Dongosolo Loyang'anira Magazi a shuga

Kafukufuku wa anthu omwe akudwala matenda ashuga amachitika malinga ndi zomwe adalimbikitsa. Munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi pazisonyezo izi:

Magazi a shuga amatha kuyezedwa ku chipatala, kuchipatala kapena kunyumba.
Mkulu wanu wama glucose omwe walimbikitsidwa Dokotala wanu adzakuthandizani ndi izi.

Kudziyang'anira wekha wamagazi ndi chida chofunikira pothandizira matenda anu a shuga. Kudziwa shuga wanu wamagazi kukuwonetsani momwe thupi lanu limayankhira ku regimen ya zakudya, ndandanda ya mankhwala, masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kupsinjika.

Kudziyang'anira nokha kumakuthandizani kuzindikira pamene magazi anu akwera kapena agwa, ndikuyika pachiwopsezo. Munthu yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga kuchokera pachala chokha. Kuti muchite izi, mufunika mita yamagazi chamagazi ndimizere yoyesera.

Njira yodziwira shuga wamagazi pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer:

• Ndikosavuta komanso kopweteka kuboola chala cham'manja mothandizidwa ndi cholembera chokhacho (mwachitsanzo, cholembera cha Penlet) ndi singano zosinthika zowonda kwambiri.
• Finyani dontho la magazi.
• Pang'onopang'ono, osafinya, ikani dontho loyeserera.
• Pambuyo masekondi 30-60 (onani malangizo opanga opanga mabala), dulani magazi owonjezera ndi chopukutira.
• Wunikani zotsatirazo pamlingo wofanizira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mita.

Pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi:

• Ndikulipidwa ndi matenda a shuga kawiri pa tsiku (pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola awiri mutatha kudya) 1 nthawi m'masabata 1-2 + zina zowonjezera,
• ngati mumamwa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga ndikutsatira zakudya zina kuphatikizapo masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse shuga wamagazi pafupipafupi, nthawi zambiri maola awiri mukatha kudya kuti mudziwe ngati mutha kuyang'anira shuga yanu,
• ngati muli ndi mankhwala a insulin, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi musanadye kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa insulin,
• Palibe kubweza, kuchuluka kwa nthawi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala,
• Kusintha kwa kadyedwe, nyengo, zochitika, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, pakudwala, mukusankha kuchuluka kwa insulini, kudziwunikira kuyenera kuchitika mpaka katatu pa tsiku:

Glycosylated hemoglobin

Kuwonjezeka kwa msana wa glycosylated hemoglobin (pamwambapa 6.5%) kumawonetsa hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa zofunikira). Kuwona kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated imachitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya (chotheka pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena mutatha kudya).

Pafupipafupi miyeso ya glycosylated hemoglobin:

• Mlingo Wam'mimbamo

Tsopano, lingaliro lovomerezedwa kwambiri ndikuti kutsimikiza kwa shuga mumkodzo pakuwongolera tsiku ndi tsiku sikugwira ntchito mokwanira.

Kuti mudziwe ngati mukufunikira kudziwa glucose mu mkodzo ndi zingwe zoyeserera, muyenera kudziwa gawo lanu la impso, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi momwe glucose amawonekera mkodzo.

Njira yotsimikizirira mkodzo wa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe za chizindikiro:

• Pezani mkodzo wamba wam'mawa (woyamba ndi wotsiriza kutsikira kuchimbudzi).
• Chizindikiro cha chingwe choyesera cha kudziwa glucose mu mkodzo chiyenera kumizidwa kwathunthu mumkodzo kwa osaposa 1 sekondi.
• Pambuyo pa kuchotsera, chotsani mkodzo wambiri kuchokera pachowunikira.
• Pakatha mphindi ziwiri kuchokera pomwe mzere umamizidwa, sankhani zamkati zomwe zili mkodzo pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu womwe wawonekera pambali ya chingwe cholumikizira.

Pafupipafupi kutsimikiza shuga mu mkodzo:

• Milingo ya ketone ya urin

Pokhala wopanda michere ndi / kapena insulin, thupi sililandira mphamvu kuchokera ku glucose ndipo liyenera kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta osungira m'malo mwa mafuta. Matupi a Ketone, zinthu zowola zamafuta amthupi, amalowa m'magazi, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kulowa mkodzo, komwe amatha kupezeka ndi strip yoyesa kapena piritsi yoyeserera.

Masiku ano, kuyesa kwa mkodzo matupi a ketone kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, mitundu iwiri kawiri (pambuyo poyambitsa kupsinjika). Ngati muli ndi shuga m'magazi a 14-15 mmol / L, urinalysis uyenera kuchitidwa kuti pakhale matupi a ketone. ngati mukukhala mita ya SmartScan kapena ya One Touch Basic Plus, mitayo imakumbutsaninso kuti mukuyenera kuwunikira ngati pakufunika kutero.

