Kodi uchi uli ndi fructose?

Carbohydrate ndi ma organic opangidwa ndi kaboni, haidrojeni ndi oksijeni, ndi hydrogen ndi oksijeni omwe amaphatikizidwa mu mawonekedwe awo a 2: 1, monga m'madzi, chifukwa chake dzina lawo lidawonekera. Zakudya zomanga thupi, choyamba, ndi malo athu osungira magetsi, mafuta akuluakulu, chifukwa chake minofu, mtima, ubongo, dongosolo logaya chakudya ndi ziwalo zina zofunika komanso zofunika. Amakwaniritsa zoposa 60% ya kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu tsiku lililonse. Kuphatikiza apo, ma carbohydrate amagwira ntchito ngati mawonekedwe komanso pulasitiki, ndipo amawongolera njira zofunika kwambiri zamankhwala.

Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zimagawidwa kukhala ma monosaccharides, oligosaccharides ndi polysaccharides.

Ma monosaccharides (ma carbohydrate osavuta) ndi oyimira osavuta a carbohydrate ndipo samadumphira pazinthu zosavuta panthawi yama hydrolysis. Monosaccharides ndiye gwero lamphamvu kwambiri komanso lamphamvu kwambiri pa zinthu zomwe zimachitika m'selo.

Ma Oligosaccharides ndiophatikizika zovuta kwambiri omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kutsalira zingapo (kuyambira 2 mpaka 10) monosaccharide. Malinga ndi izi, ma disaccharides, ma trisaccharides, ndi ena amadziwika. Pofuna kutengeka ndi thupi lathu, oligosaccharides ndi ma polysaccharides ayenera kugawidwa mu monosaccharides mu esophagus.

Polysaccharides - maselo olemera olemera - ma polima opangidwa kuchokera kumtundu waukulu (makumi, mazana, masauzande) amatsalira a monosaccharide. F-la okwana ma polysaccharides ambiri C n H 2m O m, komwe n> m. Malinga ndi ntchito yawo yachilengedwe, ma polysaccharides amagawika m'magawo: aumbidwe, omwe ndi mapangidwe a maselo ndi minofu, malo osungirako, omwe amakhala ngati gwero lamphamvu zamagetsi ndi michere, yogwira thupi. Ma polysaccharides odziwika omwe amasungidwa sakhala okhuthala muzomera ndi glycogen mu nyama. Ma polysaccharide odziwika kwambiri opangidwa ndi cellulose.

Ma polysaccharides alibe kukoma.

Ma monosaccharides ndi oligosaccharides amakoma ndi chifukwa chake amatchedwa shuga. Ma monosaccharides onse ndi ma disaccharides ena ali m'gulu la masheya ochepetsa (kuchepetsa), i.e., mankhwala omwe amatha kulowa m'njira yochepetsera.

Dextrins (С 6 Н 10 О 5) n - zinthu zowonongeka pang'ono za wowuma kapena glycogen, zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yawo yamankhwala othandizira ndi asidi kapena enzymatic hydrolysis. St. Dextrins amatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kulemera kwawo. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito poyambira ndi ayodini kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa wowuma. Kwa mzere wa ma dextrins, madontho a buluu wokhala ndi ayodini amawonedwa pa digirii ya polymerization n yoposa 47, buluu-violet pa 39-46, red-violet pa 30 38, wofiira pa 25-29, bulauni pa 21-24. Kwa n, zakudya zazikulu za uchi ndi ma monosaccharides: shuga kapena mphesa (27-36%) ndi fructose kapena shuga wa zipatso (33-42%). Ma monosaccharides awa ndi gawo la timadzi tokoma, ndipo amapangidwanso pakuphulika kwa sucrose pakucha kwa uchi pansi pa zochita za enitorme. Chifukwa chake, amatchedwanso shuga wotsekemera. Pa shuga wovuta kwambiri mu uchi, sucrose disaccharide ndiwochuluka kwambiri; ndi shuga wamba yemwe amapezeka ku ma beets kapena nzimbe. Mu maluwa uchi, shuga si oposa 5%. Mu uchi wa uchi mumakhala shuga wambiri - mpaka 10%, ndipo shuga wochepa ndi fructose. Suprose sikuti shuga.

Mafuta ambiri a glucose ndi fructose amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kukoma kwa uchi - kukoma kwake kosangalatsa ndi kuthekanso kubwezeretsa mphamvu mwachangu.

Mashupi osavuta komanso ovuta amamizidwa ndi matupi athu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Monosugar imatengedwa mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Glucose popanda zosintha zina ndi zina zowonjezera pamthupi zimalowa m'matumbo kulowa m'magazi (m'matenda ambiri, glucose amaphatikizidwa mwachindunji m'magazi). Fructose imadziunjikira m'chiwindi monga glycogen, pomwe shuga amapangidwanso ngati pakufunika. Suprose imayamba kuthyoledwa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi madzi a m'matumbo a glucose ndi fructose. Thupi la munthu wathanzi limatha kugaya sucrose. Koma kwa wodwala yemwe alibe michere yokwanira, ndipo njira yake yogaya chakudya imagwira ntchito, kumwa uchi ndikofunika kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo thupi limachotsa katundu wambiri - njira yogawanitsa sucrose.

Omwe amagwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi mphamvu yamanjenje komanso minofu ya mafupa. Mwa ntchito yachilendo minofu yamtima, kubwezeretsa magwiridwe ake kumafuna glucose ndi fructose.

Mukasunga uchi womwe sunachitike mankhwala othandizira kutentha, ma enzyme amasungabe ntchito zawo ndipo kuchuluka kwa sucrose kumayamba kuchepa. Kuchuluka kwa sucrose ndi chizindikiro cha uchi wopanda bwino. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa choti uchi umapezeka kuchokera ku njuchi zomwe umadyetsa shuga wa shuga kapena wosakanizidwa ndi shuga wosakhazikika kapena wozikika. Mu uchi wotere, mulibe ma enzyme okwanira kuti athane ndi sucrose, chifukwa chokhala ndi sucrose yambiri, nthawi zina kuposa 25%. Chiwerengero cha sucrose nthawi zina chimachuluka ndi kusonkhanitsa uchi waukulu, pomwe mphamvu ya kukonzanso ma enzyme imasokonekera mu njuchi chifukwa cha ziphuphu zazikulu za timadzi tokoma kapena paddy.

