Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri mwa mwana - njira zochepetsera
Shuga wokwera m'maso mwa ana ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha thupi pakukula kwa kusokonezeka kulikonse mu dongosolo la endocrine, kotero mawonetsedwe otero ayenera kuphunziridwa mosamala. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga zomwe zili m'mimba kuyenera kupatula kapena kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa matenda owopsa m'mwana, chifukwa matenda a shuga a ana ndi matenda owopsa omwe amafunikira kuwunikira nthawi zonse komanso chithandizo choyenera.
Udindo wa shuga m'magazi
Glucose m'thupi ndi gawo lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi ntchito yopanga polysaccharides (wowuma, glycogen, cellulose). Pankhaniyi, shuga ndi gawo la lactose, sucrose ndi maltose. Amatengeka mwachangu kwambiri kuchokera kumatumbo am'mimba ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kuchita nawo ziwalo zomwe zimasungidwa ndipo zimasinthidwa kukhala adenosine triphosphoric acid. Ndi mwanjira iyi kuti glucose imakhala wothandizira wamphamvu kwambiri.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi kumadalira zomwe zimachitika mu mphamvu ya mahomoni, ndipo zosokoneza zilizonse zimavulaza thupi lonse. Pazinthu zomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kupitilira zovomerezeka, muyenera kuganizira kutsatira zakudya zapadera.
Kuopsa kowonjezera shuga mthupi
Mavuto a kagayidwe ka glucose ndi owopsa chifukwa amatha kupangitsa matenda ashuga. Mkulu shuga akayamba kuchuluka msanga, zimatha kuchititsa kuti musamaiwale ngakhale kufa kumene. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kungayambitse matenda a m'mitsempha yamagazi ndikupanga matenda a mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezereka kwa glucose m'thupi kumapangitsa kuti khungu lithe kuwona bwino kapena pang'ono, kulephera kwa impso, khungu la miyendo.
Mavuto azachipatala amatchedwa diabetesic ketoacidosis ndi hyperglycemic coma. Komabe, ngati mutsatira malingaliro a dokotala, mutha kuyendetsa shuga yanu m'manja. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, ngati zizindikiro za shuga m'magazi mwa ana zimawonekera, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa ndikuwapatsa chithandizo choyenera.
Zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa ana
Kuwonjezeka kwa glucose m'thupi la mwana sikuti nthawi zonse kumasonyeza kukula kwa matenda. Nthawi zambiri, kuwerengeka kwa shuga sikulondola, chifukwa ana samakonzekera bwino kuti ayesedwe musanayesedwe matenda a shuga (mwachitsanzo, amadya chakudya m'madzulo a sampling ya magazi).
Monga yankho ku funso loti mwana ali ndi shuga wambiri, pali zifukwa monga:
- kuchuluka kwa zamaganizidwe,
- kupsinjika
- mawonekedwe akuvulala ndi kuwotchedwa,
- Kutentha kwambiri kwa matenda opatsirana,
- kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ngati mankhwala omwe si a antiidal
- ululu.
Kuphatikiza apo, matenda oopsa am'kati mwa ziwalo zamkati amatha kukhala zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi:
- matenda a gren adrenal England
- onenepa kwambiri
- neoplasms.
Homoni wotchedwa insulin, yemwe amapangidwa kokha ndi kapamba, amatha kutsitsa shuga. Wodwala pang'ono akayamba kunenepa kwambiri, kapamba amayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika. Zotsatira zake, zinthu zake zimatha pang'onopang'ono, ma pathologies amapangidwa.
Chizindikiro cha shuga m'magazi mwa mwana chikhoza kukhala chopezeka cha glucose chopitilira 6 mmol / L. Komanso, mawonetsedwe azachipatala omwe matendawa pawokha atha kusiyanasiyana.
Zizindikiro zakukula kwa matenda amisempha
Zizindikiro za shuga wambiri m'matupi mwa ana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda oopsa, ndi:
- kumverera kwa ludzu losalekeza
- kukodza pafupipafupi
- njala yosalekeza
- kuwonda
- kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
- kufooka ndi ulesi,
- kutopa,
- mwa atsikana - pafupipafupi candidiasis (thrush).
