Mfundo zofunika za matenda a shuga

Zakudya ndizo maziko omwe chithandizo chovuta kwambiri cha odwala chimakhazikika. shuga mellitus (shuga). Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zakuthandizira pakudya ndizoti muchepetse kapena kuwononga chakudya chamafuta pang'ono ndikupatsa wodwalayo kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini, michere, minofu yambiri.

Cholinga cha mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndicho kukwaniritsa zabwino zomwe zimapatsa chakudya ndi mitundu ina ya kagayidwe, kuthetsa zizindikiritso za hyperglycemia, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia, ndikuletsa kukula kwa micro- ndi macroangiopathies.

Tebulo 6. Njira zothandizira kufotokozera za kagayidwe kazakudya za mtundu wa 1 shuga mellitus (DM-1)

* Glycosylated hemoglobin - gawo la hemoglobin, lomwe limatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Zomwe zili mkati mwake zimapereka lingaliro lamlingo wophatikizira wa glucose masabata angapo a 6-8.

Gome 7. Njira zoyenera kuperekera zakudya zamafuta a m'mimba a 2 shuga(SD-2)

Tebulo 8. Kuwongolera magawo a lipid metabolism mu shuga

Tebulo 9. Cholinga cha kuthamanga kwa magazi

Njira zothandizira odwala pakudya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ndi mitundu yachiwiri ya shuga. Ndi DM-2, njira zazikulu zowongolera hyperglycemia ndizodziwika za kuchuluka kwa thupi mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu ndikuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi. Ndi DM-1, zakudya ndizofunikira zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusatha kwanzeru kutengera chinsinsi cha insulini ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi insulin Therapy, ndi njira yodyera komanso njira yamoyo yomwe imathandizira kulipira chindapusa cha matenda ashuga.

Vuto lalikulu pamenepa ndikuphunzitsa wodwalayo kusintha mlingo wa insulin malinga ndi chakudya chomwe amamwa. Mwanjira ina, wodwalayo amadzivulaza yekha ndi insulin, ndikulamulira bwino pakusankha kwake.

Pazakudya za mitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda ashuga, pali zakudya zina zomwe zimakhudzana makamaka ndi kupewa kwakanthawi, monga:

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zakudya zakuthupi zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopatsa wodwala kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini,
kukwaniritsa ndi kusunga thupi labwinobwino,
kuchuluka kwa chakudya moyenera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya m'thupi (mapuloteni - 15-20%, chakudya - 55-60%, mafuta - 20-25%, mwa anthu onenepa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi 15%),
kuchuluka kwa mafuta a ma coarse fiber, fiber (mpaka 40 g patsiku),
chakudya chamagulu
kuletsa mchere,
kuletsa mowa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi thupi labwinobwino ayenera kulandira chakudya chomwe mphamvu yake imakhala yofanana ndi zomwe amafunikira. Zakudya izi zimatchedwa otsika-calorie. Chakudya chochepetsedwa kapena cha hypocaloric ndichofunika kwa odwala onenepa kwambiri, makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Nthawi zina, munthu akatayika thupi kwambiri (makamaka ndi matenda a shuga 1), amayamba kudya zakudya zamagulu ena.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, njira yoyenera yogawa chakudya chama calorie tsiku ndi tsiku m'magawo atatu akuluakulu (kadzutsa, chakudya chamadzulo, chakudya chamadzulo) komanso zakudya zina zitatu. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa mankhwala a insulin (2 jakisoni wa insulin yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali osakanikirana ndi ma jakisoni awiri a insulin yochepa. Izi zimawonetsedwa ndi chikhumbo chokwaniritsa zochita za insulin ndi chakudya pakapita nthawi, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kupewa kusinthika kwakukulu mu glycemia masana.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulini okhazikika, ndiye kuti, kuyambitsa insulin yochepa musanadye chakudya chachikulu, zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin yoonjezera, yomwe imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya (mpaka 4-5 patsiku), ndipo ngati pangafunikire (kuphatikiza kwa wodwala) kudya nthawi ndi jekeseni wa insulin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo amasuke. Mwanjira imeneyi, glycemia itatha yopatsa thanzi imapangidwa bwino ndipo chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia pakati pakudya chimachepa.

Kugawidwa kwakanthawi kwa ma calories kwa odwala omwe ali ndi shuga masana kumaperekedwa motere:

Chakudya cham'mawa - 25% ya zopatsa mphamvu tsiku lililonse.
Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri - 10-15% ya zopatsa mphamvu tsiku lililonse.
Chakudya chamasana - 25-30% ya zopatsa mphamvu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Zokhwasula - 5-10% ya zopatsa mphamvu tsiku lililonse.
Chakudya chamadzulo - 25-15% ya zopatsa mphamvu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Chakudya chachiwiri - 5-10% ya zopatsa mphamvu tsiku lililonse.

Monga taonera kale, lamulo lambiri la mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi kupatula kapena kuletsa kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu (makamaka sucrose ndi glucose). Mwayi uyenera kuperekedwa kwa chakudya chochepa kwambiri cham'mimba, chomwe chimalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa glycemia. Ndi kupatula kwathunthu kwa chakudya cham'mimba chazakudya mosavuta, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito shuga m'malo mwake (kukonza kusinthika kwa chakudya), zomwe zimagawika m'magulu awiri.

Loyamba limaphatikizapo zotsekemera zachilengedwe kapena zopatsa mphamvu: fructose, xylitol, sorbitol. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya aliyense waiwo imakhala pafupifupi 4 kcal pa 1g. Sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwatenge oposa 30-40 g patsiku. Gulu lachiwirili limaphatikizapo zotsekemera zotsekemera, zomwe sizokhala ndi calorie yayikulu komanso sizikhudza kuchuluka kwa glycemia. Izi ndi acelsulfam, cyclamate, 1-aspartate. Cyclamate iyenera kukhala yochepa ngati vuto la impso, ndi atselsulfam - vuto la mtima. Mlingo wabwinobwino, zotsekemera zilibe vuto. Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito saccharin pakali pano ndizochepa.

Kufunika kwakudya kwa odwala fiber osachepera 40 g patsiku. Amapezeka mumasamba, mbewu, zipatso ndi chinangwa (Gawo 9.1). Mphamvu yawo ya hypoglycemic imafotokozedwa ndi kuthamanga kwa chakudya kudzera m'matumbo ndi kuchepa kwa mayamwidwe a shuga m'matumbo am'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, CHIKWANGWANI chamafuta chimachepetsa mayamwidwe amafuta acid ndi cholesterol, ndipo chifukwa cha kuphatikanso kwa bile, zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kwawo.

Popereka mankhwala, munthu amayeneranso kuganizira kufunika kwa mavitamini, omwe amawonjezereka kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Odwala akuwonetsedwa zakumwa, ma decoctions, infusions wa rose m'chiuno, blueberries, currants wakuda ndi phulusa lofiira la mapiri, mabulosi akuda, ndimu, komanso kudya zipatso ndi masamba ena osaphika.

Zakudya zamtundu 1 shuga

Zakudya za CD-1 zimaphatikizapo kuwerengera kwake kuchuluka kwake magawo a mkate (XE), chomwe ndi chofunikira kudziwa mtundu wa insulin yomwe imayikidwa musanadye. 1 XE imafanana ndi 10 g wamafuta ndi 2 g yazinthu zowola. Kuti mukalandire chakudya 1 mkate pamafunika magawo 1-2. insulini (kutengera mphamvu ya munthu payekha), ndi 10 g iliyonse yamankhwala odyedwa akamwedwa pakamwa amawonjezera glycemia ndi pafupifupi 1.7 mmol / L.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi pambuyo podya zakudya zosiyanasiyana kwadzetsa kufunika kosiyanitsa kwawo malinga ndi omwe amatchedwa glycemic index (GI). Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale zili ndi chakudya chofanana, chomaliza chimasungidwa m'matumbo kupita pazinthu zosavuta pa liwiro losiyanasiyana, ndipo mphamvu ya postprandial glycemia imasiyananso. GI imawonetsa kusintha pamlingo wa glycemia pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito chinthu china ndipo imawonetsa zotsatira za hyperglycemic ya chinthu chimodzi kapena china.

Tebulo 9.2. Glycemic Index (GI) (Berger M., Joegens V., 1990)

Kuzindikira kufunika kwa chizindikiro ichi pamagulu osiyanasiyana okhala ndi chakudya ndizofunikira kwenikweni, monga zakudya zomwe zili ndi GI yayikulu ziyenera kupewedwa (Gome 9.2). Chifukwa chake, kufunika kwa insulin mutatha kudya kumadalira index ya glycemic, yomwe, imalumikizidwa osati ndi mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, komanso ndi uphatikizidwe wa zakudya, komanso mawonekedwe ake a fiber. Kuti mulipiritse kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga, ndikokwanira kuwerengera XE kokha malinga ndi gawo la chakudya. Poterepa, zinthu zokhazo zomwe zimawerengedwa zimawerengedwa (tebulo 9.3).

Tebulo 9.3. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi carbohydrate (zaulere) sizimaganiziridwa mukamawerengera XE

Zotsatira zamafuta ena okhala ndi mafuta ku glycemia (kutsitsa shuga m'magazi amatengedwa ngati 100%) zikufotokozedwa pansipa:

90-100% - shuga wa malt, mbatata zosenda, uchi, mapika a chimanga, "mpweya" mpunga, coca - ndi pepsicol,
70-90% - mikate yoyera ndi imvi, krisimasi, ma cookie owuma, mpunga, wowuma, ufa wa tirigu, masikono, mkate wofupika, mowa,
50-70% - oatmeal, nthochi, chimanga, mbatata yophika, shuga, buledi, misuzi yazipatso popanda shuga,
30-50% - mkaka, kefir, yogati, zipatso, pasitala, nyemba, ayisikilimu,
osakwana 30% - fructose, mphodza, soya, nyemba, mtedza.

Njira yabwino kwambiri yokwanira kuchuluka kwa insulin yokhudzana ndi chakudya chomwe chadyedwa ndichabwino glycemia mukatha kudya. Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kungoyerekeza zakudya zomwe zili mu chakudya chokha pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya XE popanda kulemera. Chakudya chosasinthika chotere "komanso" chokhala ndi ufulu wambiri ndizotheka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 omwe aphunzitsidwa kale ndipo amatha kudziletsa. Ngati wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi vuto lalifupi kwambiri, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito sucrose kumatheka, koma osapitirira 50 g patsiku.

