Matenda a shuga

Alexei: Ndili ndi zaka 19, ndili ndi matenda ashuga miyezi iwiri yapitayo. Adakhala kuchipatala milungu itatu, madotolo adandiunikira insulin - yosavuta komanso yotalikilapo, amapanga ma dontho, ndipo adatulutsa ketoacidosis (shuga anali 21.5 pomwe adapita kuchipatala). Nditachotseredwa, zinayamba kuyenda bwino, tsopano ndikugwira ntchito yanga yakale monga bartender, nthawi zambiri ndikusintha usiku.

Ndikudziwa zochepa zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga, ndinapatsidwa insulin - ndinayilowetsa, koma zomwe madotolo anandifotokozera - sindinamvetsetse. Mwazi wamagazi nthawi zambiri umadumpha kuchokera ku 3,8 mpaka 12,5 mmol, nthawi zambiri samamva kusowa, kufoka, kufooka. Kodi mungafotokoze m'mawu osavuta kuti shuga ndi chiyani, momwe mungachitire komanso kuti shuga yanu ikhale yabwinobwino? Kodi ndiyeneradi kukhala kwamuyaya monga munthu wolumala?

Alexei, mwatsoka, matenda ashuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amakhala kwa moyo wonse wodwala, amene ndizovuta kufotokoza "zomveka". Koma ndiyesetsa.

Pali mafunso ambiri ofunikira, komanso mawonekedwe a thupi lanu omwe muyenera kuphunzira. Muyenera kudziphunzitsira nokha pankhani ya matenda ashuga, zakudya, chifukwa zovuta za matenda ashuga zimakhudza, choyambirira, onse omwe amachita nawo chidwi.

Matenda a shuga m'mawu osavuta

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani? Awa ndi matenda osachiritsika a endocrine system (ndikugogomezera kuti ndi osachiritsika masiku ano), omwe akuwonetsa kulephera kutulutsa thupi kuti apange kuchuluka kwa insulini pakukula kwa shuga m'mazakudya (omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1), kapena amadziwika ndi kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito shuga m'magazi m'maselo.

Kuti muyambe, werengani zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga, werengani nkhaniyi:

Gawo lotsatira - muyenera kuphunzira kuti inu nokha ndi amene mumayambitsa matenda anu a shuga, a shuga anu a shuga, pazomwe mumadya. M'mawu osavuta, shuga si sentensi. Masiku ano, mwa kuyang'anira bwino matendawa, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 83 ndipo akupitiliza kukhala ndi moyo wakhama (mwachitsanzo, Dr. Bernstein ndi wochita endocrinologist, mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga omwe adapezeka mu 1947). Ndipo pali zitsanzo zokwanira zotere, chifukwa chake simuyenera kudzilemba nokha mulemala, makamaka pazaka zanu.

Kukhala wathanzi ndi matenda ashuga kumafuna kuchita kwa wodwala m'njira zingapo. Mulinso:

• Zakudya zoyenera, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chakudya.
• zolimbitsa thupi
• kumwa mankhwala munthawi yoyenera komanso muyezo Mlingo woyenera, motsatira malamulo a thupi lanu.
• Diary ya diabetes tsiku lililonse
• kuchuluka kwa shuga patsiku tsiku lonse,
• Kupitilira kwakanthawi kwa mayeso azachipatala ambiri, komanso kuwunikira osati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol m'magazi ndi momwe miyendo yawo ilili.

Kodi shuga 1 ndi mtundu 2 ndi chiyani? Kodi amasiyana bwanji?

M'mawu osavuta, ndiye ndi matenda amtundu 1, thupi silimapanga zokha insulin yofunikira kutengera shuga kuchokera m'magazi kupita ku maselo. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amakakamizidwa kubaya insulin kuchokera kunja.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe momwe mungawerengere moyenera kuchuluka kwa insulini - imafunika shuga wambiri monga momwe mumapezera chakudya. Mukataya muyeso, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka (ndi kusowa kwa insulini) kapena kuchepa (ngati mutaba jakisoni wambiri).

Ganizirani mawu a Elliot Joslin: "Insulin ndi mankhwala a anzeru, osati opusa, ngakhale ndi madokotala kapena odwala."

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, vutoli ndi losiyana - kapamba amapanga insulini, koma sangathe kulowa m'maselo ndikuyamba ntchito yake. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga amakakamizidwa kumwa mapiritsi (Metformin ndi ena) kuti athandizire maselo kukhazikitsa kuyanjana koyenera ndi insulin kuti agwiritse ntchito shuga m'magazi.

Werengani zambiri za kusiyanasiyana pakati pa mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2 pazinthu zathu:

Kutenga mlingo woyenera mulingo woyenera ndiye gawo loyamba kulipirira mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga. Sizikupanga kusiyana ngati mumamwa mapiritsi, jakisoni wa insulin, kapena mumathandizidwa, ndizovuta kuchiza matenda a shuga ngati mlingo woyenera sunasankhidwe. Izi zitha kutenga nthawi. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi anu, ndiye kuti muyenera kufotokozera dotolo wanu za izi ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, pitani kuchipatala kuti mukapeze insulin yokwanira.

