Kodi magazi a shuga amachokera kuti?

Mu ana kuyambira obadwa mpaka 1 chaka chimodzi, shuga mu magazi (kuyambira chala) ali m'magawo a 2.8-4.4 mayunitsi. Kuyeza magazi kwa shuga kumawoneka ngati koyenera pamlingo wa magawo 3.3-5.0 a ana kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka zisanu. Kwa ana opitilira zaka 5, chizolowezi chimakhala chofanana ndi cha akulu. Zizindikiro zimawonetsa matenda ashuga okhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba kuposa mayunitsi 6.1.

Mukatsimikizira ndikutsimikiza

Pakufunika kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'milandu yotsatirayi:

• wodwala akaganiziridwa kuti akudwala matenda a shuga,
• opaleshoni yolowerera ndi njira zowukira zomwe zimafuna kuyambitsa opaleshoni,
• mukamawunika wodwala matenda amtima komanso matenda a atherosulinosis,
• ngati chinthu chofunikira popanga mawunikidwe amitundu,
• ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda ashuga owongolera chithandizo,
• wodwala akakhala pachiwopsezo, ndiye kuti, pakati pa iwo omwe ali ndi wonenepa kwambiri, ali ndi chithunzi cholakwika cha cholowa, matenda osiyanasiyana a kapamba.

2. Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi

Ngati mwana adayikidwa kuwunikaku, ndiye kuti pali zifukwa zazikulu zofunikira. Kuyesedwa kwa biochemical magazi kumachitika pakakhala kukayikira kosemphana ndi thupi. Mwachitsanzo, kusanthula kungathandize kuzindikira matenda a chiwindi, matenda owopsa a chiwindi, matenda a shuga, kapena matenda oopsa.

3. Kuyesa kwa magazi a Serological

Palinso gawo lina la muyezo - ma milligram pa desilita imodzi. Pankhaniyi, chizolowezi chimakhala - 70-105 mg / dl mukamamwa magazi a capillary.

Ndikotheka kusintha chizindikirochi kuchokera kuchiyeso chimodzi kupita kwina mwa kuchulukitsa zotsatira za mmol / lita ndi 18.

Mwa ana, zinthu zimasiyana malinga ndi zaka. Asanakwanitse chaka chimodzi adzakhala 2.8-4.4 mmol / lita. Mwa ana osakwana zaka zisanu, kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol pa lita. Eya, ndi ukalamba, umafika pachikhalidwe cha wamkulu.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, shuga wamagazi ndi 3.8-5.8 mmol / lita imodzi pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kupatuka pachizolowezi kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda a shuga kapena chifukwa cha matenda oopsa. Ndikofunikira kubwereza kusanthula ndipo shuga akamakwera pamwamba pa 6.0 mmol / lita, pangani mayeso amtundu ndikuchita maphunziro angapo ofunikira.

Coagulogram

The coagulogram imakulolani kuti muwone zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwa hepatatic system mwa mayi wapakati komanso zovuta zina za pakati ndipo, chifukwa chake, khalani olondola. Hemostasis ndi kuphatikiza kwa magawo amitsempha yamagazi ndi magazi, kulumikizana komwe kumatsimikizira kukonzanso umphumphu wa khoma la mtima komanso kuyimitsidwa kwa magazi ngati magazi awonongeka.

Coagulogram imayenera kutengedwa kamodzi pa trimester, ndipo ngati pali kupatuka mu hemostasis, pafupipafupi, monga momwe dokotala walangizira. Magazi kuti aunikidwe amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha m'mawa wopanda kanthu.

Makulidwe akuluakulu a coagulogram

Fibrinogen - mapuloteni, omwe ali patsogolo pa fibrin, omwe amapanga maziko a zovala nthawi ya magazi.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'maselo ofiira a m'magazi - maselo ofiira am'magazi - pali hemoglobin yaying'ono yokhala ndi chitsulo. Ndi chithandizo chake, maselo athu amalandira okosijeni, ngati hemoglobin sikokwanira, ziwalo ndi minofu zimavutika ndi kusowa kwa oxygen, zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

ROE - ndi chiyani?

Matenda a shuga ndiye chachikulu, koma osati chifukwa chokha cha shuga. Chizindikiro ichi chikhoza kukhala chapamwamba kuposa chazomwe zili m'mikhalidwe iyi:

• kupsinjika m'maganizo ndi m'thupi,
• khunyu
• matenda a pituitary gland, adrenal gland, chithokomiro England,
• kudya musanapendeke
• zotsatira za poizoni (mwachitsanzo, carbon monoxide),
• kumwa mankhwala ena (nicotinic acid, thyroxine, diuretics, corticosteroids, estrogens, indomethacin).

