Zizindikiro komanso chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri

Matenda a shuga nthawi zina amatchedwa matenda oyamba a nthawi yathu - chaka chilichonse kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli kumangokulira. Malinga ndi lipoti la WHO la chaka cha 2016, 8.5% yaanthu akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi - pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu khumi ndi awiri - ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha shuga m'magazi. Komabe, anthu wamba nthawi zambiri sazindikira kuti matendawa ndi oopsa bwanji komanso chifukwa chake akusowa kwa chithandizo. Zotsatira zake, matenda a shuga ndi amodzi mwa "opha" atatu mwa okhala m'maiko olemera, limodzi ndi matenda amtima komanso khansa.

Matenda a shuga: mitundu ndi zizindikiro za matendawa

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amaphatikizika ndi kuperewera kwa glucose metabolism m'thupi. Insulin, timadzi timene timapangidwa mu kapamba, ndiye amachititsa kuti zinthu izi zizichoka pakompyuta. Ngati pazifukwa zina insulini sikokwanira kapena minofu imasiya kuyilabadira, ndiye kuti shuga yomwe timapeza kuchokera kuzakudya imadziunjikira m'matumbo ndi ziwalo zina (mwa iwo ndi minofu yamanjenje, impso, nembanemba yam'mimba, thirakiti. Pali kusiyana: "njala pakati pazambiri." Ngakhale minofu ina imavutika popanda glucose, ina imawonongeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake.

Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga akuchitika? Yankho lomveka bwino la funsoli lilibe, komabe, asayansi chaka chilichonse amafotokoza njira zopangira matendawa. Zakhazikitsidwa kuti matenda amayamba m'njira ziwiri:

ngati kufa kwa maselo opanga insulini (chifukwa cha cholakwika chosagonja komwe minofu ya thupi imadziwika kuti ndi yachilendo ndikuwonongeka),
ngati minyewa yathupi ikulimbana ndi mahomoni awa - insulin kukana, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi chakudya chambiri chama carbohydrate (izi zimawonedwa mwa anthu onenepa).

Poyamba, madokotala azindikira matenda amtundu 1. Awa akadali matenda osachiritsika, omwe popanda kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu amapangitsa kuti wodwalayo afe. Mkhalidwe wachiwiri ndiwofanana ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, matenda okalamba ndi onenepa kwambiri.

Osakwana 10% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu amadwala matenda amtundu 1 shuga. Zimakonda kupezeka mwa achinyamata, ndipo zizindikilo zake zimawonekera mwachangu. Zoyambira kwambiri:

kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kopatsa chidwi,
njala ndi ludzu,
kuchepa thupi mwadzidzidzi (wodwalayo amatha kutaya oposa 10 kg masiku ochepa chabe),
kufooka, kugona, kuwonongeka kowoneka,
fungo la zosungunulira mkamwa.

Zizindikiro zonsezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi shuga wambiri m'matumbo: thupi limayesetsa kupatula shuga pang'onopang'ono, kuwachotsa ndi mkodzo. Ngati wodwala sangathandizidwe ndi jakisoni wa insulin, zotsatira zake zingakhale zowopsa.

Chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga a 2 ndicho njira yayitali yamatenda: anthu omwe ali ndi insulin kukaniza kwa zaka zambiri sangadziwe za matendawa ndipo samawachiza. Zotsatira zake, pofika nthawi yomwe adzaonana ndi dokotala, mkhalidwe wawo ungasokonezeke kwambiri ndi matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, mphamvu yamanjenje, maso, impso, ndi khungu.

Yesetsani kukhalapo kwa mtundu 2 wa shuga m'malembedwe ndi izi:

Nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka mwa anthu okalamba onenepa, chifukwa chake kuphatikiza kwa izi ziwiri palokha ndi nthawi yoyeserera magazi pafupipafupi ndi shuga,
Zizindikiro zowopsa - ludzu, matenda a shuga, kufooka - kwambiri sangayang'anidwe, kudandaula kwakukulu kwa wodwalayo kudzakhala kuyabwa pakhungu ndi kufooka,
zotupa zapakhungu zomwe sizinachitike m'mbuyomu: zotupa, zodzikongoletsera, zilonda m'miyendo ndi - kuchiritsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mabala,
Nthawi zambiri chifukwa chokayikira mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2 amawonetsedwa pamavuto: amkati, kupweteka m'miyendo ndi mafupa, angina pectoris, etc.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Kuyambira tsiku lomwe adotolo adatsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga 1 - moyo wa munthu ukusintha mosasinthika. Kuyambira pano, kuti asafe, azilowa jekeseni tsiku ndi tsiku, kubwezera zomwe zimachitika kuti thupi lake lipangike. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo amasunga malamulo omwe amakhazikitsidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, womwe, ndikulangizidwa koyenera, kumulola kupewa zovuta zamatendawa ndikukhala bwino mpaka ukalamba.

Moyo . Pofuna kupewa kusintha kwakukulu m'magazi a glucose (onse akuwonjezeka ndikucheperako amapha ndipo angayambitse chikomokere), wodwala matenda ashuga amtundu 1 amakakamizidwa kuwunika mosamalitsa zakudya, zovuta zamthupi ndi zamaganizidwe, kuganizira zovuta, matenda ndi zina zomwe zingakhudze kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi, wodwala aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito mita ya shuga m'magazi - zida zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi woyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga kunyumba. Komanso, odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amayendera shuga wa mkodzo pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyeserera ndikuyendera dokotala mwezi uliwonse.
Mankhwala . Chithandizo chachikulu cha odwala matenda ashuga ndi insulin, yomwe imatulutsidwa momwe ma syringe amapangira mobwerezabwereza. Mwa nthawi zonse, wodwalayo amakhala ndi zida ziwiri zotere: imodzi imakhala ndi mahomoni olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali (1-2) patsiku, ndipo enanso - "insulin" yochepa kwambiri, jakisoni wa zomwe amafunika pambuyo pa chakudya komanso kusintha kwina. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala amatenga mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amalepheretsa zovuta za matendawa (mwachitsanzo, mankhwala othandizira kupewa atherosulinosis kapena kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya zotumphukira).
Zakudya ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, ndikofunikira, koma ntchito yake ndikuwonjezera chakudya (kuwona kuchuluka koyenera kwa michere). Odwala amasunga chakudya chamagulu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mkate (XE), ndikuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe adadya panthawi ya chakudya. Izi zimafunika kuti musankhe Mlingo wa insulin.

Type 2 shuga

Zimangotengera osati kokha pakumalandira mankhwala, koma kutengera kwa wodwalayo. Chofunikira pakukhazikitsa shuga m'magazi ndikutsatira uphungu wa endocrinologist wokhudza moyo ndi zakudya. Komabe, izi sizovuta, kutengera zaka komanso zizolowezi za odwala ambiri.

Zakudya - Chofunikira kwambiri pochiza matendawa. Kukana maswiti ndi zakudya zina zamafuta ambiri kumabwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (chidziwitso pazakololedwa ndi zoletsedwa za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amaphatikizidwa mu tebulo 9 la Pevzner Clinical Nutrition System). Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zama calorie otsika zimabweretsa kuchepa thupi, zimathandizira kagayidwe kazinthu ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha minofu ndi ziwalo zathupi kuti zitheke.
Moyo . Akatswiri amati nthawi zambiri odwala matenda ashuga amene amachepetsa thupi, amakhululukidwa (kuzimiririka kwakanthawi kwa zizindikiro). Ngati shuga azikhazikika kwazaka zambiri, madokotala amatha kunena za kuchira kwathunthu. Koma vuto lofunika kwambiri chotere ndi kulimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulingaliranso zamakhalidwe awo - kuthera nthawi yochulukirapo yophunzitsa zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse, kusiya kusuta, kudya. Ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa pathological, komwe sikumasiya mwayi wodziyimira pawokha, kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya bariatric - kuchepetsedwa kwa kukula kwa m'mimba.
Mankhwala . Ngakhale gawo lalikulu la zakudya, mankhwalawa amateteza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 kuchokera ku zolakwika zazakudya. Tikulankhula za mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, omwe nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe apiritsi. Amathandizira kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga kuchokera ku chakudya, kusintha kukhudzidwa kwa minofu ku glucose komanso kumalimbikitsa endocrine kapamba. Ngati njirayi itakhala kuti siyothandiza, dokotalayo amalemberabe mankhwala oti mupeze insulin m'chipinda chake.

