Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Zakudya zopanda pake, mankhwala osavomerezeka, matenda ena amthupi komanso chibadwa chamtunduwu ndizomwe zimatsogolera kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Matendawa ndi owopsa, limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi ndi polyuria yotsatira. Chigawo choyamba cha matenda ashuga chimayamba mwa ana ochepera zaka 30.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Mtunduwu wa shuga umatchedwa shuga wowona kapena wachinyamata, ngakhale munthu wazaka zilizonse angathe kuupeza. Matenda a autoimmune amakhudzana ndi kuperewera kwa insulin kwathunthu, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa mabulogu a Langerhans m'mapapo ndipo, chifukwa chake, mwa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta, omwe ali njira yayikulu yopangira insulin.

Zolinga za maonekedwe

Zifukwa zenizeni komanso zodziwika bwino zopangira matenda amtundu wa 1 sizikudziwika. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti mbali yayikulu, "chida choyambitsa" chothandizira matendawa ndi mapuloteni omwe ali mumitsempha ya m'magazi omwe atha kuthana ndi vuto la magazi. Amagwidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo amayamba kuwonongedwa ndi ma antibodies opanga ma antibodies. Maselo a Beta omwe amapanga insulini ya mahomoni ali ndi zindikiritso zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi mapuloteni oterewa, chifukwa chomwe amawonongekanso ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, kuchokera pakuchepa kwakanthawi kwawo komwe kumakhala kuti kwawo kwatha.

Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wa 1 shuga mellitus ndi zotupa zapakhungu, cholowa chovuta (mu 10 peresenti, matenda a shuga amatumizidwa kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi mpaka kwa mwana), komanso kukhazikitsa zinthu zingapo / mankhwala m'thupi - kuyambira pa streptozycin kuti muvute poyizoni. .

Zizindikiro zake

Matenda a shuga 1 amtundu, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga, ali ndi chizindikiro choti pakakhala kuti palibe chithandizo chamankhwala, mwachangu amasintha kukhala zovuta zazikulu. Ndi kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa shuga m'magazi, wodwalayo amamva ludzu lalikulu ndikumayamwa pafupipafupi. Usiku, thukuta silachilendo, masana munthu akakwiya, nthawi zambiri amasintha. Akazi nthawi zambiri amadwala fungal matenda opatsirana. Pamene glucose ikukwera, zizindikiro za minyewa yofatsa zimayamba kuonekera - kukhumudwa kwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Zosokoneza zowoneka ndizotheka (kupenya kwamasamba kumakhudzidwa makamaka).

Mlingo wa shuga ukamayandikira mfundo zofunika, wodwalayo amakula ndi ketoacidosis ndi kamvekedwe kosasangalatsa kamkamwa, kufupika, kuthamanga, nseru, kusanza, ndi kuchepa thupi kwakuthupi motsutsana ndi maziko a hyperglycemia. Matenda akulu a shuga amayambitsa chisokonezo, kukomoka, ndipo pamapeto pake chikomero cha hyperglycemic.

Zochizira

Chizindikiro cha matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga ndicho kukhazikika kwa insulin. Ngakhale zakudya zosankhidwa bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndi zochitika zina nthawi zambiri sizipereka mwayi kulipira kwathunthu kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya. Mlingo wa insulin umasankhidwa payekha, kutengera zotsatira za kuwunika kwa wodwalayo, chakudya chake (powerengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chogwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi kukula kwa mtundu wa XE), machitidwe a thupi ndi zina. Mankhwalawa amayenera kuvulazidwa moyo wake wonse, popeza mtundu wodwala wa insulin pakadali pano wopanga mankhwala samachiritsika kwathunthu, pomwe njira zotsalira zochiritsira zimakhala kuti akhazikitse mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwalawo womwe umaperekedwa ndikuchotsa zoopsa za zovuta.

Type 2 shuga

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, insulin imapangidwa ndi thupi mokwanira kapena mokwanira, komabe, imakhala yochepa kapena ayi kwathunthu ndi maselo amisempha. Poyerekeza ndi tsogolo la kukhudzika kwa mahomoni, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka. Matenda a 2 a shuga amatchulidwa ndi madokotala ambiri ngati matenda a metabolic, omwe m'kupita kwanthawi amatha kusintha kukhala shuga weniweni.

