Kuzindikira kosiyanitsa: mtundu 1 shuga ndi mtundu 2 shuga

Chithunzi cha chipatala cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2

Type 2 matenda a shuga, monga lamulo, amakula mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40 omwe ali onenepa kwambiri, ndipo zizindikiro zake zimayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono. Wodwalayo sangamve kapena samvetsera kuwonongeka kwa thanzi lake mpaka zaka 10. Ngati matenda a shuga sapezeka komanso amathandizidwa nthawi yonseyi, mavuto a mtima amapezeka. Odwala amadandaula za kufooka, kuchepa kwakanthawi kochepa, komanso kutopa. Zizindikiro zonsezi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha mavuto okhudzana ndi zaka, ndipo kupezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika mwangozi. Munthawi yofufuza matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga amathandizira mayeso okonzekera nthawi zonse azachipatala a mabizinesi ndi mabungwe aboma.

Pafupifupi odwala onse omwe apezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2, zimayambitsa zoopsa:

• kupezeka kwa matendawa m'mabanja apafupi,
• amakonda kunenepa kwambiri,
• mwa akazi - kubadwa kwa mwana wokhala ndi thupi loposa 4 makilogalamu, panali shuga wowonjezereka panthawi yapakati.

Zizindikiro zapadera zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amamva ludzu mpaka malita atatu patsiku, kukodza pafupipafupi usiku, ndipo mabala amachiritsidwa. Komanso, mavuto amakhungu akumayamwa, matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amalabadira zovuta izi pokhapokha atayika kale 50% ya kuchuluka kwa ma cell a pancreatic beta, i.e. shuga imanyalanyazidwa kwambiri. Mu 20-30% ya odwala, matenda amtundu wa 2 amapezeka pokhapokha akagonekedwa chifukwa cha vuto la mtima, matenda a sitiroko, kapena kuwonongeka.

Matenda a shuga

Ngati wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti kuyezetsa kumodzi komwe kumawonetsa shuga wambiri ndikokwanira kuti athe kuzindikira ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo. Koma ngati kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga kudakhala koyipa, koma munthuyo alibe zizindikiro kapena ali wofooka, ndiye kuti kudwala matenda ashuga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Mwa anthu opanda matenda a shuga, kuyerekeza kumawonetsa shuga m'magazi chifukwa cha matenda owopsa, zoopsa, kapena kupsinjika. Pankhaniyi, hyperglycemia (shuga wambiri) imakhala yochepa, mwachitsanzo, posakhalitsa, ndipo posakhalitsa zonse zibwerera mwachangu popanda chithandizo. Chifukwa chake, malingaliro aboma amaletsa kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga kutengera kusanthula kamodzi kosapindulitsa ngati palibe chizindikiro.

Muzochitika zotere, kuyesedwa kwa glucose kulolerana mayeso (PHTT) kumachitika kuti mutsimikizire kapena kukana kuwunikaku. Choyamba, wodwala amayesa magazi kuti asala kudya m'mawa. Pambuyo pake, amamwa mwachangu 250-300 ml ya madzi, momwe 75 g ya glucose kapena 82,5 g ya glucose monohydrate imasungunuka. Pambuyo pa maola 2, kuyezetsa magazi mobwerezabwereza kumachitika kuti shuga ikasunthidwe.

Zotsatira za PGTT ndi "plasma glucose pambuyo 2 maola" (2hGP). Zikutanthauza izi:

• 2hGP = 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg / dl) - kuwunika koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga. Ngati wodwalayo alibe zizindikiro, ndiye kuti pamafunika kutsimikiziridwa ndikuyenda m'masiku otsatirawa, PGTT 1-2 zina.

Kuyambira mu 2010, bungwe la American Diabetes Association lavomereza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito magazi kuyezetsa magazi a glycated hemoglobin kuti adziwe matenda ashuga (pitani mayeso awa! Limbikitsani!). Ngati phindu la chizindikiro HbA1c> = 6.5% likupezeka, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga ayenera kupezeka, kutsimikizira mwakuyezetsa mobwerezabwereza.