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti matenda ashuga ndi osachiritsika ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi (glucose) amakhala ndi mwayi wochepa wokhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wachimwemwe. Komabe, sizili choncho. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amati amathokoza njira yawoyawo chifukwa cha matenda ashuga powaphunzitsa kukhala ndiumoyo wathanzi, kusunga matupi awo bwino ndikuwakakamiza kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoyipa, mowa ndi fodya. Zachidziwikire, matendawa amakhala oopsa nthawi zonse, koma njira yovomerezeka yothandizira mankhwalawa imapereka mwayi wopangitsa matendawa kukhala ogwirizana komanso kuti athetse mavuto ambiri azaumoyo kwa zaka makumi ambiri zikubwera.

Limagwirira kukula kwa zovuta

Mu shuga mellitus, glucose, yemwe ayenera kulowa m'maselo (makamaka maselo a minofu ndi mafuta, omwe amapanga pafupifupi 2/3 pama cell onse) ndikuwapatsa mphamvu, amakhalabe m'magazi. Ngati imakwezedwa mosalekeza, popanda "kulumpha" lakuthwa, ndiye, kukhala chinthu chomwe chimapanga hyperosmolarity (chifukwa cha izi, madzimadzi amasiya minofu ndikufalikira m'mitsempha yamagazi), imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi ziwalo zamagazi. Umu ndi momwe "pang'onopang'ono", zotsatira zakachedwa zimayamba. Insulin ikayamba kusokonekera kwambiri, mavuto azovuta amakula omwe amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi, popanda iwo atha kufa kwambiri.

Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, insulin ndiyotsika. Ngati kuperewera sikumadzaza ndi ma hormone a munthu, yemwe adalowetsedwa, zovuta zimayamba mwachangu ndikufupikitsa moyo wa munthu.

Pakukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, palinso insulini yake, koma "siyimamveka" maselo omwe ayenera kugwira ntchito nayo. Pano, chithandizo chikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala apiritsi, omwe amayenera "kuwonetsa" ziwalo zofunika za insulin, chifukwa chake kagayidwe kamakonzedwe kamakhala nthawi yayitali. Apa zovuta zazovuta zimakhala zochepa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti munthu amaphunzira za matenda ake a shuga osati ndi zizindikiro zomwe zikudziwika, akamva ludzu kapena chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amwedwa, muyenera kupita kuchimbudzi usiku, ndipo pakatha zovuta.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, minyewa yamunthu imakhala yosaganizira za insulin yake yokha. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa timadzi mu jakisoni kumatulutsa kagayidwe. Chifukwa chake, ngati zakudya zapadera komanso mankhwala ochepetsa shuga sangakhale ndi shuga m'magazi pansi pa 7 mmol / l, kumbukirani: ndibwino kusankha kuchuluka kwa insulini (kunja komwe kudyetsa) insulin ndikuwongolera nthawi zonse mankhwalawa kuposa kufupikitsa nthawi yamoyo ndikuchepetsa kukula kwake kuumauma kosafunikira. Inde, chithandizo choterechi chimayenera kuperekedwa ndi katswiri woyenera wa endocrinologist, yemwe ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti chakudyacho sichothandiza kwenikweni, osati kungotsatira.

Zovuta zazovuta

Mawuwa amatanthauza zinthu zomwe zimayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kapena kutsika kwa shuga wamagazi, omwe amayenera kuthetsedwa munthawi yochepa kuti asafe. Amagawika m'magulu:

hypoglycemic (pomwe shuga achepera) kwa ndani,
Hyperglycemic zinthu.

Zoyambitsa Hypoglycemia

Nthawi zambiri, vuto loipitsitsa limayamba chifukwa cha:

kuchuluka kwa insulin (mwachitsanzo, ngati ma insulin amawerengedwa pa 100-point, ndikujambulira ndi syringe yolembedwa ndi 40 magawo, ndiye kuti, mankhwalawo anali ochulukirapo ka 2,5) kapena mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga.
ngati munthu waiwala kapena sakufuna kudya pambuyo poti waikamo mankhwala a insulin, kapena atadya, kusanza,
panali kuthekera kolimba kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga, kuphatikizapo kubereka,
munthu wodwala matendawa amamwa chakumwa choledzeretsa,
Mlingo wa insulin sunasinthidwe pomwe akumamwa mankhwala omwe amathandizanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi: beta-blockers (Anaprilin, Metoprolol, Corvitol), calcium, lithiamu, salicylic acid, vitamini B2, fluoroquinolone maantibayotiki (Levofloxacin , Ofloxacin) ndi mndandanda wa tetracycline.

Hypoglycemia nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu trimester yoyamba ya kubereka, pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana, ndikupanga kulephera kwa impso chifukwa cha matenda a impso, ndi kuphatikiza kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga ndi adrenal insufficiency kapena matenda a hypothyroid, chifukwa chakuchulukitsa kwa hepatitis kapena hepatosis yodwala.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, makamaka mtundu 1, amafunikira kudziwa bwino zomwe zimachitika mu hypoglycemia kuti azitha kudzithandiza okha nthawi yomweyo pomwa chakudya chambiri (maswiti, shuga, uchi). Kupanda kutero, ngati simukuchita izi pomwe munthuyu ali ndi vuto, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima kumakulirakulira mpaka kukomoka, komwe muyenera kuchotsako pakangotha mphindi 20 chithokomiro cham'mimba chisanafe (zimazindikira kwambiri kusowa kwa glucose ngati chinthu champhamvu).

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia ndi owopsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, onse ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo amaphunzitsidwa kuti pakalibe glucometer ndipo munthu amapezeka kuti alibe nzeru komanso popanda mboni yemwe angamuwuza amene akudwala, zomwe angatenge, chinthu choyambirira kuchita ndikumalowetsa njira ya glucose yolumikizira m'mitsempha yake.

Hypoglycemia imayamba ndi mawonekedwe a:

kufooka koopsa
chizungulire
manja akunjenjemera
njala
thukuta lozizira
dzanzi la milomo
kukopa kwa pakhungu.

Ngati kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika usiku, zolota zimayamba kugwera munthu, amalira, amatulutsa mawu osamveka, amanjenjemera. Ngati simumudzutsa komanso kuti muchepetse yankho lake kuti asamwe, iye “agona” mwakuya, mpaka kugwa.

Kuyeza kwa shuga wamagazi ndi glucometer kuwonetsa kuti mulingo wake uli m'munsi mwa 3 mmol / l (odwala matenda ashuga omwe "akudziwa" amayamba kumva zizindikiro ngakhale ziwerengero wamba, 4.5-3.8 mmol / l). Gawo limodzi limalowetsa linalo m'malo mwachangu, kotero muyenera kumvetsetsa (moyenera - kugwiritsa ntchito foni kwa katswiri wanu, endocrinologist, kapena ngakhale ambulansi yotulutsa) mu mphindi 5-10.