Ndizowopsa kusankha mulingo wa insulin nokha, iyenera kuyikidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa matenda ashuga, pomwe wodwalayo sakudziwa.

Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za zovuta za matenda ashuga?

Mwachidule za zovuta za matenda ashuga. Mwachidule, matenda ashuga okha si owopsa monga zovuta zake zazitali. Ngati shuga wanu wamagazi akwezedwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti, monga sandpaper, imawononga mitsempha yanu. Cholesterol imathamangira pama microcracks awa - chinthu chomwe chimayang'anira "kukumba mabowo" mthupi. Ndi shuga ochulukirapo m'magazi, mtima umakumana ndi zotupa - chikhalidwe chomwe mitsempha yamagazi (makamaka yaying'ono) imakumana ndi microdamage nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake cholesterol yochulukirapo imathamangira mkati mwake. Zotsatira zake, matenda oopsa amapangika pakapita nthawi - mtima wamatenda, momwe ma cholesterol plaques amapangidwira, omwe amachititsa kugunda kwa mtima ndi stroko.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimaperekedwa m'matenda a shuga, ziwiya zazing'ono zimavutika, chifukwa chake zovuta zimayamba m'maso ndi impso. Matenda a shuga "amakonda" kugunda miyendo - pakapita nthawi, amasiya kumva komanso kumva kuchepa kwa mitsempha chifukwa choperewera magazi, kotero kudula kulikonse, callus kapena chimanga kungayambitse kudwala.

Kuti muchepetse kukhazikitsidwa kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kusamala mosamala pakati pa mlingo wa mankhwala ndi chakudya.

Pazakudya za odwala matenda ashuga

Phunzirani momwe mungawerengere kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi chakudya chamagulu m'zakudya.. Choyamba, chakudya chopatsa mphamvu, makamaka zakudya zamafuta (shuga, chokoleti, zamapichesi, maswiti) zimakweza shuga. Zakudya zomanga thupi "mwachangu" zotere ziyenera kutayidwa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi kumavulaza m'mitsempha yamagazi - ma spasms amapezeka. Ngati shuga wambiri m'magazi atayika insulin yambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira, ndiye kuti shuga imatsika kwambiri. Izi zimatchedwa "diabetesic slide." Ndi zoletsedwa kuti muchepetse kwambiri glycemia, komanso kudya kwambiri ndi chakudya chokhala ndi chakudya champhamvu kwambiri chokhala ndi hypoglycemia.

Musaiwale za mapuloteni - amathandizanso kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, koma pamalo achiwiri, osafanana ndi ma carbohydrate. Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni amayenera kuganiziridwanso muzakudya zanu komanso mukamamwa mankhwala.

Mafuta amakweza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwambiri kotero kuti nthawi zambiri sawaganizira powerengera kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Werengani zambiri za zakudya za matenda ashuga:

Tsopano kukhala wotchuka kwambiri Zakudya zochepa za carb kuti zilipirire shuga. Ndikunena nthawi yomweyo - madokotala sangakuvomerezeni, chifukwa matenda ashuga amakono amatsata zolemba zomwe zakhala zikupezeka kuyambira nthawi za Soviet, kuti ndikofunikira kudya chakudya chokwanira ndikuwapatsa kuchuluka kwa insulin kapena mapiritsi akuluakulu.

Koma kafukufuku waposachedwa ku Europe ndi US akutsimikizira kuti zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta ndizabwino zokwanira kuti pasakhale shuga. Mwachitsanzo Dr. Richard Bernsteinyemwe adadwala matenda amishuga amtundu 1 mu 1947 komanso zaka 60 za zana la 20 omwe adalandira kale zovuta zambiri komanso mavuto a impso, powona zakudya zomwe madotolo amaletsa komanso mafuta ambiri (madokotala amalimbikitsa kudya komweko, timachitcha "" Zakudya No. 9 "kapena" Gawo 9 "). Kenako, mwa zoyeserera, adapeza kuti ngati mungachepetsa zakudya zamafuta m'magazi, ndiye kuti mutha kuyika utali wama insulin kwambiri ndipo ndizosavuta kuwongolera msinkhu wamagazi anu ("Low Loading Njira"). Ndipo mwakuwopsa kwake komanso pachiwopsezo chake, Bernstein adayamba kudziyimira pawokha zakudya zamtunduwu. Kodi zidabweretsa chiyani? Sugars idakhala yangwiro, cholesterol idabwezeretsa, komanso zovuta za matenda osokoneza bongo zidasinthidwa (adapezeka kuti anali ndi proteinuria panthawiyo - zovuta kwambiri za impso). Pambuyo pake, ali ndi zaka makumi anayi, atakhala injiniya mwa kuphunzitsa, adapita kukaphunzira ngati endocrinologist kuti anthu ndi madokotala ayambe kumvetsera njira yake yochizira matenda ashuga. Tsopano Dr. Bernstein ali ndi zaka 83, akuchitirabe zachipatala kumzinda wa New York ndipo akuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse.

Werengani zambiri za zakudya zamafuta ochepa:

Pambuyo pozolowera, sankhani kuti mwayandikira - kuchiza matenda a shuga mothandizidwa ndi Zakudya Zakudya za 9, zomwe amalimbikitsa madokotala ambiri, kapena yesani kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Ndikupangira aliyense mwayi wachiwiri.