Kusiyanitsa kosiyanasiyana kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu 1 ndi 2

Osapitirira 10-20% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Ena onse ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1, zizindikiro zake zimakhala zowopsa, matendawo ake ndiwakuthwa, ndipo kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kulibe. Odwala odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amakhala anthu onenepa kwambiri komanso achikulire. Mkhalidwe wawo siwowopsa.

Pozindikira matenda amtundu 1 komanso matenda amitundu iwiri, kuyesa kowonjezera kwamagazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• pa C-peptide kuti muwone ngati kapamba amatulutsa payokha,
• pa autoantibodies kupita ku ma pancreatic beta-cell omwe ali ndi ma antigen - amapezeka kawirikawiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 a autoimmune,
• pamatumbo a ketone m'magazi,
• kafukufuku wamtundu.

Tikukufotokozerani zachilengedwe zodziwikitsa za mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga:

Algorithm iyi imawonetsedwa m'bukhu la "Diabetes. Diagnosis, chithandizo, kupewa "pansi pa kukonzanso kwa I.I.Dedova, M.V. Shestakova, M., 2011

Mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, ketoacidosis ndi matenda ashuga ndizosowa kwambiri. Wodwalayo amayankha mapiritsi a shuga, pomwe mu mtundu 1 wa shuga palibe zoterezi. Chonde dziwani kuti kuyambira pachiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga a XXI a 2X akhala "achichepere" kwambiri. Tsopano nthendayi, ngakhale ndiyosowa, imapezeka mu achinyamata ngakhale azaka za 10.

Zofunika kudziwa matenda a shuga

Matendawa atha kukhala awa:

• mtundu 1 shuga
• mtundu 2 shuga
• matenda ashuga chifukwa chofotokozera zomwe zimayambitsa.

Kuzindikira kumafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zovuta za shuga zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo, ndiko kuti, zotupa zamagazi akuluakulu ndi ang'ono (Micro- ndi macroangiopathy), komanso dongosolo lamanjenje (neuropathy). Werengani nkhani yatsatanetsatane, Matenda Atsoka ndi Matenda a shuga. Ngati pali matenda ashuga othinana ndi matenda a shuga, dziwani izi, ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe ake.

Mavuto a shuga amawonedwe - akuwonetsa gawo la retinopathy kumaso kumanzere ndi kumanzere, kaya laser retinal coagulation kapena njira zina zochizira opaleshoni zidachitidwa. Matenda a shuga - nephropathy - zovuta mu impso - akuwonetsa gawo la matenda a impso, magazi ndi mkodzo. Mawonekedwe a matenda am'mimba a shuga.

Zilonda zamagazi akuluakulu:

• Ngati pali matenda a mtima, onetsani mawonekedwe ake,
• Kulephera kwa mtima - kuwonetsa kalasi yake yogwira ntchito ya NYHA,
• Fotokozani matenda amisala omwe apezeka,
• Matenda omwe amathetsa matenda am'mitsempha yam'munsi - kusokonezeka kwa miyendo - kumawonetsa gawo lawo.

Ngati wodwala ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndiye kuti izi zimadziwika m'ndondomeko yake komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda oopsa. Zotsatira zoyeserera magazi a cholesterol oyipa ndi abwino, triglycerides amaperekedwa. Fotokozani matenda ena omwe amayenda ndi matenda ashuga.

Madokotala samalimbikitsidwa pakuzindikira kuti atchuleni kuwopsa kwa matenda ashuga odwala, kuti asasakanikize kuweruza kwawo ndi cholinga chake. Kukula kwa matendawa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka kwa zovuta komanso kuopsa kwake. Pambuyo pozindikira kuti wapezeka, ndiye kuti shuga ya magazi omwe akuyembekezeredwa yaperekedwa, yomwe wodwalayo ayenera kuyesetsa. Amakhazikitsidwa payekhapayekha, kutengera zaka, chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Werengani zambiri "Magazi a shuga".

Matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi shuga

Chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, chitetezo chochepa chimachepetsedwa mwa anthu, kotero chimfine ndi chibayo nthawi zambiri zimayamba. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, matenda opatsirana amakhala ovuta kwambiri, amatha kudwala. Odwala amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi shuga amatha kukhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga. Matenda a shuga ndi chifuwa chachikulu ndi cholemetsa. Odwala otere amafunikira kuwunikidwa kwa nthawi yonse ndi dokotala wa chifuwa chifukwa nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezera kuchuluka kwa chifuwa chachikulu.

Ndi nthawi yayitali ya matenda ashuga, kupanga michere yogaya chakudya ndi kapamba kumachepa. M'mimba ndi matumbo zimagwira ntchito moipa. Izi ndichifukwa choti matenda ashuga amakhudza ziwiya zomwe zimadyetsa m'mimba, komanso mitsempha yomwe imayang'anira. Werengani zambiri pa nkhani ya "Diabetesic gastroparesis". Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti chiwindi sichimadwala matenda ashuga, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa m'mimba kumatha kusintha ngati kulipidwa kwabwino, ndiye kuti, likhale ndi shuga la magazi okhazikika.

Mtundu woyamba wa 2 komanso wa matenda ashuga 2, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana a impso ndi thirakiti la mkodzo. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu, lomwe lili ndi zifukwa zitatu panthawi imodzi:

• kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira odwala,
• chitukuko cha autonomic neuropathy,
• kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timamva bwino.

Ngati mwana sagwira bwino matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti izi zimapangitsa kukula. Zimakhala zovuta kwa amayi achichepere omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kutenga pakati. Ngati kunali kotheka kutenga pakati, ndiye kuti kubereka ndi kubereka mwana wathanzi ndi vuto lina. Kuti mumve zambiri, onani nkhani yakuti “Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga mwa azimayi oyembekezera.”

Moni Sergey. Ndinalembetsa tsamba lanu pomwe, nditayesedwa sabata yatha, ndinapezeka ndi prediabetes. Mlingo wamagazi m'magazi - 103 mg / dl.
Kuyambira koyambirira kwa sabata ino ndinayamba kutsatira zakudya zamagulu ochepa (tsiku loyamba linali lovuta) ndikuyenda mphindi 45 - 1 ora patsiku.
Ndafika pamiyeso lero - ndataya 2 kg. Ndikumva bwino, ndaphonya chipatsocho pang'ono.
Pang'ono pang'ono za inu. Sindinakhalepo wathunthu. Ndi kutalika kwa 167 cm, osalemera kuposa 55-57 kg. Ndikayamba kusintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi (pa 51, ndili ndi zaka 58), kulemera kunayamba kuchuluka. Tsopano ndimalemera 165 lbs. Nthawi zonse pakhala pali munthu wamphamvu: ntchito, nyumba, zidzukulu. Ndimakonda ayisikilimu, koma monga mukudziwa, sindingathe kulota za izi tsopano.
Mwana wamkazi ndi namwino, amalangizanso kutsatira zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Ndili ndi mitsempha ya varicose ndipo ndimaopa matenda a shuga.

Tithokoze chifukwa chololela.

Kuti mupatsidwe malingaliro, muyenera kufunsa mafunso achindunji.

Chitani kuyesa kwa magazi kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro - T3 ndi yaulere ndipo T4 ndi yaulere, osati TSH yokha. Mutha kukhala ndi hypothyroidism. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti iyenera kuthandizidwa.

Ndimakonda tsamba lanu! Ndatha kudwala matenda a kapamba kwa zaka 20. Pambuyo pakuchulukirachulukira koopsa, shuga pamimba yopanda 5.6 mutatha kudya 7.8 pang'onopang'ono amabwereranso kwina tsiku lina, ngati sindingadye kalikonse.Ndinawerenga malingaliro anu ndikuwakonda kwambiri! sizothandiza kwenikweni kupita kwa madokotala! Mukudziwa nokha. Kodi ndili ndi matenda ashuga a 2? Kuphatikiza apo, pali zisanu zambiri zazingwe, ndili ndi zaka 71, zikomo!