Chifukwa chake, mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya zamakono komanso zakudya zaulere mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba ndi awa:

Zakudya zophatikiza za eukaloric, zamafuta ochulukirapo komanso michere yazomera, zimatha kukhalabe ndi thupi pafupi ndi zabwinobwino,
kuyerekezera kwapafupifupi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta omwe amakhudza shuga m'magazi, malinga ndi dongosolo lamagulu a mikate,
kusiyanitsidwa kwa zinthu zokhala ndi ma carbohydrate kutengera GI, komanso momwe amagawidwira pama receptions kutengera mtundu wa mankhwala a insulin,
mafuta oletsedwa kokha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 omwe ali onenepa kwambiri kuti athe kuchepetsa kudya kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa caloric.

Pomaliza, mfundo za zakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 omwe ali ndi kulemera kwabwinobwino zimakhazikika mu kuchuluka ndi nthawi yomwe amamwa mankhwala okhala ndi chakudya, omwe amawonjezera shuga, magazi a insulin.

Zakudya zochizira matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga

SD-2 nthawi zambiri imawonekera motsutsana ndi maziko a kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale insulin kukana ndi hyperinsulinemia. Chifukwa chake, chochitika chofunikira komanso chachikulu pakukonzekera mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2 sichinthu chosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa pofuna kuchepetsa thupi. Mfundo zofunika kulemera kwamthupi(BMI) - osachepera 25 kg / m2, Zizindikiro kuchokera 25 mpaka 27 kg / m2 amawonedwa kuti ndi zovomerezeka. Mwa odwala ambiri, kukwaniritsa BMI yotero sikumakhala kotheka, koma kuchepa kwa thupi ngakhale ndi 4-5 kg nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa zizindikiro za metabolism ndi lipid metabolism. Ngati wodwala ali pagawo loti achepetse thupi, ndiye kuti kuchepa kwa chiwonjezerocho kuyeneranso kuganiziridwa kuti ndi zotsatira zabwino.

Kuphatikiza pa kuchepetsa zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu, njira ziyenera kutengedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti muwonjezere mphamvu zamagetsi, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa ntchito zamagalimoto, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa endo native hyperinsulinemia ndikuwonjezera kupanga kwa chiwindi, komanso kuwonjezera shuga pakugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zotumphukira. Kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 kumatsimikiziridwa ndi msinkhu, zolimbitsa thupi zoyambirira ndi momwe wodwalayo alili.

Odwala oterewa amalimbikitsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, yunifolomu, kuyeserera machitidwe olimbitsa thupi, poganizira momwe mtima ulili, kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP) ndi kulolera kwa iwo. Amadziwika kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa glycemia poyambira ndende yoyamba ya magazi m'magazi osapitilira 14 mmol / l kumayambiriro kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kumafunikira kuwunika mosamala glycemia isanachitike, panthawi komanso pambuyo pa masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi, kukoka, ECG.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zomwe amakonda kwambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndikuyenda, kusambira, kupalasa, kuyenda njinga, kuyenda pansi. Kwa okalamba, mphindi 30-55 zoyenda tsiku ndi tsiku ndizokwanira. Pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane komanso kayendetsedwe ka zamankhwala panthawi yophunzitsira thupi, munthu ayenera kudziletsa yekha kuti azikhala ndi "katundu" wocheperako komanso wolimbitsa thupi, mwachitsanzo, amalimbikitsa kuyenda wodwalayo pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono, kuyambira mphindi 10 mpaka 10. ndi kuchuluka pang'onopang'ono kwa nthawi, kukwera pang'onopang'ono masitepe (kuyambira 1st), kuthekera kotenga nawo mbali tsiku lililonse homuweki.

Chifukwa chake, osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a matenda amtundu wa 2 ali ndi zolinga zotsatirazi:

kubwezera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya,
kutsika kwambiri
kukonza dyslipidemia,
Kuchepetsa mavuto obwera mochedwa,
popereka zakudya zofunika, mavitamini ndi michere.

Malangizo omwe apezeka pakadali pano a SD-2 amatsatira malamulo awa:

kuchepetsa kalori
zakudya zabwino
kupatula mono- ndi zotulutsira zakudya,
kuletsa kudya mafuta okwanira,
kuchepa kudya mafuta m'thupi (zosakwana 300 mg patsiku),
kudya zakudya zopamwamba,
kuchepetsa mowa wambiri (osakwana 30 g patsiku).

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mellitus-2, mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati monotherapy, kuphatikiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo a piritsi komanso kuphatikiza mankhwala a insulin.

Mfundo Zopatsa Thanzi pa Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri yazakudya chamagulu amishuga amtundu 1 ndikupatsa phindu menyu ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chokhala ndi index ya glycemic yotsika. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kuyang'ana patebulo lotsatirali:

Musanayambe kudya, muyenera kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta am'matimu, kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lapadera la magawo a mkate, malinga ndi njira yotsatira yomwe ikusiyanitsidwa:

1 chl. mayunitsi = 12 g shuga kapena 1 chl. mayunitsi = 25 g mkate.

Madokotala amalola odwala kudya zosaposa,5,5 mkate tsiku lililonse.

Mutha kudziwa momwe mungawerengere molondola magawo a mkate poonera kanema wapadera:

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuwerengera magawo a mkate, chifukwa ndi kuchuluka kwake komwe kumakhudza mlingo wotsatira wa insulin kuti "uzimitsa" shuga wamagazi. Kuphatikiza apo, osagwiritsa ntchito insulin yokha tsiku lililonse, komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin "yayifupi" yomwe wodwala amatenga asanadye) zimadalira zomwe zikuwonetsa.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zimaloledwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga

Zakudya zotsatirazi zimaloledwa m'thupi la odwala matenda ashuga:

mkate wa rye
msuzi pa msuzi wamasamba kapena msuzi wopangidwa ndi mitundu yochepa yamafuta ndi nyama,
ng'ombe
ng'ombe
mabere a nkhuku
masamba ochokera mndandanda wololedwa,
mazira (osaposa zidutswa ziwiri patsiku),
nyemba
wholemeal pasitala (munthawi yomweyo ndikofunika kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mkate womwe amadyedwa patsiku),
mkaka ndi kefir,
tchizi tchizi (kuyambira magalamu 50 mpaka 200 patsiku),
khofi wofooka
tiyi
timadziti tothira kumene kuchokera ku maapulo kapena malalanje,
mafuta ndi masamba (makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika).

Kwa odwala omwe ali onenepa kwambiri, akatswiri azakudya zamagetsi amalimbikitsa kuphatikiza kabichi (mwatsopano ndi wokometsedwa), sipinachi, nandolo zobiriwira, ndi nkhaka ndimatomayi muzakudya zawo. Izi zimathandizira kukhutiritsa kumverera kwaanjala kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kusunga ntchito ya chiwindi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatsutsidwa ndi matenda omwe afotokozedwa, ndikofunikira kuti azidalira zinthu monga kanyumba tchizi, soya, oatmeal.

Ndi zakudya ziti zoletsedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe amalemba odwala matenda ashuga amodzi:

chokoleti (nthawi zina, chokoleti chamdima chimaloledwa, ngati chivomerezedwa ndi adokotala),
maswiti ndi maswiti,
maswiti a ufa
ankasuta nyama
zokometsera, zonunkhira komanso zopatsa mphamvu
mizimu
koloko
nthochi, chivwende, vwende,
masiku ndi zoumba,
mbatata yophika, kaloti, beets, zukini,
mpunga ndi semolina
shuga
maapulo
ayisikilimu
kupanikizana
zopangidwa mkaka ndi mafuta ambiri.

Nthawi zina, zinthu zoletsedwa zimaloledwa pamenyu, ngati kuvomerezedwa ndi adokotala.

Lolemba menyu

Chakudya choyamba: 0.1-0.2 makilogalamu a barele ya balere, 50 magalamu a tchizi wolimba, chidutswa cha mkate wa rye ndi tiyi wopanda shuga kapena khofi ofooka (mutha kuwonjezera zonona zamafuta ochepa).
Chakudya chachiwiri: 0,5-0.2 makilogalamu a letesi kuchokera kumasamba aliwonse olola, 0,5 makilogalamu a borsch pa msuzi wamafuta ochepa, zidutswa ziwiri zofunikira, limodzi ndi 0,5 makilogalamu a kabichi wowotchera, kagawo ka mkate wa rye.
Chakudya chamasana pambuyo chakudya chamasana: 100 magalamu a tchizi tchizi kapena 3 tchizi, 100 magalamu a zakudya (popanda shuga).
Chakudya chamadzulo: 130 magalamu a saladi wa masamba ndi 0,5 makilogalamu a nyama yoyera yoyera. Hafu ya ola asanagone, mutha kumwa kapu ya kefir yamafuta ochepa.

Chachiwiri Menyu

Chakudya choyamba: Omelet wa mazira awiri, magalamu 60 a nyama yamchere yophika, kagawo ka mkate wa rye ndi phwetekere imodzi, yopangidwa kuchokera ku zakumwa zopanda shuga kapena khofi yofooka.
Chakudya chamadzulo: 170 magalamu a saladi kuchokera kumasamba aliwonse ololedwa, magalamu 100 a chifuwa cha nkhuku (yophika kapena yophika), magalamu 100 a mapira a dzungu (popanda kuwonjezera mpunga).
Chakudya chamasana pambuyo chakudya chamasana: Chipatso chimodzi cha mphesa ndi kapu ya kefir wopanda mafuta.
Chakudya chamadzulo: 230 magalamu a kabichi wowotchera, magalamu 100 a nsomba yophika.

Lachitatu zinthu

Chakudya cham'mawa: 200 magalamu a nyama yophika kabichi (popanda kuwonjezera mpunga), kagawo ka mkate ndi tiyi wopanda tanthauzo wopanda shuga.
Chakudya chachiwiri: 100 magalamu a saladi kuchokera kumasamba aliwonse ololedwa, magalamu 100 a spaghetti kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal, magalamu 100 a nyama yophika kapena nsomba, theka la kapu yatsopano yophika madzi kuchokera kumaapulo (omwe ali ndi zotsekemera).
Chakudya chamasana pambuyo chakudya chamasana: tiyi wopanda zipatso wopanda shuga ndi lalanje limodzi.
Chakudya chamadzulo: 270 magalamu a kanyumba tchizi casserole.

