ImmusanT imapanga katemera wa matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa mankhwala a celiac

Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti asayansi ali m'njira yopanga katemera wa matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa mankhwala a celiac.

A Foundation for Research on Type 1 Diabetes and Juvenile Diabetes, omwe apangidwa kuti apeze njira yothanirana ndi matendawa, alonjeza kuti athandizira polojekiti ndi kampani yopanga kafukufuku ya ImmusanT, yomwe cholinga chake ndikupanga katemera woletsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Kampaniyo idzagwiritsa ntchito zina zomwe zapezeka chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa immunotherapy a matenda a celiac, omwe poyambira kafukufuku adachita bwino.

Katemera wochizira matenda a celiac amatchedwa Nexvax2. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi ma peptides, ndiko kuti, mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi ma amino acid awiri kapena kupitirira omwe amalumikizidwa ndi unyolo.

Mu dongosolo la pulogalamuyi, zinthu zomwe zayambitsa chitukuko cha kutupa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a autoimmune zidapezeka kuti tilemekeza mayankho a autoimmune.

Ofufuzawo tsopano akuyembekeza kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za phunziroli kuti apange katemera wa matenda a shuga 1. Ngati atha kuzindikira ma peptides omwe ali ndi vuto lachitukuko cha matendawa, izi zithandiza kusintha njira zomwe zilipo.

Pokambirana ndi magazini ya Endocrine Today, wamkulu wa kafukufuku wa a ImmusanT, a Dr. Robert Anderson, adati: "Ngati mungathe kudziwa ma peptides, muli ndi njira zonse zolembetsera kwambiri matenda omwe amayang'ana mwachindunji mbali ya chitetezo chathupi. Sizikhudza mbali zina za chitetezo chathupi komanso chamoyo chonse. "

Chinsinsi chakuchita bwino, ofufuza amakhulupirira, sikuti kumangomvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, komanso kuthetsa mawonetseredwe azachipatala, omwe ali ofunikira pakupanga chithandizo.

"Chofunika" cha pulogalamuyi, malinga ndi gulu lofufuza, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga komanso kupewa kuteteza matendawa lisanayambike matenda.

Tikukhulupirira kuti kupita patsogolo pakupanga chithandizo chamankhwala a matenda amtundu woyamba 1 kuthamanga mwachangu chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito deta yomwe ipezeka pakafukufuku wa matenda a celiac. Komabe, kusamutsa mfundo zamankhwala othandizira matenda a celiac ku mankhwalawa a matenda amtundu wa 1 kudakali kovuta.

Dr. Anderson anati: “Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri kuposa matenda a celiac. "Izi ziyenera kuwonedwa ngati mathero a ena, mwina mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chibadwa, pamaziko omwe mayankho awiri ofanana a thupi amapangidwa."

Selo m'bokosi, kapena yankho ku vuto la chitetezo chokwanira

Koma tsopano, gulu la asayansi lapangana ndi kampani yaku America yopanga ma biotechnology yotchedwa PharmaCyte Biotech, yomwe idapanga chinthu chotchedwa Cell-In-A-Box, ndiye kuti, "Cell in Box." Mwakuganiza, amatha kuzungulira ma cell a Melligan ndikuwabisala kuchokera ku chitetezo cha mthupi kuti asawonedwe.

Ngati mumatha kusunga maselo a Melligan mu kapisozi komwe kali kosatetezeka, ndiye kuti ukadaulo wa Cell-In-A-Box umatha kubisala m'matumba a anthu ndikulola maselo kugwira ntchito popanda mavuto. Zigobazi zimapangidwa ndi cellulose - zokutira zomwe zimaloleza mamolekyulu kuyenda mbali zonse ziwiri. Izi zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito kotero kuti maselo a Melligan ophatikizana ndi nembanemba angalandire chidziwitso chokhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa munthu kumachepa ndipo jakisoni wa insulin amafunikira.