Moni. Madokotala akhala akupeza mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga kuyambira chaka chatha. Ndimamwa metformin. Ndakhala ndikutsatira malingaliro anu kwa milungu itatu tsopano. Kulemera kuchokera ku 71 kg ndikukula kwa masentimita 160 kumatsika, m'masabata atatu pafupifupi 4 kg. Shuga adayambanso kukhazikika pang'onopang'ono: kuyambira 140 sabata imodzi amatsikira ku 106 m'mawa ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 91. Koma. Kwa masiku atatu, ndimaona kuti sindofunika. Mutu wanga unayamba kupweteka m'mawa kwambiri ndipo shuga ndinakwatiranso. M'mawa, Zizindikiro zidakhala 112, 119, lero ndi 121. Tsopano. Dzulo, ndinayeza shuga pambuyo pamtundu wocheperako: maminiti 15 munjira yoyenda ndi dziwe kwa theka la ora, shuga idakwera mpaka 130. Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani? Nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka kupeza endocrinologist kuti akhale naye. Werengani pa intaneti. Kodi ichi chingakhale mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga? Tithokoze yankho.

Moni
Ndili ndi zaka 37, kutalika 190, kulemera kwa 74. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala pakamwa pouma, kutopa, kuzungulira pamiyendo (madokotala sanasankhe hemorrhagic, kapena china).
Pankhaniyi, palibe kukodza pafupipafupi, sindimadzuka usiku. Wopereka magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha pamimba yopanda kanthu, shuga 4.1. Kodi tingaganizire kuti izi sizotsimikizika, kapena
Mukufuna kuwunikira katundu? Zikomo

Moni, Opaleshoni! Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa chatsamba lothandiza ngati ili. Ndikuphunzira. Pali zambiri ndipo sitingathe kuzimvetsa.
Ndinangodziwa mwangozi za matenda anga a shuga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo. Koma pakadali pano, madokotala sangadziwe bwino matenda anga a shuga. Ndili ndi mafunso ambiri, koma ndifunsa awiri okha.
Mwa atatuwa endocrinologists, wachitatu okha ndi omwe adandipeza ndi matenda a shuga a Lada. Ndipo adanditumiza kuchipatala kuti ndikaonekere.
Lero, nditakhala masiku atatu kuchipatala, ndinatumizidwa kuchipatala kupita kuchipatala kukayesa umboni, chifukwa sakudziwa komwe ndazindikira. Poyamba ndidapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndipo awiri am'chipatala ad endocrinologist adatulutsa Lada matenda ashuga ndikutumizidwa kuchipatala. Ndipo chipatala pa 4th tsiku lofika momwemo idanditumizira mayeso (zomwe sachita kuchipatala) - awa ndi ma Antibodies opita ku ma cell a pancreatic islet ndi ma Pancreatic islet glutamate decarbosilase antibodies ndi Pancreatic islet glutum decarbossilase antibodies. Chifukwa madokotala samatha kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga omwe ndili nawo komanso momwe ndingawathandizire mopitilira. Ndipo ndili ndi funso lalikulu, Kodi ndiyenera kuyesedwa izi kuti ndimvetsetse mtundu wa shuga womwe ndili nawo.
Chakudya chopanda chakudya chopatsa mphamvu sichimatsatiridwa ndi ine ndekha, komanso ndi abale anga (ngakhale nthawi zina ndimachiphwanya kwazomwezo).
Kodi ndaganiza tsopano? Kodi ndikufunika kuchita izi? pa mndandanda woyeserera wofunikira patsamba lanu, palibe kusanthula kwama antibodies kuti glutemate decarbossilase ya islet pancreas.
Ndapanga C-peptide ndipo imakhala 202 pmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo ndizabwinobwino tikatha kudya.
Matenda anga a shuga, tsopano pakudya sizofunika kwenikweni.Dotolo adati mayesowa amafunika kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndili ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda ashuga.