Uchi wa njuchi ulinso ndi ma dextrins. Mwapangidwe, mamolekyu a ma dextrins a uchi ali ofanana ndi trisaccharides. Ma dextrins a uchi amamwa bwino, amachepetsa kuchepa kwa mkaka, ndikuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma uchi. Mu maluwa a uchi, alipo ochepa a iwo - osaposa 2%, matope - osaposa 5%. Ma Dextrins a uchi samapakidwa utoto ndi ayodini, amasungunuka m'madzi, ndikupanga njira zamadzimadzi zamadzimadzi.

3.2.2 Pangani pake

Shuga wa zipatso amatchedwanso levulose (laevus = kumanzere), chifukwa umazungulira kuwala kozungulira kuti kumanzere. Ndi ya monosaccharides ndipo imakoma kwambiri kuposa mafuta ena onse. Ngati kutsekemera kwa sucrose njira kukuyerekeza pamlingo 100, ndiye kuti fructose apeza mfundo 173 poyerekeza ndi iyo, komanso glucose - 81 mfundo. Mankhwala, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakhungu la zotupa za chiwindi, poyizoni wa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, komanso monga shuga wogwirizira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a m'mellitus, popeza ngakhale mu Mlingo waukulu samakulitsa kwambiri caxapa m'magazi.

Pazakukhudzidwa ndi fructose ndi thupi, mosiyana ndi shuga, insulini yochokera ku kapamba sikufunika (chifukwa chake, ikulimbikitsidwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga). Kuphatikiza apo, samatengedwa mwachindunji ndi maselo, monga glucose, koma amagwira ntchito makamaka pakupanga kwa glycogen (wowonda wa chiwindi) m'chiwindi. Glycogen imayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a granules mu cytoplasm ya maselo amthupi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lamphamvu yopewera shuga. Chiwindi chimasinthira gawo la fructose kukhala glucose, womwe ndi gwero lalikulu lamphamvu mu kagayidwe kazonse. Ngakhale glucose amalira mosavuta, fructose sakhala ndi malowa. Pachifukwa ichi, makhiristu a shuga omwe azunguliridwa ndi shuga yamadzimadzi a zipatso amatha kupezeka mu uchi.

Uchi umakhala ndi levorotatory fructose kuposa glucose wa dextrorotatory. Chifukwa chake, ndipo chifukwa kuzungulira kwadzala kwa fructose kumakhala kwamphamvu kuposa kusintha kwa glucose, uchi wonse ndi levorotatory. Mothandizidwa ndi ma enzymes (ma enzymes), mitundu yonse iwiri ya shuga imatha kudutsa wina.

3.2.3 Glucose

Mwanjira yake yaulere, glucose amapezeka makamaka mu zipatso ndi uchi, pomwe sucrose imalumikizana ndi mankhwala a fructose ndipo iyenera kupatulidwa ndi yotsirizira isanamwe. Ubwino wa shuga wa uchi ndikuti umadutsa m'makoma am'mimba kulowa m'magazi popanda chimbudzi. Mwambiri, izi zimafuna mankhwala a phosphorous, omwe amapezekanso mu uchi ndipo sapezeka mu shuga wokhazikika.

Kutenga kwa glucose kumachitika mwa njira zovuta za mankhwala. M'mawu osavuta, madzi omwe ali ndi vuto ili, omwe maatomu asanu ndi limodzi a kaboni amamangidwa pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Zikatero, kaboni imapangidwira pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndikusintha kukhala kaboni dioksidi (CO2) ndikutulutsa mphamvu zomwe thupi limafunikira ngati mafuta pazinthu zambiri m'moyo.

Mosiyana ndi fructose, shuga amavuta kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

4.1 Mfundo zoyambira

Mapuloteni ndi zinthu zochuluka za nayitrogeni okhala ndi michere yomwe mamolekyu ake amapangidwa kuchokera ku amino acid. Chamoyo chilichonse chimakhala ndi mapuloteni. Mu thupi la munthu, mapuloteni amapanga minofu, minyewa, ma tendon, ziwalo zonse ndi minyewa, tsitsi, misomali, mapuloteni ndi gawo lamadzi ndi mafupa. M'chilengedwe, pali mapuloteni osiyanasiyana 10 10-10 12 omwe amatsimikizira kuti moyo wa zolengedwa zonse zovuta kuzungulira kuchokera ku ma virus kupita kwa anthu. Mapuloteni ndi ma enzymes, ma antibodies, mahomoni ambiri ndi zinthu zina zogwira ntchito. Kufunika kokonzanso mapuloteni pafupipafupi ndiye maziko a metabolism.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kufunika kwakukula kwa mapuloteni muzakudya ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'thupi laanthu kumadziwika ndi akatswiri azaka zana zoyambira 19, adapeza dzina loti "mayiko ena" pazinthu izi zama mankhwala - "mapuloteni", kuchokera ku Greek рtos - "woyamba, waukulu".

4.2 Enzymes (ma enzyme)

Ma Enzymes - ndi mamolekyulu ovuta a mapuloteni ndipo ndi "othandizira kwachilengedwe". "Chilengedwe" chimatanthawuza kuti ndi chinthu kapena chamoyo chamoyo. Mawu oti "chothandizira" amatanthauza kuti chinthu chimatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala nthawi zambiri, pomwe icho sichimasintha chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika. Ma Enzymes (ochokera ku lat. Fermentum - nayonso mphamvu, poterera) nthawi zina amatchedwa ma enzymes (kuchokera ku Chigriki. En - mkati, zyme - sourdough).

Maselo amoyo onse amakhala ndi ma enzymes ambiri, kugwira ntchito kwa maselo kumatengera ntchito yothandizira yomwe. Pafupifupi chilichonse mwazosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika mu cell zimafunika kutenga nawo gawo kwa enzyme inayake. Kafukufuku wazomwe zimatha kupanga michere yama enzymes ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi iwo ndi gawo lapadera, lofunikira kwambiri la biochemistry - enzymology.

Ma enzyme ena (enzymes) amachita zinthu modziyimira pawokha, ena amangophatikiza ndi mavitamini, michere ndi kufufuza zinthu ngati coenzymes. M'malo mwake, palibe njira imodzi yokha mthupi momwe ma enzymes sanatenge nawo gawo. Mosiyana ndi othandizira pamaofesi, omwe sasintha pakukhudzana ndimakanika, ma enzyme amasintha ndipo amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono. Pazifukwa izi, malo awo ayenera kukonzedweranso. Thupi limatulutsa ma enzymes ambiri palokha popanda zinthu zomanga thupi. Komabe, izi zokha sizikukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi, ndiye kuti zoperekazo ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso kuchokera kunja, ndi chakudya chomwe chimatengedwa. Kubwezeretsanso kunja ndi matenda komanso theka lamoyo, pamene thupi lipanga michere yocheperako, ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Ma enzyme onse ali ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono, i.e. amene amachititsa vuto limodzi lokha. Popeza njira zingapo zamitundu mitundu zimachitika mthupi, kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes kumakulanso. Pakadali pano, mazana angapo a iwo akudziwika.