Tekinoloje yatsopanoyi imatha kukhalabe mthupi la munthu mpaka zaka ziwiri popanda kuipitsa mwanjira iliyonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatha kupereka yankho lalikulu kuvutoli kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Pakadali pano, zimangokhala zongodikira - maphunziro oyamba samayamba pa mbewa, koma anthu, ndipo muyenera kungoyang'ana zotsatira zomwe mudzapeze poyesa. Ichi ndi chowonadi chopezeka, chikuyembekezeredwa kuti chikhala chokwanira ndikuthandizira anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa kuti akhale moyo wabwino. Izi zitha kukhala zowona bwino pankhani ya zamankhwala ndi chizindikiro chabwino chotsogola bwino.

Asayansi atatsala pang'ono kupeza njira yochizira matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba

Ofufuzawo aku Russia apanga zinthu zomwe mankhwala amatha kupanga kuti abwezeretse ndikukhalanso ndi thanzi la pancreatic mu mtundu 1 wa shuga.

Mu kapamba, pali malo apadera omwe amatchedwa Langerhans Islands - ndi omwe amapanga insulin m'thupi. Hormone iyi imathandizira maselo kutulutsa shuga m'magazi, ndipo kuchepa kwake - pang'ono kapena kokwanira - kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komwe kumayambitsa matenda a shuga.

Mafuta ochulukirapo amakhumudwitsa kuchuluka kwamankhwala am'mthupi, kupanikizika kwa oxidative kumachitika, komanso mawonekedwe omasuka ambiri m'maselo, omwe amasokoneza kukhulupirika kwa maselo awa, ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka ndi kufa.

Komanso, glycation amapezeka m'thupi, momwe glucose amaphatikiza ndi mapuloteni. Mwa anthu athanzi, njirayi imachitikanso, koma pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mu shuga imathandizira ndikuwononga minofu.

Bwalo lowopsa kwambiri limawonedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga 1. Ndi iyo, maselo a Langerhans Islets amayamba kufa (madokotala amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune palokha), ndipo ngakhale amatha kugawanitsa, sangabwezeretse chiwerengero chawo choyambacho, chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa glycation ndi oxidative chifukwa cha glucose owonjezera kufa mwachangu kwambiri.

Tsiku lina, magazini ya Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy inafalitsa nkhani yokhudza zotsatira zakufufuza kwatsopano kwa asayansi ochokera ku Ural Federal University (Ural Federal University) ndi Institute of Immunology and Physiology (IIF UB RAS). Akatswiri adawona kuti zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa pamaziko a 1,3,4-thiadiazine zimachepetsa zochita za autoimmune zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, zomwe zimawononga maselo a insulin, ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, zimathetsa zovuta za glycation ndi oxidative nkhawa.

Mu mbewa yokhala ndi matenda a shuga 1 amtundu, omwe amayesa mankhwala a 1,3,4-thiadiazine, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni oteteza magazi m'magazi kunachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo hemoglobin ya glycated inazimiririka. Koma koposa zonse, mwa nyama kuchuluka kwa maselo omwe amapanga insulini mu kapamba kumakulirakonso katatu ndipo mulingo wa insulini womwewo umachuluka, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mwina mankhwala atsopano omwe adapangidwa pamaziko a zinthu zomwe zatchulidwazi amasintha chithandizo cha matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ndikupatsa odwala mamiliyoni ambiri chiyembekezo cham'tsogolo.

Kusankha mankhwala oyenera a matenda a shuga a 2 ndi kofunika kwambiri komanso kofunikira. Pakadali pano, mitundu yopitilira 40 yamankhwala ochepetsa shuga komanso ambiri mwa mayina awo ogulitsidwa amaperekedwa pamsika wamafuta azamalonda.

Kodi ochiritsa matenda ashuga ndi ati?
Mankhwala abwino kwambiri amtundu wa shuga
Mankhwala ati omwe tiyenera kupewa?
Mankhwala Atsopano a shuga

Koma musakhumudwe. M'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala othandiza komanso apamwamba sikokwanira kwambiri ndipo tidzakambirana pansipa.

Kupatula pa jakisoni wa insulin, mankhwala onse ochizira "matenda okoma" mtundu 2 amapezeka m'mapiritsi, omwe ndiabwino kwambiri kwa odwala. Kuti mumvetsetse zomwe muyenera kusankha, muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe amachitidwe amankhwala amapangira.

