Low Density Lipoproteins - LDL

Mu thupi la munthu, cholesterol (aka cholesterol) imagwira gawo lofunikira mu metabolism, ndi gawo limodzi la maselo amthupi ambiri. Komabe, magawo "abwino" ndi "oyipa" a chinthuchi amasiyanitsidwa, omwe amakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana paumoyo waanthu. Ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima, stroke akuwonjezeka.

Kodi ma lipoproteins apamwamba ndi otani?

Zambiri zimapangidwa ndi thupi m'chiwindi (pafupifupi 80%), gawo lotsala limagwera pakudya ndi chakudya. Cholesterol imathandizira pakupanga mahomoni, ma asidi a bile, ma cell membrane. Gawo lokha silisungunuka bwino m'madzimadzi, motero, michere yamapuloteni imapangidwa mozungulira, yomwe imakhala ndi apolipoproteins (mapuloteni apadera).

Pulogalamuyi imatchedwa lipoprotein. Mitundu ingapo ya mitundu yake imazungulira kudzera m'matumbo a munthu, zomwe zimasiyana chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapanga:

• VLDLP - kachulukidwe kotsika kwambiri ka lipoproteins,
• LDL - lipoproteins otsika,
• HDL - lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri.

Zotsalazo zimakhala ndi cholesterol yaying'ono, yomwe ili ndi gawo limodzi la mapuloteni. Ntchito yayikulu ya cholesterol ya HDL ndikuyendetsa cholesterol yowonjezera ku chiwindi kuti ikonzedwe. Mtundu uwu umatchedwa wabwino, umakhala ndi 30% ya cholesterol yamagazi. Kuchuluka kwa otsika osalimba a lipoprotein pamwambapa kumakwiyitsa mapangidwe a cholesterol, omwe, akaphatikizidwa m'mitsempha ndi mitsempha, amatsogolera kugunda kwamtima, kugunda kwa mtima.

Kuyesa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, ndikofunikira kudutsa kuyesa kwa magazi komwe kumatsimikizira zomwe zili mu HDL ndi LDL. Kafukufuku woperekedwa mu kapangidwe ka ma kilogram. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzichita kwa anthu onse azaka zopitilira 20 osachepera nthawi iliyonse pazaka zisanu. Wodwala akalandira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, mankhwala, kuyezetsa magazi kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi kuti awone momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira.

Momwe angatenge

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol yokwanira kumafunikira kukonzekera asanaperekedwe. Kuti mupeze zizindikiro zoyenera, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:

• mpanda uyenera kuchitika m'mawa,
• kuchepetsa zakudya zamafuta kwa masiku atatu isanachitike,
• chakudya chotsiriza chikuyenera kukhala maola 8 musanayesedwe,
• pewani kulimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika,
• kusiya kusuta osachepera mphindi 30 musanawunike.

Kuchiritsa

Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, zomwe zimakhala ndi triglycerides zomwe zimakhudza njira ya lipid, ndi HDL, LDL. Titha kunena kuti kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yabwino kumatsimikizira mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la mtima. Mtengo uwu umatchedwa index ya atherogenic kapena coeffanele. Kupanda kutero, pali mndandanda wazowonetsa za kuchuluka kwa LDL ndi HDL m'magazi a akazi ndi amuna amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana:

LDL cholesterol, mmol / l

HDL cholesterol, mmol / l

Momwe mungadziwire mulingo wa LDL?

Kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri, wodwalayo ayenera kupanga mbiri ya lipid, zomwe ndi magazi a venous. Kusanthula kumeneku sikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa LDL kokha, komanso zofunikira zina pakuwunika kagayidwe ka lipid m'thupi ndi chiwopsezo chakukulitsa ma pathologies amitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima. Makamaka, kuchuluka kwa atherogenicity kumawerengedwa, komwe kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa HDL kupita ku LDL m'magazi ndipo kutengera izi kumawonetsa kuwopsa kwa kusintha kwa mitsempha ya atherosselotic.

Wodwala ayenera kudziwa kuti musanawunikenso, simungathe kudya zakudya zamafuta kwambiri tsiku limodzi, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Chakudya chotsiriza musanapereke magazi kuti muyezetse ziyenera kukhala zosachepera maola 12, koma osaposa maola 14. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ena kungasokonezenso zotsatira za mbiri ya lipid, chifukwa chake, funsoli liyenera kukambidwa ndi adotolo omwe amatumiza ku phunziroli ndikuwonetsa mankhwalawa komanso mlingo wake womwe wodwala akutenga pakadali pano.

