Kodi shuga yovomerezeka ndimwazi wamunthu ndi chiyani?

Glucose ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudya maselo amthupi. Kuchokera mmawuwo, kudzera mu zovuta zambiri zamomwe zimapangidwira, zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri moyo zimapezeka. Glucose amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a glycogen m'chiwindi, amamasulidwa ngati chakudya chokwanira sichikhala ndi chakudya.

Mawu oti "shuga wamagazi" siali azachipatala, m'malo mwake amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawu achikhalidwe, ngati lingaliro lakale. Kupatula apo, pali mashuga ambiri mwachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, fructose, sucrose, maltose), ndipo thupi limagwiritsa ntchito shuga wokha.

Momwe thupi limapangidwira m'magazi limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nthawi ya msana, msinkhu, chakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso nkhawa.

Magazi a shuga m'magazi nthawi zonse amadziwongolera okha: amawonjezeka kapena kuchepa kutengera zosowa. "Imayendetsa" dongosolo lovuta la pancreatic insulin, pang'ono, mahomoni a adrenaline - adrenaline.

Matenda a ziwalo izi amatsogolera pakulephera kwa kayendetsedwe kake. Pambuyo pake, matenda osiyanasiyana amatuluka, omwe poyamba amatchulidwa kuti ali ndi vuto la metabolic, koma pakapita nthawi amatsogolera ku ziwengo ndi ziwalo zamthupi.
Kuphunzira kwa shuga m'magazi a munthu ndikofunikira kuyesa thanzi, kuyankha kogwirizana.

Momwe shuga ya magazi imatsimikizidwira mu labotale

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumachitika mu chipatala chilichonse. Njira zitatu zodziwira shuga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• shuga oxidase
• orthotoluidine,
• Ferricyanide (Hagedorn-Jensen).

Njira zonse ndizogwirizana mu 70s ya zaka zapitazi. Amayesedwa mokwanira kuti adalirika, kuphunzitsa, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kutengera zomwe zimachitika ndi mankhwala. Zotsatira zake, mawonekedwe amtundu amapangidwa, omwe pa chipangizo chapadera chojambula zithunzi amawunika kukula kwake ndikuwamasulira kukhala mawonekedwe owonjezera.

Zotsatira zimaperekedwa m'mayunitsi apadziko lonse poyezera zinthu zasungunuka - mmoles pa lita imodzi ya magazi kapena mg mg pa 100 ml. Kutembenuza mg / L kupita mmol / L, chiwerengerochi chikuyenera kuchulukitsidwa ndi 0.0555. Mchitidwe wamagulu a shuga pakuphunzira ndi njira ya Hagedorn-Jensen ndiwokwera pang'ono kuposa ena.

Malamulo otenga kuyesa kwa shuga: magazi amatengedwa kuchokera pachala (capillary) kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha m'mawa mpaka 11:00 pamimba yopanda kanthu. Wodwalayo akuchenjezedwa pasadakhale kuti sayenera kudya maola eyiti mpaka khumi ndi anayi asanatenge magazi. Mutha kumwa madzi. Tsiku lisanafike kusanthula, simungadye kwambiri, kumwa mowa. Kuphwanya mikhalidwe kumeneku kumakhudza magwiridwe awunikidwe ndipo zitha kubweretsa malingaliro olakwika.

Ngati kusanthula kumachitika kuchokera ku magazi a venous, ndiye kuti zikhalidwe zovomerezeka zimakwera ndi 12%. Mitundu ya glucose m'matapillaries kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l, ndi Vienna kuchokera 3.5 mpaka 6.1.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali kusiyana pakumora pamene mutenga magazi athunthu kuchokera ku chala ndi mtsempha wokhala ndi plasma glucose.

Popanga maphunziro a matenda oyamba a anthu akuluakulu kuti adziwe matenda a shuga, World Health Organisation inapereka lingaliro lakuwonetsetsa malire omwe amapezeka kale:

• kuchokera chala ndi mtsempha - 5.6 mmol / l,
• mu plasma - 6.1 mmol / L.

Kuti mudziwe mtundu uti wa glucose womwe umagwirizana ndi wodwala wokalamba wazaka zopitilira 60, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusintha chizindikirocho pachaka pa 0.056.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer yosunthika pakudziyimira pawokha shuga.

Mchitidwe wothamanga wamagazi uli ndi malire komanso wotsika, umasiyana mwa ana ndi akulu, palibe kusiyana pakati pa jenda. Gome limawonetsa miyezo kutengera zaka.