Ma Enzymes ndi ofunikira pakugaya chakudya. Pazinthu zochepa zokha maselo ocheperako omwe amatha kudutsa khoma lamatumbo ndikulowa m'magazi, chifukwa chake, zigawo za chakudya ziyenera kupukutidwa m'molekyulu yaying'ono. Izi zimachitika pa enzymatic hydrolysis (kugawaniza) kwamapuloteni kupita ku amino acid, wowuma ku shuga, mafuta kwa mafuta acid ndi glycerol. Popanda michere, thupi limafa chifukwa chotopa, ngakhale nditakhala ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi kwambiri, chifukwa silingamwe.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti enzyme ikhale yosafunikira kwenikweni ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chitsanzo cha peroxidase chomwe chidagwira ntchito ngakhale pakuchepetsa kwa 1: 200,000,000.

Udindo wa ma enzyme satha kutopa ndi chimbudzi. Lero ndikudziwika kuti nawonso amatenga mbali pazinthu zotsatirazi zokhudzana ndi ntchito za thupi komanso kayendedwe ka kudzichiritsa kwake:

• kuchiritsa mabala, kutupa ndi zotupa,
• kuwonongeka kwa maselo owonongeka ndi akufa omwe angathandizire kukalamba,
• kuwonongeka kwa maselo akunja, makamaka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi maselo a khansa,
• kupewa mapangidwe kapena kusungunuka kwa magazi owundana (ndi thrombosis ndi embolism) ndikuyika pamakoma a mitsempha yamagazi (calcification of mtsempha wamagazi).

Kuchokera pazofunikira izi, pali mwayi wambiri wogwiritsa ntchito ma enzymes a prophylactic ndi achire. Njira zingapo zochizira uchi zimatha kufotokozedwa ndi zochita za michere.

Zakudya za uchi

Kodi uchi umakhala ndi chiyani? Kodi pali glucose kapena fructose mu uchi? Maziko a uchi wachilengedwe ndi chakudya, mumapezeka shuga 25, omwe apamwamba ndi shuga kapena mphesa (kuyambira 27 mpaka 35), shuga wa zipatso kapena fructose (33-42%). Pali dzina lina la zinthu izi - shuga wowonjezera. Uchi ndi fructose ndi malingaliro apafupi.

Komanso, shuga wovuta amapezeka mu uchi; sucrose disaccharide imapezeka kwambiri. Mu maluwa a uchi ndi 5%, mu uchi wa uchi pafupifupi 10%, fructose yocheperako ndi shuga. Masewera ambiri a fructose ndi glucose amatsogolera ku kulawa kwabwino, thanzi labwino.

Ziphuphu, zosavuta komanso zovuta, zimatengedwa ndi thupi m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Glucose imalowa m'magazi, fructose imadziunjikira m'chiwindi ngati glycogen, ikafunika, imasinthidwa kukhala shuga.

Kukula mothandizidwa ndi madzi am`matumbo amadzidula mu fructose ndi glucose. Omwe amagwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi maselo amanjenje komanso mafupa am'mimba, chifukwa magwiridwe antchito a mtima, onse glucose ndi fructose amafunikira.

Ngati uchi wathandizidwa kutentha:

1. kuchuluka kwa sucrose kumasungidwa,
2. Ma enzyme amataya ntchito
3. malonda amataya mtengo.

Kuchuluka kwa sucrose ndi umboni wa vuto la njuchi, zifukwa zake ziyenera kufufuzidwa podyetsa njuchi ndi madzi osokoneza bongo kapena manyumwa okoma. Pazinthu izi, pali ma michere ochepa omwe amafunikira kuphwanya kwa sucrose, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu kumafikira 25%. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumachuluka ndi kusonkhanitsa uchi waukulu, pomwe kuthekera kukapanga timadzi tokoma kumawonjezeka.

Uchi wa uchi umakhala ndi ma dextrins, zinthu zofanana ndi trisaccharides. Dextrins amalowetsedwa ndi thupi, kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kuletsa kuyaka kwa uchi. Mu maluwa uchi wa zinthu izi osaposa peresenti, mu uchi uchi pafupifupi faifi.

Ma Dextrins sanajambulidwe ndi yankho la ayodini, amasungunuka mwachangu mu zakumwa, zopangidwa ndi mowa.

Fructose amatchedwanso levulose, thunthu ndi la monosaccharides, amakhala ndi kukoma kotsekemera. Ngati titha kuzindikira yankho la sucrose pamlingo zana, ndiye kuti fructose wokoma alandila 173 point, glucose ndi 81 pokha.

Mankhwala, shuga ya zipatso amalimbikitsidwa kuti athetse kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, uchidakwa, komanso shuga. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa fructose kumakulitsa glycemia.

Kwa kukonzekera kokwanira kwa fructose, kutenga gawo la mahomoni a insulin sikofunikira, chifukwa chake, thunthu limalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, chakudya chopatsa thanzi pang'onopang'ono sichimamwa ndi maselo enieniwo, koma ndiye maziko opanga chiwindi wowuma (glycogen). Amasungidwa momwe amapangira timagulu ting'onoting'ono, ndi malo osungirako mphamvu zamagetsi zikafooka.

Chiwindi, ngati kuli kofunikira, amasintha fructose kukhala glucose, ngati glucose amakula mosavuta, ndiye kuti fructose ilibe katundu wotere. Pachifukwa ichi, makhiristo ozunguliridwa ndi madzi amadzimadzi amatha kuwoneka mumtsuko wa uchi.

Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka njuchi ndikosiyanasiyana, nthawi zonse zimatengera zinthu zingapo:

• malo olima
• gwero la ndalama
• nthawi yosonkhanitsa
• mtundu wa njuchi.

Zina mwazinthu zokhudzana ndi uchi ndizofanana komanso mawonekedwe, pafupifupi zosakaniza zana kuchokera mazana atatu akhoza kutchedwa osatha.

Honey fructose ndiwotsekemera kwambiri kuposa glucose, limakhala louma kwambiri, zomwe sizimalola kuti malonda azikhala ndi shuga wokwanira. Mankhwalawa ndiwofunika kwambiri komanso opindulitsa thupi la odwala matenda ashuga, mukayerekeza ndi shuga wokonzedwa, amene amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ndikuwonjezeredwa ndi mafakitale opanga mafakitale.

