Matenda a shuga - matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati

Amayi ambiri oyembekezera amakhala ndi mantha enieni dokotala akapima matenda a shuga. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa mwana wosabadwa? Ndi mkazi wapakati kwambiri? Tikufotokozera kuti matenda a shuga ndi chiyani, amayamba bwanji komanso angatani, komanso ngati matendawa amayamba okha.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga

Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga omwe amachititsa kuti shuga azimayi ambiri achuluke. Amayi atatu mpaka asanu ndi atatu peresenti ya azimayi onse oyembekezera amakhala ndi matendawa, chifukwa kapamba samachita ntchito yake yonse ndipo samapanga insulin yokwanira. Insulin ndiyofunikira kunyamula shuga yomwe imalowa ndi chakudya kuchokera kumagazi kupita ku maselo.

Matenda a gestational amapezeka nthawi zambiri kuyambira mwezi wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa pakati, ndipo nthawi zambiri amadzikhalira okha atabereka. Tsoka ilo, matendawa akuwoneka kuti ndi zizindikiro za atypical. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri a gynecologists amati kuyambira pa sabata la 24 la mimba kuti akayezetse magazi pofuna kulolera shuga, yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi motero imazindikira matenda a shuga.

Pali zinthu zina zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale matenda a shuga. Izi ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, komanso matenda ashuga m'mabanja ena. Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda ashuga gestational panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati, chizindikiritsochi chibwereza ndikutenga pakati mtsogolo ndi mwayi wa 50%.

Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga

Ngati matenda ashuga a m'magazi sanalandiridwe kapena kuyamba kulandira chithandizo kumapeto kwa matendawa, izi zimatha kubweretsa zovuta ku akhanda. Ambiri mwa ana awa ndi olemera kwambiri ndipo amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 4,500 pakubadwa. Ambiri aiwo, monga akulu, nawonso amakonda kuchita kunenepa kwambiri. Ndipo mwana aliyense wachitatu pofika zaka 30 amatha kupezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Mavuto ena omwe amakhalapo chifukwa cha matenda ashuga nthawi yapakati siukukula kwathunthu kwa ziwalo zofunika, monga mtima ndi mapapu, mwa khanda. Matenda azisamba amtunduwu amawonjezera chiopsezo cha kubadwa msanga ndi kufa kwa ana masiku oyamba amoyo.

Zakudya zoyenera kwa matenda ashuga

Mukazindikira matenda ashuga oyembekezera, azimayi ambiri ndikokwanira kusintha zakudya zawo. Moyenera, izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kusamala ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe mumadya. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zamafuta ambiri ndi izi: zinthu zonse monga chimanga, granola, mkate, mpunga, ndi pasitala. Maswiti, makeke, tchipisi kapena ayisikilimu nawonso ali m'gulu lazogulitsazi.

Ndi matenda a shuga a gestational, ndikofunikira kupewa zakudya zonse zomwe zili ndi shuga wambiri, monga chokoleti ndi maswiti osiyanasiyana. Ngati mumapewa kudya zakudya zakumwambazi, shuga wanu wamagazi amatsika mofulumira. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zoyera za ufa, monga mkate Woyera, pasitala kapena mpunga wothira, zimawonjezera shuga. M'malo mwake, kondani mbewu zonse. Amachepetsa kwambiri shuga.

Koma kusintha zakudya sikokwanira, kuwongolera magazi mpaka kumapeto kwa mimba, ndikofunikira kubaya insulin.

Kupewa matenda ashuga

Simungathe kupewa zinthu zomwe zingaike pachiwopsezo monga matenda obwera ndi matenda ashuga. Koma mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga nthawi yapakati, pewani kunenepa kwambiri komanso samalani ndi zomwe mumadya. Zakudya zoyenera zomwe zimakhala ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mbewu zonse, komanso mafuta ochepa komanso shuga ndizofunikira kwambiri panthawi yapakati.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Pa mimba, gawo lina la endocrine, placenta, limawonekera m'thupi. Ma mahomoni ake - prolactin, chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, corticosteroids, estrogen - amachepetsa chiwopsezo cha zimakhala za mayi kupita ku insulin. Ma antibodies ku insulin receptors amapangidwa, kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni mu placenta kumadziwika. Kagayidwe ka matupi a ketone kumalimbikitsidwa, ndipo glucose imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazofunikira za mwana wosabadwayo. Monga chipukutira, mapangidwe a insulin amathandizidwa.

Nthawi zambiri, chitukuko cha kukana insulini ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi mukatha kudya. Koma kumwa kwa chakudya ndi mwana wosabadwayo pophunzira kusala magazi kumadzetsa vuto la hypoglycemia. Pokhala ndi kutengera kwa chibadwa cha matenda ashuga, zida zamagetsi sizimalimbana ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimayambika ndipo matenda amakula.

Pangozi ya matendawa ndi azimayi:

onenepa kwambiri
zaka zopitilira 30
olemedwa ndi chibadwa,
wokhala ndi mbiri yosavomerezeka
ndi zovuta kagayidwe kachakudya mafuta adapezeka musanabadwe.