Lachinayi chakudya

Chakudya choyamba: 200 magalamu a oatmeal ndi magawo a zipatso zatsopano kuchokera pamndandanda wololedwa, 70 magalamu a tchizi wolimba ndi tiyi wopanda shuga.
Chakudya chamadzulo: 170 magalamu a zovuni, 100 magalamu a broccoli, buledi wa rye, 100 magalamu a nyama yoonda.
Chakudya chamasana pambuyo chakudya chamasana: tiyi wopanda shuga ndi magalamu 15 a makeke osapsa (biscuit).
Chakudya chamadzulo: 170 magalamu a nkhuku kapena nsomba, magalamu 200 a nyemba zobiriwira, tiyi wopanda shuga.

Lachisanu gawo

Chakudya choyamba: 100 magalamu a maulesi aulesi, 0,5 makilogalamu a kefir ndi apulo imodzi kapena ma apricots / prunes zouma.
Chakudya chachiwiri: 200 magalamu a saladi kuchokera kumasamba aliwonse ololedwa, 0,5 makilogalamu a mbatata zophika, 0,5 kg ya compote wopanda shuga.
Zakudya musanadye: 100 magalamu a dzungu lopaka, 200 magalamu a zakumwa zosapsa.
Chakudya chamadzulo: Magalamu 100 a cutlets opopera, 0,5 makilogalamu a saladi kuchokera kumasamba aliwonse ololedwa.

Chakudya cha Loweruka

Chakudya choyamba: 30 magalamu a mchere wowuma pang'ono, dzira limodzi ndi tiyi wopanda shuga.
Chakudya chamadzulo: 0.1-0.2 makilogalamu kabichi wozaza (popanda kuwonjezera mpunga), 0,5 makilogalamu a borscht pa msuzi wamafuta ochepa, kagawo ka mkate wa rye.
Chakudya chamasana pambuyo chakudya chamasana: Mikate iwiri ndi magalamu 150 a kefir otsika mafuta.
Chakudya chamadzulo: 0,5 makilogalamu a nkhuku yophika kapena yophika, magalamu 100 a nandolo zatsopano, magalamu 170 a ma biringanya ophikira.

Chakudya cha Lamlungu

Chakudya choyamba: 200 magalamu a phala la buckwheat ophika m'madzi, nkhuku yowotchera, tiyi wopanda shuga kapena khofi wopanda mphamvu.
Chakudya chamadzulo: 200 magalamu a msuzi wa kabichi kapena msuzi wamasamba, zidutswa ziwiri za nkhuku, 0,5 makilogalamu a nyemba zosawoneka bwino msuzi wa phwetekere ndi kagawo ka mkate wa rye.
Chakudya chamasana pambuyo chakudya chamasana: 100 magalamu a plums mwatsopano komanso kuchuluka kofanana ndi mafuta otsika kanyumba tchizi.
Chakudya chamadzulo: 170 magalamu a kefir otsika mafuta ndi magalamu 20 a ma cookie osapsa (biscuit), apulo imodzi.

Njira yodyetsedwerayi masiku 7 imalola kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana azitsamba, msuzi wa rosehip ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Zitsamba zophatikizira ndi infusions zimatha kuledzera nthawi iliyonse, chinthu chachikulu sikuti kuphatikiza zowonjezera zilizonse mu mawonekedwe a shuga kapena uchi.

Popeza mndandanda wam'mawa uno wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga umaphatikizapo zakudya zopumula komanso zodyera, palibe chifukwa chodyera chachiwiri. Koma, ngati pakati pa chakudya cham'mawa ndi chamasana kumakhala kusamva bwino kwa njala, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kuvutika - mutha kuluma ndi saladi yemweyo kapena kudya yogati yachilengedwe ndi chipatso chimodzi.

Ngati mukufuna njira zina zochizira matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 (kupatula zakudya), tikukulimbikitsani kuti muzidziwitsa njira zina.

Zakudya nambala 9 kwa odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin

Zakudya nambala 9 - njira yodziwika kwambiri yopezera shuga. Lamulo lofunikira ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere pang'ono, komanso kuphika mbale zophika, kuphika kapena kuphika. Muyenera kukana kutumiza komanso kusoka, koma popeza zakudya zamtunduwu sizokhwimitsa zinthu, nthawi zina mumatha kudzipatula.

Makina azakudya za tsiku limodzi amawoneka motere:

Chakudya cham'mawa. Tiyi wopanda shuga granured, tchizi tchizi chokhala ndi mafuta ochepa ndi mkaka womwewo.
Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri. Barele phala ndi nyama.
Chakudya chamadzulo Borsch, yomwe ikuphatikiza kabichi watsopano (yophika mu msuzi wa masamba), zakudya odzola, gawo la nyama yophika kapena soya.
Chakudya chamadzulo. Apulo imodzi kapena lalanje limodzi.
Chakudya chamadzulo Nsomba yophika kapena yophika (yophika wopanda batter) mu msuzi wa mkaka, saladi watsopano wa kabichi watsopano yemwe amakonda mafuta.

M'malo mwa shuga ndi chakudya No. 9, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito fructose, sucrose ndi zotsekemera zina.

Mutha kusintha zakudya zanu pogwiritsa ntchito mindandanda yazakudya zomwe zimaloledwa kukhala ndi shuga.

Zolemba za chakudya cha ana

Ngati matenda ashuga apezeka mwa mwana, akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa kuti asinthe zakudya zina zopatsa thanzi, pomwe zimapatsa zakudya zomwe zimapanga 60% yazakudya zonse. Koma, zotsatira za chakudya choterocho ndikumalumpha m'magazi amwazi kuchokera pamwamba kwambiri mpaka kutsika kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la ana. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti ana azitsatira zakudya zomwezo No. 9, pomwe kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta kumachepetsedwa.

Kupanga mndandanda wa mwana, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsatirazi:

Masamba opangira masamba - nkhaka, phwetekere, kabichi, kaloti watsopano.
Dengu la zipatso ndi zipatso - pichesi, rasipiberi, chitumbuwa, sitiroberi, apulo.
Dengu la nyama - nyama yamchere yotsika, nkhuku.
Maswiti a Fructose ndi sorbitol.

Ndi zoletsedwa kuti mwana azipereka chokoleti, kupanikizana, zinthu zophika buledi zopangidwa ndi ufa woyera.

Mwana asanayambe kudya zakudya zamagulu ochepa, ndikofunikira kusamalira ma nuances awa:

Kuti muthane ndi kupewa hypoglycemia, pazofunikira nthawi zonse maswiti kapena makeke.
Pakusintha kwa zakudya zokhala ndi matenda ashuga, mwana amafunika kuyeza shuga wamagazi pafupipafupi - asanadye, mphindi 60 atatha kudya, asanagone. Pafupifupi, zimapezeka kuti mwana amafunika kuyeza shuga osachepera 7 patsiku, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha mlingo woyenera kwambiri wa insulini ndikuchepetsa malinga ndi zomwe akuwonetsa.
Mwanayo atayamba kudya malinga ndi kadyedwe kakudya No. 9, ndikofunikira kuti mumuteteze kupsinjika, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu, chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa mphamvu zambiri mwa iye, zomwe amaletsa ndi mafuta. Chakudya chikakhala chizolowezi, mutha kuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Werengani zambiri za mawonekedwe a shuga 1 a ana - werengani apa.

Kodi kudyetsa mwana ndi matenda ashuga?

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ana, omwe zakudya zawo zimadalira amayi awo, azisungidwa kuyambira nthawi yayitali. Mabere omwe ali ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba wa 1 amatha kupezanso zakudya zoyenera komanso zopatsa thanzi nthawi yayitali.

Ngati pazifukwa zina kuyamwa kumakhala kosatheka, ndiye kuti kwa ana anu muyenera kugula zosakaniza zapadera zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyang'anira nthawi yomweyo pakudya.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa odwala achichepere zimatha kuyambitsidwa mpaka chaka chimodzi molingana ndi njira iyi: choyambirira, mwana amadyetsedwa ndi zakumwa zamasamba ndi timadziti, koma chimanga, momwe mumakhala mafuta ochulukirapo, amabwera mu chakudya chamwana chakumapeto.

Kanema: Momwe mungadye ndi shuga 1 mtundu?

Matenda a shuga si sentensi, koma njira ya moyo, madokotala akutero. "Nenani" matenda anu a shuga - zotheka! Ndikofunika kuti muzitha kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kubayitsa jakisoni wa insulin ndikusankha zakudya zoyenera malinga ndi glycemic index yawo:

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda amtundu 1, nkhani ino ikuthandizani.

Tsoka ilo, matenda ashuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, koma kuti asavutike, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo a chithandizo, komanso kudya moyenera. Izi zimathandiza wodwalayo kuti azikhala wokhazikika komanso wamphamvu, komanso kupewa zovuta.

Zakudya za odwala matenda a shuga a 2 omwe salandila insulin

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kukonza zakudya m'thupi mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 onenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri - kuchepetsa zopatsa mphamvu mu zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku kuti apange mphamvu zoyipa, pafupifupi, mwa 500-1000 kcal patsiku. Nthawi yomweyo, mwa akazi, kuchuluka kwa caloric tsiku lililonse sikuyenera kukhala kochepera 1200 kcal, komanso mwa amuna - ochepera 1500 kcal. Ndikofunika kuchita pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mu zakudya zopatsa mphamvu za calorie, zomwe zimapewa kuwonongeka kwa thanzi komanso kuchepera kwa ntchito. Dziwani kuti kufa ndi njala kumachitika chifukwa cha odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Kuwerengera pawokha kwa calorie kudya kumachitika m'njira ziwiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito choyambirira, zopatsa mphamvu za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimawerengedwa zimawerengedwa, pomwe 500 kcal patsiku amazichotsa. Mtengo womwe umayambitsidwa umalimbikitsidwa gawo loyamba la kuwonda. Pambuyo pa mwezi 1, ngati mphamvu zake sizili zokwanira, zopatsa mphamvu zimatha kuchepetsedwa ngakhale isanakwane zomwe mukufuna. Kusintha pang'onopang'ono m'dongosolo la wodwala kumawonjezera kutsatira malangizo azakudya.

Njira yachiwiri yowerengera chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku yopanga caloric imakhazikitsidwa ndi malingaliro a WHO ndipo imasinthidwa. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa zamaganizidwe oyambira a metabolism amawerengedwa potengera jenda, zaka komanso kulemera kwenikweni kwa thupi la wodwalayo.

Akazi:
Zaka 18-30 = 0,0621 x r.m.t./in kg + 2.0357,
Zaka 31-60 = 0.0342 x r.m.t2. / Kg + 3.5377,
zopitilira zaka 60 = 0,0377 x r.m.t. + 2.7545.