Ngakhale zili ndi mafuta osavuta owonjezera mafuta, uchi ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri kwa anthu.

Shuga wa mphesa (glucose) ali ndi dzina lina - dextrose, ndiye shuga wofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa amapereka mphamvu m'maselo maselo a metabolic. Thupi limakhalapo pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi magazi a munthu. Kuzungulira kwa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu kumayenera kukhalabe mkati mwa 100 mg pa 100 ml ya magazi, masana amatha kuyambira 70 mpaka 120 mg.

Kusala kudya kwamphamvu kwa glucose kumakhala chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda osokoneza bongo, otsika kwambiri amawonetsa hypoglycemia. Hemuloni ya insulin, yomwe imabisidwa ndi maselo ochepa am'mimba kapamba, amadziwika kuti azilamulira shuga.

Mafuta ochulukirapo amasinthidwa kukhala glycogen, amadziunjikira m'chiwindi, malo ena owonjezera a glycogen amapezeka mu mtima ndi minofu minofu. Popanda mphamvu, imatulutsidwa m'magazi.

Mitundu yaulere ya mankhwala ilipo mu uchi ndi zipatso, ngati shuga ndi gawo la sucrose, ndi:

1. Amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mankhwala a shuga,
2. iyenera kupatulidwa ndi fructose.

Ubwino wawukulu ndikuthekera kolowera m'makoma am'mimba, kusowa kwa chimbudzi choyambira. Mafuta omwe amapezeka m'magazi amawonongeka m'njira zovuta kupanga, ma atomu a carbon amasinthidwa ndi mpweya. Pankhaniyi, kaboni imaphatikizidwa, imasinthidwa kukhala mpweya woipa, ndipo mphamvu yofunikira panjira zofunika imatulutsidwa.

Poyerekeza ndi fructose, shuga amalekeredwa bwino ndi odwala matenda a shuga, amawonjezera glycemia, ndipo osavomerezeka chifukwa cha metabolism ya carbohydrate.

Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito uchi

Kafukufuku wazachipatala awonetsa kuti chithandizo cha uchi panjira ya matenda ashuga posachedwa chipereka chiyembekezo chabwino. Pali kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, glycated hemoglobin.

Ndi zopindulitsa zomwe zili zachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kusiya izo pakukwanitsa kwa matendawa, kudya uchi mu mkhalidwe wokhululuka, pamene kwanthawi yayitali kunalibe kulumpha kowopsa mumagazi a shuga.

Madokotala amalimbikitsa kudya supuni ziwiri zofunikira za uchi masana, ndipo ndibwino kuti muzidya mumtundu woyamba wa tsiku. Pambuyo podzuka, thupi limafunikira mphamvu, lomwe silimalola kuti shuga asambe.

Ndikofunika kudya uchi 30 mphindi musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, fructose simalimbikitsa kupanga insulin. Choyang'anira njuchi sichingakhale chopepuka kuwonjezera pa tiyi nthawi yogona kuti muchepetse njala, kubwezeretsa mphamvu pambuyo pa tsiku lovuta.

Kuti muchepetse kunenepa, odwala amalimbikitsidwa kumwa zakumwa za uchi, chifukwa amatenga:

• supuni ya uchi
• kapu yamadzi ofunda
• supuni ya mandimu.

Madzi azikhala otentha mosangalatsa, chifukwa madzi otentha amawononga zinthu zonse zofunikira, kusiya shuga wokha komanso kukoma kwa chakumwa. Moyenera, chakumwa cha uchi chimakhala chidakwa 30-50 mphindi asanadye.

Palibenso chaphindu chomwe chingakhale chakumwa chomwe ndimu ingapo, M'malo mwa madzi, mutha kumwa mkaka wofunda wotentha. M'pofunika kutenga supuni zitatu za muzu wowuma wa ginger, kutsanulira madzi, kuyika madzi osamba ndikubweretsa. Pambuyo pake chakumwacho chimasefedwa, chosakhazikika, kuwonjezera uchi pang'ono ndi mandimu.

Uchi ndiwothandiza ngati umagwiritsidwanso ntchito kunja. Odwala amalangizidwa kuti azitha kulunga uchi, kusamba ndi massage. Ndondomekozi zimathandizira kulimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiuno, kusintha kayendedwe ka magazi, kukhutitsa maselo ndi mamolekyulu a okosijeni, ndikuthandizira kutuluka kwa maselo a mafuta. Zamoyo zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu uchi zimathandizira kuchepetsa thupi ndikugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi.

Pofuna kuthana ndi cellulite, chisa cha uchi chimayikidwa m'malo omwe akukhudzidwa, mankhwalawa adzakulitsa lumen m'mitsempha yamagazi, amathandizira kukonza mawonekedwe, izi ndizosafunikira kwenikweni ngati matenda amtundu wachiwiri. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti uchi umatha kuvulaza, musanatsatire njira zomwe muyenera kudziyesa kuti mupewe ziwengo ndi kusalolera kwa chinthucho.

Uchi komanso zopindulitsa za uchi zimakambidwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Kuphatikizika kwa uchi

Komabe, gawo la ma monosaccharides awa ndi kupukusa kwawo mosavuta, komwe glucose ndi fructose safunikira insulin. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe katundu pa kapamba. Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza ma monosaccharides sikutanthauza zida zowonjezera zam'mimba ndipo sikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya thupi. Fructose ndi glucose amazamwa mwachangu kwambiri, mosavuta komanso pafupifupi.

Ndiye kuti, zomwe zili mu "sumu" yoyera zomwe zimapangidwa mu amber ndizosagwirizana, chifukwa chake, sizingawononge thupi. Nthawi yomweyo, mchere wadzachilengedwe umakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo komanso shuga, omwe amatengeka mosavuta komanso mwachangu osadzaza chakudya chambiri.

4,3 Amino acid

Ma Amino acid ndi ma organic acid omwe mamolekyu awo amakhala ndi gulu limodzi kapena angapo a amino (magulu a NH 2). Ma amino acid ndi ma protein omwe amapanga mapuloteni. Mapuloteni amadyedwa ndi ma amino acid pakudya. Gawo lina la ma amino acid, limasungidwanso kukhala ma organic keto acid, pomwe ma amino acid kenako mapuloteni amaphatikizidwanso m'thupi. Oposa 20 amino acid amapezeka mwachilengedwe.