Matendawa amakula pakapita miyezi 6 ndi pakati ya pakati. Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kokulira kwa mtundu wina wa matendawa atatha zaka 10-15.

Kuzindikira kwa matenda abwinobwino a amayi apakati nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta chifukwa cha asymptomatic course. Njira yayikulu yodziwira zovuta za metabolic ndi mayeso a labotale.

Kuyeserera koyambirira

Mayi woyembekezera akalembetsedwa, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatsimikiziridwa. Magazi a Venous amatengedwa kuti akafufuze. Simuyenera kudya osachepera maola 8 musanawunike. Mwa akazi athanzi, chizindikirocho ndi 3.26-4.24 mmol / L. Matenda a shuga amadziwika kuti ali ndi glucose othamanga kuposa 5.1 mmol / L.

Kuwunika kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated kumakupatsani mwayi wokhazikitsa mtundu wa metabolism wa carbohydrate m'miyezi iwiri. Nthawi zambiri, mulingo wa glycosylated hemoglobin ndi 3-6%. Kuwonjezeka kwa 8% kumawonetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda opatsirana a shuga, pomwe 8-10% chiwopsezochi chili pang'ono, ndi 10% kapena kuposerapo - kukwera.

Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana mkodzo wa glucose. 10% ya amayi apakati amadwala glucosuria, koma sangagwirizane ndi vuto la hyperglycemic, koma ndi kuphwanya kwa kusefera kwa mphamvu ya aimpso glomeruli kapena pyelonephritis yayitali.

Ichi ndi chiyani

Matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga amakula pang'onopang'ono kuposa mtundu woyamba wa shuga, madokotala atazindikira molakwika ngati mtundu wachiwiri.

Mtundu woyamba ndi nthenda ya autoimmune momwe chitetezo chathupi m'thupi chimatsutsana ndikupha ma insulin opanga ma cell. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga abwinobwino nthawi zambiri azikhala olakwika kwa mtundu wachiwiri ndikukula kwakanthawi kotalikirapo kuposa mtundu 1 wa shuga mwa ana kapena achinyamata.

Ngakhale matenda a shuga 1 amayamba kukula, nthawi zina m'masiku ochepa, izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono zaka zambiri.

Kuwonekera pang'onopang'ono kwa zizindikiro zomwe zimawonedwa mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 35 zitha kuchititsa kuti katswiri wamkulu azindikire molakwika ndikulakwitsa kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikuphatikiza:

Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse kapena kutopa nthawi zonse mukatha kudya,
Nebula m'mutu, chizungulire,
Njala ikatha kudya (makamaka mwa amayi apakati).

Momwe ma fomu apangidwe amakulira, kuthekera kwa munthu kupanga insulini kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo izi zingayambitse kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro monga:

Kulephera kuthetsa ludzu lanu
Kufunika kokodza pafupipafupi,
Kuwona koperewera
Zingwe.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kuzindikira zizindikiritso kumayambiriro, popeza kupezeka ndi matenda ashuga pambuyo pake kumawonjezera zovuta.

Zizindikiro

Kuti mudziwe zam'mimba mukakhala ndi pakati, muyenera kulumikizana ndi GP wanu, yemwe angapereke kwa endocrinologist. Kapena lemberani dokotala wanu wa matenda a m'mimba.

Nthawi zambiri matenda abwinobwino amayamba kuwapeza ngati abwinobwino. (Lembani 1 kapena 2, kapena gestational, panthawi yoyembekezera) pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwira matenda. Pambuyo pakuzindikira koyambirira, dokotala atha kukhala ndi chifukwa chokayikira kuti mtundu wodwala wabisika.

Kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga am'mawa kumatheka pang'onopang'ono poona kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi autoantiever mpaka mbiri ya pancreatic pakati pa odwala omwe apezeka kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga koma osafunikira insulin.

Mayeso a glutamate decarboxylase antibody (anti-GAD) zitha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa ma autoantibodies awa. Ma antibodies awa atithandiza kudziwa mtundu wamatenda, komanso titha kuneneratu kuchuluka kwa kudalirika kwa insulin.

Mayeso enanso omwe angachitike ndi Kuyesa kwa C-peptide. Komabe, kuyesa kwa C-peptides sikuyenera kupereka chiyembekezo chokwanira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga koyambirira koyambirira kwa matendawa.

Izi zimatha kubweretsa njira zosayenera zakumwa, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwongolera matenda osokoneza bongo ndipo zimathandizira kutayika kwa kuthekera kwa kupanga kwa insulin.

Pali zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse kukayikira kwa matenda ashuga am'mbuyomu, m'malo mwa mtundu 2 kapena gestational. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Kusowa kwa metabolic syndromes monga kunenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi cholesterol,
Hyperglycemia yosalamulika, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apakamwa,
Umboni wa matenda ena a autoimmune (kuphatikizapo matenda a Graves ndi anemia).