Mchere wotsika umawonedwa ndi:

Pali milandu pamene kuthana ndi magazi kumachitika poyeserera kangapo kamodzi. Kusanthula kwa labotale kumafuna magazi okwanira, motero magazi a venous amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kugwira kwake kungadalilidwe ndi pafupifupi 12%. Manambala omwe ali pamwambawa ndiabwinobwino kwa munthu wathanzi. Pazinthu zotsutsana, kuyesedwa kumachitika ndi katundu. Kuti izi zitheke, wodwalayo amamwa kapu yamadzi yokhala ndi glucose ndipo sampu imatengedwa ndikuwunikira mphindi 30 zilizonse kwa maola awiri.

Mwazi wamagazi umatchedwa glycemia, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga - hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Pamaso pa hyperglycemia, shuga wambiri m'magazi a munthu ayenera kuchepetsedwa. Ngati magazi a wodwala afika pamilingo yayitali nthawi zonse, izi, kuwonjezera pa kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, zimapangitsanso kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Izi, monga lamulo, zimakhudza maso, impso ndi miyendo ya wodwala matenda ashuga.

Kukonzekera njirayi

Kukonzekera zopereka zamagazi kuti zioneke kumafunikira kukhazikitsa malamulo ena:

• wodwalayo ayenera kupereka magazi kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu (pamimba yopanda kanthu), ndikofunikira kuti kusiyana pakudya chamadzulo kusanachitike kusanthula kwa maola osachepera khumi. Ndiye kuti, ngati magazi amachokera 8 koloko m'mawa, ndiye kuti chakudya chomaliza chimayenera kukhala nthawi ya 10 madzulo.
• ndikofunikira kuyang'anira thanzi lanu musanayesedwe, ngati zingatheke, pewani kupsinjika ndikupewa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso,
• osuta akulangizidwa kuti musavutike kusuta tsiku loyesa,
• pamaso pa kuzizira, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa dokotala.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, njira yotolera magazi imachitika m'mawa musanadye.

Apa muyenera kufotokoza bwino za momwe wodwala ayenera kuchitira popanda kudya asanapereke magazi. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, magazi amatengedwa kuti awunikidwe, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, pamimba yopanda kanthu, maola khumi pambuyo chakudya, ngakhale kupatula kungachitike. Amatha kugula chakudya m'maola asanu ndi anayi, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kudya popanda chakudya kuposa omwe akudwala mtundu 2, komanso odwala athanzi. Omaliza, mwa njira, akulangizidwa kuti asadye maola 12.

Kodi magazi a shuga amachokera kuti? Monga lamulo, amachotsedwa chala, chifukwa sibwino kutenga magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha kuti mungodziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Koma ngati kusanthula kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumachitika, ndiye kuti njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zotsatira ziziwonetsa

Kwa odwala akuluakulu, Zizindikiro zamagazi a m'magazi (mamol pa lita imodzi) samadalira jenda ndipo pamimba yopanda kanthu amayenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro mu 3.3-5.7. Pamene kusanthula kumachitika ndikutola magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha ya wodwala (komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu), ndiye kuti zofunika pazizowonekera ndizosiyana 4 - 6.1.

Ngati mwa odwala akuluakulu mulibe kusiyana mu mtundu wamagulu a shuga, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mwanayo kumadalira msinkhu wa mwana. Mwa ana osakwana miyezi 12, ayenera kukhala 2.8-4.4. Kwa anyamata omwe ali ndi chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka zisanu, chizindikiro chokwanira chidzakhala - 3.3 mpaka 5.5. Kenako, ana okulirapo amapereka magazi malinga ndi "miyezo ya akulu."

Chizindikiro cha shuga wamagazi mwa amayi apakati chimakhalanso ndi zosiyana. Munthawi imeneyi, ndi 3.8-5.8 pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ngati kupatuka kwachikhalidwe chokhazikika kwadziwika, ndiye kuti zitha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga kapena kuyambika kwa matenda ena akulu. Potere, mudzafunika kuwunikiranso kachiwiri, kuti mutsimikizire kuchuluka kwa shuga, omwe ndi 6.0, pangani zitsanzo zokhala ndi katundu ndi njira zina kuti mutsirize.

Pali magawo ena a muyezo, mwachitsanzo, amatha kuwonedwa m'mamiligram pa desilita iliyonse. Kenako chizolowezi chimakhala 70-105 chikachotsedwa chala. Ngati ndi kotheka, chizindikiro chimodzi chimatha kusinthidwa kukhala china ndikuchulukitsa zotsatila za timadontho-18.