Ma amino acid amatengedwa kuchokera m'mimba ndipo amalowa m'magazi ndi ziwalo zonse, komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mapuloteni ndipo amasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana.

Ma amino acid omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chakudya amagawidwa m'malo osasinthika komanso osinthika. Amino acid zomwe zimatha kusinthidwa zimatha kupangika m'thupi la munthu. Ma amino acid ofunikira sanapangidwe m'thupi la munthu, koma ndi ofunika kwa moyo wabwinobwino. Ayenera kumizidwa ndi chakudya. Kusakhalapo kapena kusowa kwa ma amino acid kumabweretsa kukula kwakukulu, kuchepa thupi, kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, komanso kusakwanira - kufa kwa thupi.

4.4 Zinthu zomanga thupi za uchi

Ngakhale kutsika kochepera, zinthu zomanga thupi ndizofunikira kwambiri mu uchi, popeza ambiri a iwo ndi ma enzymes. Kumbukirani kuti kuthamangitsa zamankhwala am'kati, pamafunikira kuchuluka kwa enzyme kumene. Ma Enzyms ochokera ku chomera amalowa mu uchi ndi timadzi tating'ono ndi mungu., Ma Enzymes ochokera ku nyama ndi omwe amapangidwa ndi njuchi zakumaso za njuchi. Kuphatikizika kwa uchi kunawululira ma enzyme oposa 15. Zina mwazo ndi kusokoneza, diastase, oxidase wa glucase, catalase, phosphatase.

Invertase (invertine, sucrose, beta-fructosidase) imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga uchi kuchokera ku timadzi tokoma. Zimatchula ma hydrolases, gulu la ma enzymes omwe amawononga mankhwala opangira mankhwala powonjezera kapena kuwamwetsa madzi. Imaphwanya sucrose ndi zovuta zina zopanga ma sodium mu monosaccharides, chifukwa chomwe inverated shuga (fructose ndi glucose) predominates mu uchi. Pochepa, amabwera ndi timadzi tokoma, koma timapangidwa makamaka ndi tiziwisi tambiri ta njuchi.

Diastase (alpha ndi veta-amylase) amathandizira kuwonongeka kwa wowuma, dextrins ndi maltose disaccharide kwa glucose, ali ndi mbewu komanso nyama. Popeza njira zodziwira diastase ndizopezeka mosavuta kuposa njira zopangira ma enzyme ena, imaweruza kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes mu uchi ndi mtundu wa uchi ngati mankhwala othandizira pochizira. Kuphatikiza apo, diastasis pokhudzana ndi nyengo zoyipa ndizomwe zimakhala zokhazikika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma enzyme ena a uchi. Kuchuluka kwa diastase mu uchi ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha uchi ndipo amawerengedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa diastase. Chiwerengero cha diastase ndi chofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa milliliters a 1% wowuma, omwe amawola mu ola limodzi ndi diastase. Nambala imeneyi imayeza m'zigawo za Gote. Mililita imodzi yothetsera wowuma imagwirizana ndi gawo limodzi la Gotha. Chiwerengero cha diastase chimasiyana kwambiri - kuchokera 0 mpaka 50 mayunitsi. Gotha.

Malinga ndi GOST 19792-2001, nambala ya diastase (yopuma kwathunthu) ya uchi wachilengedwe iyenera kukhala osachepera 7, chifukwa cha uchi wokhala ndi mthethe yoyera osachepera 5.

Mu thupi laumunthu, diastases imapezeka kwambiri pamasamba momwe amapangira mawonekedwe amtundu wa alpha-amylase m'matumbo a kapamba, ngati, mwachitsanzo, mkate umatetemera kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye umakhala wokoma, chifukwa wowuma amasinthidwa kukhala shuga ndi ptyalin.

Kodi mu uchi mumakhala shuga zochuluka motani?

Malangizo obwezeretsa shuga ndi uchi wachilengedwe mu zakumwa ndi kuphika ndi amodzi mwa malangizo omwe amapezeka nthawi zonse azakudya zoyenera. M'malo mwake, uchi wachikhalidwe umadziwika kuti ndiwo imodzi mwazakudya zabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, tonse tili otsimikiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito uchi kuli kofunika kwambiri pochiza chimfine komanso kukonza thanzi lathunthu.

Uchi kuti ulimbikitse chitetezo chokwanira

Zambiri zasayansi zikuwonetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zili mu uchi wachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, masisitere osowa omwe amapangidwa ndi njuchi zowonjezera) zimakhudza kapangidwe ka thupi ka ma anti anti-immunoglobulins omwe amakhudza chitetezo chathupi. Kuphatikiza apo, uchi uli ndi ma enzymes angapo omwe amagwira ntchito ya antibacterial - makamaka, inhibin (5).

Pazonse, izi zimatha kukhala ndi tanthauzo pochepetsa zizindikiro za chimfine -, pokhapokha ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito uchi wachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ngakhale uchi wapamwamba kwambiri sangathe kuchiritsa matenda kapena kulepheretsa chitukuko chawo - tikungolankhula zochepetsa zizindikiro za zilonda zapakhosi.

Zomwe uchi umakhala ndi: matebulo

Pafupifupi, 100 magalamu a uchi ali ndi 300-320 kcal (chiwerengerochi chingasiyane kutengera mtundu wina wa uchi), womwe umangokhala 10% kuposa momwe amapangira shuga wambiri. M'malo mwake, supuni ya tiyi ya uchi ndi ofanana ndi supuni ya shuga - onse awiri ali ndi 15-20 kcal. Mndandanda wa uchi wa glycemic ulinso pafupi ndi shuga wa tebulo loyera ndipo uli pafupifupi mayunitsi 65-70.

Zotsatira zake, uchi wa 80-85% umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya shuga. Fructose imakhala mpaka 40% ya uchi wonse, shuga - 30%, sucrose ndi mitundu ina ya shuga - 10%. Gawo 15% yotsalira ya uchi ndi madzi (1). Ndikofunikanso kuti mavitamini ndi microminerals (kuphatikiza zovuta za potaziyamu, calcium, sodium, manganese) ndizochepa zosakwana 1% za uchi. Palibe mafuta mu uchi.

Dziwani kuti uchi ulibe mavitamini ofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, uchi wa 100 g uli ndi pafupifupi 0,5 mg wa vitamini C (wocheperapo 1% ya mtengo watsiku ndi tsiku) - poyerekeza, lalanje limodzi limakhala ndi 85 mg ya Vitamini iyi. Mavitamini ena, monga vitamini B₆ ndi riboflavin, amapezeka mu uchi zazing'ono zochuluka.