Ngati panthawiyi simumamwa madzi otsekemera, tiyi, osadya chakudya (zipatso zabwino siziwerengera, chifukwa mulibe glucose, koma fructose) mu mawonekedwe a shuga, uchi, maswiti kapena glucose, omwe amagulitsidwa ku pharmacy monga ufa kapena mapiritsi , gawo lotsatira likukonzekera, momwe thandizo lakhala likuvuta kale:

kupsa mtima kapena ulesi,
mawu openga
kuphwanya mgwirizano
madandaulo amaso awiri, mawonekedwe a "chifunga" kapena "ntchentche" patsogolo pa maso,
madandaulo a mtima “wosasweka” pamene, pakufufuza kugunda, kutsika kwake kwambri kumawululidwanso.

Gawo lino ndi lalifupi kwambiri. Pano abale amatha kumathandizanso pokakamiza munthu kuti amwe madzi ochepa otsekemera. Koma izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati kulumikizana ndi iye ndipo mwayi woti am'meza yankho ndi wapamwamba kuposa mwayi woti ungamutsamwitse. Ndizotheka kwambiri chifukwa chakutha kwa chakudya kulowa "mmero yopuma" kuti musapatse maswiti kapena shuga wokhala ndi zizindikiro zotere, mutha kungochotsa chakudya chamagulu ochepa amadzimadzi.

Zizindikiro zakuchedwa:

kulephera kudziwa
kukokana
Khungu limakhala lotumbululuka, lozizira, lokutidwa thukuta.

Mothandizidwa ndi izi, chithandizo chitha kuperekedwa ndi gulu la ambulansi kapena wogwira ntchito iliyonse yazaumoyo yemwe ali ndi zida zothandizira ndi 4-5 ampoules ya 40% shuga. Zingwe ziyenera kupangidwa m'mitsempha, ndipo mphindi 30 zimaperekedwa kuti zithandizidwe.Ngati mulibe nthawi yopangira jakisoni munthawi imeneyi, kapena ngati mulowa kuchuluka kwa glucose okwanira 40% kuti akweze ku manambala ocheperako, pali mwayi kuti umunthu wake udzasinthidwe mtsogolo: kuchokera pakusakwanira komanso kusinthika kukhala mkhalidwe wamasamba ("ngati chomera"). Kulephera kwathunthu kupereka chithandizo mkati mwa maola awiri kuchokera pakukomoka, mwayi wa munthu woti afe ndi wokwera kwambiri. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi njala yamphamvu, yomwe imabweretsa kutupa kwa ma cell aubongo komanso kuwoneka kwamatumbo mwa iwo.

Chithandizo cha hypoglycemia chimayambira kunyumba kapena pamalo pomwe munthuyo "adagwidwa" ndi kuchepa kwa shuga. Chithandizocho chimapitilirabe mu ambulansi ndipo chimathera m'chipinda choperekera chisamaliro kuchipatala chapafupi kwambiri (chomwe chili ndi dipatimenti ya endocrinology). Kukana kugonekedwa kuchipatala ndi koopsa, chifukwa pambuyo pa hypoglycemia, munthu amafunikira kuyang'aniridwa komanso kupenda mlingo wa insulin yomwe watengedwa.

Hypoglycemia Katetezedwe

Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, izi sizitanthauza kuti masewera olimbitsa thupi amabadwa nanu. Pamaso pawo, mumangofunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta omwe amapangidwa ndi magawo awiri a mkate, zomwezo zimayenera kuchitika mutatha maphunziro. Ngati mukufuna kupita kumsasa kapena kusuntha mipando, yomwe imatenga maola opitilira 2, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini yochepa kwambiri kapena theka. Zikatero, muyenera kuthandizanso magazi anu pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer.

Chakudya chamadzulo chikuyenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni. Zinthu izi zimatha kusintha kukhala glucose, ndipo zimachita izi kwa nthawi yayitali, zimapereka usiku wopanda hypoglycemia.

Mowa ndiye mdani wa wodwala matenda ashuga. Kuchulukitsa kwakukulu kotheka kumukhazikitsidwa masana ndi 50-75 magalamu.

Hyperglycemic zinthu

Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu itatu ya nkhwawa (ndi zakale, zokomera):

ketoacidotic,
lactic acidotic
hyperosmolar.

Zonsezi zovuta zimachitika motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha kuchuluka kwa magazi. Amathandizidwa kuchipatala, m'chipinda chothandizira kwambiri.

Ketoacidosis

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazovuta za matenda ashuga amtundu 1. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala:

Pakapita nthawi yayitali kumwa mankhwala a insulin kapena mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa chosadya, kutentha thupi, kunyansidwa kapena kusanza,
mutadziletsa nokha pamankhwala omwe ali pamwambawa, omwe amachitika pazifukwa zomwezi,
kukula kwa matenda oopsa a kutupa, makamaka omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana,
Mlingo wokwanira insulin,
kuchuluka kwa matenda aliwonse osachiritsika,
makonzedwe a insulin kapena
vuto la mtima
sitiroko
kuvutika
mankhwalawa (chifukwa cha kutaya kwa madzimadzi, kuchepa kwa magazi, chifuwa - anaphylaxis, kuwola kwamankhwala ochepa pamene akutenga Mlingo woyamba wa antibayotiki),
sepsis
iliyonse, makamaka mwadzidzidzi, opaleshoni.

Poyerekeza ndi kufalikira kwamphamvu kwa insulin, glucose (gawo lalikulu lamphamvu) limasiya kulowa m'maselo, kudzikundikira m'magazi. Maselo ochokera munthawi ino "mphamvu yanjala", omwe amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha thupi. Poyankha kupsinjika, "mahomoni opsinjika" amatulutsidwa mwamphamvu m'magazi: adrenaline, cortisol, glucagon. Amawonjezera shuga wamagazi kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa gawo lamadzi kumaonjezera. Izi ndichifukwa choti zinthu zosafunikira kwenikweni, zomwe ndi glucose, "zimakoka" madzi kuchokera m'maselo kupita m'magazi.

Kuphatikizika kwakukulu kwa glucose sikungathenso kuchepetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwamagazi, kotero impso zimathandizira pochotsa mafuta awa. Koma zimakonzedwa kuti, pamodzi ndi shuga, ma electrolyte (sodium, chloride, potaziyamu, fluorine, calcium) alowe mkodzo. Amachotsedwera pakukopa madzi kwa iwo. Zotsatira zake, kusowa kwamadzi kumachitika mthupi, impso ndi ubongo zimayamba kudwala chifukwa chosakwanira magazi. "Njala ya oxygen" imapereka chisonyezo cha kupangika kwa lactic acid, chifukwa pH ya magazi imasunthira mbali ya acidic.

Nthawi yomweyo, thupi liyenera kudzipatsa lokha mphamvu, popeza, ngakhale pali mpweya wambiri, sufika pama cell. Kenako imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta mu minofu ya adipose. "Zotsatira zoyipa" zoperekera maselo mphamvu kuchokera ku mafuta ndizowoneka m'magazi a ketone (acetone). Amapitilizanso kukhathamiritsa kwa magazi a pH, komanso kumatha kuwononga ziwalo zamkati:

pa ubongo - kuchititsa kukhumudwa,
pamtima - kuthyola chingwe,
pamimba, kupangitsa kusanza kosapweteka ndi kupweteka kwam'mimba kufanana ndi apendende,
kupuma, kupangitsa kuti zichitike

Zizindikiro za Ketoacidosis

Ketoacidosis imayamba ngati magawo anayi otsatizana:

Ketosis Khungu louma ndi ma mucous membrane zimawonedwa, muli ndi ludzu kwambiri, kufooka ndi kugona, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumachepa, mutu umatuluka. Amasanduka mkodzo wambiri.
Ketoacidosis. Munthu "amagona panjira", osayankha mayankho a mafunso, fungo la acetone limamveka kuchokera kumwamba. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepa, palpitations imachuluka, kusanza kumawonekera. Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumachepa.
Precoma. Ndikovuta kwambiri kudzutsa munthu, pomwe amakonda kusanza m'maso ofiira. Pakati pakusanza, mutha kuzindikira kuti kupuma kwapumira kwasintha: kwakhala kukuchitika, phokoso. Khungu limaoneka pamasaya. Kukhudza pamimba kumayambitsa kupweteketsa mtima.
Coma Kutaya chikumbumtima. Mwamunayo ndi wotumbululuka, masaya ake ndi pinki, mpweya wake ndi wopanda phokoso, amanunkhira acetone.