Zaka za mwanayo zimakhala zofunikira: kwa ana mpaka mwezi, 2.8 - 4.4 mmol / l amadziwika kuti ndi wabwinobwino, kuyambira mwezi umodzi mpaka wazaka 14 - kuyambira 3.3 mpaka 5.6.

Kwa amayi apakati, 3.3 mpaka 6,6 mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndiabwinobwino. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa amayi apakati kumatha kuwonetsa matenda ashuga (latent), motero amafunikira kutsatira.

Kutha kwa thupi kuyamwa zinthu za glucose. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa momwe index ya shuga imasinthira mukatha kudya, masana.

Kuyesa kwa zotsatira zakufufuza

Mukalandira zotsatira za kusanthula, dokotala amayenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa glucose ngati: wabwinobwino, wapamwamba kapena wotsika.

Mkulu shuga amatchedwa "hyperglycemia."

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana a ana ndi akulu:

• matenda ashuga
• matenda a endocrine dongosolo (thyrotooticosis, adrenal gland matenda, acromegaly, gigantism),
• pachimake komanso matenda a kapamba (pancreatitis),
• zotupa zapachifuwa,
• matenda a chiwindi osachiritsika
• matenda a impso ogwirizana ndi kusokonezeka kwa msambo,
• cystic fibrosis - kuwonongeka kwa minofu yolumikizana,
• sitiroko
• myocardial infaration
• njira zotsatsira zomwe zimachitika ndi ma antibodies ku insulin.

Hyperglycemia imatheka pambuyo pokumana ndi mavuto, kulimbitsa thupi, kutengeka, ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu m'zakudya, kusuta fodya, chithandizo cha mankhwala okhala ndi mahomoni a steroid, estrogens, komanso mankhwala ophera khansa.

Hypoglycemia kapena shuga wochepa ndikotheka ndi:

• matenda a kapamba (zotupa, kutupa),
• khansa ya chiwindi, m'mimba, adrenal gland,
• kusintha kwa endocrine (ntchito yachepa ya chithokomiro),
• chiwindi ndi chiwindi matenda a chiwindi,
• poyizoni wa arsenic ndi mowa,
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo (insulin, salicylates, amphetamine, anabolics),
• mu makanda osabadwa ndi akhanda obadwa kumene kuchokera kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga,
• Kutentha kwambiri pa matenda opatsirana,
• kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali,
• Matumbo amatumbo ogwirizana ndi malabsorption a zinthu zopindulitsa,
• kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Kupeza njira zamagazi a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amatha kupezeka ngakhale atabisika mwa kuyezetsa magazi a shuga.

Kuzindikira kopanda kukayika ndi kuphatikiza kwa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi:

• mosasamala kanthu za kudya - 11 mol / l ndi apamwamba,
• m'mawa 7.0 ndi pamwambapa.

Pakuwunika kokaikira, kusapezeka kwa zoonekeratu, koma kukhalapo kwa zinthu zoopsa, kuyesa kwa kupsinjika kumachitika ndi shuga kapena kumatchedwa mayeso a glucose kulolerana (TSH), ndipo mwanjira yakale "shuga yokhotakhota".

• kuwunika kwa shuga osala kudya kumatengedwa ngati maziko,
• sakani 75 g ya shuga m'magalasi ndi kumumwetsa mkati (1.75 g pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya kulemera ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa ana),
• pendani mobwerezabwereza mu theka la ola, ola, ndi maola awiri.

Pakati pa kafukufuku woyamba ndi wotsiriza, simungathe kudya, kusuta, kumwa madzi, kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kusintha kwa mayeso: chizindikiro cha glucose musanatenge madziwo chimayenera kukhala chabwinobwino kapena chochepa. Ngati kulolerana kumavutikira, kusanthula kwapakatikati kumawonetsa (11.1 mmol / L mu plasma ndi 10,0 m'magazi a venous). Patatha maola awiri, mulingo wabwinobwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti glucose yemwe waledzera samamwetsa, amakhala m'magazi ndi madzi a m'magazi.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, impso zimayamba kudzipatsira mkodzo. Chizindikiro ichi chimatchedwa glucosuria ndipo chimagwira ngati njira yowonjezera ya matenda ashuga.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndimayeso ofunika kwambiri pakuzindikiridwa kwakanthawi. Zizindikiro zapadera zimafunikira ndi endocrinologist kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa magawo a insulin omwe angakulipire ntchito yopanda pancreatic ntchito. Kuphweka komanso kupezeka kwa njirazi kumathandizira kuyesa kuchuluka kwa magulu akulu.