Amuna:
Zaka 18-30 = 0,0630 x r.m.t. + 2,8957,
Zaka 31-60 = 0.04884 x r.m.t. + 3.66534,
wamkulu kuposa zaka 60 = 0.0491 x r.m.t. + 2.4587.

Zotsatira zake zimachulukitsidwa ndi 240 kuti asinthe kuchokera ku megajoules kupita ku kilocalories. Kenako werengani ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse. Pazomwezi, kuchuluka kwa metabolism ya basal kumachulukitsidwa ndi 1.1 (kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zochitika zochepa zolimbitsa thupi), ndi 1.3 - kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi kapena ndi 1.5 - kwa anthu omwe ali ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 komanso kunenepa kwambiri, zokwanira 1.1 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Chotsatira, kuti mupange mphamvu zoyipa kuchokera ku mtengo womwe mwapeza kale, chotsani 500-600 kcal.

Zakudya zoterezi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kuwonongeka kwa thanzi komanso thanzi labwino. Pambuyo pakufika pa chandamale cholemetsa thupi, zopatsa mphamvu za calorie zimachulukanso pang'ono, poganizira kukhalapo kwa kulemera kwatsopano kwa thupi. Kuwongolera kudya kwa caloric kumafuna kuyesetsa kwa dokotala ndi wodwala, kuphunzitsa wodwalayo kuti azikhala ndi diary ya zakudya, kugwira ntchito ndi tebulo la zopatsa mphamvu zingapo.

Ngati wodwala sangathe kapena safuna kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa caloric ya tsiku ndi tsiku, ndiye kuti kukonza mankhwalawa kumachitika moyenera, ndikugawa zinthu zonse m'magulu atatu: zabwino, zosaloledwa komanso zosavomerezeka.

Zakudya zama calorie ochepera okhala ndi chakudya chamafuta (zotupa zam'mera) zimawonedwa ngati zabwino. Izi zimaphatikizapo masamba, zitsamba, bowa, madzi amchere, khofi, tiyi, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi ndi zotsekemera.

Zogulitsa zokhala ndi mafuta apamwamba okhutira (ghee ndi batala, margarine, mafuta anyama, msuzi ndi tirigu, nsomba zonona, nyama, nkhuku, nyama zosuta, nyama yophika, kirimu, kirimu wowawasa, tchizi wamafuta komanso tchizi, makeke, ophika, amawerengedwa kuti ndi osayenera) masoseji ndi masoseji, mtanda, ayisikilimu, chokoleti, mtedza, mbewu, mowa). Makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa mafuta osakwaniritsidwa (chifukwa cha anti-atherogenic yawo) yomwe ili mumafuta a masamba.

Zakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ayenera kukhala ndi tanthauzo la metabolidi ya lipid. Mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya zopatsa lipid, malinga ndi malingaliro a European Society for Atherosulinosis, zimafotokozedwa pa tebulo 9.4. Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi ma carbohydrate oyera mwa mawonekedwe awo oyera (shuga, zopangidwa ndi zakumwa, zakumwa za shuga, zipatso zouma, mowa, uchi) zimawerengedwa kuti sizikugwirizana ndi shuga yachiwiri. M'malo mwake, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera zopanda ma calorie.

Tebulo 9.4. Mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa lipid (malingaliro a European Society for Atherosulinosis)

Zosafunikira ndizinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta osokoneza bongo (wowuma). Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kuchepetsedwa ndi theka kuchokera pachizolowezi. Zinthu zonse zokhala ndi wowuma zimaphatikizapo mbatata ndi phala. Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa ku zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber yayikulu kwambiri (zopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal, phala). Gulu losalowererapo limaphatikizanso zipatso, zipatso, zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni okhala ndi mafuta ochepa kapena chakudya (nyama yochepa mafuta, nsomba, nkhuku, tchizi yochepera 30% mafuta, nyemba, chimanga, soya).

Chifukwa chake, gawo lalikulu la malingaliro amakono pa chithandizo chamankhwala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri ndi malire a zopatsa mphamvu za tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kudya kwamafuta (osapitirira 20-25% ya kuchuluka kwa mphamvu).

Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, okhala ndi kulemera kwakuthupi komanso osalandira insulin, safuna zakudya za hypocaloric, koma mawonekedwe ake azakudya ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi pamwambapa.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimaloledwa?

Pazithandizo zamankhwala azakudya, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe malamulo.

Muyenera kupanga mndandanda, ndipo chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'ana pa mndandanda wazomwe zaloledwa komanso zoletsedwa za mtundu woyamba wa zinthu.

Mwa zina zovomerezeka ndizomwe zimapindulitsa thanzi la wodwala ndikuthandizira pazinthu zabwino.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

buledi wakuda (rye),
supu zamasamba
msuzi pa msuzi wopangidwa ndi nyama kapena nsomba,
okroshka
Borsch msuzi wokonda,
msuzi wa beetroot
khutu
ng'ombe
nkhuku (bere),
ng'ombe
kefir
mkaka
pasitala wopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal (mukamagwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mkate),
msuzi wa apulosi
tchizi wopanda mafuta (osapitirira 200 g),
makeke a kanyumba tchizi (mwachitsanzo cheesecake),
mazira (ma PC apamwamba 2),
madzi a lalanje
tiyi
kabichi (yatsopano komanso yosavuta),
broccoli
tomato
sipinachi
nkhaka
khofi wofooka
mafuta ndi masamba (muzigwiritsa ntchito pakuphika),
masamba saladi
chimanga (oat, buckwheat, barele la ngale),
mpunga (yaiwisi)
mbale zamafuta ochepa (nyama yophika, yophika, yofinya),
tchizi chamafuta ochepa (kupatula mitundu yamchere),
nsomba zam'nyanja (yophika kapena yophika),
nsomba zamzitini (nsombayo imayenera kukhala mu madzi ake),
ma protein
dzungu
biringanya
zukini
squash,
odzola
mousses
ma compotes (aulere a shuga),
zipatso zokoma ndi zipatso,
maswiti ndi ma cookie a odwala matenda ashuga,
zokometsera zazing'ono.

Mwa zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa, zimayenera kupanga zakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku kuti chakudya chisinthidwe ndikugawira thupi zinthu zofunika.

Kutengera ndi momwe wodwalayo alili ndi zomwe amachita, mndandandawu umatha kuthandizidwa kapena kufupikitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa zonse kuchokera kwa dokotala yemwe amathandizira.

Werengani zambiri za zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga mu kanema:

Ndi zinthu ziti zoletsedwa?

Zakudya zoletsedwa ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga menyu. Kuchokera pamenepo, muyenera kupatula chakudya chomwe chitha kuvulaza wodwala.

Mulinso:

chokoleti
maswiti
shuga
ayisikilimu
kupanikizana
zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi,
wokondedwa
makeke
kuphika,
ufa wowotchera
mbatata
kaloti
nandolo zobiriwira
nyemba
masamba ophika
zipatso zamasamba,
zipatso zouma (zoumba, zipatso),
mphesa
mango
nthochi.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zoletsa pazogulitsa izi:

mchere
nsomba zamzitini
chimanga
mpunga woyera
mtedza (makamaka mtedza),
ankasuta nyama
muesli
misuzi yokonzedwa mwaluso.

Nthawi zina dokotala amatha kusintha zina mwa zinthu ngati wodwala ali bwino. Koma nthawi zambiri amaloledwa pang'ono. Ngati kuwonongeka kumaonedwa pambuyo poti agwiritsa ntchito, malonda ake ndi oletsedwa.

Menyu ya Ashuga Sabata

Ngakhale pali malangizo omveka bwino, odwala ena sangathe kupanga mndandanda molondola. Izi zitha kuthandiza katswiri, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti. Ndikofunikira kuyerekezera mbale ndi zinthu kuchokera pazosankha zomwe zili ndi mindandanda yomwe yapangidwa ndi dokotala.

Chitsanzo chimodzi cha zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga 1 chikuwonetsedwa patebulo:

Mon	Cha	Wed	Th	Fri	Sat	Dzuwa
Chakudya cham'mawa choyamba	Mkate wakuda, kabichi watsopano ndi mandimu, phala la buckwheat, tiyi	Barele phala mkaka, kaloti grated, rye mkate, tiyi	Nsomba yophika, buledi wa chinangwa, tchizi chamafuta ochepa, tiyi	Oatmeal mkaka, mkate, karoti ndi saladi wa apulo, tchizi wopanda mafuta, chakumwa cha khofi	Saladi wa Beetroot, phala la tirigu, tiyi, mkate	Omelet (mazira awiri), buledi, nyama yamchere yophika, phwetekere, tiyi	Oatmeal, tchizi wopanda mafuta, mkate, khofi kumwa
Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri	Apple, madzi amchere	Apple sorbet (1 pc.), Tiyi	Mphesa	Berry compote	Apple sorbet	Apple, madzi amchere	Berry compote
Chakudya chamadzulo	Tonda borsch, yophika nkhuku, mabulosi odzola, mkate (chinangwa), compote	Msuzi wamasamba, saladi, wokazinga masamba (wokonzeka ndi mafuta ochepa a mpendadzuwa), buledi wamchere,	Msuzi wa msuzi wamasamba msuzi, nkhuku yophika, kabichi ndi saladi wa apulo, mkate, ndimu yodzimanga	Bonda woonda, kabichi wowonda, nyama yophika, buledi wa bulauni, madzi amchere	Msuzi wa nyemba, mpunga wowira osasinthika, chiwindi chamwana wamphongo (wokometsedwa), mkate wa chinangwa, msuzi wa rosehip	Nkhuku yophika, saladi wamasamba, phala lamungu (wopanda mpunga)	Pickle, broccoli, mafuta ochepa, tiyi
Tiyi yapamwamba	Tchizi tchizi, apulo kapena peyala, peyala	Orange, rosehip msuzi	Apple	Orange, rosehip msuzi	Saladi yazipatso, Madzi amchere	Mphesa	Ma cookie osawerengeka, tiyi
Chakudya chamadzulo	Zukini caviar, mkate (rye), cutlets nyama ndi kabichi, tiyi	Cottage tchizi kapena mpunga casserole, mkate, dzira lowiritsa, tiyi	Kabichi schnitzel, ndiwo zamasamba zotumizidwa, zotchingira nyama (zoponda nyama), tiyi	Schnitzel kuchokera ku nsomba, mkate wa chinangwa, masamba (stewed), mandimu opanga tokha	Casserole ndi dzungu, saladi wamasamba (nkhaka, tomato), cutlet (yofinya)	Nsomba yophika, kabichi wopatsa, mkate	Nyemba Zingwe, Nsomba Yophika, Madzi
Chakudya chachiwiri	Kefir	Ryazhenka	Kumwa yogati	Mkaka	Kefir	Kumwa yogati	Mkaka

Menyuyi imatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe wokonda amakonda komanso momwe chithandizo chake chikuyendera.