Mankhwala onse a matenda a shuga a 2 agawidwa kukhala:

Zomwe zimawonjezera chidwi cha maselo kupita ku insulin (masensa).
Magenge omwe amalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa mahomoni kuchokera ku kapamba (chinsinsi). Pakadali pano, madotolo ambiri akuthandiza gulu ili pamapiritsi kwa odwala awo, zomwe sizoyenera kuchita. Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo popanga maselo a B kuti azigwira ntchito. Kukomoka kwawo kumayamba msanga, ndipo matenda amtundu wa 2 amadutsa mu 1st. Pali kuperewera kwenikweni kwa insulin.
Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mayamwidwe amthupi kuchokera m'matumbo (alpha glucosidase inhibitors).
Mankhwala atsopano.

Pali magulu a mankhwala omwe ndi othandiza, ogwira ntchito komanso otetezeka kwa odwala komanso omwe amakhudza thanzi lawo.

Mankhwala abwino kwambiri a matenda ashuga a 2, omwe nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa odwala, ndi biguanides. Amaphatikizidwa m'gulu la mankhwala, omwe amachititsa kuti matupi onse azigwira ntchito ya mahomoni. Muyezo wagolide ukadali Metformin.

Mayina ake odziwika kwambiri:

Siofor. Ili ndi mphamvu yofulumira koma yochepa.
Glucophage. Ili ndi mphamvu pang'onopang'ono komanso yokhalitsa.

Ubwino waukulu wa mankhwalawa ndi awa:

Zabwino kwambiri hypoglycemic zotsatira.
Kuleza mtima kwabwino.
Pafupifupi kupezeka kwathunthu kovuta, kupatulapo kugaya chakudya. Vuto lakuchuluka limakhala nthawi zambiri (kusungunuka m'matumbo).
Kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kugunda kwamtima ndi mikwingwirima chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika pakumapezeka kwa lipid.
Osatsogolera kukuwonjezeka kwa thupi lamunthu.
Mtengo wololera.

Amapezeka m'mapiritsi a 500 mg. Yoyambira mlingo wa 1 g mu 2 mgulu waukulu kawiri pa tsiku theka la ola musanadye.

Alfa glucosidase inhibitors ndi gulu losangalatsa kwambiri la mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa matumbo kuchokera m'matumbo. Woimira wamkulu ndi Acarbose. Zogulitsa ndi Glucobay. Mapiritsi a 50-100 mg ndi zakudya zitatu musanadye. Zimaphatikizidwa bwino ndi Metformin.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amati mankhwalawa ndi amtundu wa shuga wachiwiri, omwe amachititsa kuti maselo a B amasulidwe. Njira ngati izi zimapweteketsa wodwala kuposa momwe zimamuthandizira.

Cholinga chake ndikuti kapamba akugwira kale ntchito kawiri mwamphamvu kuposa masiku onse chifukwa chakukaniza kwa minofu kuzichita za mahomoni. Powonjezera ntchito yake, adokotala amangokulitsa njira ya kufooka kwa ziwalo komanso kukulitsa kuchepa kwathunthu kwa insulin.

Glibenclamide. 1 tabu. kawiri patsiku mutadya,
Glycidone. 1 piritsi kamodzi patsiku
Glipemiride. Piritsi limodzi kamodzi tsiku lililonse.

Amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chamanthawi yochepa kuti muchepetse glycemia. Komabe, muyenera kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zofanananso ndi meglithinids (Novonorm, Starlix). Amakhetsa mwachangu kapamba ndipo satengera chilichonse chabwino kwa wodwala.

Nthawi iliyonse, ambiri amayembekeza ndi chiyembekezo, koma kodi pali njira yatsopano yothandizira matenda ashuga? Malangizo a Mtundu Wathu wa Matenda a shuga Ati Amayambitsa Asayansi Kuyang'ana Zipangizo Zatsopano za Chemical.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) zoletsa:
- Januvius
- Galvus
- Onglisa,
Glucagon-ngati Peptide-1 Agonists (GLP-1):
- Baeta
- Victoza.