Kuzindikira za vutoli kumakhazikitsidwa ndi kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, pomwe matupi a shuga ndi ketone amatsimikiza mu mkodzo. Omalizirawo amatha kuzindikiridwa kunyumba ali ndi zingwe zapadera zoyesedwa mu mkodzo.

Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimachitika m'chipinda chosamalirira odwala kuchipatala ndipo chimakhala chodzaza ndi insulin chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amangokhala, omwe amathandizidwa mosalekeza, mumitsempha yaying'ono, kulowa m'mitsempha. Njira yachiwiri ya "chinsomba" chachiwiri ndikubwerera kwa munthu komwe madzi ake amata, momwe amapangira mayankho ion-ion, kudzera m'mitsempha.

Hyperosmolar chikomokere

Izi ndi zotsatira za matenda ashuga mwa abambo ndi amayi, nthawi zambiri okalamba, omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Amayamba chifukwa chakuchuluka kwa glucose ndi sodium m'magazi - zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa magazi kwa maselo ndikufinya bedi lamitsempha ndi "madzimadzi" otengedwa kuchokera ku minofu.

Hyperosmolar coma imachitika motsutsana ndi maziko osakanikirana am'madzi chifukwa chosanza komanso kutsekula m'mimba chifukwa cha matenda am'mimba, poyizoni, cholecystitis, kapamba, kuchepa kwa magazi, komanso mankhwala okodzetsa. Pankhaniyi, payenera kukhala kuchepa kwa insulin, kuchulukitsidwa ndi kuvulala, kulowererapo, mahomoni.

Vutoli limayamba pang'onopang'ono - masiku angapo kapena masiku angapo. Poyamba, zizindikiro za matenda am'mimba zimachepa: ludzu, mkodzo wowonjezera, komanso kuchepa kwa thupi. Kugwetsa minofu yaying'ono kumawonekera, komwe pang'onopang'ono kumachulukana ndikusintha kukhala kukokana. Pondapyo idasweka, nseru ndi kusanza zimawonekera, chifukwa chake

Patsiku loyamba kapena pambuyo pake, chikumbumtima chimasokonezeka. Poyamba, izi ndizosokoneza malo, kenako kuyerekezera zinthu zina ndi zabodza. Pambuyo pake, zizindikilo zofanana ndi za omwe ali ndi stroko kapena encephalitis zimayamba: kupuwala, kusalankhula pakamwa, kusuntha kwa maso. Pang'onopang'ono, munthu amakhala "wosagwedezeka" kwambiri, kupuma kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopambanitsa, ndipo samanunkhiza acetone.

Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimakhala podzaza kuchepa kwa insulin, madzimadzi ndi ma electrolyte, komanso kuchiza matenda omwe adayambitsa vuto la shuga. Imachitika m'chipatala mosamala kwambiri.

Lactic Acid Coma

Vutoli limakonda kukhala mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2, makamaka okalamba (azaka 50 ndi akulu). Choyambitsa chake ndikuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili ndi lactic acid (lactate) m'magazi. Vutoli limapweteketsedwa ndi matenda a mtima ndi mapapu, omwe mpweya wofala wamthupi umayamba.

Pathology imawonekera ngati kuwonongeka kwa matenda a shuga:

ludzu lochulukirapo
kufooka, kutopa,
kuchuluka kwamikodzo.

Mutha kukayikira lactic acidosis chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa minofu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa lactic acid mwa iwo.

Ndiye, mwachangu kwambiri (koma osati m'mphindi, ngati hypoglycemia), kuphwanya kwa boma kukuchitika:

Kusintha kwa chikumbumtima
kusintha kwa phokoso
kusokonezeka kwa mtima
kutsitsa magazi.

Muzochitika izi, imfa imatha kuchitika chifukwa chomangidwa kupuma kapena kulephera kwa mtima, motero kugonekedwa kuchipatala kuyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu.

Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo

Mtundu wamtunduwu wa hyperglycemic coma ungathe kusiyanitsidwa kokha kuchipatala, pomwepo nthawi yomweyo ndikuthandizira munthu pomupatsa insulin, mayankho okhala ndimadzimadzi ndi ma electrolyte, komanso kuchuluka kotsimikizika kwa yankho la zamchere ndi mankhwala omwe amathandizira ntchito zamtima.

Machedwe mavuto

Izi zimathandizanso kuti moyo ukhale wopepuka, koma zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, zimayamba pang'onopang'ono.

Mavuto ena ophatikizika amaphatikizapo magulu awiri akuluakulu a ma pathologies:

Zotupa zam'mimba za ziwalo zosiyanasiyana.
Zowonongeka pazida zamanjenje.

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amatenga zaka 20 kapena kupitilira atadwala. Zimachitika koyambirira, nthawi yayitali kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhala m'magazi.

Retinopathy

Uku ndi kupsinjika komwe kumakhala kocheperako kapena kocheperako kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndipo amatsogolera kuwonongeka kwamaso. Matenda a shuga a retinopathy nthawi zambiri kuposa zotsatira zina zomaliza amabweretsa kulemala, kupangitsa munthu kuona. Kwa wakhungu m'modzi, pazifukwa zina, 25 ndi akhungu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya shuga.

Kutalika kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali mumitsempha ya retina kumabweretsa kufupika. Ma capillaries amayesa kulipirira vutoli, kotero m'malo ena amatulutsa thumba ngati thumba, pomwe magazi amayesa kusinthana ndi zinthu zofunika ndi retina. Zimakhala zoyipa, ndipo retina akuvutika ndi vuto la kusowa kwa mpweya. Zotsatira zake, mchere wamchere ndi lipids amayikidwamo, ndiye kuti zipsera ndi zisindikizo zimapangidwa m'malo mwake. Ngati njirayi yapita kutali, kudziyimira kwam'tsogolo kumatha kubweretsa khungu. Komanso, kupweteka kwamatumbo kapena glaucoma kungayambitse khungu.

Matendawa amadziwonetsa ndi masomphenya owonongeka pang'onopang'ono, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe owoneka (amayamba kuwoneka bwino m'mbali). Ndikofunika kuzizindikira pamagawo oyamba, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyesedwa ku ophthalmologist, kufufuza kwa maso, kuyang'ana kwa ziwiya zam'mimba miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi chimodzi.

Nephropathy

Vutoli limapezeka mwa odwala with omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndipo amatanthauza matenda ena a impso, omwe amatsogolera pakupanga kulephera kwa aimpso. Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba amwalira chifukwa chake.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a impso a shuga zitha kupezeka pakuwunika mkodzo patatha zaka 5 mpaka itatha matendawa atadwala.