Chonde dziwani kuti anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga amatha kuwonetsa zomwe zimachitika mu metabolic syndrome, monga kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuti vutoli lithe.

Ntchito wamba

Zizindikiro zodziwika zimadziwika ndi zotsatira za mayeso awiri otsatirawa.

Njira ziwiri zowonera:

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose pakamwa ndi madzi otsekemera okhala ndi 75 g ya shuga ndi mayeso atatu a magazi. Kuzindikiritsa kumachitika ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zitatu zowunika za magazi zomwe zili ndi mfundo zofanana kapena zazikulu kuposa:
- 5.1 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu
- 10 mmol / l ola limodzi mutamwa madzi okoma,
- Maola 8.5 mmol / l 2 atatha kumwa shuga.
Njira yachiwiri imachitidwa m'njira ziwiri. Zimayamba ndi kuyezetsa magazi komwe kumayesa glucose 1 ola limodzi mukamamwa madzi otsekemera okhala ndi 50 g glucose nthawi iliyonse masana. Zotsatira:
- Pansi pa 7.8 mmol / L, kuyesako ndikwabwino.
- Pamwamba ndi 11.0 mmol / L ndi matenda a shuga.

Ngati zichokera ku 7.8 mpaka 11.0 mmol / l, dokotala wopemphapempha amafunsa kukayezetsanso magazi, kuyeza msanga wa kusala kwamagazi m'magazi. Izi zitsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi olondola kapena ofanana ndi:

5.3 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu
10,6 mmol / l patatha ola limodzi mutatha kudya shuga,
Maola a 9.0 mmol / L 2 atatha kumwa madzi amchere.

Njira zochizira

Chifukwa matenda amtunduwu amakula pang'onopang'ono, odwala ena amatha kukhala ndi insulin yokwanira kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino shuga popanda kufunika kwa insulini kwa miyezi ingapo, ndipo nthawi zina patadutsa zaka zambiri atazindikira koyambirira.

Nthawi zina, mankhwala a insulin angachedwe. Komabe, pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala a insulin posachedwa atazindikira kuti matenda ashuga aposachedwa athandiza kupititsa patsogolo kuthekera kwa kapamba kuti apange insulin.

Kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, mayi aliyense ayenera kugula nyumba ya glucose mita - glucometer. Zosintha ziyenera kupangidwa katatu kapena kanayi patsiku - m'mawa mutangogona, chakudya chamadzulo, mutatha kudya, musanayambe kugona.

Chithandizo cha matendawa chimayenera kuyang'ana kuwongolera hyperglycemia komanso kupewa zovuta zilizonse. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti khungu la beta lizigwira ntchito pakati pa odwala kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zolimbitsa thupi

Zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose panthawi yapakati. Pakakhala matenda a shuga a gestational kapena a latent, ndikofunikira kusintha zina zazakudya za mayi, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa chakudya m'zakudya zilizonse. Chakudya cholamulidwa ndi maziko a chithandizo. Ndikofunikira kuti musamachotse kwathunthu chakudya chamafuta, koma kuti muwapatse tsiku lonse.

Pazakudya zanu pa nthawi yoyembekezera, muyenera kuphatikizapo:

Mapuloteni
Maalty Acids Acids (OMEGA-3-6-9),
chitsulo
folic acid
Vitamini D
Calcium

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga panthawi yapakati. ndipo ili ndi maubwino ambiri azaumoyo kwa amayi apakati.

Mayi woyembekezera amalimbikitsidwa osachepera mphindi 150 zolimbitsa thupi pa sabata, mwanjira yabwino, maphunziro osachepera atatu a 30 305 mphindi iliyonse.

Kuteteza mtima ndi zochita zina (zochitidwa mofatsa pang'ono) pakakhala pakati zimaphatikizapo:

Kuyenda
Kuvina
Kukwera njinga
Kusambira
Zida zamasewera,
Kuyenda-kudutsa pamtunda
Kuthamanga (modekha).

Zonenedweratu ndi zovuta zotheka

Ketoacidosis ndichovuta chaposachedwa cha matenda ashuga am'mimba, makamaka pambuyo pancreas yataya mphamvu yake yopanga insulin. Ketoacidosis ndiyowopsa kwa mayi ndi mwana.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo kwa nthawi yayitali ndi monga:

Matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.
Retinopathy (matenda ammbuyo),
Nephropathy (matenda a impso),
Neuropathy (matenda amanjenje),
Mwana akhonza kubadwa asanakwane
Kulakwitsa
Mwana ndi wamkulu kwambiri
Mavuto ammiyendo (kutulutsa, kutupa).

Pomaliza

Kukhala ndi pakati ndi nthawi yovuta, yonse yokhudza thupi komanso yolimbitsa thupi. Kusungabe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi panthawi yapakati kumathandiza kupewa mavuto akulu kwa mayi ndi mwana wake. Kusamalidwa kwakanthawi ndi kosalekeza ndikofunikira pofufuza kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda ashuga komanso kuonetsetsa kuti magazi abwinobwino.