About hypoglycemia m'chinenedwe chomveka

Chotsatira, muyenera kudziwa hypoglycemia ndi chiyani? Nthawi zambiri kudziwa kumeneku kumapulumutsa moyo wa odwala matenda ashuga. Hypoglycemia (madokotala ndi odwala amatcha izi mwachikondi - "hype") ndiwowopsa kwa kanthawi kochepa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe shuga ya magazi imatsika pansi pazovomerezeka. Wodwala amafunikira kudya china chake chokoma kuti akweze kuchuluka kwa shuga (maswiti, zidutswa 1-2 za shuga, supuni 1-2 za kupanikizana, makeke, uchi, mapiritsi a shuga, etc.). Omwe amatsata "Bernstein njira", pachiwonetsero choyamba cha "hype" (ali ndi zofatsa kwambiri, chifukwa milingo yaying'ono ya insulin imayikidwa) amatenga mapiritsi a glucose kapena dextrose (mwachitsanzo, Dextro4, yomwe imagulitsidwa nafe). Mwachiwonekere, mapiritsi oterewa ali ndi magalamu anayi a carbohydrate othamanga, omwe akukwanira kuyimitsa hypoglycemia molondola, + / 0.5 mmol / L.

Iyi ndi njira yasayansi, ndipo yerekezerani ndi upangiri wa madokotala azikhalidwe omwe amalimbikitsa kudya magawo 1-2 a shuga, maswiti, makeke, ndi zina zambiri. Ndani amadziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa izi, hyperglycemia yopanda mphamvu imatha kupezeka mosavuta. Ndikofunika kuti asaipirirendi zokoma, kudumphadumpha m'magazi a shuga kumakhala kovulaza m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Werengani zambiri za hypoglycemia munkhani zathu:

Ngati muli ndi shuga yambiri yamwazi, muyenera kutero mwachangu komanso moyenera muchepetseni. Izi ndizosavuta kwa odwala matenda ashuga osadziwa, choncho onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga izi:

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a shuga

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizitentha glucose, ndichifukwa chake amachepetsa shuga la magazi. Muyenera kudziwa kuti musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin kapena mankhwala, kapena kudya zakudya zowonjezera zowonjezera. Muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungasungire shuga komanso panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Richard Bernstein, akachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, amadya mphindi 15-30 zilizonse, mapiritsi a 0,5 Dextro4 (kapena magalamu awiri a carbohydrate othamanga), omwe amamulola kuti azikhala ndi shuga pamlingo woyenera.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimachepetsa kukana kwa insulin komwe anthu ambiri odwala matenda a shuga a 2 komanso anthu onenepa kwambiri amadwala. Masewera amawonjezera chidwi cha thupi ku insulin, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri pochiza matenda ashuga.

Izi ndi zomwe Dr. Bernstein adalemba pazolimbitsa thupi:

"Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali ndiye gawo lotsatira la pulogalamu yathu yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga pambuyo chakudya. Moyenera, zolimbitsa thupi zimayenera kutsagana ndi pulogalamu iliyonse yochepetsa thupi kapena chithandizo chamankhwala cholimbana ndi matenda a insulin (mtundu 2 shuga).

Kafukufuku wambiri wakhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa thanzi labwino ndi malingaliro abwino. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, ngati anga, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwachindunji sikungakuthandizeni kusintha magazi anu, mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, koma zolimbitsa thupi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakudzidalira kwanu. Izi ndizotheka ngati mumachepetsa shuga m'magazi anu komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti mukhale athanzi kuposa anzanu omwe si odwala matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, pozindikira zanga, ndinene kuti odwala 1 a shuga omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse amatha kusamalira bwino shuga ndi zakudya zawo.

Zakhala zikudziwika kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yabwino komanso kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'magazi. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa kuti kumanga thupi (anaerobic m'malo mochita masewera olimbitsa thupi) kumatsitsanso cholesterol yoyipa. Palinso umboni kuti atherosulinosis (kuumitsa kwamitsempha) imatha kusintha zina mwa anthu ena. Ndili ndi zaka zopitilira 80, ndimachita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse ndipo sindimadya zipatso, ndili ndi matenda ashuga amtundu 1 kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi zisanu, ndipo ndimadya mazira akudya cham'mawa tsiku lililonse. Kodi cholesterol yanga ili kuti? Ili mgulu labwino kwambiri, kuposa anthu ambiri opanda matenda a shuga. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha kudya zakudya zochepa zam'mimba, komanso pulogalamu yanga yochita zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. ”

Werengani zambiri za zochitika zolimbitsa thupi ku matenda a shuga:

Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za mowa?

Pomaliza, ngati ndinu wophatikiza, muyenera kudziwa Kodi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimakhudza bwanji shuga? Ngati ndinu wodwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, muyenera kusamala ndi zakumwa. Mowa wa Ethyl, womwe umapangika ngati mizimu, komanso vinyo wouma, suwukhudza shuga mwachindunji chifukwa thupi silisintha kukhala shuga. Vodka, burande, gin, vinyo wowuma samachulukitsa shuga.