Kuyesa kwa LDL m'magazi

Ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri amakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, popeza LDL ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri la cholesterol. Chifukwa chake, pophunzira mawonedwe a lipid a wodwala wina, madokotala amalabadira kwambiri chizindikiro ichi. Mukamawunikira, mawonekedwe amunthu amathandizidwa, chifukwa chake, m'magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu, zomwe zimasintha LDL komanso kupatuka kwawoko kumasiyana pang'ono.

Chifukwa chake, kwa wodwala wazaka 20-35 popanda ma pathologies a mtima ndi chidziwitso chachilengedwe chamthupi, kuwunika kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" m'magazi kumawoneka motere:

Mwachilengedwe, milingo ya LDL, yomwe imafotokozedwa ngati yapamwamba kapena yapamwamba kwambiri, imabweretsa ngozi yathanzi. Pankhaniyi, kuwongolera mwachangu kumafunika, komwe wodwala amamulembera mankhwala ndipo amalimbikitsidwa kusintha moyo wawo. Ngati kuchuluka kwa chiwonetsero cha LDL ndichipamwamba kuposa 4,14 mmol / l, pali kuthekera kocheperako kwa lumen ya ziwiya ndi chitukuko cha atherosulinosis. Ngati chizindikiro chikaposa 4.92 mmol / L, kuthekera uku kumachulukanso.

Nthawi zina, kuchitapo kanthu kwakukulu sikofunikira, muyenera kungosintha zakudya zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Chifukwa chake, LDL imatsika pansipa yovuta kwambiri ya 4.92 mmol / L imadziwika ndi madotolo pazosankha zoyenera, popeza chizindikiro cha "choyipa" cholesterol chomwe chili pamtunda wa 4,14-4.92 mmol / L chikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha machitidwe a moyo kapena zikhalidwe.

Low Density Lipoproteins: Mwachizolowezi

Mpaka nthawi ina, amakhulupirira kuti m'munsi muloproteins otsika kwambiri, ndibwino. Koma pakupita maphunziro ambiri, zidatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati mulingo wa LDL udatsitsidwa, izi zitha kuwonetsanso kayendedwe ka thupi m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, machitidwe ena amakhazikitsidwa - chikhalidwe cha lipoprotein yotsika m'magazi, chomwe chimadziwika ndi lipid metabolism m'thupi ndikuwonetsa chiopsezo chochepa chotengera mtima.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti cholesterol ya LDL mwa akazi ndi amuna ndiyosiyana pang'ono. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mahomoni, omwe amawoneka mu kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi.

Zaka za wodwalayo, kupezeka kwa anamnesis ake matenda ena (makamaka zamtima kapena zam'mitsempha yamagazi), kulemera, kudya kwa mankhwala ena ndi zina zomwe zimakambidwa payekhapayekha ndi adokotala amaphatikizidwanso.

Gome lotsatirali likuwonetsa cholesterol "yoyipa", ndiye kuti LDL ya akazi amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana:

Kwa amuna, lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri, zomwe zili mu zotsatirazi (kutengera zaka):

Ndi zaka, kupanga cholesterol ndi chiwindi kumachuluka, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni komwe kumachitika mthupi la abambo ndi amayi pambuyo pa zaka 40. Chifukwa chake, mulingo wovuta wa LDL ukusunthidwa kumtunda. Koma patatha zaka 70, njira zama metabolic sizingagwiritsidwenso ndi mphamvu yotere ya mahomoni, ndiye kuti cholesterol "choyipa" chimakhala chofanana ndi cha achinyamata.

Wodwala akapezeka ndi mavuto a mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, kapamba, ali pachiwopsezo cha CVD, kapena ali ndi cholesterol yambiri m'magazi ake, ndiye kuti ayenera kuyesetsa kuti achepetse malire a LDL - osakwana 3 mmol / l. Malangizo omwewo amagwiranso ntchito kwa odwala omwe adayamba kale kudwala matenda a mtima pamaso pa cholesterol yayikulu. Odwala otere ayenera kulembetsa ndi cardiologist ndikuwonetsetsa kawirikawiri magazi a cholesterol.