Gulu loyamba la mankhwalawa limathandizira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale insulin, koma popanda kufooka kwa maselo a B. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira zabwino za hypoglycemic zimatheka.

Wogulitsa mapiritsi a 25, 50, 100 mg. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 100 mg mu 1 mlingo, ngakhale zakudya. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mosavuta komanso kusowa kwa mavuto.

Agonists a GLP-1 amatha kutulutsa mafuta kagayidwe. Amathandizira wodwalayo kuchepa thupi, mwakutero amalimbikitsa chiwopsezo cha minofu ya thupi ku zotsatira za insulin. Imapezeka ngati cholembera cha jakisoni wa subcutaneous. Mlingo woyambira ndi 0.6 mg. Pambuyo pa sabata la chithandizo chotere, mutha kukweza kwa 1.2 mg moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala oyenera kuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri ndikuganizira mawonekedwe onse a wodwala aliyense. Nthawi zina ndikofunikira kuchita insulin yothandizira matenda a shuga a 2. Mulimonsemo, mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala imakhala yodalirika pakuwongolera wodwala aliyense, yemwe sangakhale wosangalala.

Asayansi a Ural ali m'gulu lomaliza la kupanga mankhwala atsopano a shuga. Kupanga kofunikira kumapangidwa ndi asayansi aku Ural Federal University.

Malinga ndi ntchito ya atolankhani ku yunivesite, mankhwalawa adzangotengera chithandizo chokha, komanso kupewa. Kukula kumachitika limodzi ndi asayansi ochokera ku Volgograd Medical University. Malinga ndi Pulofesa Alexander Spassov, Mkulu wa Dipatimenti Yopanga Mankhwala ku Volgograd State Medical University, kusiyana pakati pa mankhwalawa ndikuti kuyimitsa kusintha kosapangika kwa ma molekyulu a protein. Katswiriyu akutsimikiza kuti katemera ena onse amathanso kutsitsa shuga m'magazi, koma osachotsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

"Tsopano pali kusankha mamolekyulu pazotsatira zam'mbuyomu. Kuchokera pazinthu khumi zomwe zasankhidwa, muyenera kusankha chimodzi choti mupereke. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa malamulo azinthu, mtundu wa mankhwala, mankhwala opatsirana, toxicology, kukonzekera zolemba zonse zoyeserera pachipatala ”, –Pulofesa adalankhula za gawo lenileni la ntchito.

Komabe, si onse opangidwa ophatikizidwa omwe adzapulumuka mayesero oyamba.

"Cholumikizira chimodzi chokha ndi chomwe chitha kuchita izi. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi kafukufuku wanyama, gawo loyamba la mayesero azachipatala ndi odzipereka athanzi, kenako gawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu, " – adatsimikiza mkulu wa KhTI UrFU Vladimir Rusinov.

Posachedwa, mankhwalawa adzawonekera m'mafakisi.

Kutali ndi loto: Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amatha kuchiritsidwa

Lachisanu, njira yopezera chithandizo chothandiza cha matenda ashuga a 1 idayamba kuwonekera. Asayansi ku yunivesite ya Harvard anena kuti adatha kupanga njira yopangira maselo ambiri a labotale yokhazikika, yokhwima, yopanga ma insulin kuchokera ku maselo a tebulo. Komanso, zochuluka zokwanira kupatsirana kwa odwala omwe maselo a beta amaphedwa ndi chitetezo chawochomwe.

Maselo osinthira

Monga mukudziwira, kapamba amawongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi masana ndikusungidwa ndi maselo a beta omwe amapezeka muzilumba zotchedwa Langerhans, the insulin. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, maselo a chitetezo chamthupi, pazifukwa zomwe sizikudziwika, amalowera zisumbu za Langerhans ndikuwononga maselo a beta. Kuperewera kwa insulin kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoopsa monga kufooka kwa mtima, kulephera kuwona, kugunda, kulephera kwaimpso, ndi ena. Odwala amayenera kudzipaka okha ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kangapo patsiku moyo, komabe, ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa kufanana kwenikweni ndi njira yachilengedwe yotulutsira timadzi timagazi.

Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, asayansi kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi akhala akufunafuna njira zotengera maselo a beta omwe adataika chifukwa cha autoimmune process. Makamaka, njira idapangidwira kuti ikasinthidwe wa ma insulocytes (maselo amtundu wa ma isanger a Langerhans) opatulidwa ndi othandizira kapamba. Komabe, njirayi imakhalabe yoyesera, yopezeka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ziwalo zopereka kwa odwala ochepa okha. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalikira kwa maselo opereka, kuti athetse kukana kwawo, kumafunikira kumwa mankhwala amphamvu nthawi zonse ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zilizonse.

Pambuyo podzipatula mu 1998 maselo a embryonic stem omwe angathenso kusintha maselo aliwonse amthupi, cholinga cha magulu ambiri asayansi chinali kufufuza njira zopezera maselo a beta omwe amagwira ntchito kuchokera kwa iwo. Magulu angapo adachita bwino muvitro (kunja kwa chamoyo) kusinthira ma cell a embryonic kukhala ma cell a precursor (ma foreorsors) a ma insulocytes, omwe pomwepo amakhala okhwima, atayikidwa mu zamoyo za mzere wokhazikitsidwa ndi nyama yazinyama ndikuyamba kupanga insulin. Ntchito yakucha imatenga pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi umodzi.

Makamaka, akatswiri aku University of California (San Diego) adachita bwino. Pa Seputembara 9, iwo, pamodzi ndi kampani yaku biotechnology yakomweko, ViaCyte, adalengeza zoyambira zoyamba zamtundu woyesera zamankhwala oyesera VC-01, omwe ndi ma cell opangira beta omwe adakulidwa kuchokera ku maselo a embryonic stem ndipo adayikika mu chipolopolo chongoganiza. Amaganiza kuti gawo loyamba la mayeselo, lomwe linapangidwa kuti liwone kuyendetsa bwino, kulolera komanso chitetezo chamtundu uliwonse wa mankhwalawa, lidzatha zaka ziwiri, pafupifupi odwala 40 atenga nawo mbali. Ofufuzawo akuyembekeza kuti zotsatira zolimbikitsa kuchokera ku zoyeserera zanyama ziyenera kubwerezedwanso mwa anthu ndipo zitsogozo za beta-zokhazikitsidwa pansi pa khungu zidzakhazikika ndikuyamba kupanga kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe thupi limafunikira, kulola odwala kupereka jakisoni.

Kuphatikiza pa maselo a embryonic stem, magwero opanga ma insulocytes amatha kuthandizanso maselo ambiri am'mimba (iPSC) - maselo ocheperanso omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo okhwima komanso omwe amatha kudziwa maselo amitundu yonse yomwe ilipo mu thupi la akulu. Komabe, kuyesa kwawonetsa kuti njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri komanso yayitali, ndipo ma cell a beta omwe alibe zotsatira alibe maselo ambiri "amtundu".

Hafu ya lita imodzi ya maselo a beta

Pakadali pano, gulu la Melton lidati adapanga njira yopewera zolakwika zonse - ma cell a embryonic stem ndi iPSC ikhoza kukhala gwero la insulocytes, ndondomeko yonse ikuchitika muvitrondipo patatha masiku 35, chotengera theka lita ndi ma 200 miliyoni okhwima, omwe amagwira ntchito maselo a beta amalandilidwa, omwe, mwaulere, ndi okwanira kutulutsira wodwala m'modzi. Melton mwiniwakeyo adatcha protocol "yotulutsa, koma yopweteka kwambiri." Magazini yake inalemba kuti: “Palibe matsenga, kungogwira ntchito molimbika kwazaka zambiri,” amatero. Sayansi. Ndondomekoyi imaphatikizira kuyambitsa gawo muzosankhidwa bwino bwino pazinthu zisanu zakusintha ndi zinthu 11 zazikulu.