Mizimu ya Carbohydrate, Mosiyana, imatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mwachitsanzo, mowa. Ngati mumamwa chikho chimodzi cha magalamu 330, ndiye kuti shuga ya magazi sikukwera kwambiri. Koma ngati mumamwa mowa mu waukulu Mlingo, ndiye kuti shuga wanu adzakhala wamkulu. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa ma cocktails omwe amamwa mowa, momwe shuga ndi gawo lofunikira, komanso mavinyo otsekemera komanso osapatsa. Chifukwa chake, phunzirani mosamala momwe magwiridwe am'mowa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ndipo osawagwiritsa ntchito molakwika:

Pomaliza

Mwachidziwikire, palibe njira "yosavuta" yothetsera vuto la matenda ashuga. Kuwongolera kwabwino shuga sikumangothandiza kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, komanso njira yophatikizidwa, komanso kudziwa zambiri za matendawa. Pakadali pano, sanabwerebe ndi njira yochizira matenda ashuga, koma kuthana ndi matendawa ndikukhala nawo kwa nthawi yayitali ndikotheka.

Kodi shuga wamwazi ndi wowopsa motani?

Mkulu shuga angayambitse kusokonezeka pafupifupi ziwalo zonse, mpaka kufika poipa. Kukwera kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi, kumawonekera kwambiri ndizotsatira zake, zomwe zafotokozedwa motere:

- kunenepa kwambiri,
- glycosylation (shuga) wa maselo,
- kuledzera kwa thupi ndi kuwonongeka kwa manjenje
- kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamagazi,
- Kukula kwa matenda ang'onoang'ono okhudza ubongo, mtima, chiwindi, mapapu, m'mimba, minofu, khungu, maso,
- mawonekedwe a kukomoka, kukomoka,
- wakupha.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga

- kumangokhala ndi ludzu
- pakamwa pouma kosalekeza
- kuchuluka mkodzo (kuchuluka diuresis),
- Kuuma kwambiri ndi kuyabwa kwambiri pakhungu.
- kuchuluka kwamtsogolo kwa matenda apakhungu, mafinya,
- kuchiritsa kwa mabala kwa nthawi yayitali,
- kuchepa kwambiri kapena kuwonda kwa thupi,
- thukuta lakukula,
- kufooka kwa minofu.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga

- kupweteka mutu pafupipafupi, kukomoka, kusazindikira.
- kuwonongeka kwamaso,
- kupweteka mtima
- dzanzi, miyendo, kupweteka m'miyendo,
- kuchepa kwa chidwi chakhungu, makamaka pamapazi,
Kutupa kwa nkhope ndi miyendo,
- kukulitsa chiwindi,
- kuchiritsa kwa mabala kwa nthawi yayitali,
Kuthamanga kwa magazi
- wodwalayo amayamba kutulutsa fungo la acetone.

Mavuto a shuga

Matenda a shuga - yowonetsedwa ndi zowawa, kuwotcha, dzanzi la miyendo. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikuphwanya njira za metabolic mu minofu yamanjenje.

Kutupa. Edema mu matenda a shuga amatha kufalikira kwanuko - pankhope, miyendo, kapena thupi lonse. Kufatsa kumawonetsera kuphwanya kwa impso, ndipo zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kulephera kwa mtima. Asymmetric edema ikuwonetsa matenda ashuga microangiopathy.

Ululu m'miyendo. Ululu wam'mimba mu shuga, makamaka poyenda ndi zina zolimbitsa thupi pamiyendo, zimatha kuwonetsa matenda ashuga. Kupweteka kwa mwendo panthawi yopuma, makamaka usiku, kumawonetsa matenda a shuga. Nthawi zambiri, kupweteka m'miyendo m'matenda a shuga kumayendetsedwa ndi kuwotcha ndi dzanzi kapena miyendo kapena mbali zina za miyendo.

Zilonda zam'mimba. Zilonda za trophic mu shuga, pambuyo pa zowawa m'miyendo, ndi gawo lotsatira pakupanga matenda a diabetes angio-ndi neuropathy. Mtundu wa mabala ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake, motero chithandizo cha zilonda zam'mimba m'magazi a shuga chimayikidwa pambuyo pofufuza molondola, ndikuwonetsa zazidziwitso zazing'ono kwambiri. Zotsatira zoyipa za zilonda zam'mimba ndikuchepetsa kumverera kwa miyendo yomwe yakhudzidwa, yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha pakuwonongeka kwa phazi. M'malo ena, chimanga chimaoneka momwe ma hematomas amapanga ndi kupitilirabe. Njira zonsezi zimachitika mosawerengeka, chifukwa chake, monga lamulo, anthu omwe ali ndi mwendo wotupa, wofiyidwa, komanso zilonda zam'mimba zimawonekera kwa adokotala.