LDL imakwezedwa m'mwazi

Kwa akazi, mulingo wa lipoprotein m'magazi ndiwokwera kuposa 4.52 mmol / L ndipo kwa amuna omwe ali pamwamba pa 4.92 mmol / L amawoneka kuti ndi okwera kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwala wokhala ndi zizindikiro zotere ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yotsika m'magazi nthawi zambiri kumakhala njira yolakwika kapena matenda a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe. Chifukwa chake, zoyipa zomwe zimachitika pakukula kwa thupi ndi izi:

• Zakudya zopanda thanzi: kudya pafupipafupi zakudya zamafuta, zakudya zopatsa mafuta ambiri ndi mafuta ambiri (tchizi zolimba, nyama yofiyira, mafuta anyama, confectionery, kirimu, makeke) "Choipa" cholesterol m'mwazi,
• moyo wongokhala: Hypotension imasokoneza machitidwe ambiri mthupi, kuphatikiza kupanga mahomoni, ntchito yamtima. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kuchepa kwa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa kupanga lipoprotein yapamwamba komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi LDL,
• kunenepa: ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga matenda a mtima, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" m'magazi. "Zambiri" zamafuta pamimba, ndizowopsa kwambiri.
• Mankhwala: Mankhwala ena amatha kuyipitsa mbiri ya lipid, ndiye kuti, amachepetsa cholesterol "yabwino" ndikuwonjezera "oyipa". Mankhwalawa akuphatikiza anabolic steroid, corticosteroids, kulera kwa mahomoni ndi ena,
• chibadwidwe: matenda aumatenda monga banja hypercholesterolemia amabadwa ndikuwonjezera mafuta m'thupi.

Miyezi yambiri ya LDL m'magazi - hyperlipidemia - imayamba chifukwa cha matenda oopsa:

1. Matenda a Endocrine: kusagwira bwino kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, England.
2. Hypothyroidism
3. Matenda kuwonongeka kwa mafuta kagayidwe.
4. Anorexia Nervosa.
5. Matenda a shuga.
6. Matenda a chiwindi ndi impso, osalephera aimpso.
7. Matenda oopsa.
8. Miyala kapena kupsinjika mu ndulu.
9. Vuto loyipa lodziwika mu kapamba kapena ndulu ya prostate mwa amuna.
10. Cushing's Syndrome.

Chifukwa china chofunikira chakuwonjezeka kwa milingo ya LDL ndikuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi, kamene kamakhudzana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa maselo amthupi omwe amapanga magazi osiyanasiyana. Cholesterol yomwe imapangidwa ndi chiwindi sichimaperekedwa minofu ya mthupi, koma imangokhala pa endothelium ya mtima, ndichifukwa chake chiwindi chimayamba kupanga cholesterol m'miyeso yayikulu kwambiri.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti cholesterol yochulukirapo "yayikulu ndichizolowezi chathupi cha amayi apakati, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwamahomoni m'thupi nthawi imeneyi.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha LDL yayikulu ndi chiani?

Lowensens lipoproteins ndiye gawo laling'ono kwambiri la lipids m'magazi, kotero pamlingo wawo wokwera pamakhala ngozi yotenga matenda amitsempha ndi mtima, makamaka atherosclerosis. Mwa odwala, matenda a cerebrovascular, kusintha kwa mapangidwe a mtima ndi zina zazikulu za matenda amawonedwa pafupipafupi, kupewa momwe chithandizo chofunikira chikufunikira.

Kapangidwe ka chitukuko cha zotsatira zonse za cholesterol yayitali "yoipa" ndizofanana: cholesterol imakhazikika pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi m'magulu a ma cell, pomwe mitsempha yama coron imakhudzidwa makamaka. Zolemba zoterezi zimakula kukula ndikulepheretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, motero zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo ndi machitidwe a thupi.

Choopsa chachikulu chowonjezeka cha cholesterol chonse ndi LDL makamaka chagona kuti munthu sangathe kudziwa ma pathologies poyambira njirayi, popeza nthawi zambiri zimachitika. Chifukwa chake, patatha zaka 30, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti pachaka azitenga mbiri ya lipid. Wodwalayo akagwera m'gulu langozi (cholowa, kuchuluka kwa thupi), kuwunika koteroko kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi monga momwe wodwala akuwonekera.