Kuyesedwa pa milungu 24-28 ya gestation

Ngati mayeso oyamba a trimester muyezo sanawonetse matenda a metabolism, kuyezetsa kotsatira kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa 6. Kutsimikiza kwa kulolera kwa glucose sikutanthauza kukonzekera kwapadera ndipo kumachitika m'mawa. Phunziroli limaphatikizapo kudziwa zomwe zili ndi chakudya cham'magazi othamanga, ola limodzi mutatha kudya magalamu 75, ndi maola ena awiri. Wodwala sayenera kusuta, kusuntha mwachangu, kumwa mankhwala omwe amakhudza zotsatira za kusanthula.

Ngati hyperglycemia yapezeka pakuwunika koyambirira, njira zotsatirazi sizikuchitika.

Kutsimikiza kwa shuga kulolerana ndi contraindicated milandu:

pachimake toxicosis
matenda opatsirana
kukokoloka kwa chifuwa chachikulu,
kufunika kopuma.

Magazi oyamba am'magazi a mayi woyembekezera amakhala wotsika kuposa omwe siamayi. Pambuyo pa ola limodzi lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, msambo wa glycemia mwa mayi wapakati ndi 10-11 mmol / L, atatha maola 2 - 8-10 mmol / L. Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi nthawi ya bere chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mayamwidwe m'matumbo am'mimba.

Ngati matenda a shuga apezeka pamayeso, mayiyo amalembetsa ndi endocrinologist.

Kusintha kwachidziwitso mu kagayidwe kazakudya mwa akazi ambiri amadziwika pakati pa nthawi yapakati. Kukula kwa matendawa kumatsimikiziridwa. Matenda a shuga ndi oopsa thanzi la mayi ndi mwana.Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa kupatuka ndikofunikira panthawi yothetsera matenda.

Chifukwa chiyani kuyesedwa ndikofunikira?

Nthawi zambiri matenda amachira pathupi. Mwayi wa matenda a shuga ukuwonjezeka, chifukwa chake madokotala amati kuyeza shuga m'magazi.

Kusanthula pa mimba kumachitika mwa njira zotere:

pamene nthawi zonse muli ndi ludzu
kukodza pafupipafupi,
kubadwa kwamwambo kwa matenda ashuga,
kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo kunavumbulutsa shuga,
kutopa, kuchepa thupi pafupipafupi.

Kusanthula ndikofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto a kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Kusanthula koyambirira kwa mimba

Ndondomeko imatenga pafupifupi maola awiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi panthawiyi kumasintha. Kuzindikira kumadalira mtundu wa kapamba.

Asanapange kusanthula koyamba, wodwalayo samadya kuchokera maola 8 mpaka 12, osapitilira maola 14. Mukaphwanya lamuloli, zotsatira zake sizikhala zosadalirika, chifukwa zomwe zimapezeka posakhalitsa sizingayang'anitsidwe pambuyo pake. Kudzakhala kovuta kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwotsatira kwa glucose ndi iyo. Pazifukwa izi, magazi amaperekedwa m'mawa.

Kuzindikira kwa shuga - ingomwani tsiku lililonse.

Pambuyo pa mphindi 5, muyenera kumwa madzi otsekemera kapena jakisoni. Mwa izi, njira ya shuga ya 50% imapangidwa. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito madzi amchere omwe amakhala ndi magalamu 25 a shuga. Ana amalowetsedwa osakaniza okonzedwa molingana ndi 0,5 g / kg ya kulemera.

Ndi PHTT ndi OGTT, wodwalayo m'mphindi 5 wotsatira amadya 250-300 ml ya madzi otsekemera okhala ndi 75 g shuga. Asthmatics kapena odwala angina pectoris kapena pambuyo sitiroko ayenera kudya 20 magalamu a chakudya.

Mayeso ololera a glucose amapezeka m'malo ogulitsa mankhwalawa mu mawonekedwe a ufa. Musanaponyedwe, muyenera kufunsa katswiri.

Ma sampuli angapo am'magazi amatengedwa mu ola limodzi kuti adziwe kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga, pambuyo pake atazindikira.

Sabata 24-28

Ngati mayesowa sakudziwa vuto la carbohydrate metabolism mu 1 trimester, kuyesa kotsatira kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa 6. Kuzindikira kwa kulolera kwa glucose kumachitika m'mawa popanda kukonzekera njira.

Pa kusanthula, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi pamimba yopanda kanthu kumayesedwa, ola limodzi mutatha kudya magalamu a shuga 75 pakatha maola awiri. Ndizoletsedwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugwiritsa ntchito fodya, mankhwala omwe angasinthe zotsatira za mayeso. Hyperglycemia ikapezeka ndi zotsatira za ntchito yoyamba, njira zotsatirazi sizichita.

Malangizo

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, insulini siipangidwa mokwanira; mu mtundu wa 2 matenda, maselo sawayankha bwino ma enzymes a pancreatic. Odwala 1 of4 samamvetsa za matenda awo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri sizidziwika bwino.