Gangrene Gangrene mu shuga amakhala nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha matenda ashuga angiopathy. Kukhazikika kwa gangrene kumachitika chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa mitsempha yayikulu komanso yayikulu m'chigawo cham'munsi, nthawi zambiri chala chachikulu. Potere, wodwalayo amamva kupweteka kwambiri phazi. Pali kuyambiranso kwa malo owonongeka, omwe patapita nthawi ndi khungu lamtambo, ndipo patapita kanthawi, malowa ndi okutidwa ndi mawanga akuda ndi thovu lomwe lili ndi mitambo. Njirayi sinasinthike - kudula dzanja ndikofunikira. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wodula miyendo ndi mwendo wotsika.

Kupanikizika kwambiri komanso kutsika. Kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi mu shuga kumawonetsedwa nthawi imodzi m'malo awiri. Mu thupi lakumtunda (mu brachial artery) - kukhathamiritsa, komwe kumawonetsa impso (matenda ashuga nephropathy). Mthupi lotsika (m'matumbo a miyendo) - kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga a m'munsi.

Coma Coma mu matenda a shuga amapezeka mwachangu kwambiri. Chochititsa china cha matenda opha shuga ndi kulepheretsa wodwala ndi kukomoka kwake. Izi zisanachitike, munthu amatha kununkhiza ngati acetone yotuluka kuchokera mkamwa pakapumira, chifukwa cha kuledzera kwambiri kwa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo amatha kuponyedwa thukuta lozizira. Ngati wodwala ali ndi chimodzi mwazizindikirozi, ziyenera kutengedwa kupita kuchipatala.

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri za matenda ashuga, chifukwa chake tikuwonetsa chofunikira kwambiri:

- cholowa,
- zaka (munthu wamkuluyo, zimadwalanso),
- kunenepa kwambiri,
- mavuto,
- matenda omwe amawononga ma cell a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin: khansa ya kapamba, kapamba, etc.,
- matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus: chiwindi, nthomba, rubella, chimfine, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda ashuga amatha kumera motsutsana ndi maziko a:

- adrenal hyperfunction (hypercorticism),
- zotupa m'mimba,
- kuchuluka kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amateteza insulini,
- matenda amchiwindi,
- hyperthyroidism,
- zovuta kugaya kwa chakudya,
- Kukula kwakanthawi kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mwa etiology:

I. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga a shuga (a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, matenda ashuga). Nthawi zambiri, mtundu uwu wa shuga umawonedwa mwa achinyamata, nthawi zambiri wowonda. Ndi zovuta. Chomwe chagona mu ma antibodies opangidwa ndi thupi lokha, lomwe limatchinga ma cell a β-cell omwe amapanga insulin mu kapamba. Kuchiza kumakhazikika pakugwiritsanso ntchito insulin, mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni, komanso kutsatira kwambiri zakudya. Kuchokera pamenyu ndikofunikira kupatula kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamafuta (shuga, zakumwa zokhala ndi shuga, maswiti, zipatso zamadzimadzi).

A. Autoimmune.
B. Idiopathic.

II. Lembani matenda ashuga a 2 a shuga (osadalira insulini). Nthawi zambiri, anthu onenepa kwambiri azaka 40 amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Chomwe chagona pakukulika kwa michere m'maselo, ndichifukwa chake amasiya kumva za insulin. Kuchiza kumazikidwa makamaka pazakudya zamafuta.

Popita nthawi, ndizotheka kupereka mapiritsi a insulin, ndipo pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kuchita, jakisoni wa insulini ndi mankhwala.

III. Mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga:

A. Matenda obadwa nawo a ma b-cell
B. Zofooka zamtundu wa insulin
C. Matenda a endocrine cell a kapamba:
1. zoopsa kapena kapamba,
2. kapamba,
3. Njira zamkati,
4. cystic fibrosis,
5. fibrocalculeous pancreatopathy,
6. hemochromatosis,
7. matenda ena.
D. Endocrinopathies:
1. Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome,
2. ometi,
3. glucomanoma,
4. pheochromocytoma,
5. somatostatinoma,
6. Hyperthyroidism,
7. aldosteroma,
8. ena endocrinopathies.
E. Matenda a shuga chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
F. Matenda a shuga monga zovuta za matenda opatsirana:
1. rubella
2. matenda a cytomegalovirus,
3. matenda ena opatsirana.

IV. Matenda a shuga. Mwazi wa magazi umakwera nthawi yapakati. Nthawi zambiri amadutsa mwadzidzidzi, atabereka mwana.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa amuna

Matenda a shuga amtundu 1 nthawi zambiri samakula mwa akulu. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ukamakula kapena ukamakula. Matendawa amatenga mitundu iwiri, ndiye kuti, shuga ya autoimmune ndi idiopathic. Mitundu yotsirizayi siyimamvetsetsa bwino, chifukwa chake sizomwe sizimadziwika.

Zomwe zimayambitsa autoimmune pakati pa amuna akuluakulu ndizofala kwambiri. Onsewa amakhudzana ndi kusokonekera kwa mphamvu ya chitetezo chathupi. Potere, ma antibodies amasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba, kuwononga ma cell omwe amapanga insulin. Pankhaniyi, matenda ashuga mwa akulu amatha chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa poizoni, komanso matenda opatsirana.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amakhala ambiri pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 45. Komabe, masiku ano m'badwo umachepera, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Chiwopsezo cha kudwala chikuwonjezeka kwambiri ndi abambo omwe nthawi zonse amamwa mowa, zakumwa zingapo za sodium, amadya masiku ndi zina zotero.