Chizindikiro chovuta cha LDL chitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zochitika zotsatirazi:

1. Kusintha kwa atherosulinotic pamtima. Pankhaniyi, pali zizindikiro za angina pectoris, pomwe thupi sililandira kuchuluka kwa mpweya chifukwa chogwira ntchito bwino.
2. Matenda a mtima. Ili ndiye vuto lomwe limapezeka kwambiri ndi cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi. Ngati muchepetsani nthawi, mutha kupulumutsa thanzi la mtima komanso kupewa matenda amtima. Choopsa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa LDL kwa amayi panthawi ya kusintha kwa thupi, pamene kusintha kwakukulu kwa mahomoni kumachitika m'thupi lawo. Cholesterol imayikidwa kwambiri pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima. Chifukwa chake, amayi atatha zaka 45 ayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi ndi cardiologist ndikuyesa mayeso ofunikira.
3. Matenda amitsempha yamagazi. Izi zitha kuthandizidwanso ndi wodwala iyemwini: mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi pakumva ululu wambiri, ngakhale kupweteka kumachitika. Chizindikiro ichi chimalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'magawo ake enieni chifukwa choboweka m'matumbo awo ndi cholesterol plaque.
4. Kuchepetsa magazi kuubongo. Ndi kusweka ndi kusoka kwa cholesterol kuchokera ku LDL, mitsempha yaying'ono yaubongo imachepa kwambiri, ndipo yayikulu ikhoza kutsekedwa ndi cholesterol plaques. Kuchita koteroko muubongo kungayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa magazi, komwe kumakhala kukuwonekera chifukwa cha kanthawi kochepa.
5. Kuchepetsa lumen ina yam'mimba ina ya thupi (aimpso, mesenteric) kumayambitsanso zovuta zina. Chifukwa chake, kusokonezeka kwa magazi m'mitsempha ya impso kungayambitse aneurysm, thrombosis kapena stenosis.
6. Pachimake m`mnyewa wamtima infarction ndi ubongo kugunda. Zonsezi ziwiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikupanga kwa magazi okwanira omwe amatchinga kwathunthu magazi kupita ku mtima kapena ubongo.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti cholesterol plaque ikhoza kutuluka nthawi iliyonse ndikutseka chida kapena chotengera, chomwe chimatsogolera kuimfa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muziwona ndikukhala mulingo wa cholesterol m'magazi (makamaka, LDL) pamalire oyenera.

Momwe mungachepetse LDL m'magazi?

Kuti mukwaniritse izi, muyenera kuyandikira vutoli mokwanira, poganizira zomwe zimachitika mthupi. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa metabolidi ya lipid m'thupi, ndiye kuti, kutsitsa LDL ndikuwonjezera HDL. Kuti muchite izi, tsatirani malangizo a madokotala otsatirawa:

1. Masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zapakati - izi zikutanthauza kuthekera kwa wodwala aliyense payekhapayekha, ndiye kuti, wina amalimbikitsa kuthamanga tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40, pomwe ena amangololedwa mphindi 40 zokha pa liwiro labwino. Choyimira chachikulu pakuyesa "kusinthika" ndiko kuchuluka kwa mtima: pakulimbitsa thupi, sikuyenera kukwera ndi zoposa 80% chazowonetsa.
2. Zakudya zoyenera. Idyani zakudya m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, koma pafupipafupi. Pewani mafuta, zonunkhira, zakudya zamzitini, zakudya zopakidwa, mafuta onse komanso mkaka, mazira, mafuta a nyama, tchizi, makeke, maswiti.Chitani zokonda pa malonda omwe ali ndi index yotsika ya glycemic, mbewu monga chimanga, masamba abwino, zipatso ndi zipatso, mkaka wopanda mafuta, nsomba zam'nyanja, nyama yochepa mafuta, tiyi wobiriwira. Lero kwakhazikitsidwa kuti pali zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zingapangitse kuti cholesterol "yabwino" ndi "yoyipa" ikhale: adyo, soya, kabichi, maapulo, mapeyala, mtedza, mbewu, chimanga, mpendadzuwa. Kuti mukwaniritse kusintha kwa mapangidwe a lipid, muyenera kuchepetsa kunenepa. Malangizowa ndi othandizika makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi cholozera chowonjezera cha thupi. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol sizitha kusiyanitsidwa kwathunthu: izi zimatha kusokoneza njira za metabolic mthupi. Ndikwabwino kutsatira zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zomwe adotolo amayeserera.
3. Siyani kusuta ndi kusiya kumwa mowa. Zizolowezi zoyipazi zimapangitsa kuti makina a zinthu zomwe LDL ziwonongeka m'magazi, chifukwa chomwe mpweya umatsalira pamakoma a ziwiya, ndipo cholesterol malo amayamba.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zomwe zimayambitsa, zomwe zingayambitse kuti ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri amawonjezeka: izi zitha kukhala zinthu ziwiri zopatsa thanzi (kuvutitsidwa kwa zakudya zamafuta, kusagwira ntchito), ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafunika chithandizo chapadera.