Mukukula kwake, nephropathy imadutsa magawo atatu:

Microalbuminuria Pafupifupi palibe zomverera; kuthamanga kwa magazi kumangokulirapo. Mu mkodzo wosungidwa maola 24, enzyme immunoassay, radioimmune ndi njira za immunoturbidimetric.
Proteinuria Pakadali pano, mapuloteni ambiri amatayika mkodzo. Kuperewera kwa mapuloteni omwe kale anali ndimadzi m'matumbo kumapangitsa kuti madzi atulutsidwe. Umu ndi momwe edema imakhalira, makamaka pa nkhope. Komanso, mu 60-80% ya anthu, onse "apamwamba" ndi "otsika" akuwonjezeka.
Kulephera kwa impso. Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumachepa, khungu limakhala louma komanso lotuwa, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumadziwika. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala magawo a mseru komanso kusanza, ndipo chizindikiritso chimavutikanso, chifukwa munthu amakhala wonyozeka komanso wosakhazikika.

Macroangiopathy

Umu ndi momwe nyengo ya shuga imapangira nyengo m'matumbo akuluakulu kuti mapangidwe a atherosulinotic akhazikike mwa iwo. Chifukwa chake zotengera zamagazi kumtima zimakhudzidwa (kenako angina pectoris ndi myocardial infarction zimachitika), kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono (izi zimabweretsa gangrene), ubongo (izi zimayambitsa kukula kwa encephalopathy ndi stroke), pamimba (mesenteric thrombosis imayamba).

Chifukwa chake, matenda a shuga a m'mimba amadziwika ndi kufooka kwapang'onopang'ono ndikuchepetsa kugwira ntchito, kusintha kwa mtima, chidwi, kuganiza ndi kukumbukira, kupukusa mutu.

Macroangiopathy yam'munsi yotsika imawonetsedwa ndi zovuta m'mayendedwe amiyendo m'mawa, zomwe zimadutsa, mwa kutopa kochulukirapo kwa minofu ya mwendo, kumverera kozizira mwa iwo ndi thukuta kwambiri. Kupitilira apo, miyendo imakhala yozizira kwambiri, yopanda dzanzi, pamwamba pa misomali imakhala yofiyira, yoyera. Pambuyo pa gawo ili, lotsatira limayamba, pamene munthu ayamba kulumala chifukwa zimapweteka kuyenda. Kupweteka kumeneku kumatha kuchitika modekha. Pa miyendo, khungu limasinthasintha ndikuchepera. Gawo lomaliza la mavutowa ndi genital la phazi, zala, mwendo wapansi.

Ndikusokonezeka kwakukulu m'magazi m'miyendo, zilonda zam'mimbazi zimawonekera.

Kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje

Kuchepetsa kotereku, pomwe mbali zamkati ndi zamkati zimakhudzidwa, zimatchedwa diabetesic neuropathy. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga zovuta zowopsa - phazi la anthu odwala matenda ashuga, omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti mwendo wanu udulidwe.

Kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga a m'mimba sikumamveka bwino. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose kumapangitsa kuti edema ndi kuwonongeka kwa minyewa yamitsempha, pomwe chachiwiri - kuti ma terminal a mitsempha amavutika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya zawo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamitsempha.

Neuropathy imatha kuwonekera mosiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu wake:

Sensory neuropathy imabweretsa kusokonezeka kwamphamvu, kumverera kwa "goosebumps" kapena chnessness, makamaka pamunsi. Pomwe zikupita patsogolo, zizindikirozi zimadutsa m'manja (m'dera la "magolofu"), pachifuwa ndi pamimba. Chifukwa cha kuphwanya komanso kumva kupweteka, munthu sangathe kuwona kuvulala kwa khungu, komwe mu shuga amakhala ndi chizolowezi chofuna kuchiritsa komanso kuthandizira bwino.
Njira yamtima imawonetsedwa ndi kugunda kwamtima kwakapumula, komwe kumaphwanya kusinthasintha kwa mtima ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi.
Mawonekedwe am'mimba. Kupita kwa chakudya kudzera m'mero kumasokonekera, mphamvu yam'mimba imathandizira kapena kufulumira, zomwe zimakhudza kukonza kwa chakudya. Pali kusintha kwa m'mimba ndi kudzimbidwa.
Fomu ya urogenital imachitika pamene mitsempha ya sacral plexus imavutika. Zimawoneka ngati kuphwanya mgwirizano wa ma ureters ndi chikhodzodzo, kuwonongeka kwa erection ndi ejaculation mwa amuna, mwa azimayi - maliseche owuma.
Mtundu wa khungu umawonetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa tiziwopsezo thukuta, chifukwa cha zomwe ma manambala amuma.

Neuropathy ndimavuto owopsa, chifukwa munthu amasiya kumva kuti ndi hypoglycemia chifukwa chophwanya kuzindikirika kwa zizindikilo za thupi lake.

Fomu la Neuropathic

Amakhala mu 60-70% ya milandu ya phazi la matenda ashuga; imachitika chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yapang'onopang'ono, yomwe imasiya kupatsirana ndizovuta zam'mapazi kapena m'manja.

Imadziwonetsera ngati khungu lakukhuthala m'malo okhala ndi kupsinjika (nthawi zambiri pa lokha komanso pakati pa zala), mawonekedwe a kutupa pamenepo, komanso zolakwika zam'mimba. Phazi limatupa ndikuwotcha kukhudza, mafupa ndi mafupa a phazi amakhudzidwanso, chifukwa chomwe zimayamba kubanika. Osati zilonda zokha, komanso ma fractures samakhalira limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a ululu chifukwa chakuphwanya kuzindikira kupweteka.

Kodi kuchitira mochedwa zotsatira za matenda ashuga

Chithandizo cha zovuta za matenda a shuga zimakhazikika pa "zipilala zitatu":

Kuchepa kwa glucose, kuibweretsa ndikuyisunga mokwanira pamlingo wachilengedwe sichotsika kuposa 4,4, koma osati kupitirira 7 mmol / l. Pachifukwa ichi, insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito - yochepa komanso yotalikilapo kanthu (ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga 1) kapena mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga (a matenda a 2).
Malipiro a metabolic omwe "asochera" chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin. Pachifukwa ichi, kukonzekera kwa alpha-lipoic acid amalembera (Berlition, Dialipon), kukonzekera mtima: Pentoxifylline, Actovegin, Nicotinic Acid. Pamaso pa index ya atherogenic yapamwamba (imatsimikizika ndi kusanthula kwa mawonekedwe a lipid), mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol amadziwika: ma statins, fibrate, kapena kuphatikiza kwake.
Chithandizo cha zovuta zopangika:
- Ndi retinopathy, makamaka koyambirira, kuwala kwa laser kwa retina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kuwona. Vitrectomy amathanso kuchitidwa - kuchotsa kwa vitreous.
- Pamene nephropathy imalembedwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ("Lisinopril", "Enalapril"), zakudya zopanda mchere wokhazikitsidwa, kuwonjezeka kwa chakudya kumafotokozedwa m'zakudya kuti athe kulipira ndalama zamagetsi. Ndi kukula kwa aimpso kulephera, peritoneal kapena hemodialysis kumasonyezedwa malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa. Kuika impso kukhoza kuchitika.
- Neuropathy imafunikira chithandizo ndi mavitamini a B, omwe amasintha impuction kuchokera ku mitsempha mpaka minofu. Kuphatikiza kwapakati pa minyewa yopumira: Gabopentin, Pregabalin, Carbamazepine.
- Ndi phazi la matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuchiritsa mabala, kutenga maantiiconic okhwima, kuvala nsapato zapadera zamavuto apakhungu ovulala, ndikuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Mavuto a shuga kwa ana

Popeza matenda amtundu 1, momwe akusowa insulin, nthawi zambiri amakula ubwana, zovuta zazikulu za matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi ketoacidosis ndi hypoglycemia. Amawoneka chimodzimodzi ndi akulu. Ndi hypoglycemia, kunjenjemera kumawonekera, thupi limakutidwa ndi thukuta lozizira, mwana amatha kupempha chakudya.