Omwe amakonda kwambiri matenda a shuga ndi am'mimba amtundu wa abambo, omwe amadziwika ndi kudzikundikira kwa maselo amafuta m'mimba ndi m'mbali. Nthawi zambiri, vutoli linayamba kugwira anthu akuluakulu, omwe nthawi zambiri amadya chakudya mwachangu.

Pachifukwa ichi, ndizokhumudwitsidwa kugula agalu otentha, tchipisi ndi zakudya zina zachangu za ana.

Zoyambitsa matendawa azimayi

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi chiyani pakati pa azimayi? Mutha kuyankhula za izi:

1. Kulephera kutsatira zakudya. Chakudya chamadzulo ndimadzaza kapamba.
2. Kusintha kwa mahomoni. Theka labwino laumunthu limakonda kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni, makamaka panthawi yapakati komanso kusamba kwa kusamba.
3. Nawonso azimayi amakonda kukhala onenepa kwambiri chifukwa amazolowera kudya mosasamala ndi chakudya chambiri. Okonda mbatata okonzeka nthawi 7 nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda a shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, oimira ogonana ofooka amaonedwa ngati okhudzidwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kugwidwa ndi zochitika zovuta. Kuvulala kwambiri kwamanjenje ndi kwamisala kumachepetsa chiwopsezo cha maselo odalira insulini ku zotsatira za mahomoni.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga zimatha kuphatikizidwanso ndi chikondi cha akazi kuti atenge chisokonezo ndi maswiti, mwachitsanzo, chokoleti. Kuchiritsa matenda osokoneza bongo mwa munthu wamkulu, ndikokwanira kutsatira malangizo azachipatala, zakudya, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Njira zochiritsidwazo, kuwonjezera pamankhwala, zingakhale njira zopewera matendawa. Ngati munthu ali pachiwopsezo, sayenera kunyalanyazidwa, chifukwa mu 70% ya milandu amathandizira kupewa matenda a shuga.

Mu kanema munkhaniyi, adokotala apitiliza kufotokoza zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Malinga ndi kuwopsa kwa nthendayi:

Matenda a shuga mellitus 1 degree (ofatsa). Glycemia wochepa (shuga m'magazi) ndiwofatsa - osaposa 8 mmol / l (pamimba yopanda kanthu). Mlingo wa glucosuria watsiku ndi tsiku si woposa 20 g / l. Mwina atha kukhala ndi angioneuropathy. Chithandizo pamlingo wazakudya ndi kumwa mankhwala ena.

Matenda a shuga mellitus 2 madigiri (mawonekedwe apakati). Pocheperako, koma ndikuwonekeratu, kuwonjezeka kwa glycemia pamlingo wa 8-10 mmol / l ndi khalidwe. Mlingo wa glucosuria watsiku ndi tsiku si oposa 40 g / l. Mawonekedwe a ketosis ndi ketoacidosis nthawi zina ndizotheka. Kusokonezeka kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo sikumachitika, koma nthawi yomweyo, kusokonezeka kwina ndi chizindikiro pakugwira ntchito kwa maso, mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, malekezero am'munsi, impso ndi mantha amanjongo. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga angioneuropathy ndizotheka. Chithandizo chikuchitika pa mulingo wa mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi pakamwa pakumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Nthawi zina, adokotala amatha kukupatsani jakisoni wa insulin.

Matenda a shuga mellitus 3 madigiri (fomu yayikulu). Mwambiri, mulingo wamba wa glycemia ndi 10-14 mmol / l. Mlingo wa glucosuria watsiku ndi tsiku ndi pafupifupi 40 g / l. Mitundu yambiri ya proteinuria (mapuloteni mumkodzo) imadziwika. Chithunzi cha chiwonetsero cha matenda a ziwalo zojambulidwa chikukulitsidwa - maso, mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, miyendo, impso, mantha. Kuwona kumachepa, dzanzi komanso kupweteka m'miyendo kumawonekera, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera.

Matenda a shuga mellitus madigiri 4 (mawonekedwe owopsa). Mkhalidwe wapamwamba kwambiri wa glycemia ndi 15-25 mmol / l kapena kuposa. Mlingo wa glucosuria watsiku ndi tsiku umatha 40-50 g / l. Proteinuria imatheka, thupi limataya mapuloteni. Pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zimakhudzidwa. Wodwala amakonda kuperewera matenda ashuga pafupipafupi. Moyo umangokhala pa jakisoni wa insulin - pa 60 OD kapena kupitirira.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1

Monga tanena kale pakati pa nkhaniyi, mu gawo "Kugawidwa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo", odwala matenda a shuga 1 amafunikanso jakisoni wa insulin, popeza thupi silingathe kupanga mahomoni ambiri mokwanira. Njira zina zoperekera insulin ku thupi, kupatula jakisoni, pakadali pano palibe. Mapiritsi a insulin okhala ndi matenda a shuga 1 sangathandize.

Kuphatikiza pa jakisoni wa insulin, chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 chimaphatikizaponso:

- kudya
- kukhazikitsa dosed munthu zolimbitsa thupi (DIF).

