Acetylsalicylic Acid Powder

Kupondereza chidwi MOR, imasokoneza kupanga kwa prostaglandin ndi kupanga kwa ATP. Zinthu antipyretic ndi odana ndi yotupa ntchitoamalepheretsa kuphatikizika kuchuluka kwa mapulateleti.

Mphamvu ya analgesic imachitika chifukwa cha zonse zapakati komanso zotumphukira. Ngati zotupa zachepa, zimachepetsa kutentha poyenda pamalo opatsirana kutentha.

Kukakamira ndi kuphatikiza kwa mapulateletikomanso thrombosis kuchepa chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa ASA kupondereza kaphatikizidwe ka thromboxane A2 (TXA 2) m'mapulateleti. Zoletsa kaphatikizidwe prothrombin (coagulation factor II magazi) mu chiwindi - - muyezo woposa 6 g / tsiku. - amachulukitsa PTV.

Pharmacokinetics

Mafuta a mankhwala atatha kumwa mkatikati ali pafupi kwathunthu. Nthawi yochotsa theka la ASA yosasinthika siyopitilira mphindi 20. TCmax FUNANI mkati magazi a m'magazi - 10-20 mphindi, salicylate kwathunthu chifukwa kagayidwe, - kuyambira 0,3 mpaka maola 2.0.

Zogwirizana albin boma la plasma lili pafupifupi 80% acetylsalicylic ndi salicylic acid. Ntchito yachilengedwe imapitilira ngakhale chinthucho chikakhala kuti chili m'mapuloteni.

Wopangidwira m'chiwindi. Amachotsa impso. Kutupa kumakhudzidwa ndi mkodzo pH: akaphatikizika, amachepetsa, ndipo akamera, amakula.

Magawo a Pharmacokinetic zimatengera kukula kwa mlingo womwe umamwa. Kuthetsa kwa thupilo sikuwonekera. Komanso, mu ana a 1 chaka cha moyo, poyerekeza ndi achikulire, amayamba pang'onopang'ono.

Zizindikiro zamagwiritsidwe: chifukwa chiyani mapiritsi a acetylsalicylic acid amathandiza?

Zisonyezo zakugwiritsa ntchito acetylsalicylic acid ndi:

• matenda febrile matenda opatsirana ndi yotupa,
• nyamakazi,
• rheumatism,
• zotupa zotupa myocardiumchifukwa cha immunopathological reaction,
• ululu zamagulu osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza mutu ndi kupweteka kwa dzino (kuphatikizapo mutu wokhudzana ndi vuto lochotsa mowa), kupweteka kwa minofu ndi minyewa, neuralgia, migraines,nseru.

Komanso Asipirin (kapena acetylsalicylic acid) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati prophylactic ngati ikuwopsezedwa thrombosis,thromboembolism, IM (at myocardial infaration Mankhwala ndi wachiwiri kupewa.

Contraindication

Kulandila ASA ndikotsutsana mu:

• Mphumu,
• pa kuchuluka zotupa ndi zotupa zodyera kumimba,
• magazi am'mimba / m'mimba,
• kusowa kwa Vitamini K,
• hemophilia, hypoprothrombinemia, hemorrhagic diathesis,
• kusowa enzyme G6PD,
• matenda oopsa a portal,
• Kulephera kwa impso / chiwindi
• mawa
• pa mankhwala Methotrexate (ngati mankhwalawa apakati pa sabata apitirira 15 / mg),
• gouty nyamakazi, gout,
• mimba (miyezi itatu yoyambilira ndi itatu ndiyotsutsana kotheratu),
• yoyamwitsa,
• Hypersensitivity kwa ASA / salicylates.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a ASA zimatha kuchitika motere:

• nseru
• gastralgia,
• kukomoka
• thupi lawo siligwirizana
• kutsegula m'mimba
• thrombocytopenia
• zotupa ndi zotupa zam'mimba zotaya,
• aimpso ndi / kapena kulephera kwa chiwindi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, tinnitus amawoneka, kuchepa kwa makutu kumachepa, masinthidwe amamva, chizungulire chimachitika ndipo, mutatenga Mlingo wambiri, mutu. Kuyamwa ndikothekanso. chisangalalokusanza bronchospasm.

Acetylsalicylic acid, malangizo (Njira ndi Mlingo)

At rheumatism yogwira Akuluakulu odwala amapatsidwa 5 mpaka 8 g ya ASA patsiku. Kwa mwana, mlingo umawerengeredwa kutengera kulemera. Monga lamulo, zimasiyana kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 125 mg / kg / tsiku. Kuchulukana kwa ntchito - 4-5 p.