Nthawi zina chizindikiro choyambirira chomwe matenda a shuga amapezeka ndi kupweteka kwam'mimba komanso kusanza, chifukwa chomwe mwana amagonekedwa kuchipatala mwina ndi kuchipatala chopatsirana opereshoni (ululu umafanana kwambiri ndi wa appendicitis). Komanso, nditatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso kuyesa mayeso ena, kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga kumakhazikitsidwa.

Pachimake lactic acidotic ndi hyperosmolar zovuta za ana sizikhalidwe, zomwe zimayamba kwambiri.

Koma pali zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudza ana:

aakulu insulin. Amayamba ndi mlingo wosankhidwa bwino kapena kuchepa kwake kosaloleka. Imadziwoneka ngati kukula kwa kukula, kutha msanga, chitukuko, kuyamba kwa mavuto ndimitsempha yamagazi. Chithandizo: ndemanga
aakulu bongo wa insulin. Zimawonetsedwa ndi chilakolako chambiri, kunenepa kwambiri, kutha msanga komanso kukula msanga. M'mawa, mwana amamva zizindikiro za hypoglycemia (njala, kufooka, thukuta, kunjenjemera, vuto lakukula). Chithandizo: kuwunikanso mlingo.

Mavuto amachedwa, makamaka macroangiopathies, amakhala ndi vuto la anthu odwala matenda ashuga a 2 omwe ali ndi zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo, ndipo samakonda kukhala ndi ana.

Kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa mwana ndi chiopsezo choti angadwale microangiopathy, kuwonongeka kwa impso, mtima, kuwonongeka kwa mtima kwa atherosulinotic, angina pectoris ndi kulephera kwa aimpso akakalamba /

Momwe mungapewere kukula kwa zotsatira za matenda ashuga

Njira zopewera zovuta za matenda ashuga ndizowonjezera shuga komanso glycated hemoglobin m'magazi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic, osankhidwa ndi dokotala, kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, onetsetsani kulemera kwanu, kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa mdzina la moyo wabwino. Muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi sikuyenera kupitirira kuchuluka kwa ma 130/80 mm Hg.

Ndikofunikira kuti mupitilize maphunziro: kuyezetsa magazi, kuyesa mkodzo, kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, kufufuza kwa thumba, kufunsa kwa madokotala a mtima Osataya tsiku ndi tsiku kudya kwa aspirin kuti muchepetse magazi: izi zimalepheretsa vuto la mtima, magazi akulu kapena stroko.

Ndikofunikanso kuyang'anira kwambiri kupenda thupi lanu, makamaka miyendo kuti muzindikire ndi kuchiritsa mabala, ming'alu ndi zilonda. Popewa matenda ashuga:

Kutenthetsa mapazi anu osati ndi zida zamagetsi kapena malo osambira, koma ndi masokosi amtovu,
Valani nsapato zabwino
kuchita zolimbitsa thupi miyendo tsiku lililonse
gwirirani misomali ndi fayilo,
Mukatha kusamba, pukuta mapazi anu pang'onopang'ono ndi zinthu zofewa, nyowetsani khungu lanu ndi kirimu wa vitamini.

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga izi:

Momwe mungasungire thanzi: malangizo a dokotala wamkulu Nikolai Amosov

Matenda a shuga m'magulu amuna, ndi zomwe muyenera kudziwa

Mowa ndi zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi za shuga

Zipatso Zabwino Zabwino Zapamwamba Zokhalira ndi shuga

Ubwino wodabwitsa wa tiyi wa rooibos

KULAMBIRA KWA CATASTROPHIC KWA ZIWANDA

Matenda a shuga ndi World Health Organisation

Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin komanso osapatsa insulin: kusiyana

Mankhwala amakono amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya shuga.

Mtundu woyamba umatchedwa insulin-wate.

Ndi matendawa, kapamba sangathe kupanga yekha insulin. Mtundu wachiwiri, kapamba samatulutsa insulin yokwanira, kapena thupi silimayankha izi. Mtundu wotsiriza ndi mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga - gestational.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa amayi oyembekezera ndipo zimasowa mwana atabadwa. Jenda komanso zaka za wodwalayo zilinso ndi tanthauzo. Ngati jenda sikukhudza kwenikweni chitukuko cha matenda amtundu 1, chachiwiri zimachitika mwa azimayi. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika patatha zaka 40.

Zizindikiro Za Khansa Yamatenda a 2

Palibe zizindikiro zakunja zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi matendawa. Uku ndikusiyana kwina pakati pa matendawa ndi mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga.

Wodwalayo amadzuka, zomwe nthawi zina zimachitika chifukwa chogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. M'malo mwake, thupi limakhala likuchitika kale mu pathological process, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma metabolism asokonekera, ndipo poizoni amayamba kupanga.

Nazi zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe odwala ambiri amakumana nazo:

Pakamwa pakamwa ndi ludzu losatha,
Khungu
kutopa kosalekeza ndi kugona,
Mavuto am'maso: chilichonse chimatha kuwonekera pamaso panu,
akumwetulira miyendo
kukodza pafupipafupi
kumangokhala ndi njala komwe kumatha osatha kudya.

Munthu amatha kulemera kwambiri kapena, matendawa. Nthawi zambiri mwa odwala matenda a shuga a 2, mavuto amayambira mu moyo wapamtima. Akazi nthawi zina amakhala ndi matenda obwera ndi ukazi. Chizindikiro china cha matendawa ndi khungu louma komanso ma mucous membrane.

Popeza munthu amataya madzimadzi ambiri ndi mkodzo, nembanemba yake imakhala youma. Khungu limataya zotanuka, limatenga tint lapansi. Itha kuwoneka ngati yauve, makamaka pama khoma.

Popeza ndizovuta kuzindikira matenda ashuga ndi zizindikiro zakunja, kuyesa kwa labotale ndikofunikira. Choyamba, uku ndi kuyesa kwa kulolera kwa glucose, koma pali ena.

Mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa matupi a ketone. Zomwe zimayambitsa zosiyanasiyana zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Pakati pawo - kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kusuta fodya, kunenepa kwambiri, moyo wongokhala, kukonda kudya mwachangu. Matendawa amatha kupatsirana ndi cholowa.

Kusowa kwa insulini sikofunikira monga mtundu 1 wa shuga. M'magazi ake, zitha kukhala zowonjezereka kuposa zabwinobwino, koma zimakhala kuti zimasokonekera.

Kuyesa kwa shuga ndi njira zina zodziwira matenda

Ngakhale kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zatchulidwazi, ndikadali koyambilira kudziwa kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Kupenda kokha ndi komwe kumatha kudziwa matendawa molondola.

Chosavuta kwambiri pa izi ndi kuyesa kwa mkodzo ndi magazi kwa shuga, komwe kumachitika mu labotale. Kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, zomwe zimawoneka kuyambira 3.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Kuzindikira kuyenera kuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuti azindikire kulolera kwa glucose komanso mitundu yapitayi ya matenda ashuga, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mayeso omwe amatchedwa kupsinjika. Kusintha kwa magazi pazinthu zotere kumachitika kangapo.

Choyamba, kuzindikira kwake kumapangidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, nthawi yotsatira mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito manyuchi okoma. Mulingo wa glucose chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose upambana 11 mmol / l, matenda a shuga amapezeka.

Pasakhale shuga mkodzo. Ngati wapezeka, titha kunena kuti matendawa akuchitika koyamba, kapena chithandizo cha wodwalayo chimayenera kusintha.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 akutsatidwa mosiyanasiyana. Kuchiza mokwanira matendawa kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino.