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a shuga

Munthawi yapano "yaulesi", pomwe dziko lidalandidwa ndi wailesi yakanema, intaneti, kukhala, komanso nthawi yomweyo ntchito zambiri, anthu ochulukirachulukira akuyenda pang'ono. Tsoka ilo, iyi si njira yabwino yakukhudzira thanzi. Matenda a shuga, matenda oopsa, ma hemorrhoids, kulephera kwa mtima, kuwonongeka kwa msana, matenda a msana ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo wosagwirizana ukhale wosachita bwino ndipo nthawi zina umakhala wolakwa mwachindunji.

Munthu akakhala ndi zochita zambiri, amayenda kwambiri, atakwera njinga, amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, amafulumira, magazi "amasewera". Nthawi yomweyo, maselo onse amalandila zakudya zofunikira, ziwalo zimakhala bwino, chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo thupi lonse silimakhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera mu shuga kumakhala ndi phindu. Mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kukhathamiritsa kwa glucose m'magazi kumachitika mu minofu minofu, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa magazi amachepetsa. Zachidziwikire, izi sizitanthauza kuti tsopano mwasintha kwambiri kukhala yunifolomu yamasewera, ndikuyenda makilomita ochepa kumalo osadziwika. Zida zoyenera zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi zidzayikidwa ndi adokotala.

Mankhwala a shuga

Ganizirani magulu ena a mankhwala omwe amaletsa matenda ashuga (antipyretic drug):

Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kapamba kuti apange insulin yambiri: Sulfonylureas (Glyclazide, Glycvidon, Glipizide), Meglitinides (Repaglinide, Nateglinide).

Mapiritsi omwe amachititsa kuti maselo a thupi azikhudzidwa kwambiri ndi insulin

- Biguanides ("Siofor", "Glucophage", "Metformin"). Contraindised mwa anthu a mtima ndi impso.
- Thiazolidinediones ("Avandia", "Pioglitazone"). Amawonjezera kugwira ntchito kwa insulin (kusintha insulin kukaniza) mu adipose ndi minofu minofu.

Imatanthawuza ntchito ya intretin: DPP-4 zoletsa (Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin), glucagon-ngati peptide-1 receptor agonists (Liraglutid, Exenatide).

Mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa glucose m'mimba alpha glucosidase inhibitor ("Acarbose").

Kodi matenda ashuga angachiritsidwe?

Kutsimikizika koyenera pothandizira matenda a shuga kumatengera kwambiri:

- mtundu wa matenda ashuga,
- nthawi yodziwira matendawa,
- kuzindikira koyenera,
- kutsatira mosamalitsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga kwa zomwe dotolo amakupatsani.

Malinga ndi asayansi amakono (boma), pakadali pano nkosatheka kuchira matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga a 2. Osachepera, mankhwalawa sanapangidwebe. Ndi matenda, mankhwalawa cholinga chake ndicho kupewa zovuta, komanso momwe matenda amathandizira matenda a ziwalo zina. Kupatula apo, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga kumayambitsa mavutowa. Mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin, mutha kuchepetsa ma pathological mthupi.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, nthawi zambiri, mothandizidwa ndi kukonza zakudya, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zimatheka. Komabe, munthu akabwerera ku moyo wakale, hyperglycemia satenga nthawi yayitali kuti adikire.

Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti pali njira zina zochizira matenda ashuga, mwachitsanzo, kusala kudya. Njira zotere nthawi zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa matenda a shuga. Kuchokera pamenepa tiyenera kunena kuti musanatsatire mankhwala osiyanasiyana othandizira ndi malingaliro awo, onetsetsani kuti mwakumana ndi dokotala.

Zachidziwikire, sindingotchulanso njira ina yochiritsira kuchokera ku matenda ashuga - pemphero, kutembenukira kwa Mulungu. M'Malemba Oyera komanso amakono anthu ambiri adalandira machiritso atatembenukira kwa Ambuye, ndipo, pankhaniyi, zilibe kanthu kuti munthu akudwala ndi chiyani, chifukwa zomwe sizingatheke kwa munthu, zonse ndizotheka kwa Mulungu.

Njira zina zochizira matenda ashuga

Zofunika! Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala azitsamba, onetsetsani kuti mwakumana ndi dokotala!

Selari ndi ndimu. Peel 500 g wa udzu winawake ndi kuwapotoza palimodzi ndi mandimu 6 mu chopukusira nyama. Wiritsani kusakaniza mu poto mu madzi osamba kwa maola awiri. Kenako, ikani chinthucho mufiriji. Osakaniza ayenera kumwedwa 1 tbsp. supuni mu mphindi 30. Asanadye kadzutsa, kwa zaka ziwiri.

Ndimu ndi parsley ndi adyo. Sakanizani 100 g a mandimu ndi 300 g wa muzu wa parsley (mutha kuyika masamba) ndi 300 g wa adyo. Timapotoza chilichonse kudzera chopukusira nyama.Zosakanikirana zomwe zimayikidwa mumtsuko ndikuyika m'malo ozizira kwamasabata awiri. The chifukwa mankhwala ayenera kumwedwa katatu patsiku, supuni 1 mphindi 30 asanadye.