Masabata 1-2 atatha maphunzirowa, mlingo wa mwanayo umachepetsedwa mpaka 60-70 mg / kg / tsiku, kwa odwala akuluakulu, mlingo umakhala womwewo. Pitilizani mankhwala mpaka masabata 6.

Malinga ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito acetylsalicylic acid, kusiya kwa mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono milungu iwiri.

Acetylsalicylic acid wothandizira pamutu komanso ngati njira yothetsera kutentha imayikidwa pakadontho kotsika. Chifukwa chake, ndi ululu ndi machitidwe Mlingo wa 1 mlingo wa munthu wamkulu - kuchokera 025 mpaka 1 g ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito kuchokera ku 4 mpaka 6 ma ruble patsiku.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngati mutu ulibe mutu, ASA imakhala yothandiza kwambiri ngati ululuwu ukukwiya chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ICP (intracranial pressure).

Kwa ana, mlingo woyenera kwambiri nthawi ndi 10-15 mg / kg. Kuchulukana kwa ntchito - 5 tsa / Tsiku.

Kuchiza sikuyenera kupitilira milungu iwiri.

Pochenjeza thrombosis ndi embolism ASA kutenga 2-3 tsa / tsiku. 0,5 g iliyonse. Kupititsa patsogolo rheological katundu (wa zakumwa) magazi Mankhwala amatengedwa kwa nthawi yayitali pa 0,15-0.25 g / tsiku.

Kwa mwana wamkulu wazaka zisanu, mlingo umodzi ndi 0,25 g, ana azaka zinayi amaloledwa kupereka 0,2 g ya ASA kamodzi, ana azaka ziwiri - 0,1 g, ndi wazaka chimodzi - 0,05 g.

Sizoletsedwa kupatsa ana kwa ASA kuchokera ku kutentha komwe kumakweza kumbuyo kachilombo. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pa ubongo womwewo ndi chiwindi monga ma virus ena, komanso kachilombo zimapangitsa mwana kukulaMatenda a Reye.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ASA mu cosmetology

Acetylsalicylic acid chigoba chakumaso chimakupatsani mwayi kuti muchotse kutupa, muchepetse kutupa, chotsani redness, chotsani masanjidwe akufa a maselo akufa ndi ma pores oyera.

Mankhwalawa amawuma khungu ndipo amasungunuka kwambiri m'mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a ziphuphu: mapiritsi osungunuka ndi madzi, oikidwa pazinthu zopaka pankhope kapena owonjezera kuti apangidwe ndimasamba amaso.

Acetylsalicylic acid kuchokera ziphuphu imagwira ntchito bwino limodzi ndi mandimu kapena uchi. Yothandiza kuthetsa mavuto a khungu ndi chigoba ndi dongo.

Kukonzekera chigoba cha mandimu-mapiritsi, mapiritsi (6 zidutswa) amangoyika pansi ndi madzi atsopano pokhapokha utapezeka waukulu. Kenako mankhwalawo amawonekera ziphuphu zoyipa natsalira mpaka atawuma.

Chigoba chokhala ndi uchi chimakonzedwa motere: mapiritsi (zidutswa zitatu) amasungunuka ndi madzi, kenako, ndikasungunuka, osakanizidwa ndi supuni ya tiyi ya 0,5-1.

Kuti akonze dongo, mapiritsi 6 ofinidwa a ASA ndi supuni ziwiri (supuni) za dongo loyera / buluu ziyenera kusakanikirana ndi madzi ofunda.

Bongo

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo atha kuchokera ku:

• chithandizo chautali cha ASA,
• limodzi makonzedwe a mankhwala okwanira.

Chizindikiro cha bongo ndi salicylism syndrome, yowonetsedwa ndi malaise, hyperthermia, tinnitus, nseru, kusanza.

Ngati odwala a ASA ali ndi vuto lalikulu, wozunzidwayo ayenera kugonekedwa kuchipatala msanga. Mimba yake imatsukidwa, kupatsidwa kaboni yodziyambitsaonani CBS.

Kutengera momwe WWTP ilili komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi ma elekitirodi, kuyambitsa mayankho kungapangidwe sodium lactate, sodium citrate ndi sodium bicarbonate (monga kulowetsedwa).

Ngati mkodzo pH ndi 7.5-8.0, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi am'magazi opitilira 300 mg / l (mwa mwana) ndi 500 mg / l (mwa munthu wamkulu), chisamaliro chofunikira chimafunikira zamchere zamchere.

Ndi chidakwa chachikulu hemodialysis, pangani kuchepa kwamadzi, perekani mankhwala othandizira.