Timapereka kuchotsera kwa owerenga tsamba lathu!

Pa mimba, mawonekedwe a shuga amapezeka, amakumbukira matenda amtundu wa 2. Maselo mthupi amataya chidwi chawo ndi ma pancreatic enzymes. Pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana, matendawa amachoka popanda kulandira chithandizo, koma panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, mtsikanayo amachita chithandizo cha insulin kuti zovuta zisawonekere.

Njira zingapo zikuchitika pofuna kupewa mawonekedwe a matendawa.

zakudya zoyenera
zolimbitsa thupi,
kuyang'anira mosamalitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga
phindu la mwezi uliwonse limayang'aniridwa, kuyambira pa 3 trimester, cheke chimachitika sabata iliyonse,
Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachulukitsa insulin.

Kukula kwa zamatenda sikungalephereke ndi mankhwala azikhalidwe.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amayambitsa zovuta zakupha. Mwazi wamagazi ochulukirapo ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Aronova S.M. adafotokoza za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Werengani kwathunthu

Momwe mungazindikire matenda aposachedwa a shuga mwa amayi apakati

Kwa zaka zambiri osalimbana ndi ma DIABETES?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwitsidwa kuti kumakhala kovuta motani kuchiritsa matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse.

Gestationalabetes mellitus ndikuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, yemwe adadziwika kwa nthawi yoyamba panthawi yapakati. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizimamveka bwinobwino. Matenda a shuga nthawi yayitali amatha kubweretsa padera, kubadwa msanga, matenda obadwa kumene, komanso mavuto obwera kwanthawi yayitali mwa mayi.

Kuwunikira kwa matenda a shuga ochitika pakapita nthawi yobereka kumayesedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba pamene mkazi adzayendera dokotala. Kuyesa kotsatira kumachitika pa sabata la 24-28. Ngati ndi kotheka, mayi woyembekezerayo amawunikiranso.

Kodi matenda ashuga am'mbuyomu?

Matenda a shuga ndi njira yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika. Matendawa ndiodetsa nkhawa, popeza pakakhala kuti palibe chithandizo choyenera chitha kuyamba matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chakuchepa kwakanthawi kokwanira kwa chithandizo chosankhidwa bwino, matendawa nthawi zambiri amakula amadzala matenda ashuga. Matendawa amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi ludzu lochulukirapo komanso kukodza pafupipafupi.

Zowopsa

Kuzindikira mtundu waposachedwa wa shuga ndikovuta kwambiri. Matendawa samadziwonetsa kwa nthawi yayitali, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri mthupi.

Pali zinthu zina zoopsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu adziwe matenda a shuga.

Zakale - ziwerengero zimawonetsa kuti 80% ya anthu achikulire ali ndi zizindikiro za mtundu wamtundu wa shuga. Chifukwa cha izi, amasiya kuwona, thanzi lawo limayamba kulipira.
Kukhazikika kwa chiwopsezo - kusinthika kwa genotype kungayambitsenso kukula kwa matendawa. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pamaso pa zinthu zopsetsa mtima.
Kunenepa kwambiri - mapaundi owonjezera amasokoneza kagayidwe kachakudya, komwe kungayambitse kulolerana kwa shuga. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mtundu wakale wa shuga umapezeka mwa anthu 40% onenepa kwambiri.
Mimba - zoterezi zimachitika mu thupi la mkazi ndikuphwanya njira zonse za metabolic zomwe zingasokoneze kupanga kwa insulin. Popewa izi, mayi amalangizidwa kuti azisamala zaumoyo wake ndikutsatira zakudya zapadera pamene akubala mwana wosabadwayo.
Matenda a kapamba - amawononga tinthu tomwe timagwira ntchito m'thupi lathu, chifukwa chimayamba kupanga insulin yokwanira.

Ngozi yayikulu

Izi ndichifukwa choti munthu sangadziwe matenda ake kwanthawi yayitali ndikukhala moyo wabwinobwino. Komanso, satenga mankhwala apadera omwe amateteza thupi lake ku zotsatira zoyipa za matenda.

Kuyambira nthawi, chifukwa cha mtundu wotsika wa matenda a shuga, mitsempha yamagazi imakumana ndi vuto lalikulu: imatambalala ndipo imatha kubisidwa. Izi zimabweretsa chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha stroketi komanso kugunda kwa mtima, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe, ndikupanga phazi la matenda ashuga. Ndi kusazindikira kwa matenda awo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu matenda.

Mtundu womaliza wa matenda ashuga ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kuzindikirika mwangozi. Ngakhale izi, anthu ena amawona kusintha matupi awo ndikumamveketsa nthawi. Komabe, izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, makamaka odwala amakhala ndi moyo zaka zambiri, osadziwa za matenda awo.