Mtengo wa Linden. Ngati muli ndi shuga yayikulu magazi, imwani kulowetsedwa m'malo mwa tiyi kwa masiku angapo. Kuti mukonzekere malonda, ikani 1 tbsp. supuni ya laimu pa chikho 1 cha madzi otentha.

Muthanso kuphika ndi decoction wa linden. Kuti muchite izi, makapu awiri a maluwa a linden amathira 3 malita a madzi. Wiritsani izi kwa mphindi 10, ozizira, mavuto ndikutsanulira mumitsuko kapena mabotolo. Sungani mufiriji. Idyani kapu imodzi ya tiyi wa laimu tsiku lililonse mukamva ludzu. Mukamwa gawo ili, pezani tchuthi kwa milungu itatu, maphunzirowo atha kubwereza.

Alder, nettle ndi quinoa. Sakanizani theka kapu ya masamba a alder, 2 tbsp. masamba a quinoa masamba ndi 1 tbsp. spoonful wamaluwa maluwa. Thirani madzi osakaniza 1 litre, sansani bwino ndikuyika pambali masiku 5 pamalo opepuka. Ndipo onjezani mchere wokulirapo ndi kulowetsa supuni 1 mumphindi 30. Asanadye, m'mawa ndi madzulo.

Buckwheat Pogaya ndi khofi chopukusira 1 tbsp. supuni ya buckwheat, ndiye kuwonjezera kwa 1 chikho cha kefir. Kuumirira usiku ndi kumwa m'mawa 30 mphindi musanadye.

Ndimu ndi mazira. Finyani msuziwo ku ndimu 1 ndikusakaniza bwino dzira limodzi 1 yaiwisi. Imwani zotsatirazi mphindi 60 musanadye, kwa masiku atatu.

Walnut Thirani magawo 40 a walnuts ndi kapu ya madzi otentha. Kenako ayikeni mumdima wamadzi pafupifupi mphindi 60. Tizizire ndikuvutitsa kulowetsedwa. M`pofunika kulowetsedwa supuni 1-2 mphindi 30 asanadye, 2 pa tsiku.

Chithandizo cha tsamba la mtedza chimathandizanso. Kuti muchite izi, lembani 1 tbsp. spoonful ya zouma bwino ndi nthaka masamba 50 ml ya madzi owiritsa. Kenako, wiritsani kulowetsedwa kwa mphindi 15 pa moto wochepa, ndiye kuti muzipereka kwa mphindi 40. Msuzi uyenera kusefedwa ndikuwotenga katatu patsiku mu theka lagalasi.

Hazel (khungwa). Finely kuwaza ndi kutsanulira 400 ml ya madzi oyera 1 tbsp. spoonful ya hazel bark. Siyani katunduyo kuti adzamwe usiku, kenako ndikuyika kulowetsa mu poto lopanda kanthu ndikuyatsa moto. Kuphika mankhwala pafupifupi mphindi 10. Pambuyo pake timazizira msuzi, gawani magawo ofanana ndikumwa tsiku lonse. Sungani msuzi mufiriji.

Aspen (khungwa). Ikani mu enamel poto ochepa a planen ya assen, omwe amathira 3 malita a madzi. Bweretsani chinthucho chithupsa ndikuchotsa pamoto. Msuzi wotsatira uyenera kuledzera m'malo mwa tiyi, kwa milungu iwiri, pambuyo pake yopuma kwa masiku 7 ndikubwereza njira yamankhwala. Pakati pa maphunziro achi 2 ndi 3, yopuma imapangidwa kwa mwezi umodzi.

Tsamba la Bay. Ikani masamba 10 owuma Bay mu mbale kapena galasi mbale ndikutsanulira ndi 250 ml ya madzi otentha. Kukulakulani bwino bwino ndikuwasiya kwa maola awiri. Zomwe zimayambitsa kulowetsedwa kwa matenda ashuga zimayenera kutengedwa katatu patsiku mu theka lagalasi, mphindi 40 musanadye.

Mbewu za fulakesi Pogaya mu ufa 2 tbsp. supuni za mbewu za fulakesi ndikuzidzaza ndi 500 ml ya madzi otentha. Wiritsani osakaniza mu enamel chidebe kwa mphindi pafupifupi 5. Msuzi uyenera kuledzera kwathunthu 1 nthawi, kutentha, mphindi 30 asanadye.

Kuchiritsa kwamabala mu shuga, gwiritsani ntchito mafuta odzola pamimba ya insulin.

Kupewa matenda a shuga

Popewa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kutsatira malamulo opewera:

- yang'anani kulemera kwanu - pewani kuwoneka ngati mapaundi owonjezera,
- khalani moyo wokangalika,
- idyani moyenera - idyani pang'ono, ndikuyesetsanso kupewa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu pang'ono, koma muziyang'ana zakudya zopatsa mavitamini ndi michere,
- ulamuliro matenda oopsa (matenda oopsa) ndi lipid kagayidwe,
- osayiwala matenda omwe sanatengedwe,
- osamwa zoledzeretsa,
- Nthawi ndi nthawi mumawunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, chitani zinthu zodziteteza kuti muchepetse kusintha kwa matenda a hyperglycemia