Kuchita

Kupititsa patsogolo kuopsa kukonzekera kwa barbiturate,valproic acid, methotrexateZotsatira zamankhwala otulutsa pakamwa, Digoxin, narcotic analgesics, Triiodothyronine, mankhwala a sulfa.

Zofooka okodzetsa (potaziyamu-wotaya ndi kutulutsa kwina), antihypertensive mankhwala ACE zoletsauricosuric othandizira.

Ndi munthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala antithrombotic, manga,anticoagulants kumawonjezera mwayi wokhetsa magazi.

GCS imathandizira poizoni wa ASA pa mucous nembanemba wamimba m'mimba, kuwonjezera kukula kwake ndikuchepetsa ndende ya plasma.

Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi mchere, Li imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa plasma ya Li + ions.

Imapititsa patsogolo poledzera wama mowa pakhungu la m'mimba m'mimba.

Malangizo apadera

Mankhwala ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso ndi chiwindi, mphumu ya bronchial, ndi magazi ochulukirapo, mtima wosakhazikika, munthawi ya mankhwala opatsirana, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale yazotupa ndi zotupa m'mimba ndi / kapena m'mimba / magazi m'matumbo.

Ngakhale muyezo yaying'ono, ASA imachepetsa kuchulukitsa. uric acidkuti odwala omwe atengeke mosavuta amatha kuyambitsa kuwopsa gout.

Mukamamwa mankhwala ochuluka a ASA kapena kufunika kwa chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kuwunika nthawi zonse hemoglobin ndikuwonana ndi dokotala.

Monga othandizira-kutupa, kugwiritsa ntchito ASA muyezo wa 5-8 g / tsiku. ochepa chifukwa chowonjezeka chiopsezo chotsatira cham'mimba.

Kuchepetsa magazi munthawi ya opareshoni komanso munthawi ya kugwira ntchito, kutenga salicylates kumaimitsidwa masiku 5-7 musanachite opareshoni.

Mukamamwa ASA, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwalawa amatha kumwa kwa masiku osaposera 7 popanda kufunsa dokotala. Monga antipyretic ASA, amaloledwa kumwa osaposa masiku atatu.

Mphamvu ya mankhwala

ASA ikalira, singano zopanda utoto kapena monoclinic polyhedra yokhala ndi kukoma wowawasa pang'ono amapangidwa. Ma kristalo amakhazikika mlengalenga, koma ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka, pang'onopang'ono hydrolyze mpaka salicylic ndi acetic acids.

Thupi lomwe limapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe oyera ndi ufa wa makristalo oyera. Maonekedwe akununkhira amchere acetic ndikuwonetsa kuti chinthucho chimayamba hydrolyze.

ASA imayesedwa ndi esterization pansi pa alkaline bicarbonates, alkaline hydroxides, komanso madzi otentha.

ASA siisungunuka bwino m'madzi, sungunuka mu chloroform ndi ether, sungunuka mosavuta mu 96% ethanol. The solubility ya ASA m'madzi / amadzimadzi amadzimadzi imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mulingo wa pH: kukwera kwa kachulukidwe ka zosungunulira, kumapangitsa mosavuta kuti zinthu zitheke.

Acetylsalicylic acid-UBF, Asprovit, Aspinat, Aspivatrin, Mwachangu, Fluspirin, Taspir, Aspirin

Ana, ASA sangagwiritsidwe ntchito hyperthermiazogwirizana ndi kachilombo, popeza kuphatikiza koteroko kumatha kuyambitsa mkhalidwe wowopsa wa mwana - Matenda a Reye.

Mwa makanda, salicylic acid imatha kulowa m'malo chifukwa albin bilirubin ndi olimbikitsa chitukuko encephalopathy.

ASA imalowa mosavuta m'madzi onse amthupi ndi zimakhala, kuphatikiza zamadzimadzi, zotumphukira ndi peritoneal fluid.

Pamaso pa edema ndi kutupa, kulowa kwa salicylate kulowa kolumikizira kwamkati kumathandizira. Mu siteji ya kutupa, m'malo mwake, imachepera.

Kodi acetylsalicylic acid wa hangover ndi chiyani?

ASA ndiwothandiza kwambiri kwa hangover, chifukwa cha antiplatelet zotsatira za mankhwala.

Komabe, muyenera kukumbukira kuti kumwa mapiritsi ndibwino kuti musamwe mowa, koma pafupifupi maola awiri phwando lisanachitike. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha maphunziro. micothrombi m'mitsempha yaying'ono ya ubongo ndipo - gawo - minofu edema.