Wodwala amayenera kuwunika momwe alili: kuwunika kunenepa, kukakamizidwa, ndi shuga wamagazi. Chakudya ndichofunika kwambiri.

Kuti ziwiya ndi mitsempha zizikhala ndi thanzi, muyenera kupewa zakudya zokazinga ndi zamafuta, komanso zakudya zopezeka ndi cholesterol (mazira, batala). Kugwiritsa ntchito mchere ndi shuga kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Ngati wodwala akuona kuti akulemera, zakudya zake ziyenera kuonedwa mwachangu.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso kwambiri. Matenda ambiri mwa munthu amayambika chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino, choncho muyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Onetsetsani kuti mumayezetsa dokotala pafupipafupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo amatipatsa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga komanso amalimbikitsa kupanga insulin ndi minofu. Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi Starlix, Metformin, zotumphukira za thiazolidinone ndi ena.

Simuyenera kuyamba kumwa insulin mosafunikira. Kukhala kovuta kwambiri kukana pambuyo pake. Kudya pafupipafupi pamodzi ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikuyambitsa kukula kwa hypoglycemia.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mita ndi mizere yoyesera

Chida chofunikira kwambiri chomwe munthu aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala nacho ndi glucometer. Zimakuthandizani kuyeza kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndikusintha zakudya molingana ndi izi. Mutha kuzigula pa pharmacy iliyonse, ndipo makampani ambiri a inshuwaransi amalipira kugula chipangizo choterocho ndi zingwe zoyesa.

Nayi chitsogozo chofulumira kugwiritsa ntchito mita:

ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire malamulo mosamala ndikugwiritsa ntchito, kenako ndikusamba m'manja mokwanira. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito kumalo komwe wodwala amatenga magazi. Monga lamulo, limatengedwa kuchokera pachala, koma glucometer yatsopano amakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lililonse la dzanja,
Mpira wakotoni uyenera kuwira ndi mowa. Kenako mtanda wazolowera umayikidwa mu zitsulo za mita,
ndikofunikira kupukuta gawo lomwe sampuyo ikuyenera kupukuta ndi thonje la thonje. Palibenso chifukwa chodikirira kuti zitheke: Izi zikuthandizira kuuma,
ndiye muyenera kudikira mpaka chipangizocho chikufunsani kuti mufaye dontho la magazi pa mzere woyesera,
ndi lancet yapadera, yomwe imaphatikizidwa nthawi zonse, muyenera kutenga dontho la magazi. Kenako imayikidwa pa chingwe choyesa.

Tsopano zikungodikira zotsatira. Sampani ikalowa mu mzere ndikuzindikiridwa ndi mita, kuwerengera kumayamba. Nthawi yodikira imatengera mtundu wa chipangizocho. Zipangizo za m'badwo wakale nthawi zambiri zimatenga masekondi 20-30, zatsopano zimakhala zokwanira zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Zotsatira zikalandilidwa, chipangizocho chidzakulira.

Glucometer Optium Omega

Muzipatala mumatha kupeza zida zosiyanasiyana. Mukamasankha, muyenera kuyang'anira mitengo yonse ya chipangizocho payokha komanso mtengo wa mizere yoyesera. Chimodzi mwazodalirika komanso chofunikira kwambiri pamtengo ndi Optium Omega glucometer.

Mwa zabwino zake - kuthamanga kwa phunziroli, lomwe silidutsa masekondi 5, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, komanso kuthekera kosunga zotsatira za mayeso makumi asanu omaliza.

Zomwe zapezedwa ndizoyenera kujambulidwa. Ngakhale zida zambiri zanzeru zimatha kusunga zinthu kukumbukira, buku lolembako ndi zidziwitso limatha kukhala labwino kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Pafupipafupi kwa odwala komanso odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukambirana ndi dokotala.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga A Type 2

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 sizinayambikebe. Akatswiri asayansi apadziko lonse omwe akuchita kafukufuku pamutuwu akuwonetsa mawonekedwe a matendawa ndikuphwanya chidwi chake komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimapezeka m'maselo a insulin: receptors akupitilizabe kuyankha ku insulin, koma kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chawo kumachepetsa mtundu wa izi. Kuphwanya kapangidwe ka insulin sikumachitika, koma kuthekera kwa maselo kulumikizana ndi timadzi ta kapamba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti shuga yatha.

Zina zomwe zingapangitse matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri azindikiritsidwa:

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndichokwera kwambiri pakutha msinkhu mwa achinyamata chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni.
malinga ndi ziwerengero, azimayi amatha kukhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin kuposa amuna,
Nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka mwa oyimira mu mtundu waku Africa American,
Anthu onenepa kwambiri amakonda kwambiri matenda ashuga.

Nthawi zina matendawa amatha kuonedwa mwa abale apamtima, komabe, umboni wowoneka bwino wa cholowa cha matendawa sulandilidwe pano.

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Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 2 akhale nawo, gawo lalikulu mu matenda a matenda amachitika ndi zizolowezi zolakwika: kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya kwambiri, kusuta fodya, ndi zina zotere. Mowa ungapangitse kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya kapamba, kuletsa kutulutsa insulin ndikuwonjezera chidwi chake, kusokoneza njira zama metabolic, komanso kumapangitsa kuti chiwindi chisagwire ntchito ndi impso.

Zakhala zikuwonetsedwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lauchidakwa, kapamba amachepetsa kwambiri, ndipo ma cell a beta omwe amapanga timadzi tating'onoting'ono timakhala tambiri.

Kutha kwa ethanol kutsitsa glucose wamagazi ndizowopsa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, 20% ya milandu ya hypoglycemic coma imachitika chifukwa chomwa mowa.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumadalira mlingo womwe mowa umamwa. Chifukwa chake, mukamamwa mowa wochepa (6-48 g patsiku), chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chimachepa, ndipo mukamamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zoposa 69 g patsiku, mmalo mwake, zimawonjezeka.

Mwachidule, akatswiri adazindikira kuchuluka kwa kumwa kwa prophylactic:

vodika 40 ° - 50 g / tsiku,
Vinyo wouma ndi wopanda theka - 150 ml / tsiku,
mowa - 300 ml / tsiku.

Vinyo wopaka mchere, champagne, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zakumwa zina zokhala ndi shuga ndizoletsedwa.

Odwala omwe amalandira insulin ayenera kuchepetsa mlingo wake atamwa mowa.

Mu gawo lawola, kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa zilizonse zimaphatikizidwa.

Sikulimbikitsidwa kumwa mowa pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Mowa ndi bwino kusankha mitundu yopepuka yokhala ndi digiri yotsika ya mowa.

Mukamwa mowa, simuyenera kupita kukagona osadya. Kuchokera kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga, hypoglycemic coma imatha kuchitika ngakhale mutagona.

Mowa ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ungaphatikizidwe m'njira, koma taganizirani ngati izi ndizofunikira?

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Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga komanso zotsatira zake

Ndi matendawa, kagayidwe kazakudya umasokonekera, ndipo chifukwa cha matenda oterewa, ziwalo zamkati zimayamba kugwira ntchito.

Vuto limodzi la mtundu 2 wa shuga ndi matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis. Zimachitika chifukwa chakuti matupi a ketone kapena zinthu zosokonekera zamafuta zimadziunjikira m'thupi.

Zotsatira zake, munthu amatha kukumbukira nthawi zina, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga. Ngati mulingo woyenera wosankhidwa bwino ndipo nthawi zina, hypoglycemia imayamba.

Ubongo umafunika shuga kuti uzigwira bwino ntchito, ndipo mantha amkati amakhala ndi vuto lakelo. Hyperglycemia imatha kukhala vuto linanso la matenda ashuga pakakhala shuga wambiri m'thupi.