Matenda obisika a shuga nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi zovuta zotsatirazi:

Kulingalira mwamphamvu kwa kuyabwa, kusungunuka kwa khungu - zizindikiro izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo tating'ono, timene timayamba msanga m'magazi ndi shuga wambiri. Komanso pakhungu la odwala matenda ashuga ndiko kusowa kwa chitetezo chapadera chomwe chingaletse kukula kwa zovuta zilizonse.
Pakamwa pakamwa, ludzu losalekeza - chizindikiro chomwe chimapezeka mwanjira iliyonse ya matenda ashuga. Munthu amakakamizika kunyamula botolo lamadzi nthawi zonse. Komabe, odwala ambiri samalabadira kupatuka koteroko; chiwonetserochi sichidziwika kwambiri m'chilimwe.
Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kulemera kwa thupi - chifukwa cha kulolerana kwa glucose mwa anthu, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa thupi kumatha kuchitika komwe kumachitika popanda kusintha kadyedwe. Nthawi zambiri munthu amayamba kuchepetsa thupi, kenako ndikulemera msanga. Chilichonse chimatsatana ndi chilakolako chankhanza komanso kukhumba maswiti.

Mitundu yomaliza ya matenda ashuga imakwaniritsidwa ndi kupweteka mumtima, chizungulire, kuchepa kowoneka bwino, kusokonezeka kwa tulo, kusinthasintha kwa machitidwe ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kusokonekera.

Amayi amayamba kuwomba phokoso tsitsi lawo likakhala louma, misomali yothina, kuchuluka kwa pigment ndikuwuma kwambiri mu perineum. Kumbukirani kuti ndi zochepa chabe zomwe zingawonetse mtundu wa shuga.

Matenda a shuga ochitika m'mbuyomu ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga omwe, pakakhala zinthu zabwino, amayenda momasuka.

Sichimawonekera kwa nthawi yayitali, koma mutha kuzindikira ndi izi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

Mkwiyo pakhungu,
Kugona, kusakwiya komanso kusasamala,
Ludzu losatha, kumva kuwawa mkamwa,
Kuvulala kwamabala ambiri
Kuchepetsa maonekedwe
Kulemera kwakukulu,
Nthawi zambiri kumakhala njala
Kuchepa kwa ntchito zamaganizidwe,
Zosintha pafupipafupi,
Kuchulukana kwadzaoneni kumatenda komanso mabakiteriya,
Kudzera ndi kupweteka kwa miyendo.

Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a latent, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa magazi pafupipafupi. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa sadziwoneka ndi chizindikiro chilichonse, amatha kupezeka mwangozi.

Komanso yesani kumvetsera thupi lanu, limatha kukusonyezani za kupatuka kotereku pakugwira ntchito.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga Zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga mwa akulu

Pafupifupi 25% ya anthu odwala matenda a shuga sazindikira matenda awo. Amachita bizinesi modekha, samvera chidwi ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa, ndipo panthawiyi matenda a shuga amawononga thupi lawo pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa amatchedwa wakupha mwakachetechete. Nthawi yoyamba kunyalanyaza shuga imatha kubweretsa vuto la mtima, kulephera kwa impso, kusawona m'maso, kapena mavuto a miyendo. Pafupipafupi, wodwala matenda ashuga amagwa chifukwa cha shuga wambiri, amapita kuchipatala mosamala kwambiri, kenaka amayamba kuthandizidwa.

Patsamba lino, muphunzira zofunikira zokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Nazi zizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe zimatha kudziwika mosavuta ngati kusintha kwakuzizira kapena kokhudzana ndi ukalamba. Komabe, mutatha kuwerenga nkhani yathu, mudzakhala osamala. Chitanipo kanthu pa nthawi yake kupewa mavuto a shuga. Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga, yerekezerani zomwe muli nazo ndi zomwe tafotokozazi. Kenako pitani ku labotale ndikumakayezetseni magazi. Mulingo woyenera sikutanthauza kusala kudya kwachangu, koma kuwunika kwa hemoglobin wa glycated.

Dziwani za shuga wanu wamagazi kuti mumvetsetse mayeso anu. Ngati shuga adakwezeka, ndiye kuti tsatirani ndondomeko ya mankhwalawa pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo popanda kudya zakudya, jakisoni wa insulin ndi mapiritsi owopsa. Amuna ndi akazi ambiri achikulire amanyalanyaza zoyamba za matenda a shuga mwa iwo okha ndi ana awo. Akuyembekeza kuti "mwina zitha." Tsoka ilo, ili ndiye malingaliro osakwaniritsidwa. Chifukwa odwala oterowo amafikabe kwa adokotala pambuyo pake, koma m'mikhalidwe yowopsa kwambiri.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa shuga. Mayeso a kulolerana a glucose
Yemwe mita yosankha ndikugula nyumba

Ngati zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimawonedwa mwa mwana kapena mwana wochepera wazaka 25 popanda kunenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndi matenda amtundu woyamba. Kuti muchiritse, muyenera kupereka jakisoni. Ngati wodwalayo akuyerekezeredwa kuti ndi wonenepa kapena wamwamuna woposa zaka 40 ndi wonenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti mwina ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga wachiwiriwo. Koma izi ndizongowonetsera chabe. Dokotala - endocrinologist adzatha kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga. Werengani nkhani yofotokoza matenda a matenda a shuga 1 komanso 2. ”