Gwiritsani ntchito panthawi yoyembekezera komanso poyamwitsa

Acetylsalicylic acid amatsutsana panthawi yapakati. Makamaka m'miyezi yoyamba komanso yomaliza ya bere. Mu magawo oyambilira, kumwa mankhwalawa kumatha kuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi vuto lakubadwa, pambuyo pake - kutenga kwambiri mimba ndi kufooketsa ntchito.

ASA ndi ma metabolites ang'onoang'ono amalowera mkaka. Pambuyo popereka mankhwala mwangozi, mavuto sanawonedwe mwa makanda, chifukwa chake, monga lamulo, kusokonezeka kwa yoyamwitsa sikofunikira.

Ngati mayi akuwonetsedwa chithandizo chamanthawi yayitali ndi ASA yayikulu, ndikofunikira kusiya HB.

Pafupifupi ndemanga zonse zotsalira za ASA ndizabwino. Mankhwalawa ndiokwera mtengo, ogwira ntchito, ophunziridwa bwino, ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapiritsiwa amachepetsa kutupa ndi kutentha thupi, komanso kudya pafupipafupi kwa ASA mu Mlingo wocheperako kumachepetsa chiopsezo mtima mwa odwala odziwikiratu.

Zoyipa zamankhwala nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa zovuta zoyipa. Komabe, monga momwe anthu ambiri amawonera, kuti mupewe, ndikokwanira kutsatira malamulo ena munthawi ya mankhwalawa: osakwana musanamwe mapiritsi, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malangizo ndikuletsa kumwa mowa kwa nthawi yonse ya mankhwalawa.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Acetylsalicylic acid ndi mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi antipyretic, analgesic, anti-kutupa, antiaggregatory kanthu omwe amalepheretsa zochitika za COX1 ndi COX2 zomwe zimayang'anira kapangidwe ka prostaglandins. Kupondera kaphatikizidwe ka thromboxane A2 mu mapulosi, kumachepetsa kusakanikirana, kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti ndi thrombosis. Pambuyo pa makolo kupaka yankho lamadzi, ndi mphamvu ya analgesic imatchulidwa kuposa pambuyo pakukonzekera kwa acetylsalicylic acid. Mothandizidwa ndi subconjunctival ndi parabulbar, imakhala yodziwika bwino yotsutsana ndi zotupa, yomwe pathogenetically imalungamitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa pochiza njira zochizira pakhungu ndi magwero osiyanasiyana. Kutsutsa-yotupa kumanenedwa kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa panthawi yovuta yotupa m'maso. Mankhwala amathandizanso kupweteketsa chidwi kwa awiri ofanana ndi maso.

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Pazomwe zili ndi ma ampoule (vial) omwe ali ndi 25 mg kapena 50 mg ya mankhwala, onjezerani 2,5 ml kapena 5 ml ya madzi a jekeseni, motero, ndikugwedezeka mpaka atasungunuka kwathunthu. 1% yokhayo yomwe inakonzedwa mwatsopano 1% ya acetylsalicylic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Subconjunctival kapena parabulbar muyezo wosaposa 0,5 ml ya yankho la 1% tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse. Yankho la 1% lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ma instillation a 12 akutsikira mpaka katatu patsiku.

Mankhwala othandizira njira yotupa m'maso, yankho la 1% limagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira ya instillations, 2 imatsika katatu patsiku.

Mankhwalawa endo native and exo native uveitis of etiology iliyonse, yatsopano yokonzedwa 1% yothetsera imayendetsedwa subconjunctively mu voliyumu ya 0,5 ml kamodzi patsiku mpaka njira yotupa itayima. Njira ya chithandizo ndi masiku 3-10. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa njira yotupa, subconjunctival makonzedwe akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala 1-2 madontho a 1% yankho mpaka kasanu pa tsiku. Ngati njira yofatsa yotupa, munthu amatha kudziyesa yekha pokhapokha akutsitsa 1-2 madontho a yankho la 1% katatu patsiku.

Kupewa komanso kuchiza kwa intraoperative and postoperative complication 1% solution imayendetsedwa subconjunctival kapena parabulbar mu voliyumu ya 0.3-0.5 ml kamodzi patsiku. Njira ya chithandizo ndi jakisoni 9-10.

Kupewa kwa macular edema pambuyo pa ntchito zokhudzana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa khungu ndi kupakidwa kwa mandala a intraocular, yankho lomwe lakonzedwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga yankho la 1%, 1-2 imatsika katatu patsiku kwa masabata anayi pambuyo poyambira.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mankhwalawa mu mankhwalawa othandizira, zotsatira zoyipa ndizovuta.