Kodi kulolera shuga ndi chiyani

Monga momwe mudazindikira, kukambirana pamwambapa kunali kokhudza izi. kuti kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ndipo izi sizosangalatsa kwa madotolo, ndizochita zolimbitsa thupi, chifukwa mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumawonjezeka, motero kumakhalitsa kwakanthawi. Kutsimikizira kapena kupatula matenda a shuga, njira monga kuyezetsa magazi yomwe yatengedwa ndi katundu imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chofunikira chake ndikuti poyamba, monga malingaliro amafunikira, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera pachala pomwe wodwala sanadye. Pambuyo pake, amapemphedwa kuti amwe njira yothetsera shuga. Pakatha ola limodzi, kenako ndikupuma awiri, kusanthula kwachiwiri kumachitika. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kuyesa kwa kulolera kwa shuga (glucose) kapena kumatchedwanso kuyesa kwa kupsinjika. Zimapangitsa kuti muzitha kudziwa chomwe chimatchedwa mtundu wamtundu wa shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yofananayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakakhala zovuta zoyipa za maphunziro ena.

Chofunikira: Pamene kuwunikirako kumachitika ndi katundu, pakatikati pake wodwalayo amayenera kuwona zoletsa zonse mu chakudya ndi zakumwa. Kuphatikiza apo, sayenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kupsinjika, chifukwa zotsatira zake zingakhale zosokoneza.

Kodi chizindikiritso cha kulolera kwa shuga ndi chiyani?

• pambuyo pa ola limodzi, chizindikiro chizikhala chokwanira 8.8,
• pambuyo maola awiri - pazipita 7.8.

Pambuyo pa njirayi, onaninso zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka phunziroli.

Kutengera zonena za shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zotsatirazi zikuwonetsedwa:

• hyperglycemic. Iyenera kukhala yopitilira 1.7,
• hypoglycemic - chikhazikitso cha chizindikiro ichi chimayenera kukhala chokwanira kwambiri cha 1.3.

Kusanthula zizindikiritso za shuga osala kudya komanso mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, madokotala amabwera kuti, ngati ndizabwinobwino ndi mawonekedwe okwera, kuti wodwalayo ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda am'tsogolo m'tsogolo. Ngakhale odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, amawunikira kuti awerenge pa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated. Mitengo yabwinobwino ndi 5.7 peresenti.

Kutengera chizindikiritso ichi, mulingo woyenera kulipira shuga wambiri umatsimikizika mokwanira ndipo chithandizo chimasinthidwa. Komabe, pakadali pano, njirayi siigwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa chakuti zinthu zambiri zimalepheretsa izi. kuyambitsa zabodza.

Kupatuka kumachitika

Kupatuka kumatha kufotokozedwa ngati kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa zizindikiro. Choyamba, onani zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga wamagazi akwere:

• kudya kwa wodwala, ndiko kuti, mutatha kudya - kaya ndi chakudya cham'mawa kapena chakudya chamadzulo - msuzi wam shuga umakwera,
• pamene panali masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena wodwala atasangalatsidwa kwambiri,
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena a mahomoni, adrenaline, kukonzekera kwa thyroxine,
• Chifukwa cha matenda omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kapamba ndi chithokomiro.
• wodwalayo ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso matenda oletsa shuga.

Zomwe zimakhudza shuga wochepa:

• odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso okhala ndi mlingo waukulu wa mankhwala omwe amatsitsa kuchepetsa shuga ndikudumphira zakudya,
• Pakakhala milandu ya insulin,
• wodwalayo adadedwa nthawi yayitali kudya, kugwa ndi njala,
• ndi mowa
• zotupa zapachifuwa,
• chifukwa cha poyizoni wakale wa arsenic, chloroform ndi ziphe zina,
• matenda a kapamba, gastroenteritis,
• pambuyo opaleshoni matenda a m'mimba.

Palibe matenda ngati amenewo popanda zizindikiro zake. Matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi glucose wamagazi amakhalanso ndi zizindikiro zawo. Odwala omwe ali ndi shuga yambiri, akhoza kukhala:

• kamwa yowuma
• kukhalapo kwa chilimbikitso chowonjezeka ndi kumangokhala ndi njala,
• kukodza pafupipafupi,
• nkhawa nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kuyabwa kwa khungu
• wodwalayo ali ndi kupatuka mu mawonekedwe a kusintha kwa trophic pakhungu kumapeto pang'ono.

Pamene shuga ndi ochepa:

• wodwala amakhala ndi kufooka kwa thupi ndi kutopa kochulukirapo,
• Nthawi zambiri odwala amakhala ndi vuto la kuwonjezereka,
• kupezeka kwa mutu ndi chidwi chofuna kusanza,
• kukomoka
• kugonja kwa chikumbumtima, komwe kumatha kutha ndi chikomokere (hypoglycemic),
• khungu limatha kuzizira komanso kunyowa.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amamwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ali ndi shuga wambiri. Monga mukudziwa, zaumoyo, nthawi zina, pamakhala owopsa kwambiri komanso okwera mitengo. Pankhani imeneyi, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti njirayi imafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuwunikira mosalekeza.