Zakudya za mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2

M'zaka zamakumi awiri, ambiri a endocrinologists adapereka odwala awo omwe amawatcha kuti ndi othandiza pazakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu tsiku lililonse. Zakudya zokhazika ndi zosuta zokha, komanso maswiti okhala ndi makeke, siziphatikizidwa. Komabe, monga momwe machitidwe awonetsera, zakudya zamtunduwu sizimachepetsa kwambiri shuga m'magazi ndipo shuga amachulukitsa pang'ono odwala matenda ashuga, omwe pamapeto pake amachepetsa kwambiri thanzi komanso chiyembekezo cha moyo wa odwala.

Zakudya zochepa za carb

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, akatswiri azakudya akupatsanso zakudya zamafuta ochepa mothandizidwa ndi zovuta, zovuta zonsezo, kwa matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1 (kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin ya jekeseni). Pankhaniyi, kutsimikizika kwakukulu kuli pa mapuloteni ndi zakudya zazakudya zomwe zimadya tsiku lililonse ndi chakudya chambiri cha 5-6. Njira yabwino yophikira ndikuphika ndikuphika, nthawi zina mtembo.

Zogulitsa zomalizidwa za mitundu yonse, broths olemera ndi nyama yamafuta, marinade osiyanasiyana, zopangidwa ndi shuga, ndi zophikira ziyenera kusayikidwa kwathunthu pamenyu. Zoletsedwanso ndi pasitala, msuzi (wonunkhira ndi wonunkhira), caviar, kirimu, muffin, zinthu zamzitini zamitundu yonse, buledi wokhazikitsidwa ndi ufa wa tirigu, komanso zipatso zokoma - zipatso, nthochi, mphesa, nkhuyu.

Pocheperako pang'ono, mumatha kudya mbatata, mazira, chimanga ndi nyemba, komanso phala - burwheat, barele la ngale, oatmeal, dzira. Nthawi zambiri simungamathe kudzipangira uchi.

Mndandanda wamalonda wazovomerezeka zomwe umaphatikizidwa umaphatikizapo mitundu yamafuta ochepa a nyama (makamaka nkhuku ndi ng'ombe), nsomba (mitundu yonse yamafuta ochepa), msuzi wamasamba wokhala ndi chimanga ndi masamba a nyama, soseji zamagetsi, zakudya zamafuta ochepa, tchizi chosasamba. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza kaloti, beets, nandolo zobiriwira zatsopano, nkhaka, dzungu, biringanya, kabichi, zipatso zouma ndi zipatso, tiyi ndi khofi wokhala ndi mkaka muzakudya.

Monga maziko amafuta, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungunuka kapena masamba.

Zakudya za Vegan

Machitidwe amakono azakudya komanso njira zoyesera zofufuzira zamankhwala zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamasamba mu shuga za mitundu yonse 1 ndi mtundu 2. Mayeso ofunitsitsa kwambiri omwe adachitika ku USA ndi Europe adatsimikizira kuti nthawi zambiri njira zomwe zatchulidwazi zitha kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndi magazi, kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa matenda obwera ndi mtima komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni amkodzo pambuyo pa masabata 3-4 atasinthira ku chakudya chotere.

Chofunika cha zakudya zotere ndizakudya zamagulu ochepa zopatsa mphamvu ndikukana mapuloteni amanyama. Kuletsedwa kwamitundu yonse ya nyama ndi nsomba, mazira, mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa, zakudya zilizonse zotsekemera ndi tirigu, mafuta a mpendadzuwa, khofi, komanso "zopanda pake" - kuchokera ku fries waku France kupita kwa osokoneza, zakumwa zochokera ku kaboni ndi zinthu zilizonse zokonzedwa.

Mndandanda wazakudya chololedwa umaphatikizapo chimanga ndi nyemba, zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso (kupatula mphesa), masamba onse atsopano, bowa, mtedza, mbewu, komanso "soya set" - yoghurts, tofu, kirimu wowawasa, mkaka wokhazikika pa iwo.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa zina zoyipa zogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamasamba shuga, ndipo choyambirira ndizowoneka bwino zopezeka - mungagwiritse ntchito zakudya za vegan pokhapokha ngati palibe zovuta za shuga zokhala ndi mtundu wofatsa kapena wowonda. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zama vegan sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupipafupi, chifukwa munjira ina, thupi limafunikira mapuloteni amtundu ochepa, komanso michere / mavitamini angapo, omwe samasiyanitsidwa ndi zakudya. Chifukwa chake zimatha kukhala zosakhalitsa "zochizira-ndi-prophylactic" m'malo mwakudya wamba wamagulu kapena carb wotsika, koma osangokhala m'malo mwake.

Kodi matenda ashuga amtundu 1 ndi chiyani?