Nthawi zambiri mwana samvetsa zomwe zikumuchitikira, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali sizigwirizana ndi zomwe zikubwera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti makolo azisamalira kwambiri ana awo magazi. A glucometer amathandizira kuwongolera shuga.
Zomwe zimachitika mthupi
Mu ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, okhala ndi glucose wambiri m'thupi, mumakhala kuchepa kwamkati kwa ziwalo zamkati. Thupi, kuyesera kuchepetsa magazi, limatenga madzimadzi kuchokera m'maselo a minyewa yonse, ndichifukwa chake mwana amafunitsitsa kumwa. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhudza kwamikodzo dongosolo, chifukwa madzi amadzimadzi ambiri ayenera kuchotsedwa. Kulimbikitsa pafupipafupi kukodza kuyenera kukopa chidwi cha makolo ndi aphunzitsi, chifukwa mwana amakakamizidwa kuti achoke kuchimbudzi nthawi ya maphunziro.
Kutha kwamadzi kwakanthawi kwamunthu kumakhudza masomphenyawo, chifukwa mu nkhani iyi ma lens amaso amakhudzidwa koyamba. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe ndi kuwona kwa chifunga m'maso.
Popita nthawi, thupi limataya mphamvu yake yogwiritsa ntchito glucose monga gwero lamphamvu ndikuyamba kuwotcha mafuta. Zikatero, mwana amayamba kuchepa msanga.
Kuphatikiza apo, makolo ayenera kulabadira kufooka kosalekeza komwe kumawonekera chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin. Zotsatira zake, glucose sangathe kusintha kukhala mphamvu yofunikira.
Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumabweretsa kuti thupi silingakhutiritse ndikulanda chakudya nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse. Koma ngati njala yafupika, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuwonetsa matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis.
Kodi matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis amawonetsedwa bwanji?
Matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda oopsa a shuga omwe amatha kupha. Zofunikira zake ndi:
- nseru
- kupumira msanga
- Kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa,
- kufooka
- kupweteka m'mimba.
Ngati njira zoyenera sizingachitike munthawi yake, ndiye kuti mwanayo atha kuzindikira, kugwa ndikufa m'nthawi yochepa. Kudziwa momwe mungathandizire shuga a magazi, mutha kuletsa kukula kwa zinthu ngati izi. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga sizinganyalanyazidwe.
Zowopsa mthupi: shuga yamagazi imakwezedwa
Kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi - chochita? M'maselo a kapamba, mahomoni awiri amwano amapangidwa - insulin ndi glucagon. Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, insulini imalimbikitsa kulowa kwake m'maselo, ndipo zochulukazo zimasungidwa mu chiwindi (mawonekedwe a glycogen). Ndikusowa kwa glucose, glucagon imalepheretsa kupanga glycogen ndikuyamba kuyigwira mwachangu kuti ibwererenso shuga. Chifukwa chake, ndi ntchito yoyenera ya pancreatic, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, insulini imathandizira kuti shuga asinthidwe kukhala mphamvu. Ngati magazi a shuga akwera, ndipo insulini sikokwanira pakuchita kwake, ndiye kuti izi zimasokoneza thupi lonse. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi za mwana yemwe ali ndi shuga yayikulu kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga.
Koma insulin yowonjezeranso ndi chizindikiro choyipa, chosonyeza kukula kwa zovuta mthupi. Zimapangitsa kuyika kwamafuta mu minofu yolumikizana ndipo imathandizira kudzikundikira kwa glycogen m'chiwindi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukana kwa insulin - mkhalidwe womwe ma cell samayankha pazomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mahomoni. Zotsatira zake, amayamba kugwiritsira ntchito insulin ndipo sangathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Izi zimayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia ndi matenda a shuga a 2.
Ma autoimmune pathologies omwe amachititsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuti kapamba atulutse insulini amatha kukhala njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga asokonekere m'thupi la mwana. Izi zimabweretsa kuti glucose sangathe kulowa m'maselo, chifukwa ma insulin receptors sakukhudzidwa. Kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin receptors kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake m'magazi. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'maselo kumakhala kosatheka.
Mulimonsemo mwa izi, kuyang'aniridwa kwa achipatala ndi kulandira mankhwala ndikofunikira.