Izi zimagwira ntchito, choyamba, kwa odwala omwe amamwa jakisoni wa insulin. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuwongolera kotereku kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, odwala amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito chida chonyamula - glucometer, yomwe imakulolani kuyeza shuga. Iyi ndi njira imodzi yodalirika komanso yotsimikizika yolamulira nyumba yanu.

Ndondomeko

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa? Magazi a shuga, amachokera kuti pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer? - Mafunso awa ndi enanso nthawi zambiri amabwera mwa odwala omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi. Mayankho ake ali pansipa:

1. Chithandizo cha antiseptic chimachitika pamalo pomwe chala chimapangidwapo kukokera magazi kuti afufuze.
2. Msonga wa chala umakakamizidwa kuti uchedwetse magazi, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi chovala chamalo, gawo lomwe lakhazikitsidwa kuti litenge magazi limabayidwa.
3. Sepa yothimbirira yokonzedwa kale imachotsa dontho loyamba pachala.
4. Dontho lachiwiri limayikidwa pa mzere woyezera, womwe umayikidwapo kale muzida zoyesera shuga.
5. Ndipo gawo lomaliza la njirayi, kuwunika kwa zotsatira kumachitika.

Mukamamwa sampuli ya venous, njira zotsatirazi zimachitika:

• musanatenge magazi, wodwalayo amakokedwa ndi bokosi lapadera, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala pamwamba pa chopondera, kuti zotupa zabwino kwambiri zamitsempha komanso kuti zitheke kulowa msempha ndi singano
• woperekera chithandizo omwe amatenga magaziwo amafunsa wodwalayo kuti asatchule komanso kufinya dzanja kangapo. Izi zimachitika kuti mitsempha ikhale yotsika mtengo.
• Mitsempha yofunikayo itadziwika bwino, othandizira ma labotale amapangira malo a jakisoni ndikuyika singano. Wodwalayo ayenera kupumula dzanja.
• magazi ena amatengedwa mu syringe, yofunikira pakuwunika koyenera. Magazi a Venous ali ndi khungu lakuda kuposa capillary.
• njirayi ikatha, swab ya mowa imayikidwa pamalo opangira magazi. Ndipo ndikakanikiza manja a wodwalayo m'chiuno, swabyo imakanikizidwa, ndipo magazi amatuluka.

Tsoka ilo, sipanakhalepo matenda ochepa a shuga m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo matendawa afala kwambiri. Kusanthulaku kumawulula kupatuka kuzinthu wamba, kumakuthandizani kuti mupeze zamatsenga akadali gawo loyambirira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mwayi omwe mavuto azitha kupewedwa.

Koma kuti zotsatira za phunzirolo zisanenedwe, muyenera kutsatira malingaliro opereka magazi, omwe adanenedwa pamwambapa. Tidapeza magazi a shuga, komwe amachokera, momwe tingachitire kunyumba.

Tidaphunziranso kuti magazi amatengedwa m'njira ziwiri: ndikalipira chala padzanja komanso kuchokera mu mtsempha. Mulimonsemo, magazi a venous amayesedwa chifukwa magazi ochepa amakhala ndi shuga wambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma cell amapanga glucose, ndipo amataika m'thupi lathu.

Kutenga magazi kumiyendo nthawi zambiri sikuti kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kopweteka pang'ono.Ena amazindikira kuti ndizosavuta kwambiri kupereka magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha kuposa chala chala. Komabe, chilondacho sichiyenera kuchira kwakanthawi, chimachiritsa mwachangu, ndipo posakhalitsa mumayiwala. Tsopano zikungosintha zotsatira. Koma kuchita nokha osayenerera, adotolo ayenera kutero, adzakulangizani chithandizo choyenera.

Odwala omwe amawonetsa matenda a shuga sayenera kuzengereza kukaonana ndi endocrinologist. Koma ngakhale wodwalayo alibe chizindikiro cha matendawa, mwachitsanzo, ludzu, kuyanika ndi khungu lake, kutopa kwambiri, koma pali odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga m'mabanja, ndiye kuti mwina pali zomwe zidzawonekere ku matendawo. Zikatero, muyenera kuyesedwa kwa shuga kamodzi pachaka.

Ngati palibe cholowa chabadwa, kwa odwala omwe zaka sizinafike zaka 40 - onetsetsani kamodzi pazaka zisanu, ndipo pambuyo pa 40 - kamodzi zaka zitatu.