Zambiri za microminerals mu uchi, kuphimba chizolowezi cha manganese tsiku lililonse zimayenera kudya pafupifupi 2.5 makilogalamu a uchi, kuphimba zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse chitsulo - zopitilira 5 kg. Chiwerengero cha michere ndi mavitamini ena ndiwokwera kwambiri ndipo amatha kufikira 20 kg. Mwanjira ina, uchi uli ndi mavitamini ndi mchere wambiri.

Uchi mu mankhwala wowerengeka

Ayurveda ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe amalimbikitsa uchi wachilengedwe, makamaka ngati njira yowongolera kukoma ndi kutsekemera kwa zitsamba zowawa pakuphatikizika kwa decoctions zochizira chimfine ndi matenda a kupuma. Supuni ya tiyi ya ashwagandha ufa, brami kapena zitsamba zina zamankhwala zimasakanizidwa ndi kapu yamadzi kapena mkaka, kenako supuni ya tiyi ya uchi imawonjezeredwa (2).

Padera, zimanenedwa kuti ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito uchi womwe sunayatsidwe (osanenapo kuwira) - mwanjira ina, malinga ndi Ayurveda, uchi "umakhala poizoni." Tsoka ilo, uchi wambiri kuchokera ku sitolo wamba amagulitsa ndikuwotcha njira kuti apange mgwirizano wofanana komanso kuti achotse shuga omwe amapezeka kale.

Zakudya zomanga thupi mu uchi

Zoposa 75% zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi shuga. Ndipo uchiwo utayima pang'ono, zomwe zili zawo zitha kukwera mpaka 86%. Mashuga onse ndi chakudya chamafuta, omwe ndi gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu mthupi la munthu ndipo amathandizira pochita zinthu zambiri zamitundu mitundu. Kukoma kwa uchi ndi kufunika kwake kwa zakudya zimatengera zinthu izi.

Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amaganiza za uchi wopangidwa ndi chakudya. Ndipo kapangidwe kake kamitundu yoposa 40 ya mashuga. Ambiri a fructose ndi glucose, ndizothandiza kwambiri. Zakudya zamafuta izi zimapereka kutsekemera kwa uchi. Amamezedwa mwachangu kwambiri kuposa shuga wamba, osafuna insulin yopanga. Fructose imakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri. Kwambiri, uchiwo pambuyo pake umakomedwa ndipo umakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, uchi uliwonse umakhala ndi sucrose (osapitirira 10%), komanso maltose, dextrins ndi shuga wina. Koma kuchuluka kwawo ndikochepa. Uchi wocheperako wokha, wopangira njuchi zomwe zimadyetsedwa makamaka ndi madzi, umatha kukhala ndi shuga wambiri.

Uchi kapena shuga - wathanzi?

Madokotala ndi akatswiri azakudya amalankhula za maubwino azakudya zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangidwira mankhwala opatsirana ngati mankhwalawa amathandizidwa kuti azichiza matenda ambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kubwezeretsa komanso kuvulaza anthu atadwala kwambiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira pakudya.

Mwanjira zonse, chinthu cha njuchi chimatha kupereka zovuta ku "poizoni" woyera. Tiyeni tiwone zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zili zoyenera kusinthanitsa shuga ndi uchi.

Uchi pochizira chimfine

Monga taonera pamwambapa, kafukufuku wasayansi amatsimikizira kuti uchi wachilengedwe umawonetsa chithandiziro pochiritsa chimfine (makamaka ngati choletsa kutsokomola), komanso mabala amtundu wa antibacterial komanso machiritso. Malinga ndi izi, phindu lalikulu pothana ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kupuma kwamatenda a uchi anali uchi womwe umapezeka kuchokera kuminda ya buckwheat (3).

Nthawi yomweyo, asayansi amawona payokha kuti samanena kuti uchi wonse uli ndi zofanana. Mwa zina, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti uchi wachilengedwe nthawi zonse umakhala ndi mungu, womwe ungagwire ntchito yolimba kwa anthu ambiri - ndikofunikira kukumbukira izi poyesa kuchitira ana kuzizira.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire uchi weniweni?

Apanso, tikukumbukira kuti phindu lomaliza la uchi nthawi zonse limatengera malonda ake. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugule uchi kwa omwe mumawapanga omwe mumawadziwa, kapena uchi wolembedwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Uchi wotsika mtengo kuchokera ku malo ogulitsira apafupi ndiwotheka kuti ungokhala wopangidwa kuchokera ku shuga ndi flavorings.

Kunyumba, njira yosavuta yosiyanitsira uchi weniweni ndi uchi wouma ndikuyiyika mufiriji - pamtunda wa madigiri 10 Celsius, uchi weniweni umayamba kulira. Ngati izi sizinawonedwe, ndiye kuti uchiwo unathandizidwa kuti ukhale wowonjezera kutentha kapena ndi chinthu chongopanga.

Ngakhale kuti uchi uliwonse ndi shuga 80-85%, mu uchi wachilengedwe pali zinthu zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi antibacterial ndi immunomodulating katundu. Komabe, poyamba, zinthuzi zimatayika pakutentha ndi kukonza uchi, ndipo chachiwiri, sizitha kuchiritsa chimfine, koma zimatha kupulumutsa pang'ono kupweteka.

Uchi - mankhwala azakudya

Uchi uli ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa sucrose. Mu supuni imodzi yotsekemera yachilengedwe, mpaka zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira 64 zilipo, pomwe mu shuga yemweyo mulinso ma calories 46.

Komabe, malonda a njuchi ndi okoma kwambiri kuposa "mnzake". Pachifukwa ichi, ndizosatheka kudya kwambiri, mosiyana ndi shuga wamafuta, omwe amatha kudya popanda malire. Zotsatira zake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito njuchi, kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu kumakhala kotsika kuposa ndi shuga.

Nthawi yomweyo, uchi, wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa shuga, umapatsa thupi chakudya chochuluka, kufufuza zinthu ndi mavitamini, mosiyana ndi "m'bale" wake wokoma, yemwe alibe chilichonse chamtengo wapatali.

Zofunika! Kufunika kwa mchere wachilengedwe kumadziwika muzochitika za Ayurvedic, mankhwalawa agwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda ambiri, makamaka kunenepa kwambiri, kusabereka komanso kutaya mphamvu kwamphamvu.

Popewa matenda, kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira, kamvekedwe ka mphamvu, ndikokwanira kudya mpaka supuni 4 za amber timadzi patsiku. Supuni imodzi ndi yokwanira kwa ana. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a njuchi, kusungunula ndi kutentha (osatentha!) Tiyi kapena mkaka.