Ndili ndi zaka 34, kulemera kumatsika pakati pa 67 ndi 75 kg mu Marichi chaka chino, ndinayikidwa pa insulin vosulin kuphatikiza metformin1000 ndipo gliklazid60 anena za mtundu wa 2. Ngakhale amayi ndi agogo anga ali ndi. Ndili ndi insulin kawiri patsiku kwa mayunitsi 10-12, koma pazifukwa zina matendawa ndi ochepa kwambiri kutopa, kupsinjika nthawi zonse komanso kukwiya, kusowa tulo, kukakamira pafupipafupi kuchimbudzi usiku, ndimatha kudzuka kawiri kapena katatu, ndikukhala ndi nkhawa. Kodi ndingathe kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga? Mzere woyeserera ndi waulere kwa masiku 20 okha, ndiye kuti miyezi iwiri ndimachita insulin popanda kuyeza ndalama x ataet kugula ngakhale pa nthawi ino akundizunza kuyabwa makamaka malo lapamtima, ndi mapazi, ndi mapazi ali kwambiri losweka pafupifupi krovi.posovetuyte chilichonse chonde :.

Moni. Sergey, ndifotokozere momwe ndingakhalire munyengo yanga. Glycated hemoglobin (10.3) anapezeka ndi T2DM. Shuga nthawi zambiri amagwa kwambiri, ndipo ine, motsatana, kukomoka. Ndingasinthe bwanji kuti ndidye zakudya zamagulu ochepa ngati magazi a m'magazi nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika kwambiri? Ndimamvetsetsa ngati izi ndi hypoglycemia yam'mawa, pakakhala phwando lalikulu chakudya usiku, koma kugwa masana sizikumveka kwa ine, chifukwa ndimadya pafupipafupi komanso pang'ono. Ndili ndi mantha kuti ndisinthe zakudya, ndikuopa kuwonjeza.

Mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga (DM 1)

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayamba chifukwa chosowa insulini. Insulin imathandizira kuti shuga alowe m'maselo a thupi. Amapangidwa ndi maselo a beta a kapamba. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga 1 mellitus, mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zina zovuta, maselo awa amawonongeka ndipo kapamba amasiya kutulutsa insulin yokwanira. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Choyambitsa kufa kwa maselo a beta nthawi zambiri ndimatenda, njira za autoimmune, kupsinjika.

Amakhulupirira kuti matenda a shuga amtundu 1 amakhudza 10-15% ya onse odwala matenda ashuga.

Mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, maselo a pancreatic amagwira ntchito bwino komanso amapanga insulin yokwanira. Koma zimakhala zodalira insulini sizimayankhanso mokwanira kwa timadzi timeneti. Kuphwanya kotereku kumabweretsa kuti pali milingo yokhala ndi insulin yayitali m'magazi, ndipo mulingo wa shuga nawonso umakwera.

Kukula kwa matenda amtunduwu kumathandizidwa ndi moyo wosayenera, kunenepa kwambiri.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amapanga mitundu yambiri ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga (80-90%).

Mwazi wamagazi ngati chizindikiritso

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga ndikuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuti mudziwe chizindikiro ichi, chinthu choyamba chimapatsidwa kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga, komwe kuyenera kuchitidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kunena kuti, GPN yachidule imagwiritsidwa ntchito - glucose yothamanga ya plasma.

GPN yoposa 7 mmol / L ikuwonetsa kuti mwakweza kwambiri shuga komanso kuti mwina muli ndi matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha chifukwa cha zifukwa zina. Matenda opatsirana, kuvulala komanso kupsinjika kungapangitse kuchuluka kwa shuga kwakanthawi. Chifukwa chake, kuti timveke bwino za momwe zinthu zilili, kufufuza kwina kumafunikira.