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1

Monga lamulo, zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 1 zimawonjezeka mwa munthu mwachangu, mkati mwa masiku ochepa, komanso kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri wodwalayo amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga (amataya chikumbumtima), amapita naye kuchipatala mwachangu ndipo amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Tilembapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1:

ludzu lalikulu: munthu amamwa mpaka malita atatu amadzi pa tsiku,
Fungo la acetone mu mpweya wotuluka.
wodwala amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudya, amadya kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo akuchepetsa thupi kwambiri.
kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kopanda tanthauzo (kotchedwa polyuria), makamaka usiku,
mabala amachiritsa bwino
Khungu limatulutsa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mafangasi kapena zithupsa.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amayambira masabata 2-4 atatenga kachiromboka (chimfine, rubella, chikuku, ndi zina) kapena kupsinjika kwambiri.

Mtundu woyamba wa chithandizo cha matenda a shuga kwa akulu ndi ana
Nthawi ya tchuthi ndi momwe mungakulitsire
Njira ya jakisoni wopweteka wa insulin
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga 1 mwa mwana amathandizidwa popanda insulin pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoyenera. Mafunso ndi banja.
Momwe mungachepetse kuwonongeka kwa impso

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Type 2

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amakula pang'onopang'ono zaka zingapo, nthawi zambiri amakhala achikulire. Munthu amakhala wotopa nthawi zonse, mabala ake amachira bwino, mawonekedwe ake amachepa ndipo kukumbukira kwakeko kumakulirakulira. Koma sazindikira kuti izi ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga a 2 amapezeka mwangozi.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amadziwika ndi:

madandaulo apakati: kutopa, kuwona kopepuka, mavuto a kukumbukira,
pakhungu pakhungu: kuyabwa, mafangasi pafupipafupi, mabala ndi kuwonongeka kulikonse kumachiritsa bwino,
ludzu - mpaka malita atatu amadzi pa tsiku,
munthu nthawi zambiri amadzuka kuti alembe usiku (!),
Zilonda zam'miyendo ndi miyendo, dzanzi kapena kumva kulira m'miyendo, kupweteka poyenda,
mwa amayi - thrush, omwe ndi ovuta kuchiza,
pambuyo pake matenda - kuchepa thupi popanda zakudya,
matenda a shuga amapita popanda zizindikiro - mwa 50% ya odwala,
Kuwonongeka kwamaso, matenda a impso, kugunda kwa mtima mwadzidzidzi, kuwopsa, ndikowonetsa koyamba kwa matenda a shuga 2 mu odwala 20-30% (onani dokotala posachedwa, osazengereza!).

Ngati mukunenepa kwambiri, komanso kutopa, mabala amachiritsa bwino, vuto la maso limayamba kugwa, kukumbukira kulibe vuto - musakhale aulesi kuti mupeze magazi anu. Ngati yatukulidwa - muyenera kuchitiridwa. Mukapanda kuchita izi, mudzafa msanga, ndipo musanakhale ndi nthawi yakuvutika ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga (khungu, kulephera kwa impso, zilonda zam'miyendo ndi zilonda zam'mimba, stroke, kugunda kwamtima).

Kuyang'anira matenda a shuga a 2 kungakhale kosavuta kuposa momwe mukuganizira.

Momwe mungalandiridwire matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri: njira imodzi ndi imodzi
Mankhwala 2 a shuga: nkhani yatsatanetsatane
Mapiritsi a Siofor ndi Glucofage
Momwe mungaphunzirire kusangalala ndi maphunziro akuthupi

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa ana

Mwana akamayamba kudwala matenda a shuga, matendawa amawonekera kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amawonekera. Werengani nkhani yatsatanetsatane, "Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga kwa ana." Izi ndizothandiza kwa makolo onse komanso makamaka kwa madokotala. Chifukwa pochita dokotala wa ana, matenda ashuga ndi osowa kwambiri. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amatenga zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa ana monga mawonekedwe a matenda ena.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire mtundu 1 wa shuga ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga?

Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu woyamba 1 amayamba kwambiri, matendawa amayamba modzidzimutsa. Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, thanzi limakula pang'onopang'ono. M'mbuyomu, mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga okha ndiwo unkawerengedwa kuti ndi "matenda a achichepere", koma tsopano malirewo wafika. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kunenepa kwambiri kumakhalapo.

Kuti musiyanitse matenda ashuga amtundu 1 ndi matenda amitundu iwiri, muyenera kuyesa mkodzo wa shuga, komanso magazi a glucose ndi C-peptide. Werengani zambiri mu nkhani "Kuzindikira matenda amtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2."

Thupi komanso kuchuluka kwamkodzo potulutsa (polyuria)

Mu matenda a shuga, pazifukwa zingapo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera. Thupi limayesetsa kuchichotsa - kumveka ndi mkodzo.Koma ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo ndikokwera kwambiri, impso siziphonya. Chifukwa chake, payenera kukhala mkodzo wambiri.