Ndi makonzedwe a subconjunctival, kuwoneka kwa chemosis ndikotheka, komwe kumatsimikiza patatha maola ochepa. Zowawa ndi zotentha mu malo a jakisoni zimafotokozedwa mwapang'onopang'ono, kutalika kwa zosasangalatsa zam'mimba ndi mphindi 5-7. Pofuna kupewa kupweteka ndi subconjunctival kapena parabulbar, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la 2% monga chosungunulira pakukonza njira ya acetylsalicylic acid.

Nthawi zina m'malo a jakisoni, pamakhala zotupa za edema, subconjunctival hemorrhage, yomwe imachotsedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira ya 3% ya potaziyamu iodide mu mawonekedwe a instillations 4-5 patsiku.

Momwe, kukula kwa nseru, kuchepa kwa chakudya, kutsegula m'mimba, zotupa zam'mimba komanso magazi m'matumbo, kugaya kwamkati (zotupa pakhungu, angioedema), chiwindi ndi / kapena kulephera kwa aimpso, thrombocytopenia, bronchospasm.

Zolemba zogwiritsira ntchito

Zolinga zakonzedwa zakonzeka zizigwiritsidwa ntchito masana. Osasakanikirana jakisoni wa mankhwalawa ndi mayankho a mankhwala ena omwe sanalembedwe pamalangizo awa. Mankhwala amagwirizana ndi procaine (mu syringe imodzi). Ngati kuli kofunikira kupatsa mankhwala acetylsalicylic acid munthawi yomweyo ndimankhwala ena a etiotropic ndi / kapena symptomatic, osachepera mphindi 10-15 ayenera kutha pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya ophthalmic. Njira ya mankhwala sayenera upambana masiku 10-12. Pa chithandizo, magalasi olumikizirana sayenera kuvala.

Pothana ndi vuto la postoperative hemorrhagic (makamaka odwala matenda a shuga), kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyambirira za angioprotectors (dicinone, etamsylate, ndi zina).

Njira zopewera kupewa ngozi

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumafunikira kusamala kuti pakhale zovuta m'magazi oyambitsidwa ndimagazi ndikusokonekera ndi matenda am`mapapo am'mimba mu anamnesis chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa magazi. Ndi mabala opaka amaso ndi kuwonongeka kwa thupi lotupa, kutaya magazi ndikotheka.

Acetylsalicylic acid ngakhale yaying'ono Mlingo amachepetsa excretion wa uric acid mthupi, zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa kuopsa kwa gout mwa odwala atengeke. Pa nthawi ya mankhwala sayenera kumwa Mowa.

Kukopa pa kuyendetsa magalimoto ndikuwongolera njira zoopsa: odwala omwe ataya kumveka kwakanthawi atagwiritsa ntchito madontho osavomerezeka samayendetsa galimoto kapena kugwira ntchito ndi njira zosunthira kwa mphindi zingapo atakhazikitsa mankhwala.

Dzinalo Losayenerana

INN: Acetylsalicylic acid.

Aspirin ufa ndi njira yothandizira pochepetsa zizindikiro za chimfine ndi chimfine.

Ufa womwe umapangidwa umakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yogwira ntchito nthawi imodzi. Pakati pawo: acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg, chlorpheniramine ndi phenylephrine. Zowonjezera zake ndi: sodium bicarbonate, kuchuluka pang'ono kwa citric acid, kununkhira kwa mandimu ndi mtundu wachikaso.

Ufa mu mawonekedwe a granules yaying'ono. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse pamakhala mtundu woyera, nthawi zina wokhala ndi utoto wachikasu. Mwachangu ufa umapangidwa pokonzekera yankho. Atakulungidwa mu pepala lapamtundu wapamtundu wapamwamba.

Mwachangu ufa umapangidwa pokonzekera yankho.

Zomwe zimathandizira Aspirin ufa

Aspirin Complex (aspirin tata) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati imodzi mwazizindikiro zothandizira kuthetsa ululu ndi zizindikiro za chimfine. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zoyenera chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa magawo omwe ali mgululi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Chithandizo cha mano ndi mutu,
• myalgia and arthralgia,
• zilonda zapakhosi
• zovuta mankhwala mankhwalawa apamwamba kupuma thirakiti matenda,
• ululu wa msambo
• ululu wammbuyo
• malungo ndi malungo, owonetsedwa mu chimfine ndi matenda ena opatsirana akutupa.

Zizindikirozi zimapangidwira achikulire ndi ana opitilira zaka 15. Koma mlingo ndi nthawi ya chithandizo zimatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense, kutengera zovuta zakuwonekera kwa mawonetseredwe azachipatala.