Pakadali pano, njira ya Melton yawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pakuyesa pa mtundu wa mbewa wa matenda a shuga 1. Masabata awiri atasinthidwa kulowa mu mbewa za matenda ashuga, maselo a beta amtundu waanthu omwe amapezeka m'maselo azomwe amapanga adayamba kupanga insulin yokwanira kuchiritsa nyama.

Komabe, asanafike kumayesero amtundu wa anthu, Melton ndi mnzake akuyenera kuthana ndi vuto lina - momwe angatetezere kumuika kuti asagwidwe ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Njira yomweyi ya autoimmune yomwe idayambitsa matendawa imatha kukhudza maselo atsopano a beta omwe amapezeka ku iPSC ya wodwalayo, ndipo ma insulocytes ochokera ku maselo a embryonic stem atha kukhala magwero a mayankho abwinobwino achitetezo, monga othandizira kunja. Pakadali pano, gulu la Melton, mogwirizana ndi malo ena ofufuza, likugwiritsa ntchito njira yothanirana ndi vutoli. Mwa zosankha zina ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa maselo atsopano a beta mu chipolopolo china kapena kutulutsa kwawo kuti athe kukana kuukira kwa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Melton sakayikira kuti zovuta izi zitha. Malingaliro ake, mayesero azachipatala a njira yake ayambira zaka zingapo zikubwerazi. "Tsopano tili ndi gawo limodzi lokhalo," adatero.

Mukachiritsa kotheratu matenda ashuga: zomwe zikuchitika komanso njira zomwe zikuyendera matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kusowa kwathunthu kapena kuperewera kwa insulin ya mahomoni ofunikira kuti apatse maselo amthupi mphamvu zamitundu.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti padziko lapansi pamasekondi asanu aliwonse munthu mmodzi amatenga matendawa, amafa masekondi 7 aliwonse.

Matendawa amatsimikizira kuti ali ngati mliri wopatsirana wazaka zathu zino. Malinga ndi kulosera kwa WHO, pofika chaka cha 2030 matenda ashuga azikhala m'malo 7 chifukwa chaimfa, ndiye funso loti "mankhwala opanga matenda ashuga adzapangidwa liti?" Ndilothandiza monga kale.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika amoyo omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Komabe ndizotheka kuyendetsa njira zamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito njira ndi maukadaulo angapo:

ukadaulo wamatenda am'magazi matendawa, womwe umapangitsa kuti magazi azigwiritsidwa ntchito katatu,
kugwiritsa ntchito insulin m'mabotolo, pansi pazofanana, iyenera kuperekedwa theka,
njira yopangira maselo a pancreatic beta.

Kuchepetsa thupi, masewera, zakudya ndi mankhwala azitsamba zitha kuyimitsa zizindikirazo komanso kukhala bwino, koma simungasiye kumwa mankhwala a odwala matenda ashuga. Pakalipano lero titha kulankhula za kuthekera kwa kupewa komanso kuchiritsa kwa SD.ads-mob-1

Kodi zopambana za matenda ashuga pazaka zingapo zapitazi ndi ziti?

Zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala ndi njira zochizira matenda a shuga yapangidwa. Ena amathandizira kuchepetsa thupi pomwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zoyipa ndi contraindication.

Tikukamba za chitukuko cha insulin monga chofanana ndi chopangidwa ndi thupi la munthu.. Njira zoperekera ndi kuyendetsa matenda a insulin zikukwera kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mapampu a insulin, omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni ndikupangitsa kuti akhale bwino. Izi zikuyenda kale.

Mu 2010, mu magazini yolemba zofufuza za Nature, ntchito ya Pulofesa Erickson idasindikizidwa, yemwe adakhazikitsa ubale wa mapuloteni a VEGF-B ndikugawa kwamafuta mumankhwala komanso mawonekedwe awo. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amatsutsana ndi insulin, yomwe imalonjeza kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu minofu, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima.

Pofuna kupewa izi ndikusunga maselo a minyewa kuti ayankhe ku insulin, asayansi aku Sweden apanga ndikuyesa njira yochizira matenda amtunduwu, omwe amachokera pazolepheretsa kukula kwa njira ya vascular endothelial grow factor VEGF-B.ads-mob-2 ads-pc- 1Mu 2014, asayansi aku United States ndi Canada adalandira maselo a beta kuchokera ku mluza waumunthu, womwe umatha kupanga insulin pamaso pa glucose.