Njira yotsimikizirira mkodzo wa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe za chizindikiro:

• Pezani mkodzo wamba wam'mawa (woyamba ndi wotsiriza kutsikira kuchimbudzi).
• Miza kwambiri chikhazikitso cha gawo la mkodzo kosaposa 1 sekondi.
• Chotsani mzere woyeserera mu mkodzo, chotsani madzi owonjezera pazomwe zikuwonetsa.
• Pambuyo pa mphindi ziwiri kuchokera pomwe mzere umamizidwa, tsimikizani zomwe zili m'matumbo a ketone (mu mawonekedwe a acetoacetic acid) pogwiritsa ntchito muyeso wamitundu.

Pafupipafupi miyeso ya glycosylated hemoglobin:

Kuwongolera matenda a shuga

Kuyang'anira glycemia ndikofunikira kuti athe kudziwa matenda ake komanso kuwongolera shuga. Pakadali pano, pali njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zidziwike zizindikiro za shuga: kuyesa kwa glucose, kuyesa kwa glucose.

Magazi kuti aphunzire za kuchuluka kwa glycemic amachokera kwa chala, wodwala sayenera kudya chakudya osachepera maola 8 asanakudziwe.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumapangitsa wodwala kudya moyenera. Phunziroli limachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, onetsetsani kuti mwatha kusala kudya kwa maola 10, kusiya kusuta, kumwa mowa.

Madokotala amaletsa kuchita kusanthula, ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ali pampanipani wa thupi, izi zitha kukhala:

• hypothermia
• kuchuluka kwa matenda a chiwindi,
• nthawi yobereka
• njira zopatsirana.

Pamaso kusanthula, zikuwonetsedwa kuti mankhwala omwe amatha kuthana ndi shuga m'magazi amasonyezedwa: mahomoni, okodzetsa, antidepressants, njira zakulera, psychotropic zinthu.

Kuphatikiza pa njira zovomerezeka za labotale zowunika ma glycemia, zida zosunthira zamagazi kunja kwa chipatala zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kuwongolera shuga

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa momwe angalamulire magazi awo popanda kusiya nyumba. Pazifukwa izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugula chipangizo chapadera - glucometer. Zotsatira zomwe zapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho ndi zodalirika.

Ndi glycemia yokhazikika, kuwongolera shuga mu mtundu 2 wa shuga sikungakhale kokhwima, koma kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga sikungapeweke ndi matenda oyamba, kuwonongeka kwa impso chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Komanso, kuwongolera kwa glucose kumawonetsedwa kwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, glycemia wosakhazikika.

Mamita amakono a glucose amakono amatha kugwira ntchito ndi magazi ochepa, ali ndi diary yomangidwa momwe miyeso yonse ya shuga imalembedwera. Nthawi zambiri, kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola, dontho limodzi lamwazi ndilokwanira, mutha kuwongolera shuga la magazi nthawi iliyonse komanso kulikonse.

Komabe, muyezo wa glycemia kuchipatala ndizothandiza kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawoneka koyenera ngati kumasinthasintha pakati:

• kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / lita (kwa magazi a capillary),
• kuyambira 4.4 mpaka 6.6 mmol / lita (m'magazi a venous).

Manambala okwanira akapezeka kapena otsika kwambiri, tikulankhula za hypoglycemia kapena hyperglycemia, zoterezi ndizowopsa paumoyo waanthu, zimatha kukhumudwitsa, kutaya chikumbumtima komanso zovuta zina.

Munthu amene alibe matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi mavuto ena a shuga. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kuphulika kwa glycogen mu chiwindi, madipoziti mafuta ndi minofu yamafupa.

Shuga imatha kuchepa ngati munthu akusala kudya kwakanthawi, thupi limayamba kutopa, Zizindikiro zake zimakhala: kufooka kwambiri kwa minofu, kuletsa mayendedwe a psychomotor.

Hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia

Hyperglycemia iyenera kumvetsedwa ngati kuwonjezeka kwa glycemia, mkhalidwewu umapezeka pamene zotsatira za kusanthula zikuwonetsa manambala omwe ali pamtunda wa 6.6 mmol / lita. Pankhani ya hyperglycemia, amasonyezedwa kuyendetsa magazi mobwerezabwereza, kuwunika kumabwerezedwa kangapo mkati mwa sabata. Ngati zizindikiro zowonjezereka zikapezekanso, adokotala azikayikira matenda ashuga.