Kuchiritsa katundu wa uchi

Shuga lilibe chinthu chimodzi chofunikira komanso chopatsa thanzi kapena chothandiza, ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "dummy" chomwe chimatha kupatsa thupi zopatsa mphamvu komanso osabweretsa phindu lililonse.

Pomwe njuchi imapangidwanso ndi zinthu zofunikira komanso zofunika. Muli ndi ma amino acid ambiri, mchere, michere, mavitamini ambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, timadzi tokoma tokhala ndi mphamvu timatha kuchita bwino kwambiri mthupi, tili ndi mphamvu zamphamvu kwambiri zochiritsa:

• kuchiritsa bala
• zoziziritsa kukhosi
• odana ndi yotupa
• kubwezeretsa
• immunostimulatory.

Sessert yachilengedwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ambiri ndipo amathandizira pakhungu ndi ziwalo zonse. Palibe zodabwitsa kuti mu chipatala cha ku Tibetan "elixir wakale kwambiri wamoyo wamuyaya ndi unyamata" amadziwika, womwe ndi uchi. Kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi komanso moyenera (osapitirira 100 g patsiku) kumwa mankhwala achilengedwe kungalimbitse chitetezo cha mthupi, kupewa matenda, ndikulepheretsa kukalamba kwachilengedwe.

GI yotsika (glycemic index) ya uchi

GI ndi chidziwitso chofunikira cha momwe zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa zimakhudzira shuga. Ndipo kukwera kwa mndandanda wazakudya wa glycemic, kumakhala kochuluka kwambiri chifukwa cha kapamba, komwe kumapangitsa chidwi cha insulin kwambiri. Mahomoniwa amagwira ntchito ziwiri zofunika - amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose ndikuthandizira kuti muchepetse njira yosinthira mafuta kukhala shuga.

Mndandanda wamphamvu kwambiri wa zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri (mpaka kunenepa kwambiri), matenda amtima, mitsempha yamagazi, dongosolo la endocrine. Kukwera kwa GI, kumakhala kolemetsa kwambiri pazimalamba ndi thupi lonse.

Uchi umakhala ndi mitundu yotsika ya glycemic yamagulu 50-55. Pomwe shuga GIyo ndiwambiri kwambiri - 60-70.

Chifukwa cha chisonyezo chotsika cha glycemic, uchi ndi chinthu chotetezeka, sichimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Komanso, malonda a njuchi nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito ndi matenda awa, chifukwa amachepetsa kwambiri zizindikiro, amalepheretsa zovuta, ndikukulolani kuti muchepetse matenda. Mothandizidwa ndi mchere wotsekemera, mutha kuthana ndi mabala a matenda ashuga, omwe, mosiyana ndi kuvulala wamba, amachira pang'onopang'ono ndipo amatha kusinthasintha.

Inde, mlingo woyenera wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mankhwala omwe ali ndi shuga ayenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala.

Monga mukuwonera, mchere wachilengedwe umakhala wapamwamba kuposa shuga wamafuta mumtengo wake komanso zakudya. Chifukwa chake, yankho la funso loti "shuga atha kulowa ndi uchi" lidzakhala labwino. Mukapanga zina zotere, mudzakhala ndi thanzi lanu, mudzakhala ochepa thupi ndipo mutha kusangalala ndi kununkhira kwachilengedwe konunkhira komanso kowoneka bwino.

Kusankha kungatheke pokhapokha chifuwa, munthu asalole kuti njuchi ipangidwe kapena kukanidwa kwake. Muzochitika zoterezi, ngakhale zili zothandiza kwambiri ndi timadzi tokoma ta amber, ziyenera kusiyidwa.

Kuwonetsa uchi wapamwamba kwambiri: kuwulula shuga mkati mwake

Ngati mungasankhe kusinthanitsa ndi shuga wama granured nectar, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungasankhire uchi wapamwamba komanso 100% uchi. Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungadziwire chinthu chopanda thanzi, momwe mungadziwire shuga ndi zina zowonjezera za opanga osapanga uchi mu uchi. Poterepa, mungapewe mavuto obwera chifukwa chotenga “mchere” woterewu, womwe ungangotenga shuga, komanso thanzi lanu.

Tsoka ilo, kuwonjezera sucrose ku uchi sichachilendo. Wopanga wopanda pake amagwiritsa ntchito shuga kuti achulukitse kuchuluka kwa katundu ndikupangira chobadwa cha njuchi yachilengedwe, kuilima ndi manyuchi. Kutanthauzira "zabodza" sikudzakhala kovuta ngati mugwiritsa ntchito maqhinga angapo:

• Ndikofunikira kupera pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pakati pa zala. Ngati, kutikita timadzi tam'madzi tambiri, mutha kuona kuti ndi osasungunuka bwino, kusasinthika nkovuta kwambiri, zindikirani kuti izi ndi zotupa - ichi ndiubwino. Sessert yachilengedwe yachilengedwe imasunthidwa mosavuta, kwenikweni "imasungunuka" pakati pa zala ngakhale kulowa pansi pakhungu.
• Gwiritsani ntchito supuni. Iyenera kumizidwa mchidebe chokhala ndi amber product, kenako ndikukutulutsa pang'onopang'ono. Katundu wa njuchi yachilengedwe amayenda mosavuta kuchokera pa supuni, ndikupanga "zingwe" zowoneka bwino, zopanga uchi “pansi” pamwamba.
• Sankhani shuga ndi tiyi. Kuti muwone, timafunikira chakumwa chofooka chomwe mumayenera kumiza supuni imodzi kapena awiri a amber nectar, oyambitsa. Zopangidwa mwachilengedwe zopanda zodetsa zimasungunuka m'madzi osatira.

Uchi ndi chinthu chokoma komanso chofunikira, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ndizachilengedwe. Kudziwa zabwino zake pa shuga, kudziwa momwe mungapangire njuchi yotsika mtengo, mutha kusankha uchi wachilengedwe ndikupanga "alendo" patebulo lanu.

Zinthu zofunikira kufufuza ndi mchere

Asayansi atafufuza kuti uchi uli ndi chiyani, anapeza kuti mcherewo ndi wofanana ndi magazi. Zinthu zopitilira 40, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito, zimapezekanso. Amayang'anira zochitika zamanjenje, kagayidwe kachakudya, amakhudzidwa ndi kuyamwa kwa michere. Munjira zambiri, ndi mchere womwe umazindikira zabwino za uchi. Ngakhale mwa kuchuluka kwawo palibe ambiri aiwo - kuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 3.5%. Maminolo ambiri amapezeka mumtundu wamdima wa uchi.