Ubwino wa njirayi ndi mwayi wopeza maselo ambiri otere.

Koma maselo obisika adzafunika kutetezedwa, chifukwa adzaukiridwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu. Pali njira zingapo zowatetezera - polimbitsa maselo ndi hydrogel, salandila michere kapena kuyika dziwe la maselo a beta osabadwa.

Njira yachiwiri ili ndi mwayi wambiri chifukwa imagwirira ntchito komanso kuchita bwino. Mu 2017, STAMPEDE adafalitsa kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga.

Zotsatira za kuwunika kwazaka zisanu zikuwonetsa kuti "atachitidwa opareshoni ya metabolic", ndiye kuti, opaleshoni, gawo lachitatu la odwala adasiya kumwa insulini, pomwe ena adachoka popanda chithandizo chotsitsa shuga. Kupeza kofunikira kumeneku kunachitika motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa chitukuko cha ma bariatrics, omwe amapereka chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kupewa matendawa.

Kodi mankhwala a matenda ashuga a 1 amapangidwa liti?

Ngakhale matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba amaonedwa ngati osachiritsika, asayansi aku Britain adakwanitsa kupezeka ndi zovuta zomwe zimatha "kuyambiranso" maselo achikondwerero omwe amapanga insulin.

Kumayambiriro, kuphatikizako kunaphatikizapo mankhwala atatu omwe adayimitsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo omwe amapanga insulin. Kenako, enzyme alpha-1-antirepsin, yomwe imabwezeretsa maselo a insulin, idawonjezeredwa.

Mu 2014, kuyanjana kwa matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa coxsackie kudadziwika ku Finland. Zinadziwika kuti 5% yokha mwa anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda amenewa amadwala matendawa. Katemera angathandizenso kuthana ndi meningitis, otitis media ndi myocarditis.

Chaka chino, mayesero azachipatala a katemera woletsa kusintha kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 adzachitika. Ntchito ya mankhwalawa ndikutukula kusatetezeka kumatenda, osati kuchiritsa matendawa.

Kodi mankhwala oyamba a matenda ashupi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi ndi ati?

Njira zonse zochiritsira zitha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu:

kufalikira kwa kapamba, minofu yake kapena maselo amodzi,
immunomodulation - cholepheretsa kuukira kwa maselo a beta ndi chitetezo cha mthupi,
beta cell kukonza.

Cholinga cha njirazi ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka moyenera kwa maselo a beta .ads-mob-1

Kalelo mu 1998, Melton ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adapatsidwa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa ma ESC ndikuwasintha kukhala maselo omwe amapanga insulin mu kapamba. Ukadaulo uwu udzapanganso ma cell a beta okwana mamiliyoni 200 pamlingo wa mamililita 500, zomwe zingakhale zofunikira pothandiza wodwala m'modzi.

Maselo a Melton angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu woyamba 1, komabe pakufunika njira yopewera maselo kuti asemedwenso. Chifukwa chake, Melton ndi ogwira nawo ntchito akuganiza momwe angakhalire ndi masitepe oyambira.

Maselo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zovuta za autoimmune. Melton akuti ali ndi mizere yambiri ya cell mu labotale, yotengedwa kuchokera kwa anthu athanzi, komanso odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mitundu yonse iwiri, pomwe ma cell a beta samwalira kumapeto.

Maselo a Beta amapangidwa kuchokera pamizere kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Komanso, maselo azithandizira kusintha kuzungulira kwa zinthu zomwe zitha kuyimitsa kapenanso kusintha kuwonongeka kochitidwa ndi matenda ashuga kupita ku maselo a beta.

Asayansi anatha kusintha maselo amtundu wa T, omwe ntchito yawo inali kuwongolera kayendedwe ka chitetezo cha mthupi. Maselo amenewa anatha kuletsa maselo oopsa "oopsa".