Udindo wazakudya

Zakudya zabwino ndizomwe zimakhazikitsa thanzi labwino. Izi ndi zowona kwa anthu onse, kupatula. Komabe, pankhani ya matenda ashuga, mavuto azakudya sangangowononga thanzi, komanso angawononge moyo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi matenda a kapamba, wodwala matenda ashuga sangathe kutulutsa insulin. Ndipo popanda iyo, chidwi chokwanira cha chakudya sichingatheke.

Mpaka pano, njira yokhayo yomwe ingagwire ntchito zofunikira za thupi la wodwalayo ndi jakisoni wa insulin wokhazikika. Komabe, ntchito zomwe munthu wathanzi amangochita mu kapamba, wodwalayo amakakamizidwa kuti atenge.

Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa omwe amaperekedwa kuyenera kuwerengedwa mosamalitsa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwambiri kapena kusowa kwa insulini kungayambitse zovuta. Pofuna kuti musalakwitsa ndi mlingo, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungawerengere moyenera kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Chifukwa chake, kukonza zakudya ndi magawo owerengedwa ndi chinthu choyamba m'ndandanda wazithandizo.

Glycemic ndi ma insulin index

Kuti mupeze mulingo woyenera wa insulin, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pofuna kutsogolera kuwerengera, lingaliro monga glycemic index lidayambitsidwa. Iyenera kukumbukira:

kuchuluka kwa fiber
Zakudya zamagulu osiyanasiyana,
mafuta ndi mapuloteni
njira yokonzera.

Munthu amalandira mphamvu zochuluka kuchokera kwa chakudya chambiri. Komabe, ndi osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu supuni imodzi yotsekemera ya uchi ndi 100 g ya nyemba zosafunikira, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumakhala chimodzimodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, michere yochokera ku uchi imatsala pang'ono kulowa m'magazi, ndipo zimatenga nthawi yambiri kutiimbidwe nyemba. Kutengera kuyesa kwa kuchuluka kwa malonda, amapatsidwa index.

Ndikofunikira kudya chakudya chokhala ndi index yotsika (kwambiri - glycemic index), mwanjira iyi kuchuluka kwa glucose kumasintha bwino komanso pang'onopang'ono.

Kafukufuku wopangidwa nthawi zonse akuwonetsa chowonadi chosangalatsa - zinthu zopanda mafuta zimapanganso kuti thupi lipange insulin. Katswiri wasayansi waku Australia a J. Brand-Miller adaganiza za nthawi yatsopano - index ya insulin. Mtengo umapangidwa kuti uwonetsetse momwe insulin imayankhira pogwiritsira ntchito chinthu, chomwe chimathandiza odwala matenda ashuga kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.

Kupeza kosayembekezeka kwa Profesa Brand-Miller ndi vuto lalikulu pakati pa glycemic ndi insulin zopangidwa muzinthu zambiri zamkaka. Yogurt adadabwa kwambiri - kupezeka kwake malinga ndi magawo 80 (glycemic index 35, pomwe insulin index 115).

Chakudya chamkate

Ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiritso monga mkate (kapena chakudya) polemba mndandanda. Mtengo wake unapangidwa ndi asayansi aku Germany kuti athe kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta.

Chipinda chimodzi chimakhala ndi magalamu 10 a chakudya, omwe ndi ofanana ndi kudya mkate (20-25 g). Chifukwa chake dzina la chizindikiro.

Mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mkate zomwe zili mumtundu winawake kuchokera pamataulo apadera. Ngakhale kuwerengera pawokha sikumapereka vuto lililonse. Kuphatikizikako kumawonetsedwa nthawi zonse pa phukusi. Muyenera kupeza zomwe zili ndi zomerazo. Mwachitsanzo, mu ma 100 g a ma cookie, 76.0 g yamafuta. Chifukwa chake, kuwerengera kuli motere:

(100 × 10) ÷ 76.0 = 13.2 g

Mwanjira ina, 13.2 g = 1 mkate mkate kapena 10 g yamafuta. Ndiye kuti, kuti muwerenge, muyenera kugawika 1000 pochulukitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha mafuta chomwe chawonetsedwa pa phukusi. Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mkate umodzi.

Mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya

Maziko othandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi mndandanda wopangidwa mwachangu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zakudya za mtundu woyamba wa shuga ziyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo:

Werengani ma calorie athunthu potengera mphamvu yanu.
Idyani nthawi zonse, ndikugawana chakudya m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Pewani kudya zakudya zama protein ndi mapuloteni nthawi imodzi.
Zinthu zamkaka zimaloledwa m'mawa zokha, chifukwa zokhwasula-khwasula sizoyenera.
Osaphatikiza mafuta osaphatikizika ndi zakudya zamafulumira pachakudya chimodzi.
Nthawi zonse muziyang'anira kuchuluka kwa glycemic tsiku lililonse. Mwa izi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito malonda omwe ali ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.
Ndikofunika kuti chakudya cham'mawa chizikhala mapuloteni.
Pakudya kwamadzulo, kudya kwambiri zakudya zamafuta, mafuta ndi mapuloteni tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse momwe mungathere.
Musachotse mafuta ochepa komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

Vuto lalikulu la odwala matenda ashuga ndi shuga ambiri. Kuti muchepetse, muyenera kutsatira malangizo ena:

Muchepetse kapena kutaya timadziti, mandimu, ndi zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi. Tiyi ndi khofi ziyenera kumamwa ndi osachepera okoma, ndipo makamaka popanda iwo.
Pogula zinthu, sankhani m'malo mwa mitundu yopanda zotsatsa. Ndikometsa chakudya chanu, ndizosavuta kuwongolera shuga.
Phunzirani kupeza malo abwino azakumwa zomwe amakonda. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo mwa chokoleti cha mkaka, sankhani zakuda.

Zololedwa ndi Zoletsedwa

Matendawa amafunika kuletsa kwambiri odwala matenda ashuga. Komabe, ndi njira yoyenera, menyu wosiyanasiyana ndi wosangalatsa ukhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zovomerezeka. Chachikulu ndikukumbukira mbale zomwe mumakonda, ndi ziti zomwe muyenera kusamala nazo.

Malonda omwe analimbikitsidwa ndi awa:

Nthambi ya mkate.
Nyama yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa: nyama ya kalulu, nkhuku yopanda khungu, nkhukundembo, zinziri, nyama yamchere, ndi zina zambiri.
Azungu azira, abwino kwambiri ngati amamu.
Zopangira mkaka, kuphatikiza mafuta otsika kanyumba tchizi ndi yogati yachilengedwe.
Msuzi pa msuzi wa masamba, nthawi zina mutha kuwonjezera bowa.
Porridge wopangidwa kuchokera ku buckwheat, chimanga, oats, mapira, barele, ndi nyemba.
Nsomba - mitundu ya m'madzi yokha, yamafuta ochepa, ndikofunikira kuphika kapena kuwira.
Kuchokera masamba: saladi, kabichi, dzungu, biringanya, nkhaka, tsabola wokoma, zukini.
Zipatso: pafupifupi mitundu yonse, kupatula zabwino.

Zinthu zambiri zitha kudyedwa, koma pali zina:

Zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku rye kapena ufa wa imvi zomwe zimagulidwa m'madipatimenti ena a shuga.
Kirimu wowawasa, tchizi, makeke opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zamkaka (mwachitsanzo, tchizi, kanyumba tchizi casserole).
Msuzi wopepuka kapena msuzi wa nyama - mpaka 2 pa sabata.
Zakudyazi, semolina, barele ndizochepa chifukwa cha zomwe amakhala nazo kwambiri.
Nsomba zokazinga.
Dzira yolira, mazira owiritsa - osaposa 1-2, osatinso 1-2 pa sabata.
Marinade, maapulo, zonunkhira - ngati nkotheka, muchepetsani.
Wotseka kapena wokoma ndi wowawasa zipatso - pang'ono, mpaka 300 g patsiku.

Popeza mawonekedwe a momwe thupi la munthu wodwala matenda ashuga limakhalira, ndizachidziwikire kuti zinthu zina, zikalengedwa, zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakuthwa mu chikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake iwo zoletsedwa m'magulu:

Maswiti, uchi, ayisikilimu ndi maswiti ena.
Mwanawankhosa ndi mafuta a nkhumba.
Msuzi wamafuta onenepa, komanso mphodza, soseji, nyama yosuta.
Kuphika mkate ndi chilichonse chophika mkate.
Zipatso zokoma ndi zipatso: ma supimmons, mphesa, nthochi, etc.
Mowa uliwonse.

Zomakoma

M'malo mwa shuga, anthu odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zina kuti apange mkate wopatsa, sasselles ndi mchere. Amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndikotetezeka kwathunthu. Komabe, izi sizowona konse. Choyamba, mphamvu za zotsekemera zimadalira mitundu yake. Zikomo ndi:

Zachilengedwe - zimakhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.
Zopanga - adapangidwa mwaluso kuchokera ku mankhwala opangira mankhwala.

Zachilengedwe

Zoyimilira mwachilengedwe zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zofanana ndi shuga. Nthawi yomweyo amakhala wotsika kwa iye m'maswiti. Chifukwa chake, zimayenera kuwonjezeredwa mochulukirapo, kuwonjeza kwambiri zonenepetsa za mbale.

Kupatula kwake ndi stevia. Wokoma uyu ndi chipulumutso chenicheni kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Ndizachilengedwe kwathunthu, koma osakhala ndi ma calorie ambiri komanso athanzi. Amapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wosankha njira yabwino kwambiri.

Pazinthuzi, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa pambuyo pake ndi kuwawa pang'ono. Ngakhale kukoma kosazolowereka koteroko kumazolowereka ndipo kumaperekanso maphikidwe omwe amapezeka pang'ono.

Zopanga

Zokometsera zopanga, poyeserera masamba, zimathandizira thupi kudya zakudya zam'tsogolo. Komabe, zilibe zopatsa mphamvu, ndiye kuti, chakudya sichiperekedwa. Chinyengo chotere chimawululidwa mwachangu. Chamoyo chonyengidwacho chimakumana ndi kusapezeka kwa gawo lazophatikizidwa zamagetsi ndimphamvu yamphamvu yanjala.