Zowonjezera za matenda a shuga

Mayeso a kulolerana a glucose (PGTT) - njira yomwe ingathandize kudziwa zenizeni. Chitani izi motere:

1. Odzipereka odzipereka kuyezetsa magazi.
2. Yankho la 75 g la glucose mu 250-300 g wamadzi amamwa.
3. Pakatha maola awiri, kuyezetsanso magazi kwachiwiri kumachitika.
4. Nthawi zina, kusanthula kumachitika theka lililonse la ola mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho.

Ngati atatha maola awiri mawunikidwe awonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg / dl), ndiye kuti thupi limachepetsa shuga pang'onopang'ono. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mayesowa abwerezedwe kangapo posachedwa. Ndipo ndi zotsatira zofananazi zomwe zimapezeka ndimatenda a shuga.

Kuti mumvetse bwino za matendawa, kuyezetsa mkodzo tsiku ndi tsiku kumachitidwanso.

Momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa matenda ashuga?

Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa matenda ashuga, maphunziro owonjezera angapo adaikidwa:

• C peptide assay - Imathandizira kudziwa ngati maselo a pancreatic amapanga insulin. Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, chizindikirochi chimachepetsedwa. Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera kapena abwinobwino. Koma ngati muli ndi njira yayitali, itha kutsitsidwa.
• Kusanthula paautoantibodies to pancreatic cell antigen. Ma antibodies awa akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga 1.
• Kusanthula kwa majini - zimakupatsani mwayi wofufuza matendawo. Pali ma genetic angapo omwe amatha kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga amtundu winawake.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amadziwika ndi:

• Zaka zopitilira 40
• Momwe matenda amawonekera. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakula pang'onopang'ono, amakhala asymptomatic kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amapezeka mwamwayi mukachiza matenda ena, omwe amapezeka kale ngati vuto la matenda ashuga.

Mtundu wa shuga wofotokozedwa bwino umapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zothandiza zochizira matendawa. Ndipo izi zikuthandizani kuti muchepetse shuga ndikuwongolera moyo wabwino kwambiri!

Njira Zodziwitsira Matendawa

Njira zotsatirazi zothandiza kudziwa matenda a shuga zakhazikitsidwa ndi World Health Organisation:

• kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumadutsa 11.1 mmol / l ndi muyeso wosasintha (ndiye kuti, muyeso umachitika nthawi iliyonse masana osaganizira chakudya chomaliza),
• kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi akayezedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu (kutanthauza kuti pafupifupi maola 8 chakudya chatha) kupitirira 7.0 mmol / l,
• kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumadutsa 11.1 mmol / l 2 patatha mlingo umodzi wa 75 g wa shuga (mayeso a shuga).

Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatirazi zimatengedwa ngati zizindikiro zapamwamba za matenda ashuga:

• polyuria - kuwonjezeka kwakukulu pokodza, wodwala samangothamangira "kuchimbudzi, koma mkodzo wambiri umapangidwa,"
• polydipsia - ludzu kwambiri, wodwalayo nthawi zonse amafuna kumwa (ndipo amamwa madzi ambiri),
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa - sawona ndi mitundu yonse yamatenda.

Kusiyanitsa mitundu ya matenda ashuga amtundu 1 ndi matenda amitundu iwiri

Ngakhale kuti mitundu yonse ya shuga imakhala ndi zofananira, imasiyana mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zomwe zimayambitsa komanso njira ya pathological m'thupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kudziwika koyenera kwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kuthandizira kwachithandizo mwachindunji zimatengera izi.