Ubwino wakuchiza matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi maselo T ndi kuthekera kopanga chida cha immunosuppression pa chiwalo china popanda kuphatikiza chitetezo chonse cha mthupi.

Maselo obwezerezedwanso T amayenera kupita mwachindunji kwa kapamba kuti asawonongeke, ndipo maselo oyeserera sangakhale nawo.

Mwina njirayi idzalowa m'malo mwa insulin. Mukamayambitsa maselo a T kwa munthu amene akungoyamba kumene matenda ashuga amtundu 1, amchiza matenda amtunduwu.

Zovuta za ma virus serotypse 17 zinasinthidwa kukhala chikhalidwe cha RD komanso chikhalidwe china cha 8 mpaka Vero cell. Ndikothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu 9 ya kachilombo ka Katemera wa akalulu ndi mwayi wopeza sera yeniyeni.

Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa kachilombo ka Koksaki A virus ka serotypes 2,4,7,9 ndi 10, IPVE inayamba kupanga sera yokufufuza.

Ndikotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu 14 ya kachilombo ka HIV pophunzira kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies kapena ma othandizira m'magazi a seramu ya ana pazosagwirizana nawo.

Mwa kukonzanso maselo, asayansi adatha kuwapangitsa kuti apange insulin ngati maselo a beta poyankha shuga.

Tsopano kugwira ntchito kwa maselo kumawonedwa mu mbewa zokha. Asayansi pakadali pano sakunena za zotsatira zenizeni, komabe mwayi ulipo wothandiza odwala matenda a shuga 1 amtunduwu.

Ku Russia, pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aposachedwa aku Cuba. Zambiri mu kanemayo:

Kuyesera konse koteteza ndi kuchiritsa matenda a shuga kungachitike mu zaka khumi zikubwerazi. Kukhala ndi matekinoloje otere ndi njira zamagwiritsidwe ntchito, mutha kuzindikira malingaliro olimba mtima kwambiri.

Kuyesedwa kwa matenda oyamba kwa matenda ashuga kunayamba

Kodi mankhwala ali okonzeka kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga? Kudya kwatsopano kwamankhwala kumapangitsa kuti insulini ipangidwe nthawi 40.

Ofufuza ku Mount Sinai Hospital School of Medicine ku New York apanga mankhwala osakanikirana omwe angachulukitse kwambiri kuchuluka kwa maselo opanga insulin. Mwachizolowezi, kupezeka kumeneku kumatha kudzetsa oyamba m'mbiri ya chithandizo chamankhwala ochizira matenda ashuga. Kumbukirani kuti kagayidwe kachakudya kameneka sikadatha komanso kakhazikika - matenda a shuga sangachiritsidwe. Omwe amamuthandiza amakhala ndi kuchepa kwa maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin. Popanda insulini yokwanira, thupi la munthu lotere silingathe kupanga shuga kapena shuga mokwanira. Ndipo tsopano, asayansi aku United States apeza kuti mankhwala atsopano otchedwa harmin amatha "kubwezeretsa" m'maselo a kapamba kuti atulutse ma cell a beta opitilira ka 10 patsiku.

Ngakhale zili choncho, mankhwala a harmin akaperekedwa limodzi ndi mankhwala achiwiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti alimbikitse kukula kwa mafupa, kuchuluka kwa maselo a beta opangidwa ndi thupi kumawonjezeka nthawi 40. Mankhwalawa akuyesera ndipo akupitilizidwa kuyesa, koma ofufuza akukhulupirira kuti mphamvu yamphamvuyi pa ma cell a beta ingathe kusintha kwambiri algorithm yonse yamankhwala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa 2 ndi matenda ashuga.

MedicForum imakumbukira kuti ku Russia anthu pafupifupi 7 miliyoni ali ndi matenda ashuga, pafupifupi 90% amakhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa chokhala kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Anthu ena mamiliyoni angapo ku Russia ali kale ndi prediabetes, matendawa amatha kukhala shuga wambiri mkati mwa zaka 5 ngati wodwalayo samalandira chithandizo ndipo sasintha momwe amakhalira. (WERENGANI ZAMBIRI)