Kuyesedwa kwa matenda ashuga
Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsimikiziridwa ngati zinthuzo zimatengedwa pamikhalidwe yachipatala kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala. Mutha kudziwa bwinobwino kuchuluka kwake mthupi pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Kuti mudziwe ngati shuga ali m'mwana wakhanda kapena ayi, magazi amatha kutengedwa kuchokera kumiyendo kapena chidendene.
Kusanthula kumayenera kuchitika m'mawa musanadye. Asanayesedwe, mwana sayenera kudya kwa maola 10. Komanso ndikosayenera kumwa kwambiri. Kuti mumve zotsatira zoyenera kwambiri, mutuwo uyenera kukhala wodekha osati wotopa. Mulingo wa shuga wamwana zimadalira mkhalidwe wake ndi msinkhu wake.
Zina zomwe ndi shuga wokwezeka
Mulingo wamagazi m'magulu 6.6-6.9 mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndi prediabetes. Mtundu 1 kapena matenda a shuga a 2 amapezeka pamitengo yapamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, prediabetes ndi chizindikiro cha thupi chododometsa pakugwira ntchito kwa machitidwe ake, ndipo ngati njira zake sizinatenge nthawi, matendawa amasintha kukhala matenda a shuga.
Mukafuna yankho la funso loti mwana ali ndi shuga wambiri, madotolo amafufuza matenda a prediabetes, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwa njirayi. Nthawi zambiri, shuga wamagazi mwa munthu wathanzi sapitilira mtengo wa 5.5 mmol / L. Matenda a shuga ndi mtundu wachiwiri amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo, mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu 1, amatha kukhala ndi vuto. Chifukwa chake, kupitirira malire kumeneku kumafunikira chidwi chochulukirapo kuchokera kwa onse dokotala ndi makolo a wodwala.
Ndi matenda ati omwe angayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi
Mwa anthu athanzi, thupi limatha kukhalabe ndi shuga, ngakhale litakhala ndi katundu wambiri. Komabe, ndikuphwanya zakudya m'thupi komanso moyo wopanda thanzi, mayendedwe achilengedwewo amatha. Poterepa, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka ndi chitukuko cha:
- matenda opatsirana
- kapamba (kutupa kwa kapamba),
- pancreatic neoplasms (chosaopsa kapena chowawa),
- kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni.
Kuphatikiza apo, kupsinjika mtima kumatha kukhala chotsekereza pakuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Chithandizo cha ana
Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chowonjezera shuga m'thupi la mwana chimakhala magawo angapo. Izi ndiye zoyambirira:
- kumwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi dokotala
- shuga tsiku lililonse,
- kutsatira zakudya zapadera.
Muchepetse zakudya zanu zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso zakudya zopanda mafuta. Maswiti ndi confectionery zomwe zili muzakudya za wodwalayo ziyenera kulowedwa m'malo ndi masamba otentha, nyama yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso nsomba, zipatso ndi zipatso zowawasa.
Tisaiwale za zolimbitsa thupi. Mwana amene matenda ake a prediabetes amapezeka ayenera kuyenda ndikumasewera kwambiri mlengalenga. Wodwala yemwe akuyembekezeredwa mofananamo ayenera kutsatira dongosolo linalake lazakudya. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kumwa madzi ambiri akumwa.
Kupewa kwa Glucose
Kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi, prediabetes kapena matenda ashuga - ichi sichiri chiganizo kwa mwana. Zophwanya izi sizimamupangitsa kuti akhale wolumala ndipo zimamupatsa mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wanthawi zonse. Miyezo yayikulu yoyenera kutsatira pamenepa:
- magazi magazi
- gwiritsitsani zakudya zama carb zochepa
- Tsatirani malangizo onse a dokotala.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunika kuti makolo azisunga zolemba zazakudya za mwana, ndipo ngati sizachitika mwanjira yachilendo, yeretsani shuga ndi glucometer.
Chikhalidwe cha shuga m'magazi
Mulingo wa shuga m'magazi a mwana wotengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu uyenera kukhala wopyola malire. Ngati kuwerenga kuli kokwezeka kapena kotsika, ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse ndikupeza chifukwa chake glucose m'magazi ndilopanda tanthauzo wamba.
Gome. Mchitidwe wamagulu a shuga wa ana kuyambira pobadwa mpaka zaka 18.