M'malo ambiri opangidwa ali ndi zotsutsana zambiri komanso zotsatira zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kuzisiyira zokonda zachilengedwe.

Maphikidwe othandiza

Zakudya zomwe zimaganiziridwa bwino za matenda amtundu woyamba 1 zimatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa boma lathanzi. Komabe, kuletsa kosalekeza kumatha kulepheretsa wodwalayo chisangalalo ndi chiyembekezo, kusokoneza malingaliro a malingaliro. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kudzipangira nokha. Mutha kusankha njira yoyenera yankhani yanu.

Zakudya zabwino za buckwheat. Phala lothandiza kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi buckwheat. Kuchokera pamenepo simungangophika phala wamba, komanso zakudya zosavuta komanso zosangalatsa. Mwachangu 300 g nyama yankhuku yophika mu sosefini yokhala ndi nkhungu pansi pamoto wochepa. Onjezani mchere pang'ono ndi zonunkhira, chivundikiro. Padera, mwachangu anyezi, onjezerani nyama. Mphindi 10-15 kuthira kapu ya buckwheat mu batala. Thirani phala mumphika wamba. Thirani makapu awiri amadzi. Mukatha kuwira, sinthani kutentha. Simmer kwa mphindi 20-25.
Capelin caviar appetizer. Mbaleyi imaphikidwa mumphindi zochepa. Nthawi yomweyo, imawoneka bwino komanso siyikuphwanya mfundo za zakudya. Zosaphika kapena ma tartlets osasankhidwa okonzeka kudzaza ndi caviar. Kukongoletsa ma tartlet, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma azitona, shrimp, aliwonse amadyera.
Marmalade. Pophika, muyenera tiyi wa hibiscus, gelatin ndi wokoma. Thirani gelatin ndi madzi. Pomwe imatupa, panga tiyi. Onjezani mokoma. Onjezani hibiscus wokoma mu chidebe ndi gelatin. Tenthetsani madziwo mpaka mbewu ya gelatinous isungunuke. Kupanikizana kudzera mu sume, chokani kuti kuzizira. Maola ochepa, mbaleyo yakonzeka. Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie zotengera mchere zimatengera lokoma lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mpaka pano, mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga kulibe. Mankhwala samayimirira. Kafukufuku wopitilira akupitilira m'derali. Pali zotsatira zina. Komabe, chithandizo cha matenda a insulini komanso zakudya zoyenera za matenda amishuga 1 akadali njira yokhayo yothandizira matendawa.

Zomwe muyenera kuganizira muzakudya zamtundu wa shuga

Ngati wodwala satsatira menyu wazakudya, ndiye kuti maselo sangathenso kumva insulini, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangatenge shuga bwino, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Popewa mitengo yambiri, muyenera kutsatira malamulowa:

Zakudya zambiri zamagulu ochulukitsa zimayenera kuchitika m'mawa.
Chakudya chilichonse chimayenera kukhala chofanana mu KBLU.
Pewani zakudya zokhala ndi shuga, muzikonda yoghurts ndi mtedza.
Kuchuluka kwa zotsekemera kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.
Imwani lita imodzi ndi theka lamadzi tsiku lililonse.
Osamadya kwambiri.
Iwalani zakusokonekera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa ndi shuga pamlingo uliwonse m'malo osowa ndi koopsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Malonda omwe ali ololedwa:

Mitundu yonse ya kabichi (kolifulawa, broccoli, Brussels, etc.), katsitsumzukwa, zukini, biringanya, sipinachi, bowa, nkhaka, saladi, avocado, anyezi, tsabola, tomato, ndi zina zambiri.
Ndimu, mapeyala, mabulosi.
Batani la Peanut, Maolivi.
Mafuta a chiwindi cha Cod (nsomba).
Nsomba zokulira pakati, nsomba zam'nyanja.
Mazira (osaposa zidutswa zitatu patsiku).
Nyama yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa, yoyipa.

Mndandanda wazinthu zololedwa zochuluka mtundu 2:

40 magalamu a buckwheat owuma mpaka kawiri pa sabata (kutsanulira madzi otentha usiku),
udzu winawake, kaloti, ma turnips, radishi, mbatata wokoma, mphodza, nyemba (zosaposa 30 magalamu pa sabata),
mafuta opindika.

Mndandanda wazinthu zoletsedwa zamtundu 2:

Shuga mu mawonekedwe ake aliwonse.
Kuphika kwamtundu uliwonse.
Zakudya zamafuta (nyama yamafuta, msuzi, mafuta anyama).
Malonda omalizidwa.
Mafuta a trans.
Pewani zipatso zonse zouma (maapulo owuma, nkhuyu, ndi zina) ndi zipatso (ma supimmon, nthochi, ndi zina)

Mfundo Zopatsa Thanzi pa Type 1 Diabetesics

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umaperekedwa pamene zikondamoyo zimasiya kutulutsa insulin. Njira yayikulu yazakudya kwa odwala amtundu woyamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi glycemic index yotsika.

Zinthu zomwe zitha kudyedwa ndi mtundu 1:

Mbewu yonse, makeke a rye ndi makeke a chinangwa.
Supu
Nyama yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso nkhuku (yopanda khungu).
Nsomba yamafuta ochepa.
Zamasamba.
Zipatso ndi zipatso.
Buckwheat ndi oatmeal.
Zinthu zamkaka zamafuta ochepa.

Mankhwala oletsedwa a mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga:

Zinthu zonse zokhala ndi shuga.
Nyama Mafuta
Semolina, pasitala, mpunga.
Zakudya zakusuta, ma pickles ndi marinade.
Zakudya zamatenda.
Kuphika ndi kuphika.
Zinthu zamafuta amkaka kwambiri.
Zipatso zokhala ndi shuga wachilengedwe (nthochi, mphesa, ma supimmons, ndi zina) ndi zipatso zouma.
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni ndi mowa.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a gestational amatha kuchitika mwa mayi woyembekezera. Nthawi zambiri zimatengera ma genetics. Popewa kupititsa patsogolo shuga kwa amayi ndi mwana, chakudya chokhazikika chimayenera kutsatiridwa.

Mfundo zoyenera pankhani ya matenda ashuga:

Chepetsani kudya kovuta kwa chakudya chamafuta ndikuchotseratu michere yosavuta.
Chepetsani pasta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbatata.
Zakudya zamafuta, zakudya zoyendetsedwa ndi soseji ndizoletsedwa.
Njira yokonzekera malonda iyenera kusankhidwa mokomera chithandizo cha utsi, kutsitsa ndi kuphika.
Idyani maola atatu aliwonse.
Imwani madzi ambiri tsiku lililonse.

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga sizosiyanasiyana komanso zotopetsa, koma pa intaneti mutha kupeza maphikidwe ambiri osangalatsa a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Zakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2

Odwala omwe ali ndi insulin yovomerezeka, kulandira chithandizo cha zakudya sikusiyana ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga. Muli zakudya za isocaloric, kuwerengetsa kwa ma carbohydrate omwe kumawonjezera shuga m'magazi malinga ndi dongosolo la XE, kusintha mlingo wa "chakudya" insulin kutengera kuchuluka kwa XE ndipo palibe chifukwa chochepetsera kuchuluka kwamafuta.

Ngati mankhwala a insulin amachitika mwa odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti chithandizo chamankhwala chimapangidwanso poganizira mfundo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu CD-1, ndikuganizira mfundo zomwe tafotokozazi, ndiko kuti, kuphatikiza dongosolo la magawo a mkate ndi kuwerengera kwamkati ndi mafuta ochepa.

1. Thanzi liyenera kukhala lochita bwino

Mfundo za zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu nkhani ya "Rational Nutrition". Ngati simukudziwa bwino za izi, muyenera kuphunzira nkhaniyi. Popeza simunazolowere zakudya zoyenera, simuyenera kudalira chiwongola dzanja.
Kugawa zakudya zofunikira m'zakudya za mtundu 1 wa shuga popanda kunenepa kwambiri kuyenera kukhala motere.

Mkuyu. 1

Popeza kuti mapuloteni ndiwo zida zomangira thupi, "zofunikira" izi (monga nyama, nsomba, nkhuku, kanyumba tchizi) ziyenera kumeretsedwa tsiku lililonse.

Timakhudzana ndi malingaliro olakwika ambiri akuti kuletsa kwa mafuta a mtundu woyamba wa shuga kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chiphuphu.

Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa kudya kwa caloric pakufunikira kwa insulin kwawonetsa kuti kuchepa kwambiri kwa mafuta a calorie chifukwa kuchepa kwamafuta sikukhudza zofuna za insulin ndipo, chifukwa chake, kubwezeredwa kwa matenda.

Mkuyu. 2 Kufunika kwa insulin mu zakudya ndi 40%
ndi 5% mafuta (Dunn & Carrol, 1988)

Izi zikuwonetsa kuti lingaliro lakukhathamiritsa kwa shuga wamafuta wamafuta silabwino.

2. Kawunikidwe pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri monga chakudya cha mkate

Kutha kusiyanitsa zopangidwa ndi chakudya zamagulu ochulukirapo malinga ndi cholembera cha glycemic ndikuzigawa muzokolola kutengera mtundu wa mankhwala a insulin.

Kutha kuwerengera XE ndikuwongolera moyenera kuchuluka kwawo ndi mlingo wa insulin yochepa ndiye lamulo lofunikira kwambiri la matenda ashuga 1.

Mwanjira imeneyi zakudya za munthu wodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba 1 omwe sam onenepa kwambiri, mu kusiyanasiyana kwake, kufunikira kwake, kuchuluka kwake, mphamvu zamagetsi (zopatsa mphamvu) sayenera kukhala osiyana ndi thanzi la munthu wathanzi, ndikusiyana kokha komwe XE ikuyenera kuganiziridwa.

Kodi magawo amkate ndi mkate wa glycemic ndi chiyani

Musanalankhule za malingaliro awa, lingalirani chakudya chamagulu mwatsatanetsatane.

Zakudya zomanga thupi (osati mapuloteni ndi mafuta) ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu la khungu. Kuperewera kwa zakudya zamagetsi kumabweretsa mphamvu yanjala ya maselo ndi vuto la metabolic.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti thupi limalandira mphamvu zosachepera 55% zatsiku ndi tsiku kudzera pama chakudya.
Tikukumbutsani kuti kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni muzakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi 15-20%, mafuta - 25-30% (ngati palibe kulemera kowonjezera).