Manambala omwe akukhala kuyambira 6.6 mpaka 11 mmol / lita akuwonetsa kuphwanyidwa kwa ma carbohydrate, chifukwa chake, kuyesa kwina kwa glucose kuyenera kuchitidwa. Ngati kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa glucose wopitilira mfundo 11, munthuyo ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Wodwalayo amatchulidwa kuti azikhala ndi chakudya chokhazikika, chifukwa chogwira ntchito, mankhwalawa amalimbikitsidwa kuti achulukitse glycemia. Chithandizo chofananacho ndicholimbitsa thupi.

Chofunikira kwambiri kuti odwala matenda ashuga azilamulira shuga wawo mosavuta ndiye njira yoyenera, yomwe imaphatikizapo zakudya zosafunikira pafupipafupi. Ndikofunikira kupatula zakudya muzakudya:

1. wokhala ndi mndandanda wokwanira wamatenda,
2. chakudya chambiri.

Amawonetsedwa kuchotsa zopangidwa ndi ufa monga momwe mungathere, m'malo mwa mkate ndi chinangwa.

Hypoglycemia ndiye mkhalidwe wotsutsana, pamene shuga ya m'magazi imatsika kumagawo ovuta. Ngati munthu ali wathanzi, nthawi zambiri samamva kuchepa kwa glycemia, koma odwala matenda ashuga, m'malo mwake, amafunikira chithandizo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga wochepetsedwa zimatha kukhala: kusowa kwa chakudya chamagulu, matenda amtundu wa 2 matenda ashuga, kusakwanira kwa mphamvu ya m'thupi, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Komanso, mowa waukulu umatha kuchepetsa shuga.

Momwe mungasungire shuga wabwinobwino

Yankho lolondola kwambiri la kuthana ndi glycemic ndikukhazikika kwa chakudya, chifukwa shuga amalowa m'thupi kuchokera ku chakudya. Ndikokwanira kutsatira malamulo ena omwe samathandiza kuti asasokoneze kagayidwe.

Ndikofunika kudya sardines, nsomba, nsomba zotere zimakhudza metabolism chifukwa cha kupezeka kwamafuta acids. Kuti muchepetse mawonetseredwe a shuga amathandiza tomato, zitsamba, maapulo. Ngati munthu amakonda kudya maswiti, ndibwino kusankha chokoleti chakuda chachilengedwe.Uthalemba mndandanda wazakudya zotere pafoni, izi zikuthandizani kusankha zoyenera.

Pogwiritsa ntchito CHIKWANGWANI, kusintha kwa kagayidwe kabwino kazotheka kumatha kuchitika, potero kuchepetsa mwayi wa kusintha kwa glycemia.

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mwatsatanetsatane kumathandizira kutsindikiza kwa glycemia zizindikiro osachepera:

1. masewera olimbitsa thupi amamwa glycogen bwino,
2. shuga, yomwe imabwera ndi chakudya, sikukula shuga.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti shuga imakhudzanso moyo wina. Ngati mutsatira malangizowo, khalani ndi moyo wathanzi ndikuwongolera shuga, wodwalayo samadwala matenda oyanjana ndipo samamva bwino zomwe akuonetsa matenda ashuga. Kupewa kwina kungathandizire kupewa kutaya kwamaso mu shuga.

Kanemayo munkhaniyi akupereka zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Chofunikira

Kutha kuyang'anira matendawa ndikuwonetsetsa momwe odwala amathandizira tsiku ndi tsiku matenda ashuga adawonekera koyambirira kwa zaka 70 zapitazo. Choyamba Magazi a shuga m'magazi (zida zoyezera shuga wamagazi) anali ochepa komanso ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma adakwanitsa, popanda kuchoka panyumba, kuti aziwunika momwe alili.

Ngakhale iwo omwe amakhala akudziletsa nthawi zonse shuga wamagazi, Sizopweteka kusinthanso pafupipafupi - mpaka pamlingo glycated hemoglobin, yomwe imawonetsera (koma siyofanana nayo m'chiwerengero) kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi atatu apitawa. Ngati mfundo zomwe zapezeka ndizapamwamba kwambiri kuposa 7%, uwu ndi mwayi wowonjezera kuwunikira komanso kusintha njira yodziyimira pawokha kapena palimodzi ndi dokotala.

Kupatula apo, kukhala bwino, ngakhale kupatuka kwakukulu muyezo wamagazi m'magazi odwala matenda ashuga, kungakhale kwabwinobwino. Ndipo uku ndiko kunyenga kwakukulu kwa matendawa. Munthu akhoza kumva bwino osaganizira kuti ali patali ndi hypoglycemia (mkhalidwe wowopsa womwe umadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi 3.9 mmol / L, omwe ungayambitse kuphwanya kwa hypoglycemic ndi kutaya chikumbumtima).

Ndipo m'lingaliro ili, mawonekedwe a 80s omaliza omaliza a ma glucometer osunthika omwe amayeza mkati mwa masekondi ochepa, akatswiri amawerengera mozama ndi kupezeka kwa insulin. Ndi maonekedwe awo odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, sizinangowongolera mkhalidwe wawo, komanso kusintha kusintha kwa mankhwalawa omwe matendawa amatenga nthawi yayitali.