Pali mitundu isanu yayikulu ya matenda a shuga:

1. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga - thupi silitulutsa insulin,
2. Type 2 shuga - yodziwika ndi kutayika kwa insulin,
3. machitidwe - omwe amatchedwa "shuga woyembekezera" - amadziwonetsa panthawi yamatumbo,
4. steroid - Zotsatira zakuphwanya kwa kupanga mahomoni ndi ma adrenal gland,
5. wopanda shuga - Zotsatira za kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni chifukwa cha zovuta ndi hypothalamus.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, matenda a shuga a 2 amapezeka nthawi zambiri - pafupifupi 90% ya omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga amadwala matendawa. Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ochepa - amapezeka pafupifupi 9% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Mitundu yotsala ya matenda amatenga pafupifupi 1% ya matenda.

Kusiyanitsa mitundu ya matenda ashuga kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa mtundu wa matenda - 1 kapena 2 - wodwalayo akudwala, chifukwa, ngakhale ali ndi chithunzi chofanana ndi chipatala, kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yamatendawa ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Type 1 shuga mellitus imachitika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka komwe kapangidwe ka thupi ka insulini ya mahomoni: sikokwanira kapena ayi konse.

Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matendawa asokonezeke chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa autoimmune: ma antibodies omwe amayamba "kupha" maselo opanga insulin.

Nthawi zina, insulini imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuti igwetse glucose, ndiye kuti shuga ya magazi imakwera kwambiri.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake matenda amtundu woyamba amawonekera mwadzidzidzi, nthawi zambiri amayamba kuzindikira matenda ashuga. Kwenikweni, matendawa amapezeka mwa ana kapena akulu osakwana zaka 25, nthawi zambiri mwa anyamata.

Zizindikiro zosiyana za matenda amtundu 1 ndi:

• shuga wamkulu
• pafupifupi kusowa kwathunthu kwa insulin,
• kupezeka kwa ma antibodies m'magazi,
• otsika C-peptide,
• kuwonda kwa odwala.

Mbali yodziwika bwino ya matenda a shuga a 2 ndiyo kukana insulini: thupi limakhala losaganizira insulin.

Zotsatira zake, shuga sawononga, ndipo kapamba amayesera kutulutsa insulin yambiri, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwezedwa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtundu wa 2 sizikudziwika, koma zidadziwika kuti pafupifupi 40% ya milandu matendawa ndi chobadwa nawo.

Komanso, nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi anthu onenepa kwambiri omwe amakhala moyo wopanda thanzi. Pangozi ndi anthu okhwima azaka zopitilira 45, makamaka azimayi.

Zizindikiro zosiyana za matenda amitundu yachiwiri ndi:

• shuga wamkulu
• kuchuluka kwa insulini (kungakhale kwabwinobwino)
• okwera kapena achilendo a C-peptide,
• kuchuluka glycated hemoglobin.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amakhala asymptomatic, akudziwonetsa kale kumapeto ndikuwonekera kwamavuto osiyanasiyana: Mavuto ammaso amayamba, mabala amachiritsa bwino, ndipo ziwalo zamkati zimatha kusokonezeka.

Mndandanda wa kusiyana pakati pa matendawa omwe amadalira insulin komanso osadalira insulin

Popeza chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 ndi kusowa kwa insulin, umatchedwa kuti insulin. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amatchedwa insulin-Independent, chifukwa minofu yake siyimayamwa ndi insulin.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya shuga kukuwonetsedwa pagome:

Kusiyana matenda a shuga ndi matenda a shuga insipidus

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Ngakhale kuti mitundu ina ya shuga ndiyosowa, kuwunika kosiyanasiyana kumatilola kusiyanitsa. Ndizachilendo kwambiri (mu milandu itatu mwa 100,000) omwe amadziwika kuti ndi matenda a shuga - matenda a endocrine omwe, chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni, momwe amapangira mkodzo ndikusokonekera: chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mahomoni ena, thupi silimamwa madzi, ndipo limatuluka mu mkodzo, ndiye kuti ndi wowala. Zizindikiro za polyuria ndi polydipsia zimawonekera.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotupa za hypothalamus kapena pituitary gland, komanso cholowa.