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga samangokhala odwala achikulire, komanso ana aang'ono, makanda. Ndi kuchulukitsa kwa mtundu wa 1 shuga, kapangidwe ka maselo a insulin kachepetsedwa, chiwonongeko cha minofu ya pancreatic imawonedwa. Insell -us wodwala matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, ndipo wodwala pazaka zilizonse amayang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.

Pa matenda a shuga mellitus, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kumachepa, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, ndi zina zovuta zowopsa thupi. Mutha kudziwa matenda a autoimmune a endocrine pambuyo pa mayeso angapo a labotale, omwe mayeso a magazi okwanira shuga alipo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga 1

Matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri, malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 5% mwa zithunzi zonse zamankhwala. Ichi ndi matenda achichepere omwe amatha kupezeka mwa ana aang'ono, osawululidwa kwambiri atakula. Palibe mwayi wotsiriza kuchiza matendawa, ntchito yayikulu ya akatswiri ndikudzaza kuchepa kwa insulin pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosungira. Kuti muwonetsetse kupitilirabe, gawo loyamba ndikudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1. The etiology of the pathological process has the prerequisites:

• chibadwa
• kuchuluka kwa ma virus oopsa a Coxsackie, rubella, ma Epidsin-Barr ndi ma retroviruses,
• zovuta za mankhwala osokoneza bongo a pancreatic β-cell,
• ntchito ya mabakiteriya owononga mphamvu ya maselo a T osagwirizana ndi β cell,
• chakudya choperewera m'madzi, vitamini D,
• kumangokhala
• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• zolimbitsa thupi,
• matenda a autoimmune
• kupanikizika kwatsatanetsatane
• etiology ya mawonekedwe idiopathic a matendawa sanadziwike.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, kuyambika kwa matenda kumayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zazikulu. Poyamba, wodwalayo samvera kukhudzidwa pafupipafupi komanso ngati akumva ludzu pafupipafupi, koma amazindikira kuti vuto la thanzi lilipo. Oimira gulu lachiwopsezo ayenera kudziwa zomwe zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 1 zimawoneka kuti azitha kusiyanitsa kusowa kwa chidziwitso cha nthawi yake komanso chithandizo chamankhwala. Umu ndi momwe kuperewera kwa insulin kumadziwonekera m'thupi la wodwala:

• kulakalaka kwambiri kuonda mwadzidzidzi,
• kamwa yowuma
• khungu lowuma,
• minofu ndi mutu
• kufooka wamba, kutopa,
• otsika thupi kukana maluwa pathogenic,
• thukuta kwambiri
• Khungu
• ketosis
• kuchepa kowoneka bwino,
• kulephera kwa aimpso
• fungo la mkodzo wa acetone
• kudya kwakachepa ndi ludzu lalikulu,
• usiku hyperglycemia,
• mseru, kusanza, kupweteka kwam'mimba,
• wodwala matenda ashuga
• polyuria.

Mavuto a Matenda A shuga a Type 1

Odwala amakhala ndi matenda oterewa, malinga ndi malingaliro onse azachipatala. Ngati aphwanyidwa mwadongosolo ndikusamalidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala osasinthika, zovuta zazikulu za mtundu 1 wa shuga zomwe zimafunikira kuchipatala ndi njira zopulumutsira sizingaletsedwe. Awa ndi magulu awiri a pathologies ochulukirapo okhala ndi zizindikiro zotchulidwa:

• neuropathies, pamene chotupa chachikulu chikupezeka m'mapuloteni a maselo amanjenje,
• angiopathy ndi kuwonongeka kwa mtima makoma, capillaries.

Ngati zovuta zazikulu zotere zakachitika, wodwalayo amakumana ndi mavuto azachipatala monga matenda ashuga retinopathy, matenda oopsa a shuga. Chipatala cha matenda chimafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zoyankhira mwachangu, apo ayi wodwala akuyembekezera kukomoka, kufa.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga

Popeza kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba kumayesedwa ndikuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic beta, ndizotheka kudziwa matenda a shuga kokha ngati njira yothandizira. Kuyesa koyamba ndi magazi: glucose wamba ndi 3.3 - 6.1 mmol / l, kuchuluka kwake ndi chizindikiro cha matenda. Kuyeserera kwa mkodzo wa Laborator kumayang'ana acetone. Chizindikiro china chofunikira ndi hemoglobin ya glycated, yomwe siiyenera kupitirira 5.6 - 7.0%. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwonongeko cha chotchinga cha magazi-ubongo chimachitika, chikuwonekera pazotsatira za kafukufuku wa zasayansi.