Izi ndi zinthu zomwe uchi umakhala:

• koposa zonse mu izo ndi potaziyamu, yofunika kwambiri pantchito ya mtima ndi minofu, imakhudzidwa ndimachitidwe a metabolic,
• m'malo achiwiri a phosphorous ndikofunikira pakumanga minofu yamafupa ndi zamanjenje,
• palinso calcium yambiri mu uchi, popanda mafupa, mafupa ndi mano a munthu amatha mphamvu.
• chlorine amakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe kachakudya matenda,
• Sulfure amatsuka poizoni,
• magnesium ndiyofunikira pakugwira ntchito yamtima komanso kumanga minofu,
• chitsulo chimakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe ka okosijeni mthupi lonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, mkuwa, ayodini, cobalt, manganese, silicon, lithiamu, zinc, golide, molybdenum, bismuth ndi michere ina yambiri ilipo pankhaniyi.

Zambiri zamafuta awa ndi mavitamini. Amafika kumeneko kuchokera kumaluwa amaluwa ndi mungu. Ngakhale kuti zomwe zili zazing'ono ndizofunikira, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakufunika kwachilengedwe. Mavitamini amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika za metabolic, kuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira, kuchepa kukalamba, ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsanso minofu. Kwambiri, uchi uli ndi mavitamini a B, komanso ascorbic acid. Chiwerengero chawo chimasiyana malinga ndi mitundu. Ndipo mavitamini E ndi A sapezeka m'mitundu yonse.

Mapuloteni ndi Amino Acids

Popanga uchi, njuchi zimapangitsa kuti zizikhala ndi ma nitrogen osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale ndizoperewera (zosakwana 1%), ndizofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wa thupi. Mapuloteni opangira mankhwala awa ndi onse azomera, omwe amapezeka kuchokera kuzomera, ndi nyama - kuchokera mthupi la njuchi.

Kuphatikiza apo, uchi ndi omwe amapereka othandizira ambiri amino acid. Amapereka izi ngati fungo labwino komanso machiritso. Mwa amino acid omwe ali mu uchi, otchuka komanso othandiza ndi awa:

• lysine
• phenylalanine
• glutamic acid
• Alanine
• tyrosine
• tryptophan,
• methionine.

Enzymes ndi Acids

Ubwino wa uchi wachilengedwe umatengera kuchuluka kwa michere. Izi ndi mankhwala opanga mapuloteni omwe amathandizira kuthira kwa michere ndi njira zoyambira za metabolic. Kuphatikiza apo, michere ya uchi imathandizira kusasitsa. Amathandizira pakusintha mtundu, kuwonekera bwino komanso kachulukidwe, chifukwa chake ndikatentha, mankhwalawo amade, amakhala mitambo ndi mashuga. Michere yayikulu ya uchi ndi lipase, catalase, amylase, invertase. Amaswa sucrose, amalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa mchere.

Uchi umakhala ndi asidi chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ma organic ndi acids acids. Zambiri mwa izo zimakhala mkaka, ndimu ndi apulo. Palinso gluconic, presinic, oleic ndi ma acid ena. Pali ochepa mwa iwo omwe ali ndi mtundu wabwino, motero amangobweretsa phindu lokha. Koma mkaka, komanso uchi wothira, kuchuluka kwa acetic acid kumawonjezeka.

Zinthu zina

Mphamvu za kuchiritsa uchi zimafotokozedwanso ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zapadera, zomwe zochepa zimachiritsa thupi. Awa ndi alkaloids, nikotini, Quinine, tiyi kapena khofi. Amatha kuchepetsa ululu, kukhazikitsa dongosolo lamanjenje, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amtsempha wamagazi. Kuphatikiza apo, malonda awa amakhala ndi mafuta ofunikira, ma tannins, mankhwala osasunthika. Mankhwala othana ndi matenda a antimicrobial amapezekanso mmenemo, omwe ambiri amatha kupirira ngakhale mabakiteriya a anthrax, kamwazi kapena brucellosis.

Uchi umakhala ndi mitundu yachilengedwe yomwe imathandizira kamvekedwe ka thupi ndikulimbikitsa kukonzanso kwa minofu. Mulinso zinthu zonunkhira komanso zojambula bwino zomwe zimapereka mtundu ndi kununkhira kwa timadzi timeneti.

Uchi Woyera

Zomwe zimakhala, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amaganiza zogula zachilendo ngati izi. Nthawi zambiri, uchi umakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu, koma timadzi tating'ono tambiri titha kukhala owonekera. Ndipo ikakula, imasandulika yoyera. Uchi wotere ungapezeke kuchokera ku timadzi tating'ono ta mthethe, thukuta lokoma, lodzikongoletsa, linden, rasipiberi. Choyimira chopanda utoto chimawonedwa kukhala chofunikira kwambiri komanso chothandiza. Muthanso kupanga uchi wokhazikika woyera posakaniza ndi zakudya zamafuta.

Koma wotchuka kwambiri, makamaka wakunja, ndi uchi wokonzeka wokonzedwa. Kodi pamakhala chiyani? Nthawi zambiri, uwu ndi uchi wokometsedwa wokwapulidwa mu blender. Ngati mumenya kwa pafupifupi mphindi 30, imakhala ndi mtundu woyera komanso kusinthasintha kwa zonona. Mawonekedwe ake amakhalabe amodzimodzi, mitundu imangosintha chifukwa chakuwonjezera mpweya.

Koma pali mitundu ina ya uchi Woyera womwe mulibe michere yomwe uchi wachilengedwe umatchuka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, timadzi tokoma topangidwa ndi njuchi zomwe tinkadyetsa madzi a shuga.

Wokondedwa uchi

Zimakhala ndi chiyani? Kupatula apo, mtunduwu ndi wachilendo kwambiri kwa uchi. Zitha kukhala zachilengedwe. Chochita chotere chimapezeka ngati njuchi sizisonkhanitsa mungu kuchokera maluwa, koma poto - zotsekemera zotsekemera za mbewu. Uchi wokongola umakhala wobiriwira. Kapangidwe kake sikosiyana ndi masiku onse. Koma ili ndi michere yambiri, motero imawonedwa ngati yofunika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, uchi umatha kukhala wobiriwira ukasakaniza ndi phula. Pankhaniyi, antibacterial, machiritso a mabala ndi katundu wa immunostimulating amathandizidwa.