Zizindikiro zosiyana za matenda a shuga a insipidus ndi:

• kukodza mopitirira muyeso (kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumatha kufika malita 10-15 patsiku),
• ludzu lalikulu losagonjetseka.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matenda ashuga ndi shuga

Kodi zovuta za shuga zimasiyanitsidwa bwanji?

Matenda a shuga "amatchuka" chifukwa cha zovuta zake. Mavuto amagawidwa pachimake komanso chovuta: pachimake amatha kukhala ndi maola ochepa kapena mphindi zochepa, komanso mawonekedwe opatsika pakapita zaka komanso zaka makumi.

Mavuto owopsa amakhala owopsa kwambiri. Kuti muwalepheretse, muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (mitayo idzakuthandizani) ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia ndi zovuta pachimake, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kuchepa kwambiri pamlingo wa shuga (pansipa zofunikira).

Mtundu wa matenda ashuga amtundu 1, zoterezi zimatheka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha jakisoni kapena mapiritsi), komanso mtundu 2 wa shuga - chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Insulin yochulukirapo imapangitsa kuti glucose akhazikike kwathunthu, ndipo kukhazikika kwake m'magazi kumatsikira kutsika kwambiri.

Ngati simupanga mwachangu kuperewera kwa shuga, ndiye kuti kupanikizika kungayambitse zotsatira zoyipa (mpaka kukomoka ndi kufa).

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia ndimatenda a m'magazi pomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwazonse. Hyperglycemia imatha kukhazikika pakanapanda chithandizo choyenera, ngati vuto la insulin (mwachitsanzo, kudumpha jakisoni wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1), kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya kapena mowa, komanso kupsinjika.

Matenda a shuga

Zovuta za hypo- kapena hyperglycemia zomwe sizimayimitsidwa panthawi zimayambitsa zovuta zakupha: matenda ashuga.

Izi zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri, zimadziwika ndi kufooka, popanda thandizo, wodwala amatha kufa.

Vuto lalikulu kwambiri la hypoglycemic coma, lomwe limadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa shuga mpaka 2-3 mmol / l, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azidwala kwambiri.

Chisoni chotere chimayamba mofulumira, kwenikweni m'maola ochepa. Zizindikiro zimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono: kuyambira mseru, kufooka, kuchepa mphamvu mpaka kusokonezeka, kukhumudwa komanso kukomoka palokha.

Miyezi ya shuga ikayamba kukhala yovuta, hyperglycemic coma kapena diabetesic ketoacidosis imayamba. Vutoli limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga pamtunda wa 15 mmol / l ndi metabolic acidosis - zomwe zimapangitsa kusweka kwa ma acid ndi mafuta zimasonkhana m'magazi.

Hyperglycemic coma imayamba masana ndipo imadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotchulidwa: ludzu, kukodza mopitirira muyeso, ulesi, kugona, kutsitsimuka pakhungu, chisokonezo. Wodwala amafunika kuyitanitsa ambulansi mwachangu.

Matenda a shuga

Mwazi wamagazi ambiri umakhudza mitsempha yamagazi, makamaka ziwiya zamiyendo.

Chifukwa cha izi, phazi la odwala matenda ashuga limatha kukhala zovuta kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga - kuwonongeka kwa magazi kumayambitsa kuwoneka kwa zilonda zosachiritsa (odwala matenda ashuga, mabala nthawi zambiri amachiritsa molakwika), kuwonongeka m'mitsempha yamagazi, komanso nthawi zina mafupa.

Muzovuta kwambiri, gangrene atha kumadulidwa ndipo kumadulidwa phazi kungafunike.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Pazindikiritso zosiyanitsa za mtundu 1 komanso mtundu wa 2 wodwala mu kanema:

Njira zamakono zodziwitsira komanso kupatsirana matenda a shuga zimathandiza kupewa zovuta zonse zowopsa, ndipo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo ena, moyo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga sangakhale wosiyana ndi moyo wa anthu omwe alibe matenda. Koma kuti izi zitheke, kuzindikira koyenera matendawa ndi kofunikira ndikofunikira.