Mdziko lathuli, ma glucometer oyamba kunyamula anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo akhala othandizana ndi ambiri odwala matenda ashuga.

"M'mbuyomu, odwala athu amayenera kubwera ku labotale kamodzi pamwezi ndi kukayezetsa magazi ndi kuyesa mkodzo tsiku lililonse," akutero a Alexander Mayorov. - Ngati zotsatira za mayeserazo zinali zabwino, timakhulupirira kuti wodwalayo amakhala mwamtendere pazizindikiro zotere kwa mwezi, zomwe, zachidziwikire. Zoonadi, ndi matenda a shuga, zinthu zikusintha mosalekeza. Kutengera ndi zakudya, kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi m'malingaliro, etc. Mitsempha yamagazi a m'magazi imasunga kukumbukira kwawo zotsatira malinga ndi tsiku ndi nthawi ya muyeso. Popanda kuyang'anira shuga wa magazi nthawi zonse (nthawi zina pakati pausiku), odwala athu sangathe. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita bwino.

Ndani, motani, motani?

Kwa zaka zambiri akugwiritsa ntchito glucometer m'dziko lathu, akatswiri adziwa njira yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito shuga m'magazi odwala matenda ashuga, kutengera mtundu wa matenda omwe akudwala, mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe ali komanso zomwe akwanitsa kulandira.

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga 1, amadziwunikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amachitika kangapo patsiku 4 (musanadye chakudya chilichonse komanso usiku). Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuwona glucose pakati pausiku, mutatha kudya zakudya zosazolowereka, masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso (nthawi ndi nthawi) maola awiri mutatha kudya.

Mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa miyeso kumasiyana. Ngati wodwala amalandira insulin mu boma la jakisoni wambiri, ayenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi momwemonso odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 - osachepera kanayi pa tsiku. Ngati ili pamapiritsi ndi / kapena pokhapokha pobayira limodzi insulin yayitali, muyeso umodzi patsiku nthawi zosiyanasiyana masana ndikwanira. Ndipo pamapeto pake, ngati wodwala alandira zomwe zimatchedwa insulin zosakanikirana (zazifupi komanso zosakhalitsa mu botolo limodzi), ayenera kudziwunikira shuga wa magazi osachepera 2 pa tsiku nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Kuphatikiza apo, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2, amamwa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, ayenera kudzikonzera okha mbiri yoyeserera ya shuga, omwe ali osachepera 4 miyezo patsiku.

Zolinga zamagulu a glucose omwe muyenera kuthana nawo mukamadziwunikira ndi munthu payekha ndipo ayenera kukambirana ndi dokotala.

Zosankha zina

Kuphatikiza pa kudzipenda pawokha kwa shuga, nthawi zina, odwala matenda a shuga angafunike kuyeza kuchuluka kwa matupi amtundu wa ketone, omwe amapangidwa mwamtundu waukulu pakuwongolera matendawa komanso kusowa kwambiri kwa insulin m'thupi. M'mbuyomu, mitsitsi yokhayo yotsimikizira matupi a ketone mumkodzo ndi omwe amapezeka kwa odwala oterowo. Koma tsopano zida zosunthika zawonekera zomwe zimalola odwala kuti azindikire matupi a ketone m'magazi, omwe amathandiza kwambiri, chifukwa matupi a ketone amawonekera mumkodzo ngakhale zizindikirochi sizili pamtunda.

Mwa njira yomweyo, pazifukwa zomwezi, asiya kudziwonera pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo, kusiya izi pakuwunika mayeso azachipatala komanso mayeso okonzekera.

Opanga ena a glucometer adapitilira apo ndipo adayamba kupanga zida zomwe, kuphatikiza mulingo wama glucose ndi matupi a ketone m'magazi, amathanso kudziwa cholesterol ndi lipids zina zamagazi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakwezedwa mwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Apa, tsoka, ochepa sangathe kudziletsa. Ngakhale mfundo zomwe zalembedwako posachedwapa mu Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russia, zimapereka mwayi kwa mayeso kwaulere (zothetsera) kwa glucometer kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a matenda a shuga 1 (a 1,460 pachaka) ndi mtundu wa 2 (730 kutsimikiza) pachaka - chifukwa cha zovuta ndi ndalama m'magawo, malingaliro awa sakukwaniritsidwa kwathunthu, ndipo ena sagwiritsidwa ntchito konse. Ndipo iyi ndi nkhani yokhazikika kwa madotolo omwewo ndi odwala awo, omwe tsiku ndi tsiku amadziyang'anira payekha ayenera kukhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pothandizira odwala matenda a shuga.