wamatenda amisala a mahomoni ndi metabolic metabolism amaphatikizapo:

• Kunenepa kwambiri pamimba,
• Matenda oopsa
• Kukana insulini
• Hyperlipidemia.

Limagwirira a kupezeka kwa kuwonetsera zoipa mu matenda X zachokera kukopa kukana ndi hyperinsulinemia pa thupi la munthu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko komanso zinthu zomwe zili pachiwopsezo

Pali zinthu zingapo zoopsa, monga mtundu, zaka, komanso matenda abanja, zomwe sitingathe kuzilamulira. Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chokhala ndi insulini, muyenera kuchepa thupi (ngakhale 10% imachita mbali), pang'onopang'ono gwiritsani ntchito thupi kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino. Mumakonda mafuta othandiza okha.

Ngati mwadwala matenda a shuga kapena mukuvutikanso nawo, kukana insulini nthawi zambiri kumatha mukangobadwa. Komabe, mfundo yoti matendawa alipo alipo imawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 m'moyo wam'tsogolo. Matenda a shuga ochitika mthupi amayenera kuwonetsa kusintha kwa zakudya ndi moyo kuti muchepetse ngozizi.

Mimba ndi Insulin Resistance

Ma molekyulu a glucose ndiye gwero lamphamvu kwa onse mayi ndi mwana. Panthawi yakukula kwa mwana, thupi lake limayamba kufuna kuchuluka kwa glucose ochulukirapo. Chofunikira ndichakuti kuyambira pa 3 trimester ya mimba, zofuna za shuga zimapezekanso.

Nthawi zambiri, makanda amakhala ndi shuga wotsika magazi kuposa amayi. Mu ana, pafupifupi 0,6-1.1 mmol / lita, ndipo mwa akazi ndi 3.3-6.6 mmol / lita. Mbewu ikakula ikafika pamtengo wokwanira, mayi amatha kuyamba kukhala ndi insulin.

Glucose onse omwe amalowa m'thupi la amayi kwenikweni samangiriridwa ndipo amatumizidwa kwa mwana wosabadwayo kuti asataye michere pakukula.

Izi zimayendetsedwa ndi placenta, yomwe ndiye gwero loyambirira la TNF-b. Pafupifupi 95% yazinthu izi zimalowa m'magazi a mayi wapakati, zotsalazo zimalowa m'thupi la mwana. Ndiye kuwonjezeka kwa TNF-b komwe ndiko chifukwa chachikulu cha kukana insulin panthawi ya bere.

Pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana, msinkhu wa TNF-b umatsika mwachangu komanso mofanananira, kumva kwa insulin kumabwereranso. Mavuto amatha kuchitika mwa azimayi onenepa kwambiri, chifukwa amapanga TNF-b yochulukirapo kuposa amayi omwe ali ndi thupi labwinobwino. Mwa akazi otere, kukhala ndi pakati kumakhala nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi zovuta zingapo.

Kukana kwa insulini kumabweretsa shuga wokwanira wamwazi, yemwe amapangitsa kuti ntchito ya pancreatic iwonjezeke, komanso matenda a shuga. Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi umachuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ya adipose iwonjezeke. Mafuta ochulukirapo amachepetsa mphamvu ya insulin.

Chozungulira chozungulira ichi chimayambitsa kulemera kwambiri ndipo chimatha kubala. Cholinga chake ndikuti minofu ya adipose imatha kupanga testosterone, ndikuwonjezereka kwa momwe mimba singatheke.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kukana insulini panthawi yovomerezeka ndizachilendo, kumakhala kwathupi lathupi. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti glucose ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha mwana wakhanda m'mimba. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndiye kuti pakufunika. Kuchokera lachitatu trimester ya glucose, mwana wosabadwayo amayamba kusowa, placenta imaphatikizidwa ndikuwongolera komwe ikuyenda.

Mwa amayi omwe ali ndi zovuta zowonjezera thupi komanso zovuta zapakati, kukana insulini kumatha kupitirira kubereka, zomwe zimawonjezera chiwopsezo chawo cha matenda ashuga.