Kuchita mayeso aliwonse a ma laboratori kangapo, popeza mtundu 1 wa shuga umangodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuyesedwa uku kuyenera kuchitika kwa miyezi ingapo, kuwunika zina za matendawa. Chiyeso chololeza shuga sichichita ndi chithunzichi. Kudziwitsa mwatsatanetsatane mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1 kumakhudzanso kusonkha kwa mbiri yakale ya zamankhwala kuti apatsidwe matenda molondola, kuikidwa kwa insulin.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1

A endocrinologist amatha kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kukhazikika ndi gawo la chitukuko cha matenda ashuga, omwe muyenera kuchita atakumana ndi GP wakomweko. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kudya kwa amino acid m'magazi, katswiri amadziwitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin, makamaka chithandizo chamankhwala. Kukhala ndi chidwi ndi momwe mungathanirane ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 wodwala, wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa kuti timadzi timene timagulitsidwa timatha kugula kapena kuthandizidwa pokhapokha ngati tikulemberani mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kusankha zakudya zamagulu ochepa komanso zakudya zama shuga ochepa.

Kuchepetsa shuga

Jekeseni wa insulinane wa insulin amasankhidwa payekha, chifukwa thupi limatha kupanga ma antibodies kupita ku mankhwala omwe adanenedwa. Kutalika kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi moyo, tsiku lililonse Mlingo wake ndi wa 5 mpaka jekeseni pakati pa chakudya. Mitundu yamankhwala imadalira kuchuluka kwa njira ya pathological, mndandanda watsatanetsatane umaperekedwa pansipa:

• insulin yopambana, yomwe imafanizidwa ndi insulin yachilengedwe,
• insulin yochepa: Actrapid, Iletin, Humulin,
• insulin yapakatikati
• insulin yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali: Monodar-Ultralong, Levemir, Lantus.
• kuphatikiza mankhwala.

Zakudya zamtundu 1 odwala matenda ashuga

Kuphatikiza pa kumwa mankhwala, muyenera kusintha zakudya zamasiku onse. Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimakhala ndi shuga wokhala ndi shuga wambiri, apo ayi ndiye kuti matendawo omwe amayambitsanso matendawa ndi okwera. Zakudya zololedwa za matenda a shuga 1 zimaphatikizapo kudya mapuloteni kawiri, kusiyidwa kwathunthu kwamakanikidwe omanga komanso kupatsa thupi lofooka ndi michere yama mavitamini komanso mavitamini. Zakudya zololedwa ndi izi:

• Zatsopano zamasamba
• mtedza ndi nyemba
• nyama ndi nsomba,
• zopangidwa mkaka, makamaka tchizi,
• mafuta ochulukirapo,
• mazira
• supu zamasamba.

Zakudya zoletsedwa za akulu ndi ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga:

• nyama yamafuta ndi nsomba,
• Confectionery
• kuteteza
• mankhwala omalizidwa
• zokometsera zokometsera
• mowa
• zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, timadziti.

Zithandizo za anthu a shuga a mtundu woyamba

Ngati kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta a kapamba akuchitika, azimayi ena ndi abambo amangosankha thandizo la mankhwala ena. Njira yake ndiyokayikira, kuwonjezera apo, imatha kuyamba zovuta m'matupi a 1-2 atangodzipangira okha. Kuti mupewe kuwonongeka mothandizidwa ndi ma antibodies, ndikuwonetsetsa kuchotsera kwa zizindikiro zamankhwala, njira zina ndizofunikira kugwirizanitsa ndi dokotala. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mitundu yoyamba ya matenda a shuga 1 ndi chithandizo chongothandiza. Nayi maphikidwe ogwira mtima:

1. Kuchepetsa matupi a ketone ndikulimbikitsa ntchito zamkati, madokotala amalimbikitsa mkati mwa ufa wa acorns, womwe kuchuluka kwa 1 tsp. tengani musanadye chilichonse.
2. 50 ml ya mandimu zimangofunika kuphatikiza ndi dzira la nkhuku. Awa ndi limodzi mlingo wowongolera ammagazi, omwe amayenera kumwa mphindi 30 asanadye. Chidacho chimathandiza ngati achinyamata matenda a shuga atakula, sd1, amathandizira kuchotsa polyuria.

Kupewa matenda a shuga 1

Kuti zigawo za ma Langerhans a kapamba zisawonongeke mwa munthu wamkulu komanso mwana, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake popewa kupewa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala omwe akudziwa kuti ali ndi vuto la mtundu. Kupewa matenda ashuga kumaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

• moyo wokangalika
• kusamalira nkhawa
• zakudya zoyenera
• kuchitira panthawi yake odwala, matenda opatsirana,
• kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira.