Mwazi wamagazi amamuwuza: momwe mungapewere matenda a shuga?

Zakudya zina zimatha kuyambitsa shuga m'magazi athanzi - asayansi amalimbikitsa kuwayang'anira kuti apewe matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake.

Ku Russia, anthu opitilira 10 miliyoni apezeka ndi matenda a shuga, chifukwa ambiri sakudziwa za matenda awo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi prediabetes, malinga ndi akatswiri, ndiokwera katatu kuposa izi zowopsa.

Mkulu shuga wopanda magazi - Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a metabolic.

Pozindikira, madokotala amadalira kuyezetsa magazi kosalekeza kapena kuyesedwa kwa glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) komwe kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi atatu apitawa.

Kodi mayesowa ndi okwanira?

Ngakhale kugawa kwambiri komanso kudalirika kovomerezeka, palibe njira imodzi yomwe imawonetsa kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'masiku.

Genetics ku Stanford University ku California Michael Snyder ndi anzawo adaganiza kuti adziwe chifukwa chake kusinthasintha kwa glucose mwa anthu athanzi kumatha kufotokozedwa. Adawunikanso masinthidwe atatha kudya ndipo adapeza kuti pali magulu atatu a anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera (mwina osinthika mwanjira) - "glucotypes".

Zambiri za phunziroli zimasindikizidwa muma magazine a pa intaneti a PLOS Biology.

Mitundu itatu ya shuga imagwera mwa anthu athanzi

Kuyesaku kunakhudza odzipereka 57 (a zaka zapakati pa zaka 57), osadwala matenda a shuga komanso zovuta zina za metabolic.

Pulofesa Snyder adagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zowunikira tsiku ndi tsiku - owunikira kuti apitirize kuwunika ndende yamagazi. Kuphatikiza apo, asayansi adatsimikiza kukana insulini komanso kutulutsa kwa mahomoni.

Pakuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi kagayidwe kazakudya, ofufuzawo adatha kuyika magulu awawo m'magulu atatu apadera a glucotyp:

1. Gulu Losiyanasiyana: glucose kwenikweni sasintha
2. Gulu Losintha Losiyanasiyana: pafupipafupi komanso lakuthwa nsapato mu shuga
3. Shuga wolimbitsa thupi: pafupifupi kusiyanasiyana kwa zofunikira za metabolic

"Zambiri zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa nthawi zonse zowunikira zimatsimikizira: kudumphira kwa glucose masana kumakhala kofala kwambiri komanso ndizovuta kuposa momwe kale kumaganizira. Kwa anthu wamba malinga ndi muyezo, zinthu sizingakhale zabwino, "ofufuzawo akuti.

Kodi shuga “wabwinobwino” sakhala wabwinobwino?

Kenako, asayansi amafuna kudziwa momwe oimira ma glucotypes osiyanasiyana amachitira ndi chakudya chomwechi. Anapereka mgonero mitundu itatu ya kadzutsa, yophatikiza ndi chimanga cha mkaka, mkaka ndi batala la peanut ndi bar.

Zinapezeka kuti glucotype aliyense amasiyana mosiyana ndi chakudya cham'mawa. Izi zimalimbikitsanso kuyerekezera kwamunthu m'magulu a shuga. Koma mawu omaliza ofunika kwambiri akuwoneka owopsa: zikwangwani za chimanga zokondedwa ndi ambiri zimatha kuyambitsa kuwopsa kwa shuga m'magazi mwa anthu ambiri.

"Tinadabwa komanso kudabwitsidwa kuti zakudya wamba zimabweretsa kangati matenda a shuga mwa anthu athanzi odwala matenda ashuga, komanso ngakhale matenda ashuga. Kumvetsetsa bwino kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe ali owopsa kwa inu kungathandize "kusintha" gluotype yanu, "akutero Snyder.

Mutu wa ntchito yotsatira ya profesayo udzakhala kufufuza kwazomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa glucose mwa anthu athanzi. Masiku ano, sakudziwa kuti vutoli ndi liti. Mwina gluotype imatsimikizika ndi kapangidwe ka microflora yamatumbo, ntchito ya kapamba, chiwindi, kapena china.

Chimodzi chodziwikiratu: kuthana ndi chinsinsi cha ma glucotypes, titha kuthana ndi matenda a shuga.

Kodi ndizoyenera kuda nkhawa?

Dotolo adalengeza kwa wodwala kuti ali ndi shuga yokwezeka pang'ono m'magazi. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

- Malinga ndi malingaliro a World Health Organization, kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso moyenera, plasma glucose (magazi ochokera m'mitsempha) pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi ochepera 6.1 mmol / l, ndipo maola awiri mutatha kuyesa kwamphamvu (perekani 75 g ya kusungunuka shuga) - ochepera 7.8 mmol / l. Kuzindikiritsidwa kwa matenda a shuga mellitus kumapangidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kochulukirapo kapena kofanana ndi 7.0 mmol / L ndi / kapena maola awiri atatha kuyesedwa ndi oposa kapena ofanana ndi 11.1 mmol / L. Pakati pazomwe zimachitika kale komanso matenda ashuga pali gawo la prediabetes. Mulinso magulu awiri a zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism:

glycemia wosakhazikika, pamene kusala kwamadzi a m'magazi ali m'magawo 6.1-6.9 mmol / l, ndipo maola awiri mutatha kupanikizika ndizovuta, ndiye kuti, osakwana 7.8 mmol / l,
kulolerana kwa shuga m'magazi, pamene kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kochepera 7.0 mmol / l, ndipo maola awiri mutatha kupsinjika kwa mankhwalawa kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kwa 7.8-11.0 mmol / l. Palibe zizindikiro za matenda mwa odwala motere. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Bwino kudziwa

Kodi kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi kuyenera kuchitika ngati ena m'banjamo ali ndi matenda ashuga? Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuphunzira za matenda anu pasadakhale? Kupatula apo, matenda ashuga akadali osachiritsidwa.

- Kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakhudza ziwalo zonse za thupi ndi machitidwe amthupi, chifukwa chake moyo wokhala ndi chizindikiro ichi umabweretsa kukula kwambiri zovuta - kuwonongeka kwa maso, impso, mapazi, matenda amtima. Ndikosatheka kuchira ku matenda ashuga, koma ndizowona kubwezera matendawa kumayambiriro. Kuteteza magawo a shuga, ndikokwanira kuti muchepetse thupi ndikuyamba kuyenda. Ndipo pa gawo la prediabetes, matendawa amatha kupewedwa: ngati mutasintha moyo wanu, matenda ashuga sangakhalepo. Koma izi zimangotengera mtundu 2 wa shuga, womwe umakhudza 95% ya anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2 zimaphatikizaponso:

zaka zopitilira 45
kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri (index yam'mimba yoposa 25 kg / m 2),
kupezeka kwa abale apamtima (makolo kapena abale / mlongo) wodwala matenda ashuga a 2)
zolimbitsa thupi

Ngati ndinu onenepa kwambiri kapena wonenepa kwambiri ndipo muli ndi chimodzi mwazowonjezera za chiopsezo chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa, muyenera kuyezetsa zaka zilizonse. Anthu opanda izi zowopsa amayenera kuyesedwa kwa matenda ashuga kuyambira ali ndi zaka 45. Ngati zotsatira zake ndizabwinobwino, muyenera kuchita izi zaka zitatu zilizonse. Ngati matenda a prediabetes apezeka, mayeso obwereza (kuphatikiza kuyesedwa kwa kupsinjika ndi shuga) amachitika chaka chilichonse.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, shuga ayenera kukhala ochuluka motani?

Malinga ndi chidziwitso chachipatala, shuga wamagazi amachokera ku magawo a 3,3 mpaka 5.5. Zachidziwikire, kuti munthu wodwala matenda ashuga komanso wathanzi, zizindikiritso za shuga ndizosiyana, chifukwa chake, ndi matenda ashuga, kuyang'anira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira.

Mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka, ndipo izi ndizabwinobwino. Chifukwa cha nthawi ya kapamba, kupanganso kwa insulin kumachitika, chifukwa chomwe glycemia imasinthidwa.

Palibe vidiyo yotsimikizika pankhaniyi.

Kanema (dinani kusewera).

Kwa odwala, magwiridwe antchito a kapamba amawonongeka, chifukwa chomwe chosakwanira cha insulin (DM 2) chimapezeka kapena mahomoni sanapangidwe konse (momwe zimachitikira DM 1).

Tiyeni tiwone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a matenda ashuga 2? Momwe mungayikonzere pamlingo wofunikira, ndipo chingathandize bwanji kuti chikhazikike pamlingo wovomerezeka?

Musanadziwe chomwe shuga imayenera kukhala mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, ndikofunikira kulingalira za matenda ake. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, Zizindikiro zoyipa zikupita patsogolo, zizindikilo zimawonjezeka m'masiku ochepa, zimadziwika ndi kuuma.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti wodwalayo samamvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika ndi thupi lake, chifukwa chomwe chithunzicho chikukulirakulira chikomokere cha matenda ashuga (kutaya chikumbumtima), wodwalayo amatha kuchipatala, komwe amapeza matendawo.

DM 1 imapezeka mwa ana, achinyamata ndi achinyamata, gulu la odwala lofika zaka 30. Mawonekedwe ake azachipatala:

Udzu wokhazikika. Wodwala amatha kumwa mpaka malita 5 amadzi patsiku, pomwe ludzu limakhalabe lamphamvu.
Fungo lochokera pamlomo wamkamwa (limununkhira ngati acetone).
Kuchulukitsa chilimbikitso motsutsana ndi maziko a kunenepa.
Kuwonjezeka kwamkodzo kwamkodzo patsiku kumachitika pafupipafupi komanso kukodza, makamaka usiku.
Mabala samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Matenda a pakhungu, kupezeka kwa zithupsa.

Matendawa amtundu woyamba amadziwika patadutsa masiku 15-30 atadwala matenda (rubella, chimfine, ndi zina) kapena mkhalidwe wopsinjika kwambiri. Kuti achepetse shuga m'magazi motsutsana ndi matenda a endocrine, wodwalayo amalimbikitsidwa kupatsa insulin.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umayamba pang'onopang'ono pazaka ziwiri kapena kupitirira. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40. Munthu amakhala akumva kufooka komanso kusowa chidwi, mabala ake ndi ming'alu sizichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, mawonekedwe owoneka sawonongeka, kuwonongeka kwa kukumbukira kumapezeka.

Mavuto ndi khungu - kuyabwa, kuyaka, mabala aliwonse samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Udzu wokhazikika - mpaka malita 5 patsiku.
Kukoka pafupipafupi komanso kuphatikiza, kuphatikiza usiku.
Mwa akazi, pali thrush, yomwe imavuta kuthira mankhwala.
Gawo lomaliza limadziwika ndi kuchepa thupi, pomwe zakudya zimakhalabe chimodzimodzi.

Ngati chithunzi chachipatala chafotokozedwacho chikuwonekera, kunyalanyaza zinthu kumayambitsa kukulira, chifukwa chomwe zovuta zambiri za matenda osachiritsika zikuwonekera kale.

Matenda kwambiri a glycemia amachititsa kuti azitha kuona mosavuta komanso asamakhale ndi vuto lililonse, matenda a mtima, kugunda kwa mtima, kulephera kwa impso ndi zina.

Asayansi akuwonetsa kuti alamu: kuchuluka kwa shuga mumawunikidwe si chitsimikizo chotsutsa matenda ashuga

Kampani Yopanda Ngongole Yochepa
Social Pension Agency
Ntchito ya Irtas

Malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwa kwambiri kuchokera ku International Diabetes Federation, pali anthu 382 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso anthu 316 miliyoni omwe ali ndi vuto lolephera glucose, ambiri omwe sadziwa izi.

Pakadali pano, ambiri aiwo ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda oyipa. Momwe mungawerengere?

Mafunso a owerenga athu okhudzana ndi vutoli amayankhidwa ndi katswiri wathu wokhazikika, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yophunzitsa ndi kuchiza a Diabetes Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Endocrinological Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Alexander Mayorov, MD.

Kodi ndizoyenera kuda nkhawa?

Dotolo adalengeza kwa wodwala kuti ali ndi shuga yokwezeka pang'ono m'magazi. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

glycemia wosakhazikika, pamene kusala kwamadzi a m'magazi ali m'magawo 6.1-6.9 mmol / l, ndipo maola awiri mutatha kupanikizika ndizovuta, ndiye kuti, osakwana 7.8 mmol / l,
kulolerana kwa shuga m'magazi, pamene kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kochepera 7.0 mmol / l, ndipo maola awiri mutatha kupsinjika kwa mankhwalawa kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kwa 7.8-11.0 mmol / l. Palibe zizindikiro za matenda mwa odwala motere. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Bwino kudziwa

Mwa njira

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2 zimaphatikizaponso:

zaka zopitilira 45
kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri (index yam'mimba yoposa 25 kg / m 2),
kupezeka kwa abale apamtima (makolo kapena abale / mlongo) wodwala matenda ashuga a 2)
zolimbitsa thupi
kusala kudya kwa shuga m'magazi kapena kulekerera shuga m'mbuyomu,
gestationalabetes mellitus (womwe umachitika pakakhala pakati) kapena kubadwa kwa mwana wamkulu (woposa 4 kg),
matenda oopsa oopsa (kuthamanga kwa 140/90 mm Hg. Art kapena mankhwala ake),
highensensity cholesterol ("chabwino") m'magazi ndi ochepera 0,9 mmol / l ndi / kapena mulingo wa triglycerides woposa 2.82 mmol / l,
polycystic ovary syndrome (mwa akazi),
kukhalapo kwa matenda amtima.

Pakadali pano, ambiri aiwo ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda oyipa. Momwe mungawerengere?

Mafunso a owerenga athu okhudzana ndi vutoli amayankhidwa ndi katswiri wathu wokhazikika, Mutu wa Dipatimenti Yophunzitsa Maphunziro ndi Chithandizo, Sukulu ya Akuluakulu a shuga, Federal State Budgetary Institution Endocrinological Sayansi Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Medical Science Science Alexander Mayorov.

Dotolo adalengeza kwa wodwala kuti ali ndi shuga yokwezeka pang'ono m'magazi. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

- Malinga ndi malingaliro a World Health Organization, kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso moyenera, plasma glucose (magazi ochokera m'mitsempha) pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi ochepera 6.1 mmol / l, ndipo maola awiri mutatha kuyesa kwamphamvu (perekani 75 g ya kusungunuka shuga) - ochepera 7.8 mmol / l. Kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga kumachitika ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kochulukirapo kapena kofanana ndi 7.0 mmol / L ndi / kapena maola awiri atatha kuyesedwa kumakhala kofanana kapena kofanana ndi 11.1 mmol / L. Pakati pazomwe zimachitika kale komanso matenda ashuga pali gawo la prediabetes. Mulinso magulu awiri a zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism:

glycemia wosakhazikika, pamene kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi kuli m'magawo 6.1-6.9 mmol / l, ndipo maola awiri mutatha kupanikizika ndizovuta, ndiye kuti, osakwana 7.8 mmol / l,
kulolerana kwa shuga m'magazi, pamene kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kochepera 7.0 mmol / l, ndipo patatha maola awiri mutatha kupanikizika kumakhala magawo 7.8-1.0.0 mmol / l. Palibe zizindikiro za matenda mwa odwala motere.Koma nthawi yomweyo, ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2 zimaphatikizaponso:

zaka zopitilira 45
kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri (index yam'mimba yoposa 25 kg / m 2),
kupezeka kwa abale apamtima (makolo kapena abale / mlongo) wodwala matenda ashuga a 2)
zolimbitsa thupi

Funso: Mwakuwonetsa konse, ndili ndi matenda ashuga. koma kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikwabwinobwino ... zimachitika? Ndimakhala ndi nkhawa ndi khungu louma komanso pakamwa, kupweteka kwapafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kuwonjezereka kwakuthwa mosalekeza popanda chifukwa ... Koma sizodziwika chifukwa chake kuwunika kwa shuga sikuwululira chilichonse? Kapena si shuga? Ndipo chiyani? Alevtina

Yankho ndi: Kutchulidwa Zizindikiro zofanana kwenikweni ndi chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga. Koma musadzizindikire. Pitani kwa ochiritsira kaye. Dotolo, poganizira madandaulo anu, adzakonzekera mayeso, kuphatikizapo kuyezetsa magazi ndi zamankhwala osiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pofufuza zotsatira za mayeso a labotale, katswiriyu adzaperekanso lingaliro la akatswiri, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, lembani mayeso ena. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti shuga wamba wamagazi samatulutsa shuga. Makamaka ngati kuyesedwa kwa shuga kunachitika kamodzi. Mwa njira, ngakhale munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi vuto limodzi nthawi imodzi. Zotsatira zake ziyenera kuonedwa pazosintha. Kuphatikiza apo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidziwe kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated, yomwe imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi m'miyezi 1-3 yapitayo. Ngati matenda ashuga sawerengedwa mokhulupirika, ndiye kuti zomwe mukulemba zingasonyeze hyperthyroidism. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kupenda mahomoni a chithokomiro (makamaka mahomoni olimbitsa mtima a chithokomiro (TSH) ndi thyroxine (T4 yaulere). Musachedwe kupita ku endocrinologist, monga momwe zofotokozedwazo zingasonyezere matenda ena, omwe ndi osowa kwambiri a endocrine.

Zizindikirozi si hyperthyroidism, koma hypothyroidism, samalani. Ndi hyperthyroidism, m'malo mwake, mumachepetsa thupi kwambiri ndipo simudzachira, chifukwa kagayidwe kake kamakhala kopanda (kamenekanso koyipa, koyipa kwambiri, chifukwa palibe chomwe chimalowa ndipo zovuta zimatuluka). pitani kwa dokotala wa endocrinologist (ali pafupifupi onse otaika) ndikulamula kuti hypothyroidism ndi endocrinology ndi matenda ashuga awapatse aliyense kuti awapatse shuga koposa kamodzi, ndipo ngakhale mutadya, ndipo ngati mankhwala atayamwa, onetsetsani kuti adya, azitha kuwongolera, kenako zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kuzikana. Pambuyo pozindikira, phunzirani ndi kufunsa kuchokera kwa madokotala mafotokozedwe ndi kuwongolera, kuwongolera. Sindinali wosalamulirika ndipo ma hyper anasintha kukhala hypothyroidism - ndimavutikabe.

Ngakhale apa - amalemba ndi zolakwika - kukonza. Koma za hemoglobin, mwina akulondola, ndifotokozeranso chomwe chikuonetsa miyezi 3 ndi chiyani. Musadalire madokotala, dalirani nokha, pezani mfundo zowongolera osati momwe akufunira, koma monga momwe zikuyembekezeredwa, izi zitha kupezeka patsamba lodziwika bwino. Malinga ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro - uyu ndi Tironet. Bukulo lidakwaniritsidwa.

Magazi a shuga: gome la odwala athanzi komanso odwala matenda ashuga

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa thupi. Atatha kudya shuga ndi chakudya chamagulu, thupi limawasintha kukhala glucose, chinthu chomwe ndi gwero lalikulu komanso lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mphamvu zoterezi ndizofunikira kwa thupi la munthu kuti zitsimikizire kukwaniritsidwa kwachilengedwe kwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kuntchito ya ma neurons kupita ku njira zomwe zimachitika pama cellular. Kutsitsa, ndipo makamaka, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga mumagazi kumawonetsa mawonekedwe osasangalatsa. Magazi okwera mwadongosolo amawonetsa kukula kwa shuga.

Mwazi wamagazi amawerengedwa mmol pa lita imodzi, ochepera kwambiri mamiligalamu pa desilita iliyonse. Mchitidwe wamagulu a shuga kwa munthu wathanzi ndi 3,6-5.8 mmol / L. Kwa wodwala aliyense, chizindikiro chomaliza ndimunthu payekha, kuphatikiza apo, phindu limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi chakudya, makamaka zotsekemera komanso zamafuta ochepa, mwachilengedwe, kusintha koteroko sikumadziwika ngati kwachidziwikire komanso kwakanthawi kochepa.

Ndikofunikira kuti mulingo wa shuga ukhale mulingo wamba. Kutsika kwamphamvu kapena kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose m'magazi sikuyenera kuloledwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zazikulu komanso zowopsa pamoyo komanso thanzi la wodwalayo - kusowa kwa chikumbumtima mpaka matenda a shuga.

Mfundo zoyendetsera thupi:

Kuti akhalebe ndi glucose wabwinobwino, kapamba amatulutsa mahomoni awiri - insulin ndi glucagon kapena ma polypeptide hormone.

Insulin ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic, akumamasula poyankha glucose. Insulin ndiyofunikira maselo ambiri amthupi la munthu, kuphatikiza minyewa ya minofu, maselo a chiwindi, maselo amafuta. Hormoni ndi mapuloteni okhala ndi ma amino acid osiyanasiyana 51.

Insulin imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

imawuza minyewa ndi maselo a chiwindi chizindikiro chomwe chimafuna kuphatikiza glucose wotembenuka mwanjira ya glycogen,
amathandizira maselo amafuta kupanga mafuta posintha mafuta acid ndi glycerin,
imapereka chizindikiro kwa impso ndi chiwindi kuti chisiye kubisalira kwa glucose awo pogwiritsa ntchito kagayidwe kazakudya - gluconeogenesis,
imalimbitsa maselo am'mimba ndi maselo a chiwindi kuti apatule mapuloteni kuchokera ku amino acid.

Cholinga chachikulu cha insulin ndikuthandizira thupi kuyamwa michere mukatha kudya, chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mafuta ndi amino acid kumatsika.

Glucagon ndi mapuloteni omwe ma cell a alpha amatulutsa. Glucagon imakhudzanso shuga wa magazi omwe ndi osiyana ndi insulin. Pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachepera, timadzi timene timapereka kwa maselo am'misempha ndi maselo a chiwindi kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito ya glucose monga glycogen ndi glycogenolysis. Glucagon imathandizira impso ndi chiwindi kuti zimitsegulidwe.

Zotsatira zake, glucagon ya mahomoni amatenga glucose kuchokera ku ziwalo zingapo ndikuwasunga pamlingo wokwanira. Izi zikapanda kuchitika, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsikira pansi.

Nthawi zina thupi limagwirira ntchito mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zakunja kapena zamkati, chifukwa chomwe zovuta zimakhudza kagayidwe kachakudya. Chifukwa cha kuphwanya kotero, kapamba amalephera kupanganso insulin yokwanira, maselo amthupi amachitanso zolakwika, ndipo pamapeto pake msempha wamagazi umakwera. Vutoli limatchedwa shuga.

Miyezo ya shuga mwa ana ndi akulu imasiyana, mwa akazi ndi amuna sasiyana. Mtengo wa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi umakhudzidwa ndi momwe munthu amayesera pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena atadya.

Machitidwe ovomerezeka a shuga m'magazi mwa akazi ndi 3.5-5.8 mmol / l (zomwezo ndizomwe zimachitika pakugonana kwamphamvu), izi ndizofunikira pazowunikira m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ziwerengero zowonetsedwa ndi zolondola potenga magazi kuchokera pachala. Kusanthula kuchokera kumitsempha kumatsimikizira zikhalidwe zovomerezeka kuyambira 3,7 mpaka 6.1 mmol / L. Kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro mpaka 6,9 - kuchokera m'mitsempha mpaka 6 - kuchokera pachala kumawonetsa mkhalidwe wotchedwa prediabetes. Matenda a shuga ndi vuto la kulephera kwa glucose komanso glycemia. Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa 6.1 - kuchokera pachala ndi 7 - kuchokera m'mitsempha, wodwala amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Nthawi zina, kuyezetsa magazi kuyenera kumwedwa nthawi yomweyo, ndikuyenera kuti wodwalayo adya kale chakudya. Poterepa, miyambo ya shuga m'magulu akuluakulu imasiyana 4 mpaka 7.8 mmol / L. Kusuntha kuchoka pazowoneka bwino kupita ku mbali yaying'ono kapena yayikulu kumafuna kusanthula kowonjezera.

Mwa ana, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumasiyana malinga ndi zaka za makanda. Mwa makanda, zikhalidwe zoyenera zimachokera ku 2.8 mpaka 4.4 mmol / L. Kwa ana azaka zapakati pa 1-5, Zizindikiro kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.0 mmol / lita zimawoneka ngati zabwinobwino. Muyezo wa shuga wamagazi mwa ana opitirira zaka zisanu ndiwofanana ndi zizindikiritso za akulu. Zizindikiro zopitilira 6.1 mmol / lita zimawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga.

Ndi isanayambike mimba, thupi limapeza njira zatsopano zogwirira ntchito, poyamba zimakhala zovuta kuzolowera kusintha kwatsopano, nthawi zambiri zimalephera, chifukwa chotsatira chomwe zotsatira zambiri za kusanthula ndi mayeso zimachoka pachizolowezi. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumasiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika kwa munthu wamkulu. Mwazi wa shuga wamagazi kwa akazi omwe akuyembekezera mawonekedwe a mwana ali pamtunda kuchokera pa 3,8 mpaka 5.8 mmol / lita. Akalandira mtengo wapamwamba, mayiyo amapatsidwa mayeso owonjezera.

Nthawi zina pakati pa nthawi yoyembekezera, matenda amiseche amachitika. Njira ya pathological iyi imachitika theka lachiwiri la kubereka, mwana atawonekera mosadalira. Komabe, ngati pali zovuta zina mutabereka mwana, matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kusanduka shuga. Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa matenda oopsa, ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kuyezetsa magazi, kutsatira malangizo a dokotala.

Pansipa pali matebulo achidule omwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kufunika kwake kwa thanzi la munthu.

Tcherani khutu! Zomwe zafotokozedwazo sizimapereka kulondola kwa 100%, popeza wodwala aliyense ndi payekhapayekha.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi - tebulo:

Kukula kwa shuga m'magazi ndikupatuka ndikufotokozera mwachidule:

Magazi a shuga m'magazi ndi chiopsezo cha thanzi. Ma boleng amaperekedwa mmol / lita, mg / dl, komanso mayeso a HbA1c.

Shuga wamagazi akakwera mwa munthu wathanzi, amadzimva kukhala zosasangalatsa, chifukwa chakukula kwa matenda a shuga, Zizindikiro zakuchipatala zimakulirakulira, ndipo matenda ena angachitike motsutsana ndi maziko a matendawo. Ngati simukuonana ndi dokotala pazoyambitsa zovuta za metabolic, mutha kuthamangitsa matendawa, chifukwa sizingakhale bwino kuchiza matenda ashuga, chifukwa ndi matendawa mungathe kukhala bwino.

Zofunika! Chizindikiro chachikulu cha shuga m'magazi ndikumva ludzu. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi ludzu pafupipafupi, impso zake zimagwira ntchito kwambiri kuti azitha kusefa shuga wambiri, pomwe amamwa chinyezi kuchokera ku minyewa ndi maselo, motero pamakhala ludzu.

Zizindikiro zina za shuga wambiri:

chilimbikitso chowonjezereka kuti mupite kuchimbudzi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotuluka, chifukwa chogwira impso kwambiri,
mucosa wowuma mkamwa,
kuyabwa pakhungu,
kuyabwa kwa mucous nembanemba, wotchuka kwambiri mu ziwalo zamkati,
chizungulire
kufooka kwathupi kwa thupi, kuchuluka kwa kutopa.

Zizindikiro za shuga ya magazi ambiri sizimatchulidwa kawirikawiri. Nthawi zina matendawa amatha kupita patsogolo kwathunthu, njira yamtunduwu yopanda matenda imakhala yowopsa kuposa njira yomwe ili ndi chithunzi cha chipatala. Kuzindikira matenda osokoneza bongo kumakhala kudabwitsa kwathunthu kwa odwala, pofika nthawi imeneyi kusokonezeka kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito kwamankhwala kungawonedwe m'thupi.

Matenda a shuga amayenera kupitilizidwa ndi kuyesedwa pafupipafupi ndi kupaka shuga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mita ya shuga m'magazi. Popanda kuchitira chithandizo mosalekeza, masomphenyawo amachepa m'madwala; muzochitika zotsogola, njira zothetsera khungu zimatha kuyambitsa khungu. Shuga wambiri ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima ndi stroko, kulephera kwa impso, gangrene kwamanja. Kuyang ant ana kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi ndi gawo lalikulu mankhwalawa matenda.

Ngati zizindikiro zapezeka, simungathe kudzichitira nokha mankhwala, kudzichiritsa nokha osazindikira mozama, kudziwa zina zake, kupezeka kwa matenda opatsirana kumatha kukulitsa zovuta zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chimachitika mosamalitsa dokotala.

Tsopano mukudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwa munthu wamkulu. Wodwala wodwala wathanzi, mtengo wamtunduwu umasiyana ndi 3,6 mpaka 5.5 mmol / lita, chizindikiro chomwe chimakhala ndi 6.1 mpaka 6.9 mmol lita imawonedwa ngati prediabetes. Komabe, shuga wokwera sikukutanthauza kuti wodwalayo adzakhala ndi matenda ashuga, koma uwu ndi nthawi yodya zinthu zapamwamba komanso zoyenera, kuti atengere masewera.

Zoyenera kuchita kuti muchepetse magazi:

kuwongolera kulemera koyenera, ngati pali owonjezera mapaundi, kuchepa thupi, koma osati mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zotopetsa, koma mothandizidwa ndi zolimbitsa thupi ndi zakudya zabwino - wopanda mafuta ndi chakudya chamthupi mwachangu,
muzidya zakudya zanu, dzazani menyu ndi masamba ndi zipatso, kupatula mbatata, nthochi ndi mphesa, zakudya zokhala ndi fiber yambiri, chotsani zakudya zamafuta ndi zophika, mkate ndi confectionery, mowa, khofi,
Onani njira zogwirira ntchito ndikupumula, maola 8 patsiku - nthawi yochepera kugona, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugone ndi kudzuka nthawi yomweyo,
Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse, pezani masewera omwe mumakonda, ngati ilibe nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, gawani mphindi zosachepera makumi atatu patsiku kuti muchite masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa, ndikofunika kwambiri kuyenda mlengalenga,
lekani zizolowezi zoyipa.

Zofunika! Simungathe kufa ndi njala, khalani ndi zakudya zotopetsa, zakudya zama mono. Zakudya zoterezi zimadzetsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri la metabolic ndipo zimathandizanso kuti pakhale matenda osakhazikika omwe amakhala ndi zovuta zambiri.

Odwala omwe ali ndi shuga yayikulu magazi, makamaka, odwala matenda a shuga amayenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga tsiku lililonse, makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti odwala amafunika kupita kuchipatala tsiku lililonse kuti akaunike. Kuyesa kungachitike kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera - glucometer. Glucometer ndi chida chaching'ono chamomwe chimayeza shuga m'magazi, mizere yoyesera imalumikizidwa ndi chipangizocho.

Kuti muyeze Mzere woyezera, ikani magazi ochepa kuchokera pachala, kenako ndikuyika Mzere mkati mwa chipangizocho. Pakadutsa masekondi 5-30, mita ndi yomwe imatsimikizira chisonyezo ndikuwonetsa zotsatira za kusanthula pazenera.

Ndikwabwino kuchotsa magazi kuchokera pachala, mutapanga punction yokhala ndi lancet yapadera. Panthawi ya njirayi, malo omwe amapumira amayenera kupukutidwa ndi mowa wa mankhwala kuti apewe matenda.

Mtengo uti woti usankhe? Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu ya zida zotere, mitundu imasiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe.Kuti musankhe chida choyenera kwambiri poyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, choyamba funsani ndi dokotala wanu ndikufotokozeranso zabwino za mtundu wina pamiyeso ina.

Ngakhale kuyesedwa kwakunyumba sikoyenera kupereka chithandizo ndipo sichingakhale chovomerezeka pakuchitidwa opaleshoni yomwe akufuna, amathandiza kwambiri kuwunika thanzi lanu tsiku ndi tsiku. Potere, wodwalayo adziwa nthawi yoyenera yokwanira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, ndipo, m'malo mwake, amwe tiyi wokoma ngati shuga agwera kwambiri.

Kusanthula kwa ndende ya glucose poyambira ndikofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Palibe chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwunika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a prediabetes, ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso kupewa kusintha kwa prediabetes kukhala ndi matenda ashuga, ndizotheka kupewa.

Anthu omwe achibale awo okalamba amadwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukayezetsa chaka chilichonse. Komanso, chaka chilichonse amalimbikitsidwa kuyesa mayeso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Odwala ena a zaka zosaposa 40 ayenera kuyezetsa magazi a shuga kamodzi pazaka zitatu.

Kangati kupereka kuwunika kwa odwala pakati? Pafupipafupi kuyesedwa kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kwa amayi apakati ndi omwe adalembedwa ndi adokotala. Zabwino koposa zonse, ngati mayi yemwe akuyembekezera kubadwa kwa mwana amayezetsa shuga kamodzi pamwezi, komanso panthawi yoyesedwa magazi ndi mayeso ena owonjezera a shuga.

Zolemba zina zofananira:

Wochirikiza wa gulu loyamba, chipatala chaumwini "Dobromed", Moscow. Katswiri wothandizirana ndi Sayansi yamagetsi "Diabetes-Sugar.rf".

Mu thupi, njira zonse za metabolic zimachitika mogwirizana. Ndi kuphwanya kwawo, matenda osiyanasiyana ndi matenda am'matumbo amayamba, pakati pake pomwe pali kuwonjezeka shugamu magazi.

Tsopano anthu amamwa shuga wambiri, komanso chakudya chamafuta ambiri. Palinso umboni kuti kumwa kwawo kwachulukitsa ka 20 m'zaka zapitazi. Kuphatikiza apo, zachilengedwe ndi kukhalapo kwa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopanda chilengedwe m'zakudya zakhudza thanzi la anthu posachedwa. Zotsatira zake, njira za metabolic zimasokonekera mwa ana ndi akulu omwe. Kusokonezeka kwa lipid metabolism, kuchuluka kochulukirapo pa kapamba, kamene kamatulutsa mahomoniinsulin.

Ali mwana, mikhalidwe yolakwika ya kudya imapangidwa - ana amamwa sokosi, kudya mwachangu, tchipisi, maswiti, etc. Zotsatira zake, chakudya chamafuta kwambiri chimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi. Zotsatira zake - zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimatha kuchitika ngakhale mwa mwana, pomwe kale matenda ashuga Amawaganizira kuti ndi matenda a okalamba. Pakadali pano, zizindikiro zakuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi zimawonedwa kawiri kawiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumayiko otukuka kukukulira chaka chilichonse.

Glycemia Izi ndizomwe zili ndi shuga m'magazi a anthu. Kuti mumvetsetse tanthauzo la lingaliro ili, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti glucose ndi ziti ndikuwonetsa zomwe glucose ayenera kukhala.

Glucose - chomwe ndi thupi, zimatengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe munthu amadya. Glucose ndiye monosaccharide, chinthu chomwe ndi mtundu wamafuta m'thupi la munthu, michere yofunika kwambiri kumachitidwe amanjenje apakati. Komabe, zochulukirapo zake zimadzetsa kuvulaza thupi.

Kuti mumvetsetse ngati matenda akulu akupezeka, muyenera kudziwa bwino lomwe mulingo wabwinobwino wa shuga mwa akulu ndi ana. Mulingo wothira magazi, womwe ndi wofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito, umakhala ndi insulin. Koma ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni awa sikupangidwa, kapena matupi awo samayankha mokwanira ku insulin, ndiye kuti shuga yamagazi imakwera. Kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikiro ichi kumakhudzidwa ndi kusuta, zakudya zopanda thanzi, komanso zovuta zina.

Yankho la funsoli, kodi shuga ndimagazi a munthu wamkulu bwanji, limapereka World Health Organisation. Pali miyeso yovomerezeka ya shuga. Kuchuluka kwa shuga okwanira m'mimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera m'mitsempha yamagazi (magazi amathanso kukhala kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala) akuonetsedwa patebulo pansipa. Zizindikiro zikuwonetsedwa mu mmol / L.

Chifukwa chake, ngati zizindikirozo zili pansipa, ndiye kuti munthu hypoglycemiangati apamwamba - hyperglycemia. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti zosankha zilizonse ndizowopsa mthupi, chifukwa izi zikutanthauza kuti kuphwanyidwa kumachitika mthupi, ndipo nthawi zina kumasintha.

Munthu akamakula, mphamvu yake ya insulin imayamba kuchepa chifukwa chakuti ena mwa ma cell amafa, komanso kulemera kwa thupi kumakulanso.

Amavomerezedwa kuti ngati magazi a capillary ndi venous ayesedwa, zotsatira zake zimatha kusinthasintha pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, pozindikira zomwe zili bwinobwino shuga, zotsatira zake zimakhala zochulukirapo. Mulingo wamba wamadzimadzi magazi ndi 3.5-6.1, magazi a capillary ndi 3.5-5,5. Mchitidwe wa shuga mutatha kudya, ngati munthu ali wathanzi, amasiyana pang'ono ndi izi, akukwera mpaka 6.6. Pamwamba pa chizindikiro ichi mwa anthu athanzi, shuga samachuluka. Koma musakhale ndi mantha kuti shuga ya magazi ndi 6,6, chochita - muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Ndizotheka kuti kafukufuku wotsatira akhale ndi zotsikirapo. Komanso, ngati mungapange kusanthula kamodzi, shuga wamagazi, mwachitsanzo, 2.2, muyenera kubwereza kusanthula kwanu.

Chifukwa chake, sikokwanira kungoyesa shuga kamodzi kokha kuti mudziwe matenda a shuga. Ndikofunikira maulendo angapo kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, momwe nthawi iliyonse imatha kupitilira muyeso wosiyanasiyana. Mapangidwe apakati amayenera kuwunikiridwa. Ndikofunikanso kuyerekezera zotsatirazo ndi zizindikiro ndi deta yoyeserera. Chifukwa chake, mukalandira zotsatira za mayeso a shuga, ngati 12, choti muchite, katswiri adzakuuzani. Zotheka kuti ndi shuga 9, 13, 14, 16, matenda a shuga atha kukayikiridwa.

Koma ngati chizolowezi cha shuga m'magazi chitha kupitirira apo, ndipo zizindikiritsozo kuyambira chala ndi 5.6-6.1, ndipo kuchokera m'mitsempha ndikuyambira 6.1 mpaka 7, izi zimadziwika kuti prediabetes(kulolerana kwa shuga).

Ndi zotsatira kuchokera mu mtsempha wa oposa 7 mmol / l (7.4, etc.), ndipo kuchokera chala - pamwamba pa 6.1, tikulankhula kale za matenda ashuga. Pa mayeso odalirika a matenda ashuga, mayeso amagwiritsidwa ntchito - glycated hemoglobin.

Komabe, popanga mayeso, zotsatira zake nthawi zina zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi shuga wamagazi mwa ana ndi akulu omwe amapereka. Kodi shuga ndi chiyani mwa ana amapezeka pagome pamwambapa. Ndiye, ngati shuga ndiwotsika, zikutanthauza chiyani? Ngati mulingo wachepera 3.5, izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo wapanga hypoglycemia. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga achepetse amatha kukhala othandizira, ndipo amatha kukhala ogwirizana ndi pathologies. Mwazi wamagazi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza matendawa ndikuwunika momwe chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chikugwirira ntchito komanso chiphuphu cha shuga. Ngati glucose musanadye, ola limodzi kapena maola awiri mutatha kudya, osapitilira 10 mmol / l, ndiye kuti mtundu wa 1 shuga umalipidwa.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, njira zowunikira zimagwira. Pamimba yopanda kanthu, mulingo sayenera kupitirira 6mmol / l, masana chovomerezeka sichiri kuposa 8,25.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyeza magazi awo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala magazi shuga mita. Kuunikira moyenera zotsatirazi zikuthandizira tebulo loyeza ndi glucometer.

Kodi shuga amapezeka motani tsiku lililonse kwa munthu? Anthu athanzi ayenera kupanga mokwanira zakudya zawo popanda maswiti ogwiritsa ntchito molakwika, odwala matenda ashuga - amatsatira malangizo a dokotala mosamala.

Chizindikiro ichi chikuyenera kuyang'anira akazi. Popeza azimayi ali ndi mawonekedwe ena a kuthupi, kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi kumatha kusiyanasiyana. Kuchuluka kwa glucose sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala matenda. Chifukwa chake, popanga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa akazi, ndikofunikira kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikumadziwika pakapita msambo. Munthawi imeneyi, kuwunikaku kungakhale kosadalirika.

Mwa azimayi patatha zaka 50, nthawi ya kusintha kwa thupi, kusintha kwakukulu kwa mahomoni kumachitika m'thupi. Pakadali pano, zosintha zimachitika mu kayendedwe ka chakudya. Chifukwa chake, amayi opitirira 60 ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti shuga amayenera kuwunika pafupipafupi, kwinaku akumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a amayi apakati kumatha kusinthanso. At wa mimba kusiyanasiyana kwa chizolowezi kumawerengedwa kuti ndikuwonetsa kuti kukuwonetsa mpaka 6.3. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa amayi oyembekezera kukupitilira 7, uwu ndi mwayi wowunikira pafupipafupi komanso kusankhidwa kwa maphunziro owonjezera.

Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi mwa amuna ndi wokhazikika: 3.3-5.6 mmol / l. Ngati munthu ali wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa glucose mwa amuna sikuyenera kukhala okwera kapena otsika kuposa izi. Chizindikiro chokhazikika ndi 4,5, 4.6, ndi zina. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mndandanda wazikhalidwe za azibambo, ayenera kukumbukira kuti amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60 ndi apamwamba.