Kuti "mutulutse" mkodzo wambiri, thupi limafunikira madzi okwanira. Chifukwa chake pali chizindikiro cha ludzu lalikulu la matenda ashuga. Wodwalayo amatha kukodza pafupipafupi. Amadzuka kangapo usiku - ichi ndi chizindikiro choyambirira cha matenda ashuga.

Kununkhira kwa acetone mu mpweya wotuluka

Ndi matenda a shuga, pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, koma ma cell sangathe kuyamwa, chifukwa insulin siyokwanira kapena sikugwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, maselo amthupi (kupatula ubongo) amasintha kupita ku chakudya ndimasungidwe amafuta.

Thupi likamaphwanya mafuta, matupi a "ketone" amapezeka (b-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, acetone). Pamene kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi kukakwezeka, amayamba kumasulidwa ndikupuma, ndipo fungo la acetone limawonekera m'mwamba.

Ketoacidosis - chikomokere cha matenda a shuga 1

Kunali kununkhira kwa acetone mumlengalenga wotuluka - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti thupi limasinthira kudya mafuta, ndipo matupi a ketone amayendayenda m'magazi. Ngati simutenga nthawi pakanthawi (mtundu wa insulin) ya matenda amtundu 1, ndiye kuti matupi a ketone awa amakhala okwera kwambiri.

Pankhaniyi, thupi lilibe nthawi yoti isawasokoneze, ndipo acidity yamagazi imasintha. Magazi pH ayenera kukhala m'malire ochepa kwambiri (7.35 ... 7.45). Ngati atapitirira malire apa - pamakhala kupsinjika, kugona, kusowa kudya, nseru (nthawi zina kusanza), osati kupweteka m'mimba. Zonsezi zimatchedwa diabetesic ketoacidosis.

Ngati munthu wagwa chifukwa cha ketoacidosis, ichi ndi chowopsa cha matenda ashuga, odzala ndi kulumala kapena kufa (7-15% yaimfa). Nthawi yomweyo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti musamaope fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa mwanu ngati ndinu wamkulu ndipo mulibe matenda a shuga 1.

Pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi chakudya chamagulu ochepa, wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi ketosis - kuwonjezeka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi ndi zimakhala. Awa ndi achitetezo abwinobwino omwe alibe poizoni. The pH ya magazi sikugwera pansi pa 7.30. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale amve fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa, munthu akumva bwino. Pakadali pano, amachotsa mafuta ochulukirapo ndikuchepetsa thupi.

Kuchuluka shuga

Mu matenda a shuga, thupi limasowa insulin, kapena siligwira ntchito moyenera. Ngakhale pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, maselo sangathe kuyamwa chifukwa cha zovuta za insulin ndi "njala". Amatumiza zizindikiro za njala kuubongo, ndipo chidwi cha munthu chimadzuka.

Wodwalayo amadya bwino, koma zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimabwera ndi chakudya sizitha kuyamwa minofu ya thupi. Kulakalaka kwambiri kumapitirirabe mpaka vuto la insulini litathetsedwa kapena mpaka maselo amasintha kukhala mafuta. Potsirizira pake, matenda amtundu wa 1 amatha kukhala ndi ketoacidosis.

Zikopa za pakhungu, matenda oyamba ndi fungus, kutupa

Mu shuga, shuga amawonjezereka kuzinthu zonse zamthupi. Shuga wambiri amatulutsidwa, kuphatikiza ndi thukuta. Bowa ndi mabakiteriya amakonda kwambiri chinyezi, malo otentha omwe amapezeka shuga ambiri, omwe amadya nawo. Pangani magazi anu kukhala pafupi ndi abwinobwino - khungu lanu ndi zotupa zidzakhazikika.

Zomwe mabala samachiritsa bwino mu shuga

Masewera a shuga m'magazi akachuluka, zimakhala ndi poizoni m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi maselo onse omwe amasambitsidwa ndi kutuluka kwa magazi. Kuonetsetsa machiritso a zilonda, machitidwe ambiri ovuta amapezeka mthupi. Kuphatikiza, maselo amthupi athanzi amagawikana.

Popeza minofu imayatsidwa ndi zovuta za glucose "owonjezera", njira zonsezi zimachepetsedwa. Mikhalidwe yabwino yopita patsogolo kwa matenda amapangidwanso. Timawonjezeranso kuti mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, khungu limayamba msanga.

Kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi, tikufunanso kukukulangizani kuti muwonenso msanga shuga wanu wamagazi ndikuwonana ndi endocrinologist ngati mutha kuona nokha matenda a shuga mwa inu kapena okondedwa anu. Ndikothekanso kuchiritsa kwathunthu tsopano, koma kutenga shuga ndikuyang'aniridwa ndikumakhala bwinobwino ndikwenikweni. Ndipo zitha kukhala zosavuta kuposa momwe mukuganizira.