M'badwo | Glucose mmol / l |
---|---|
mpaka 1 chaka | 2,8–4,4 |
1–5 | 3,3–5 |
6–14 | 3,3–5,5 |
kuyambira 14 mpaka 18 | 3,6–6 |
Mlingo wa shuga 2 mawola atatha kudya ndi ochepera 7.8 mmol / L mumsana uliwonse wa mwana.
Zifukwa zakuchuluka kwa shuga
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa dextrose level kumaphatikizidwa mndandanda wazotsatira zoyenera. Kudziwona kwakanthawi kwa endocrine pathology ndikofunikira kuti mankhwala azitha bwino komanso kupewa kutulutsa zovuta. Koma choyamba muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake glucose amatuluka mwa mwana.
Mlingo wa shuga 2 mawola atatha kudya ndi ochepera 7.8 mmol / L mumsana uliwonse wa mwana.
Kuyesa kwa shuga
Kudziwitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi. Kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kumatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa glucose komanso ngati mugwiritsa ntchito glucometer.
Mwa makanda, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera kuphazi kapena chidendene.
Njira zodziwira shuga:
- M'malo a labotale, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala, mtsempha kapena phazi. Kuchita lendi pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Ana amatengedwa ndi mkanda, chipangizocho chimakupatsani mwayi woyesa mosapweteka. Chala chamkati ndi mphete chimabedwa, kupyoza kumapangidwa panthaka ya terminal ya terminal. Choyamba ankachitira ndi antiseptic, kenako kubaya chala. Magazi akawoneka pamwamba, amachotsedwa ndi swab. Dontho lachiwiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufufuza, limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galasi losabala.
- Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer yosunthika ngati mukufunikira kuyeza shuga la magazi pafupipafupi. Sambani manja anu ndi sopo wa antibacterial, ikani lancet yochotsa, thonje thonje ndi mowa ndikuchiritsa khungu. Ikani gawo loyeserera mu slot ndikudikirira mpaka chipangizocho chikhala chikafunika kuti chigwirike. Pangani cholembera, dikirani kuti dontho la magazi libwere, gwiritsani gawo la strip, gwiritsitsani mpaka mita ikuwonetsa kuwerengera.
Kusanthula kwa labotale nthawi zonse kumachitika molingana ndi algorithm imodzi. Ma glucometer ochokera kumakampani osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Musanagule, pezani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, auzeni mwanayo.
Zochita za makolo omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia mwa mwana
Ngati pali zizindikiro za hyperglycemia, ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati mwana wapanga jakisoni. Mwina mwangozi adadya chinthu choletsedwa, monga maswiti. Mwina kusukulu, anzanu akusukulu anali ndi tsiku lobadwa ndipo adakondwerera ndi gulu lonse.
Ndikofunikira kufotokozera kuti matenda ake ndi oopsa bwanji. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimachitika ngati mumadya maswiti nthawi zonse. Ndikofunikira kuyanjana ndi achinyamata pazokambirana, apangeni iwo kuti azisankha okha momwe angadye chosakoma, osayambitsa hyperglycemia.
Pakachitika vuto la hyperglycemia, muyenera kupita kuchipatala. Mwana akachimwa, onetsetsani kuti misewu yake yawonekera. Muyenera kukhala opereka chithandizo musanayitane ambulansi.
Makolo ayenera kukambirana ndi aphunzitsi za matendawa. Simungathe kutumiza imodzi ku ofesi ya zamankhwala, panjira yomwe wophunzira angataye chikumbumtima.
Timapereka kuchotsera kwa owerenga tsamba lathu!
Makolo ayenera kuteteza mwana m'njira zonse zopezeka. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza matendawa. Izi ndizothandiza ngati kuukira kumachitika mumsewu. Madokotala omwe amabwera kudzayitanidwa amatha kupereka chithandizo choyamba.
Kufunika kwakuwunikira mosamala
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amamvetsetsa kufunikira kowunika magazi a shuga pafupipafupi.Kuwombera kumodzi kokha ndi glucometer kuwonetsa shuga wolondola.
Kuzunzika kwa dextrose kuyenera kuwunikiridwa kuti apange jekeseni wa nthawi yake wa insulin komanso kupewa hyperglycemia. Kusunga shuga wabwinobwino ndikubwezera kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, kumatsimikizira zovuta zoyipa.