Kutengera ngati mafuta azakudya amatayika m'mimba kapena ayi, chifukwa chake amalowa m'magazi ndikuwonjezera glycemia kapena ayi, amadziwika m'mimba
ndi zoperewera chakudya.

Mkuyu. 3

Tiyenera kupeza chakudya chamagulu am'mimba mu chakudya ndikuchiwerengera malinga ndi XE. Zakudya zomanga thupi zoperewera, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa glycemia, XE osawerengeka.

Choyamba lingalirani chakudya chamagetsi. Monga tikuwonera patebulopo, amakhala osungunuka komanso osaphula kanthu.

Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zopanda mafuta, momwe cellulose ili, munthu samadya, chifukwa ndiwowuma ndipo ndi ovuta kugaya. Gwero lalikulu la cellulose m'chilengedwe ndi nkhuni. Gwero la cellulose la anthu likhoza kukhala zowonjezera zachilengedwe zomwe zimaphatikizidwa.

Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zopanda mafuta Ndiye gulu la fiber, zomwe zimaphatikizapo fiber, pectin, guar. Popanda kulowetsedwa m'magazi, amadutsa m'matumbo athu onse m'mayendedwe, kutenga nawo ndikuchotsa m'thupi zonse zosafunikira komanso zovulaza zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kagayidwe kapena zimachokera kunja (poizoni, ma micros, radionuclides, zitsulo zolemera, cholesterol etc.).

Chifukwa chake, osakhala gwero lamphamvu (mosiyana ndi chakudya cham'mimba), chakudya
ulusi umagwira ntchito yosafunikiranso thupi: monga burashi, "imatsuka", "kutsuka" matumbo athu, kupewa zinthu zovulaza kuti zisalowe m'magazi ndikukhala ndi poyizoni owononga maselo (omwe amabweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo).

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muzakudya zamunthu aliyense wamakono yemwe amakhala kutali ndi chilengedwe (mpweya wotulutsa, mpweya wamafakitale, mankhwala ophera tizilombo,
nitrate, utoto, zoteteza, etc.), malinga ndi malingaliro a madokotala, anali osachepera 40 g wazakudya wazakudya tsiku lililonse. Ili ndiye lamulo lina la zakudya zabwino zomwe muyenera kukumbukira.

Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane momwe fiber, pectin, giya.

Mkuyu. 4

CHIKWANGWANI imayimira khungu lakhoma la mbewu.
Zakudya zopangidwa ndi michere yambiri zimaphatikizapo tirigu ndi rye chinangwa, mkate wopanda nzeru ndi chinangwa, chimanga (barewheat, barele la pearl, oat), ndi masamba osalala a fiber.

Monga mukuwonera pa fanizoli, ulusi umakupatsani mwayi wothana ndi mavuto a kudzimbidwa komanso kuchuluka kwa chilakolako cha chakudya. Kupukutira ndi kuwira kumachepetsa mavuto amamba.

Mkuyu. 5

Pectins - zinthu zomwe zimamangiriza maselo a chomera wina ndi mnzake. Pectin ali ndi zipatso zambiri, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Udindo wa ma pectins m'thupi ukufanizidwa ndi chithunzi 6.

Mkuyu. 6

Zotsatira za fiber ndi ma pectins pathupi ziyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi gawo la zotsatira zamphamvu pazakudya za fiber.
Chifukwa chake, zinthu zina (nyemba, nandolo zobiriwira, mapira, burwheat, beets, kaloti, maapulo, letesi, ndi zina) zimakhala ndi phindu lalikulu kuposa zomwe zingayembekezeredwe pazowonjezera za fiber (onani tebulo pansipa).

Kuchuluka kwa CHIKWANGWANI, g	Zakudya
Zoposa 1.5 - zazikulu kwambiri	Tirigu, rasipiberi, nyemba, mtedza, masiku, sitiroberi, ma apricots, oatmeal, chokoleti, mphesa zoyera, oyera ndi ofiira okhathamira, nkhanu, jamu, zipatso
1-1.5 - yayikulu	Buckwheat, barele wa ngale, barele, ma oat "Hercules", nandolo, mbatata, kaloti woyera, nandolo wobiriwira, biringanya, tsabola wokoma, dzungu, sore, quince, malalanje, mandimu, lingonberry
0.6-0.9 - zolimbitsa	Mkate wobala nthanga, mapira, anyezi wobiriwira, nkhaka, beets, tomato, radara, kolifulawa, vwende, apricots, mapeyala, mapichesi, maapulo, mphesa, nthochi
0.3-0.5 - ochepa	Chakudya cha tirigu kuchokera ku ufa wa giredi lachiwiri, mpunga, tirigu, zukini, letesi, chivwende, yamatcheri, plums, yamatcheri
0.1-0.2 - ochepa kwambiri	Ufa wa tirigu wa giredi 1, mkate wa tirigu kuchokera ku ufa wa woyamba komanso wapamwamba kwambiri, semolina, pasitala, makeke

Guar - pectin-ngati zinthu zopezeka mchira. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito zofunikira ndizofanana ndi zamafuta ena azakudya.

Kuperewera kwa nthawi yayitali kwamalungo am'mimba kumabweretsa kudzimbidwa, kumapangitsa kupezeka kwa diverticulosis, polyposis ndi khansa ya rectum ndi colon, hemorrhoids, ndi
Chimodzi mwamavuto omwe amakumana nawo atherosulinosis, cholelithiasis.

Tsopano lingalirani chakudya cham'mimba zambiri.
Kutengera kuthamanga kwa kuyamwa, amagawidwa mwachangu komanso pang'onopang'ono. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu pang'onopang'ono zimayenera kupanga 80% yazakudya zonse zopezeka m'zakudya za munthu aliyense.
mwachangu - 20% yokha.

Zakudya zomanga thupi mwachangu , zomwe zimaphatikizapo glucose, fructose (monosaccharides), sucrose, lactose ndi maltose (disaccharides), zimayamba kuyamwa kale pamkamwa patsekeke ndipo pambuyo pa 5-10
atatha kumwa, ali kale m'magazi. Glucose (shuga ya mphesa) imatengeka mwachangu.
Ndiye chifukwa chake mphesa, msuzi wa mphesa, zoumba zouma, zokhala ndi glucose, mwachangu kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndichifukwa chake glucose ndibwino kuyimitsa (kuthetsa) hypoglycemia (shuga wotsika wamagazi).

Pangani Amameza pang'onopang'ono kuposa glucose, koma imawonekera mofulumira m'magazi ndikuwonjezera glycemia, ndipo makamaka, makamaka
kutchulidwa kuchepa kwa insulin. Zomwe zimayambira kwambiri ndi fructose ndi zipatso, zipatso, uchi. Uchi umakhala ndi shuga 35%, 30% fructose ndi 2% sucrose.

Lactose mfulu - shuga mkaka wokhala ndi Whey.
Zinthu zonse zamkaka zomwe zimakhala ndi Whey zimakhala ndi lactose (izi ndi zinthu zamkaka zamadzimadzi: mkaka, kefir, mkaka wowotchera, yogati, kirimu, yoghurts).
Kuti mumvetsetse bwino momwe amapangira mkaka, yang'anani kapu yamkaka. Whey imakhala ndi lactose mofulumira.
Zonse zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pamwamba pamkaka - "pamwamba" - sizili ngati mafuta omwe aperekedwa patebulo lathu ndi batala, kirimu wowawasa, zonona.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, zomwe zimatsala mkaka, pomwe Whey ndi mafuta amachotsedwa, awa ndi mapuloteni - tchizi.

Maltose - shuga. Ndi mankhwala apakati onyansa owonongeka ndi chomera ndi mbewu zauma (maum) ma enzyme, ndipo chindacho chatsitsidwa ndi glucose. Maltose amapezeka mwaulere mu mowa, kvass, uchi, zotupa za maltose, ndi mkaka wa masamba.

Kubweza , kapena shuga basi, amapezeka mwamafuta ake (shuga wotsekemera kapena shuga woyengedwa), komanso mu confectionery, timadziti, ma compotes, zoteteza.

Zakudya zonse zothamanga zimayenda m'magazi.

Kodi ndi zabwino kapena zoipa? Zabwino - kulimbana ndi hypoglycemia, yoyipa - chifukwa chakuti glycemia mutatha kudya zakudya zamafuta mofulumira imakwera mwachangu kwambiri, mwachangu kuposa momwe insulin ingachitire, ndipo mumayendetsa chiopsezo chotenga glycemia wokwera kwambiri ngakhale mutalandira jakisoni wokwanira wa insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, glucose "amachoka" mutatha kudya "chakudya chambiri", mukamadya kwambiri. Mkhalidwe wazinthu zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe ammadzi (chilichonse mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi amamwa mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa chake mafuta omwe amapezeka mwachangu mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi amathandizira glycemia mwachangu: tiyi ndi shuga kapena uchi, timadziti topanda zamkati, zakumwa zotsekemera), kutentha kwazopangidwa (zonse zotentha zimakumwa mwachangu, mwachitsanzo tiyi wotentha wokhala ndi shuga amakweza glycemia mwachangu kuposa chakumwa chofewa kuchokera mufiriji).

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji kuyamwa kwa michere yogaya mwachangu ndipo potero mupewe kuchuluka kwambiri kwa glycemia, ngati mukufunadi "kutsekemera"?

Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta othamanga pama ozizira m'malo mwa mawonekedwe otentha.
Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi mukatha kudya, osati pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Ndikwabwino kudya zakudya zosapatsa mafuta abwino (uchi, caramel, zakumwa zotsekemera), komanso fiber (zipatso, zipatso, zinthu zophika), mafuta (monga ayisikilimu kapena chokoleti), mapuloteni (kirimu wama protein) omwe amachedwa kuyamwa.

Malangizo ena: musadye chakudya chamagulu ambiri nthawi imodzi, chifukwa chakudya chamagulu ochulukirapo omwe mumadya nthawi imodzi, glycemia imakulanso.

Zakudya zowonda pang'ono - Ichi ndi wowuma, chomwe ndi polysaccharide, ndiye kuti, wopatsa mphamvu wazakudya zambiri. Asanalowe m'magazi, wowuma amayenera kugayidwa ndi ma enzyme am'mimba kuti achulukane ndi glucose, apo ayi sadzadutsa khoma lamatumbo ndipo salowa m'magazi. Mchitidwe wotsekedwa wowuma umatenga nthawi yambiri, chifukwa chake, zakudya zokhala ndi wowuma zimakulitsa glycemia pang'onopang'ono kuposa chakudya cholimbitsa mwachangu. Zakudya zamafuta pang'ono zomwe zimaphatikizidwa zimaphatikizapo zinthu zophika mkate, mbatata, chimanga, chimanga, pasitala.

Zakudya zamafuta pang'ono zimapita m'magazi.
Wowuma ndi wosavuta komanso wosavuta kugaya kuchokera ku mpunga ndi semolina kuposa mapira, burwheat kapena barele wa pearl, komanso mbatata ndi mkate mwachangu kuposa peas kapena nyemba. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa "zoletsa" zam'minyewa zam'madzi, makamaka mu chitsanzo cha fiber.

Magalamu 10 aliwonse ogaya chakudya (mwachangu komanso pang'onopang'ono) amawonjezera glycemia ndi 1,7 mmol / L.
Komabe, mukamatenga mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi chakudya chamagulu omwe, kuwonjezeka kwa glycemia kungakhale kosiyana, chifukwa chake, kufunikira kwa insulin kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa zomwe wapanga.
Poganizira mphamvu ya "zoletsa" pa phindu la glycemia (kulongedza kwa chakudya, kuchuluka kapena kuwaza kwa chakudya, kusintha kwa kutentha), mndandanda wotchedwa glycemic unapangidwa womwe umawonetsa kuchuluka kwa glycemia kukwera ngati chinthu chimodzi kapena china chadyedwa. Kuphatikiza shuga kumapangitsa kuti shuga atulutsidwe ngati 100%.

Glycemic indices a zinthu zina

90—110% - maltose, mbatata yosenda, uchi, mpunga wa "mpweya", mapika a chimanga, Coca-Cola ndi Pepsi-Cola,
70—90% - mikate yoyera ndi imvi, mkate wowuma, zipatso, mpunga, wowuma, ufa wa tirigu, masikono, makeke apafupipafupi, mowa,
50—70% - oatmeal, nthochi, chimanga, mbatata yophika, shuga, chinangwa
buledi, rye mkate, msuzi wopanda zipatso,
30—50% - mkaka, kefir, yogati, zipatso, pasitala, nyemba, ayisikilimu.

Mkate unit mkate

Pofuna kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi mlingo wa insulin yocheperako, dongosolo lama mkate linapangidwa.
Kwa 1 XE, imawerengedwa ngati 10-12 g ya chakudya cham'mimba.

1XE = 10-12 g ya chakudya chamafuta
1 XU imafuna magawo 1 mpaka 4 a insulin yochepa (chakudya)
Pa avareji, 1 XE ndi magawo awiri a insulin yochepa
Aliyense ali ndi chosowa chake cha insulin pa 1 XE.
Idziwitsani ndi zolemba zowunika
Magawo a mkate amayenera kuwerengedwa ndi maso, osayetsa zinthu

Momwe mungawerengere kuchuluka kwa XE kudya masana?
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kubwerera ku mutu wa "Zakudya Zabwino", kuwerengera zopatsa mphamvu za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe mumadya, mutatenga 55 kapena 60% yake, dziwani kuchuluka kwa kilocalories omwe amayenera kubwera ndi chakudya.
Kenako, pogawa mtengowu ndi 4 (popeza 1 g yamakanizo amapereka 4 kcal), timapeza kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku m'magalamu. Podziwa kuti 1 XE ndi ofanana ndi magalamu 10 a chakudya, gawani kuchuluka kwa chakudya tsiku ndi 10 ndikupeza kuchuluka kwa XE tsiku lililonse.

Mwachitsanzo, zopatsa mphamvu zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 1800 kcal, 60% yake ndi 1080 kcal. Kugawa 1080 kcal mu 4 kcal, timapeza 270 magalamu a chakudya. Kugawa magalamu 270 ndi magalamu 12, timapeza 22,5 XE.

Momwe mungagawire maguluwa tsiku lonse?
Popeza kukhalapo kwa zakudya zazikulu zitatu (kadzutsa, chakudya chamasana ndi chakudya chamadzulo), kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu ambiri kumayenera kugawidwa pakati pawo, poganizira mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino (ochulukirapo m'mawa, ocheperako madzulo) komanso, makamaka, chifukwa cha chidwi chanu.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pakudya kamodzi sikulimbikitsidwa kudya oposa 7 XE, popeza chakudya chamagulu ambiri omwe mumadya pachakudya chimodzi, chiwopsezo chachikulu cha glycemia ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin yochepa kumakulirakulira. Ndipo mlingo waifupi, "chakudya", insulin, womwe umayendetsedwa kamodzi, sayenera kupitirira magawo 14.

Chifukwa chake kufalikira kwamphamvu zamafuta pakati pa zakudya zazikulu kungakhale motere:

6 XE pa kadzutsa (mwachitsanzo, oatmeal - supuni 10 (5 XE), sangweji yophika ndi tchizi kapena nyama (1 XE), tchizi chosafotokozedwera cha tiyi ndi tiyi wobiriwira kapena khofi yokhala ndi zotsekemera).
Chakudya chamadzulo - 6 XE: msuzi wa kabichi ndi wowawasa wowawasa (osati XE) ndi magawo awiri a mkate (2 XE), nyama ya nkhumba kapena nsomba ndi masamba saladi mu masamba mafuta, popanda mbatata, chimanga ndi nyemba (osati XE) mbatata yosenda - supuni 4 (2 XE), kapu ya madzi.
Chakudya chamadzulo - 5 XE: masamba omelet a mazira atatu ndi tomato 2 (osawerengeka ndi XE) ndi magawo awiri a buledi (2 XE), yogati (2 XE), kiwi (1 XE).

Chifukwa chake, okwana 17 XE amapezeka. "Ndipo otsala 4,5 XE ali kuti?" Mukufunsa.

XE yotsalira imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya pakati pa chakudya chachikulu ndi usiku. Mwachitsanzo, 2 XE mu mawonekedwe a nthochi imodzi imatha kudyedwa patatha maola atatu mutatha kudya kadzutsa, 1 XE mu mawonekedwe a apulosi 3-4 patatha nthawi ya nkhomaliro ndi 1 XE usiku, pa 22.00, mukabayidwa insulin yanu ya "usiku" .

Kodi zakudya zapakatikati komanso kukakamizidwa usiku wonse ndizovomerezeka kwa anthu onse omwe amapaka insulin?
Zosafunika kwa aliyense. Chilichonse ndi payekha ndipo zimatengera dongosolo lanu la insulin. Nthawi zambiri munthu amakumana ndi zoterezi pomwe anthu amakhala ndi chakudya cham'mawa chokwanira kapena nkhomaliro ndipo sankafuna kudya nthawi yonse itatha maola 3-4 atadya, koma, pokumbukira momwe analimbikitsira kuti azikhala ndi chakudya nthawi ya 11.00 ndi 16.00, amadzilimbitsira "zinthu" XE mwa iwo okha ndikupeza kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Zakudya zapakati pamafunika kwa iwo omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia maola 3-4 mutatha kudya. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika, kuphatikiza insulin yochepa, insulin yayitali, ndikulowerera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri hypoglycemia imakhalapo panthawiyi (nthawi yogawa mphamvu yayikulu ya insulin komanso kuyambika kwa insulin yayitali.

Pambuyo pa nkhomaliro, nthawi yayitali insulin ikayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo imayatsidwa pamtundu wa insulin yochepa, yomwe imayendetsedwa musanadye nkhomaliro, mwayi wa hypoglycemia umakulanso ndipo 1-2 XE ndi yofunikira popewa. Usiku, pa 22-23.00, mukamapereka insulin yayitali, muzimeza pang'ono muyezo wa 1-2 XE (pang'onopang'ono m'mimba) popewa kuchepa kwa hypoglycemia ngati glycemia panthawiyi ndi ochepera 6.3 mmol / l.

Ndi glycemia pamtunda wa 6.5-7.0 mmol / L, kusakudya usiku kumatha kuyambitsa hyperglycemia ya m'mawa, chifukwa sipadzakhala insulin yokwanira usiku.
Zakudya zapakatikati zopangidwira kupewa hypoglycemia masana ndi usiku siziyenera kupitirira 1-2 XE, apo ayi mudzapeza hyperglycemia m'malo mwa hypoglycemia.
Pazakudya zapakatikati zotengedwa ngati njira yotsatsira mu kuchuluka kwa osaposa 1-2 XE, insulin sikuti imayendetsedwa.

Zambiri zimayankhulidwa pokhudza mkate.
Koma chifukwa chiyani mukuyenera kuwawerenga? Taganizirani chitsanzo ichi.

Tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi mita ya glucose ndipo mumayeza glycemia musanadye. Mwachitsanzo, inu, monga nthawi zonse, mumaba jakisoni magawo 12 a insulin yomwe adokotala adatipatsa, mumadya mbale yophika ndikumwa kapu ya mkaka. Dzulo nawenso mudapereka mlingo womwewo ndikudya phala yomweyo ndikumwa mkaka womwewo, mawa muyenera kuchita zomwezo.

Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa mukangopatuka pa zomwe mumadya, zakudya zanu za glycemia zimasintha nthawi yomweyo, ndipo sizabwino. Ngati ndinu munthu wodziwa kuwerenga komanso wodziwa kuwerengera XE, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa kadyedwe sikokuopsa kwa inu. Kudziwa kuti pa 1 XE pali avareji ya 2 PIECES ya insulin yochepa ndikuti muwerenge momwe mungawerengere XE, mutha kusintha mawonekedwe ake pazakudya, chifukwa chake, mlingo wa insulin momwe mukuwonera, popanda kusiya chindapusa cha shuga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti lero mutha kudya phala ya 4 XE, magawo awiri a buledi (2 XE) ndi tchizi kapena nyama pakudya m'mawa ndikungowonjezera insulin yochepa pa 6 XE 12yi ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino za glycemic.

Mawa m'mawa, ngati mulibe chikondwerero, mutha kudzipereka ndi kapu ya tiyi ndi sangweji (2 XE) ndikungolowa zigawo 4 za insulin yochepa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mupeze zotsatira zabwino za glycemic. Ndiko kuti, dongosolo lama mkate limathandizira kubaya ndendende kwakanthawi kochepa monga momwe amafunikira kuyamwa kwa zakudya zamafuta, osatinso (omwe amadzala ndi hypoglycemia) komanso osachepera (omwe ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemia), ndikusunga chindalama chabwino cha shuga.

Kuti zitheke kuyenda padziko lonse lapansi magawo a mkate, zithunzi zomwe zili pansipa zikuwonetsa komwe paphaka lililonse pali kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi 1 XE.