Ngati njira zomwe zafotokozedwazo sizikupereka tanthauzo lenileni, dokotala wamtima adzapereke chithandizo chapadera pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Mu zovuta mankhwala akhoza zotchulidwa:

• ma statins
• mafupa
• nicotinic acid
• zakudya zopatsa thanzi zophatikizidwa ndi omega-3 fat acids,
• cholesterol mayamwidwe zoletsa,
• otsatizana a bile acid.

Kumwa mankhwala osakanikirana ndi mankhwala omwe tafotokozawa kumachepetsa mulingo wa LDL m'magazi ndikupangitsa matenda a metabolism kulowa mthupi. Ngati, mukalandira chithandizo, malangizo oyambira amoyo wathanzi amatsatiridwa, mwina kupezeka kuti cholesterol ilibe malire popanda mankhwala.

LDL yatsitsidwa

Miyezo ya LDL ikakwezeka, nthawi zonse zimakhala zowopsa kwa madokotala komanso odwala omwe, omwe amadziwa zoopsa za cholesterol yayikulu. Koma ngati chizindikirochi chili pansipa, kodi ndikoyenera kuda nkhawa kapena kodi zotsatira zoyesedwa sizingalephereke?

Ngati LDL ndi yotsika kuposa 1.55 mmol / L, dokotala wodziwa bwino nthawi zonse amakupatsani mayeso owonjezera ndikukutumizirani kuonana ndi akatswiri angapo owerengeka kuti mupeze matenda ena omwe sagwirizana ndi metabolism yamafuta m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, mwa wodwala wochepetsedwa osachulukitsa lipoprotein, matenda otsatirawa atha kupezeka:

• kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• matenda a chiwindi
• khansa ya chiwindi,
• myeloma
• kulephera kwa mtima
• Matenda owopsa a m'mapapo, nthawi zambiri amasinthasintha zimakhala
• Matenda a Raynaud
• kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala,
• matenda olowa (pachimake), mwachitsanzo, nyamakazi,
• pachimake matenda opatsirana, sepsis, magazi poyizoni.

Potsirizira pake, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawu otchulidwa, omwe amakhumudwitsa wodwalayo panthawi kuti akaonane ndi dokotala.

Kuphatikiza apo, mwa wodwala wokhala ndi LDL yotsika m'magazi, zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika: hyperthyroidism, hypobetaproteinemia, kuchepa kwa alpha: alpha lipoproteins, lipoprotein lipase, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, abetaproteinemia.

Chifukwa chosavulaza kwambiri chomwe chikutsogolera kuchepa kwa LDL chitha kukhala chakudya choperewera bwino m'zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri komanso mafuta m'thupi. Potere, adokotala adzavomereza kusintha kadyedwe: awerengera zovomerezeka za zinthu zokhala ndi mafuta a kolesterol omwe amafunika kudya tsiku lililonse, poganizira zakudya zomwe zimachitika.

Madokotala amayenera kuthandizidwa pokhapokha ngati ma LDL akukwezedwa, komanso ngati cholesterol choyipa chimakhala chabwinobwino. M'milandu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri, pamakhala chiopsezo chakuti wodwalayo apanga kale matenda ena omwe amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu.