Yang'anani kuchuluka kwa glucose musanadye chakudya chilichonse. Pokhala ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu, kumakhala mkhalidwe wabwino, ndipo patatha maola angapo kapena masiku angapo chikomokere.
Kutsitsa magazi
Ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, ubongo umasokonezeka. Mwanayo amakhala wopanda chidwi. Wachinyamata atha kulephera kuganiza bwino. Ndi chakudya chosayembekezeka cha chakudya choyambirira, vuto lalikulu laubongo limachitika, ngakhale kufa.
Ndi shuga wotsika, thandizo loyamba limakhala kumwa Acarbose. Mapiritsiwo ndi ochepa, ozungulira, oyera. Ana anakankhidwa, ndikuwonjezeredwa kumadzi.
Shuga akamatsikira pazovuta zotsika, 40% shuga kapena dextrose ndi mankhwala. Dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala a glucagon ndi adrenaline. Fotokozerani Dexamethasone.
Ambulansi imatchedwa pomwe kukhudzidwa ndi kukhudzika kumachitika, kusiya kukumbukira komanso kusayenda bwino kwa kayendedwe. Mu 80% ya omwe amakhala ndi shuga wotsika kwambiri, ana amafa.
Njira za anthu
Njira zochizira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kukonza kwa mwana komanso kupewa kwa hypoglycemia. Zolemba zilizonse zikuyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala.
Ndi shuga wochepa, decoctions of blueberries, currants wakuda, ndimu, uchi, lunguzi ndi hawthorn zakonzedwa.
Mu zaka 15-18, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito 1 tbsp. l anyezi madzi musanadye. Koma pokhapokha ngati pali mavuto ndi m'mimba thirakiti.
Pokonzekera ma broths tengani 1 tbsp. zitsamba zilizonse zomwe zimachulukitsa shuga, zitsanulira kapu yamadzi otentha. Chotengera chija chimatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro cholimba ndikusiyidwa kuti chipukuse. Amasamba madzi osamba kuti mankhwala azitsamba azitha bwino.
Kuti muchepetse shuga, muyenera kutsatira zakudya. Zakudya zoyenera ndizomwe zimayambira matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kwa ana, monga kulandira Mlingo wa insulin.
Chakudyacho ndi chopatsa thanzi, poganizira mkhalidwe wa mwana, machitidwe a thupi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Ndi shuga wotsika, zogulitsa za GI ziyenera kukhala pansi pazigawo 49. Ali ndi mafiyamu ambiri. Ndikofunikira kupatsa mwana zinthu mkaka, chimanga, mtedza.
Simungapereke chakudya chambiri. Adzakweza kwambiri glucose. Kukhala bwino kumakulirakulira. Ndi matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse, chakudya chamafuta chimayenera kuchepa.
Chakudya - chakudya 4 pa tsiku, kudumpha chakudya ndikosatheka. Ndi hypoglycemia, nsomba ndi mazira, masamba, tiyi wazitsamba ndizothandiza. Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana.
Kukhalabe wabwinobwino, ndikofunikira kupatula kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa glucose. Njira zingapo zimathandiza kukwaniritsa izi, monga zakudya, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi wowerengeka azitsamba.
Contraindication
Pali zoletsa zopatsa thanzi. Zakudya zomwe nthawi imodzimodzi zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri ndi chakudya chamafuta siziperekedwa muzakudya.
Kuletsa kwake kumayikidwa yokazinga, kusuta, marinade ndi zipatso, zokometsera zokometsera ndi zokometsera.
Ndiwophatikizidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mavitamini kapena ma protein nokha, kugula mankhwala a odwala matenda ashuga. Kugulidwa kwa mankhwala onse amakambirana ndi adotolo.
Ana ayenera kulembetsa m'makalabu amasewera. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira pazaka zilizonse, makamaka ndi shuga. Simungathe kukhala moyo wongokhala. Chifukwa cha izi, kunenepa kwambiri kumawonekera ndipo vutoli likukulirakulira.
Matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amayambitsa zovuta zakupha. Mwazi wamagazi ochulukirapo ndi woopsa kwambiri.
Aronova S.M. adafotokoza za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Werengani kwathunthu