Shuga wowonjezera amatha kutsimikiziridwa ngati munthu ali ndi zizindikilo zina. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mwa munthu wamkulu komanso mwana ziyenera kumuchenjeza:

kufooka, kutopa kwambiri,
cholimbikitsidwa kulakalaka Kuchepetsa thupi,
ludzu ndi kumverera kosalekeza kukamwa kowuma
kukoka kambiri komanso pafupipafupi, maulendo a usiku kupita kuchimbudzi ndi chikhalidwe,
mafinya, zilonda ndi zotupa zina pakhungu, zotupa zotere sizichira,
kuwonetsedwa pafupipafupi kwa kuyabwa m'misempha, kumaliseche,
kukulira chitetezo chokwanirakuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, kuzizidwa pafupipafupi, ziwengomwa akulu
kuwonongeka kowoneka, makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 50.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa zisonyezo zotere kungasonyeze kuti pali kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti zizindikiritso za shuga wambiri zimatha kuwonetsedwa kokha mwa zina mwazowonetsa. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale pokhapokha ngati zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa shuga zikuwoneka mwa munthu wamkulu kapena mwana, muyenera kuyesedwa ndi kudziwa shuga. Kodi ndi shuga wanji, ngati wokwera, chochita, - zonsezi zimatha kupezedwa mwa kufunsira katswiri.

Gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga limaphatikizapo omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja la matenda ashuga, kunenepa, matenda a kapamba, etc. Ngati munthu ali mgululi, ndiye kuti phindu limodzi silitanthauza kuti matendawo kulibe. Kupatula apo, matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amapezeka popanda zizindikiro ndi mawonekedwe, osatsimikizira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyesa mayeso angapo nthawi zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa mwina pakakhala kuti pali zomwe zikuwonetsedwazo, zomwe zikuwonjezereka zimachitika.

Ngati pali zizindikiro zoterezi, shuga wamagazi amakhalanso wapamwamba kwambiri panthawi yoyembekezera. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri. Ngati glucose panthawi yapakati imakwezedwa, kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani komanso zoyenera kukhazikitsa podzikhazikitsa, dokotala ayenera kufotokozera.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kuwunikira kolimbikitsa kwabwino ndikothekanso. Chifukwa chake, ngati chizindikiro, mwachitsanzo, 6 kapena shuga wamagazi, izi zikutanthauza chiyani, zitha kutsimikizika pokhapokha maphunziro obwereza kangapo. Zoyenera kuchita ngati mukukayika, ndizomwe zimawonetsa dokotala. Pozindikira, atha kukuwonetsani mayeso owonjezera, mwachitsanzo, mayeso ololera a glucose, mayeso okhudza shuga.

Adatchulidwa kuyeserera kwa shugae ikuchitika kuti adziwe zobisika za matenda a shuga, komanso ndi thandizo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi matenda a kusokonezeka mayamwidwe, hypoglycemia.

NTG (kulolerana kwa shuga) - ndi chiyani, adokotala amafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane. Koma ngati chikhalidwe chololera chikuphwanyidwa, ndiye kuti theka la anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatenga zaka zopitilira 10, 25% izi sizisintha, ndipo 25% imazimiririka.

Kusintha kwa kulolerako kumathandizira kutsimikiza kwa zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism, zobisika komanso zowonekera. Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamayesa mayeso omwe phunziroli limakupatsani mwayi wofotokozera za vutoli, ngati mukukayika.

Kuzindikira koteroko ndikofunikira makamaka pazinthu ngati izi:

ngati palibe chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo mkodzo, cheke chimavumbulutsa shuga nthawi ndi nthawi.
makamaka ngati palibe zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, zimadziwoneka zokha polyuria- kuchuluka kwamikodzo patsiku kumachulukana, pomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakhala kwabwinobwino,
kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo wa mayi woyembekezera panthawi yotseka mwana, komanso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso komanso chithokomiro,
ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, koma shuga kulibe mkodzo, ndipo zomwe zili m'magazi ndizabwinobwino (mwachitsanzo, ngati shuga ndi 5.5, mukayang'anidwanso ndi 4,4 kapena kutsika, ngati 5.5 panthawi ya pakati, koma zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimachitika) ,
ngati munthu ali ndi masanjidwe amtundu wa matenda ashuga, koma palibe zizindikiro za shuga,
mwa azimayi ndi ana awo, ngati kulemera kwa kubadwa kwa omwe anali oposa makilogalamu anayi, pambuyo pake kulemera kwa mwana wazaka chimodzi kulinso kwakukulu,
mwa anthu ndi mitsempha, retinopathy.

Kuyesedwa, komwe kumayesa NTG (kulolera shuga), kumachitika motere: poyamba, munthu yemwe akuyesedwa amakhala ndi m'mimba yopanda magazi kuti atenge magazi kuchokera ku capillaries. Pambuyo pake, munthu ayenera kudya magalamu 75 a shuga. Kwa ana, mlingo mu magalamu amawerengedwa mosiyanasiyana: 1 makilogalamu kulemera 1.75 g shuga.

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi, magalamu 75 a shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndipo ndi koyenera kudya kuchuluka kotere, mwachitsanzo, kwa mayi woyembekezera, muyenera kudziwa kuti pafupifupi shuga wofanana amapezeka, mwachitsanzo, chidutswa cha mkate.

Kulekerera kwa glucose kumatsimikiziridwa ola 1 ndi 2 zitatha izi. Zotsatira zodalirika kwambiri zimapezeka pambuyo pa ola limodzi pambuyo pake.

Kuyesa kulolera kwa glucose kumatha kukhala pa tebulo la zizindikiro, mayunitsi - mmol / l.

Potemkin V.V. Endocrinology, Mankhwala - M., 2016 .-- 444 p.
Ametov A.S. Granovskaya-Tsvetkova A.M., Kazey N.S. Osadalira insulin wodwala matenda osokoneza bongo: zoyambira za pathogenesis ndi mankhwala. Moscow, Russian Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 1995, masamba 64, kufalitsidwa sikunatchulidwe.
Tabidze, Nana Dzhimsherovna Shuga. Moyo / Tabidze Nana Dzhimsherovna. - Moscow: Russian State Humanitarian University, 2011 .-- 986 c.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.