Kukhathamira kwa atherogenic kunachuluka

Malingaliro oterowo, akaphatikizika, akuwonetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtima, cholesterol plaque, kufupika kwa lumen ya mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imayambitsa stroke, kugunda kwa mtima. Mwanjira iyi, cholesterol yoyipa imapambana "zabwino". Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa atherogenic, chotsani HDL kuchokera ku cholesterol ya HDL yonse ndikugawa zotsatirazo ndi mulingo wa HDL. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero chiziwonjezeke ndi:

• matenda oopsa a chiwindi,
• cholowa
• kulephera kwa aimpso (aakulu),
• matenda ashuga
• cholestasis
• kutupa kosalekeza kwa impso, komwe kumabweretsa nephrotic syndrome.

Kukhathamiritsa kwa atherogenic kumachepetsedwa

Izi ndiye nkhani yabwino, pamenepa, chiopsezo chotenga cholesterol plaque, blockages, kugunda kwa mtima kapena stroko ndizochepa kwambiri. Izi sizikhala ndi phindu lililonse lokhudza matenda ndipo zikutanthauza kuti pali chowonjezera cha cholesterol cha HDL, chomwe sichimabweretsa chiwopsezo ku thanzi la munthu. Pa chithandizo, nthawi zonse amayesa kubweretsa index ya atherogenic kuti ikhale yabwinobwino kapena kuchepetsa.

HDL chizolowezi

Chizindikiro chabwinobwino cha cholesterol yabwino sikokwanira. Mulingo wovomerezeka wa chidutswachi umasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo umatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha kwa munthu. Kuthekera kokulira kwa matenda amtima wamagetsi kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayenera kuphunziridwa payekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Cholesterol chotsika cha HDL chimayambitsa chiwopsezo cha atherosulinosis. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zambiri, mutha kuyesa kuwopsa kwa chitukuko mwa akulu mwa izi:

1. Kuthekera kwakukulu kokulitsa kwa atherosulinosis mwa amuna ku 10 mmol / L, mwa akazi - 1,3 mmol / L, osaganizira zofanana ndi izi.
2. Kuthekera kwapakati pa atherosulinosis mwa amuna kumakhala 1.0-1.3 mmol / L ndipo mwa akazi 1.3-1.5 mmol / L.
3. Kuthekera kotsika kwa atherosulinosis mwa anthu kudzakhala pa 1.55 mmol / L.

Momwe mungakulitsire cholesterol yabwino ngati HDL yotsika

Nthawi zosiyanasiyana, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi gawo lina la cholesterol ya HDL. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa kamodzi kokha sikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol “yokhazikika”. Izi zikusonyeza kufunika koyang'ana kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo nthawi zonse poopa kuwonjezeka. Kusintha kumatha kuchitika kwakanthawi kochepa, kotchedwa izi - kusinthasintha kwa cholesterol metabolism. Kuti muwonjezere HDL:

• kupatula corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, androgens,
• pewani zovuta
• tengani ma statins, michere, cholestyramine, phenobarbital, insulin, estrogenic.

Dziwani zambiri za LDL - momwe zimakhalira kusanthula.

Kodi cholesterol ya LDL ndi chiyani?

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chomwe chili mbali ya magazi. Ili ndi kapangidwe kake ngati mafuta. Kuphatikizika kwake kumachitika m'chiwindi. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kulowa mthupi ndi chakudya chochokera ku nyama.

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yamitundu iyi: General, LDL ndi HDL. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol amadziwika kuti "zovulaza." Kuphatikizika kwake m'magazi kudzatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zili plasma cholesterol.

Kukula kwa tinthu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, motero amatha kulowa mkati mwa makhoma a mitsempha yamagazi. Ndi kuchuluka kwa ndende, tinthuti titha kuyika pazenera, ndikupanga zolembera. Ndikovuta kuzichotsa m'thupi.

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za LDL cholesterol

Popeza mwaphunzira kuti ndi chiyani, muyenera kumvetsetsa ntchito za zinthu zoterezi. Ili ndi zolinga zingapo nthawi imodzi:

1. Amatenga nawo mbali pomanga ma membrane a khungu, imakhudza kuperewera kwawo.
2. Popanda icho, mapangidwe athunthu a mahomoni a steroid, monga estrogen, cortisol ndi ena, ndizosatheka.
3. Zimatenga nawo mbali popanga bile acid.

Kuchuluka komanso cholesterol wambiri kumawononga thanzi la chamoyo chonse. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi.

Zizindikiro zowoneka bwino

Mwa akazi, ndi chizolowezi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi:

1. Ali ndi zaka 20 - 60-150 mg / l.
2. Mwazosiyana kuyambira zaka 20 mpaka 30, mtengo wa 59-160 mg / l umadziwika kuti ndi wabwinobwino.
3. Kuyambira wazaka 30 mpaka 40 - 70-175 ml / l.
4. Mwa akazi kuyambira azaka 40 mpaka 50, mtengo wabwinobwino umakhala mulingo wa 80-189 ml / l.
5. Amayi opitirira 50 samakhala ndi nkhawa kuti ngati mlingo wake ungagwire 90-232 mg / l.

Kupatuka kuzizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi mwayi woganiza za thanzi lanu. Ndikofunikira kukayezetsa kuchipatala ndikuyang'ana kwa dokotala.

Kwa amuna, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya LDL kuli motere:

1. Ali ndi zaka 20 - 60-140 mg / l.
2. Kuyambira wazaka 20 mpaka 30 - 59-174 mg / l.
3. Ngati msinkhu wa bambo ndi kuyambira zaka 30 mpaka 40, ndiye kuti 80-80 mg / l.
4. Ali ndi zaka 40-50 - 90-200 mg / l.
5. Kwa amuna achikulire kuposa zaka 50, chiwerengero choyenera chimachokera ku 90 mpaka 210 mg / l.

Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, mbiri ya lipid imachitika. Uku ndikuyezetsa magazi komwe kumathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa magazi a lipoprotein.

Kodi chifukwa chiyani LDL cholesterol imakwezedwa?

Zomwe zimayambitsa cholesterol yayikulu zimakhala zosiyanasiyana. Munjira zambiri, zakudya ndi moyo wa munthu zimatenga gawo. Nthawi zambiri mitundu yonse ya ma pathologies amachititsa izi. Zina mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zingadziwike:

1. Kunenepa kwambiri Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kumwa mafuta ambiri ndi mafuta am nyama, zomwe zimapangitsa kulemera.
2. Choyipa. Nthawi zina, kupatuka koteroko kungatengeredwe. Gululi limaphatikizapo anthu omwe achibale awo adakumana ndi vuto la mtima kapena stroko.
3. Matenda a mtima ndi mtima.
4. Matenda a kapamba. Nthawi zambiri, shuga, kapamba ndi zotupa zoyipa zimakhala ndi zotsatira.
5. Kusokera mu ntchito ya chiwindi ndi impso.
6. Kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi chifukwa cha pakati.
7. Kuledzera komanso kusuta fodya.
8. Khalidwe labwino.

Ngati pali zovuta zotere, muyenera kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol. Ngati chidwi chake chikuwonjezereka, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.

Zoyenera kuchita ndi cholesterol yayikulu

Ngati cholesterol ya LDL imakwezedwa, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kumafunika. Kupanda kutero, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mafupa am'mimba, matenda a mtima, komanso mavuto ena azaumoyo. Pali njira zingapo zochepetsera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu izi:

• Choyamba, muyenera kuwunika zakudya zanu. Ndikosatheka kukana kwathunthu zakudya zamafuta. Koma ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono. Lowetsani zakudya zambiri zotsitsa mafuta m'thupi.
• Idyani zakudya zokhala ndi omega-3s. Mafuta oterowo amapezeka mu nsomba zam'madzi.
• Khalani ndi moyo wokangalika. Yambani kusewera masewera, yendani maulendo ambiri mu mpweya watsopano, kusaina dziwe. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa uliwonse. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi sizingothandiza kuchotsa lipoprotein otsika, komanso kupewa matenda ambiri.
• Ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa ikukwera kwambiri, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera. Nthawi zambiri, mabedi amagwiritsidwa ntchito - mankhwala omwe amatchinga ntchito ya enzyme yomwe imayambitsa kupanga cholesterol yoyipa. Mafayilo nawonso amagwira ntchito. Amathandizira kuphwanya LDL m'mwazi. Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala enieni komanso kuchuluka kwa mlingo wofunikira kungachitike pokhapokha pokhapokha ndi dokotala.

Kutsitsa lipoprotein wotsika kwambiri kudzakuthandizani kuthetsa mavuto azaumoyo ndikuwongolera kwambiri moyo.

Mfundo Zakudya

Maziko otheka kuchepetsa cholesterol m'magazi amakhala chakudya chamagulu. Unikani kaye menyu wanu. Chotsani zotsatirazi:

1. Mafuta a nkhumba.
2. Tchizi chamafuta.
3. Mayonesi ndi msuzi wozikira.
4. Zinthu zilizonse zotsiliza kupanga mafakitale.
5. Zopangira soseji.
6. Mitengo yamtambo, confectionery.
7. Mafuta onenepa.
8. Wowawasa zonona.
9. Kirimu.

Yesani kudya zamasamba ndi zipatso zambiri momwe mungathere. Nsomba zam'madzi amchere zimayenera kupezeka muzakudya. Zabwino ngati zingakhale nsomba kapena nsomba. Poterepa, idyani nsomba mu mawonekedwe owiritsa kapena ophika. Kuwotcha ndikwabwino.

Zotsatirazi zikuthandizira kutsitsa LDL m'magazi:

1. Tiyi yobiriwira. Kuphatikizika kwake kumaphatikizapo flavonoids, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi.
2. Tomato Muli ndi lycopene - chinthu chomwe chimachepetsa bwino mafuta m'thupi. Ndikokwanira kumwa magalasi awiri a madzi a phwetekere patsiku.
3. Mtedza. Popeza pazabwino zawo zonse amakhala okwanira pama calorie, amathanso kumudyera zochuluka osapitilira zidutswa 10 patsiku.
4. Kaloti. Kuti muchotse vutoli, ndikokwanira kudya kaloti ang'onoang'ono awiri patsiku.
5. Garlic. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri kuphatikiza ndimu. Kukonzekera mankhwala, muyenera kudutsa ndimu ndi chopukusira cha nyama. Kudya nyama yophika yophika kumathandiza kuchepetsa LDL komanso kuyeretsa makhoma a mitsempha yamagazi.
6. Mazira. Amadyedwa bwino m'mphika wowiritsa kapena kuphika amamu.
7. Selari Musanagwiritse ntchito, iyenera kukhala m'madzi otentha osaposa mphindi 7 ndikuwazidwa ndi nthangala za sesame.

Kutsatira malangizo osavuta awa kukuthandizani kuti mubwezeretsenso mafuta a cholesterol enieni. Zakudya zanu zizilimbitsa thupi.

Zomwe cholesterol yotsika imanena

Nthawi zina mukamayesedwa magazi amapezeka kuti LDL cholesterol imatsitsidwa. Izi ndizotheka pazochitika zotsatirazi:

1. Pambuyo pakusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali.
2. Khalani pamavuto.
3. Kukhalapo kwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi mawonekedwe osakhazikika.
4. Cystic fibrosis.
5. Hyperthyroidism
6. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni.
7. Matenda a m'mafupa.
8. Kupatuka mu chiwindi.
9. Matenda opatsirana mu mawonekedwe acute.

Kuti mubwezeretsenso kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, muyenera kudziwa kaye zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli ndikuwathetsa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukayezetsa kuchipatala.

Kodi kusanthula ndi kutanthauzira kwake ndikotani?

Njira yodziwika kwambiri yodziwira kuchuluka kwa LDL ndi mawerengedwa a Friedwald. Ndi njira yeniyeni, yomwe, lipoproteins yotsika imafotokozedwa ngati kusiyana pakati pa cholesterol ndi triglycerides, yogawidwa ndi 5.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kuyenera kuchitidwa kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu. Madzi ochepa ayeretsedwa.. Popeza chakudya chomaliza, osachepera 12, koma osadutsa maola 14 ayenera kudutsa.

Masabata angapo tisanawunike, ndikofunikira kusiya kumwa mankhwala aliwonse. Ngati izi ndizosatheka, koma ndikofunikira kulembapo mankhwala onse omwe atengedwe kwa katswiri, afotokozereni.

Kumwedwa kwaposachedwa kwamafuta ndi zakudya zokazinga, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zingapangitsenso chiwonetsero cholakwika cha cholesterol cha LDL poyesa magazi. Osatengera phunzirolo mwachindunji musanayambe kuphunzira.

Mulingo wokwezeka kwambiri wa LDL ukusonyeza kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a mtima komanso matenda a mtima. Kupatuka pang'ono kuzizwitsa kumawonetsa gawo loyambirira la matendawa.

LDL cholesterol ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chomwe chimayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi. Miyeso iyenera kutengedwa ngakhale pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pachikhalidwe.