Nthawi zina, mavuto ena akulu azaumoyo amabuka:

matenda ashugaMomwe miyendo ya munthu imakhudzidwira. Ma supplements amatha kuwoneka, nthawi zina amabweretsa gangore,
sitiroko, chomwe ndi zotsatira za kufalikira kwamisala,
vuto la mtimachifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zama coronary,
polyneuropathykupezeka pafupifupi theka la odwala matenda ashuga.

Mavuto akayamba kukhala owuma, odwala amafunikira kuchipatala. Wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala, mavitamini, ndipo ngati pakufunika kutero, opaleshoni imachitidwa.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Type 2

Zowunikira zazikulu zomwe zikuwonetsa chitukuko cha matenda a shuga a 2 ndi:

kufuna kumwa nthawi zonse,
kukodza pafupipafupi,
Kulakalaka kwanyanja
amatanthauza kusinthasintha kwamanja m'thupi lililonse,
kumva kuti watopa komanso watopa.

Zizindikiro zachiwiri zikuphatikiza:

chitetezo chofooka, pafupipafupi matenda opatsirana,
kusokonezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa miyendo, pruritus,
kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
Kupangidwa kwa zilonda zakunja ndi kukokoloka, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchiritsa.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amatha kuchitika mosiyanasiyana:

digiri yofatsa - ndikotheka kusintha mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ndikusintha mfundo za zakudya, kapena pogwiritsa ntchito kapisozi imodzi ya othandizira kuchepetsa shuga patsiku,
digiri yapakatikati - kusintha kumachitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito kapisozi awiri kapena atatu a mankhwala ochepetsa shuga patsiku,
mawonekedwe owopsa - kuwonjezera pa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, muyenera kusankha pakukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin.

Kutengera kuthekera kwa thupi kulipirira zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism, pali magawo atatu:

Gawo lakulipira (kusintha).
Gawo lachigawo (chosinthika pang'ono).
Gawo la kuwonongeka (mavuto osasintha a kagayidwe kazakudya).

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Makanema okhudzana nawo

Ponena za zizindikiro ndi matenda amshuga mtundu 1, 2 mu kanema:

Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe samadalira insulini okha, koma ngati atalandilidwa bwino, munthuyo amva bwino. Chakudya chosankhidwa bwino, masewera olimbitsa thupi, moyo wathanzi chingakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa komanso kupewa zovuta.

Mavuto ndi zotsatirapo zake

Mitsempha yama mtima imakonda kwambiri zovuta za matenda ashuga a 2. Kuphatikiza pa mtima wa mtima, zizindikiro zina zingapo zimatha kukhazikika: kuchepa tsitsi, khungu louma, kuwonongeka kwa misomali, kuchepa magazi komanso thrombocytopenia.

Mwa zovuta zazikulu za matenda ashuga, zotsatirazi ziyenera kufotokozedwa:

kupita patsogolo kwa atherosulinosis, kuchititsa kuphwanya magazi, komanso miyendo ndi minyewa yaubongo,
sitiroko
kuwonongeka kwaimpso,
kuwonongeka kwa retina
kusintha kwa minyewa ndi minyewa yamitsempha,
kukokoloka ndi zilonda zam'munsi,
matenda opatsirana (matenda a bacteria ndi fungal omwe ndizovuta kuchiza),
hypoglycemic kapena hyperglycemic chikomokere.

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Zotsatira zake

Chifukwa chakuti njira zochizira matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa kuti tilephere kubwezera kapena kubwezera chipukutiro, tidzidziwitsa bwino za malingaliro ofunikira kuti tiwone zotsatira zake.

Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi shuga pamlingo wocheperako, koma palibe zovuta, ndiye kuti thupi limatha kulimbana ndi vuto la kudya kagayidwe kazakudya.

Ngati mulingo wa shuga ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe zinthu zovomerezeka zimakhalira, ndipo chizolowezi chakukula kwa zovuta chikuwoneka bwino, ndiye kuti izi zikuchitika: thupi silingapirire popanda thandizo lakuchipatala.

Palinso mtundu wachitatu, wapakatikati wamaphunzirowo: boma la zopereka. Pakulekana molondola ndi malingaliro awa, timagwiritsa ntchito chiwembu chotsatira.

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Malipiro a matenda ashuga amtundu 2

shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu - mpaka 6.7 mmol / l,
shuga kwa maola awiri mutatha kudya - mpaka 8.9 mmol / l,
cholesterol - mpaka 5.2 mmol / l,
kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo ndi 0%,
Kulemera kwa thupi - pamlingo woyenera (ngati kuwerengeredwa malinga ndi kakhazikidwe ka "kukula kokula 100"),
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi - osapitirira 140/90 mm RT. Art.

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Kulipira mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2

shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu - mpaka 7.8 mmol / l,
shuga kwa maola 2 mutatha kudya - mpaka 10,0 mmol / l,
Zizindikiro za cholesterol - mpaka 6.5 mmol / l,
kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo ndizochepa kuposa 0.5%,
Kulemera kwa thupi - kuchuluka ndi 10-20%,
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi - zosaposa 160/95 mm RT. Art.

Matenda a 2 a shuga

shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu - oposa 7.8 mmol / l,
shuga pambuyo chakudya - oposa 10,0 mmol / l,
Zizindikiro za cholesterol - oposa 6.5 mmol / l,
kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo woposa 0.5%,
Kulemera kwa thupi - zopitilira 20%,
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi - kuyambira 160/95 ndi pamwamba.

Pofuna kuteteza kusinthaku kukhala kovomerezeka kupita ku dziko lotetezedwa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino njira zowongolera. Tikulankhula za mayeso pafupipafupi, kunyumba ndi ku labotale.

Kusankha koyenera ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kangapo patsiku: m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu, mukatha kudya kadzutsa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo, komanso musanayambe kugona. Chiwerengero chocheperako ndimamawa m'mawa asanadye chakudya cham'mawa ndipo nthawi yomweyo asanakagone.

Kupezeka kwa shuga ndi acetone pamayeso amkodzo kumalimbikitsidwa kuyang'aniridwa kamodzi sabata iliyonse. Ndi boma lowumbidwa - nthawi zambiri.

Ndikotheka kupewa zovuta za matenda amtundu wa 2 ngati malangizo a dokotala amatsatiridwa mosamalitsa.

Ndi matenda a shuga, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wonse ngati mumatsatira malamulo apadera okhudzana ndi zakudya komanso moyo, komanso kumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wakulemberani, akungotsatira njira zamankhwala.

Yang'anirani bwino momwe muliri

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Kuzindikira Matenda A shuga A Type 2

Zizindikiro zamatenda a matenda am'mimba zimatha kubweretsa kale lingaliro loti munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Komabe, izi sizokwanira kutsimikizira za matendawa;

Ntchito yayikulu yodziwitsa za matenda amtunduwu ndikuwona kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa β-cell: uku ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga musanadye komanso chakudya, kupezeka kwa acetone mu mkodzo, zina. Nthawi zina kuyesedwa kwa labotale kungakhale kwabwino ngakhale pakalibe zizindikiro zamankhwala zamatenda: nthawi zotere, amalankhula zakale kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga.

Magawo a shuga a Serum amatha kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito openda okhazikika, magwiridwe oyesera, kapena mita yamagazi. Mwa njira, malingana ndi muyezo wa World Health Organisation, ngati zizindikiro za shuga m'magazi, kawiri, pamasiku osiyanasiyana, ndizoposa 7.8 mmol / lita, kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga kungachitike ngati kumatsimikiziridwa. Kwa akatswiri aku America, zikhalidwe ndizosiyana pang'ono: apa amadzakhazikitsa matenda omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zoposa 7 mmol / lita.

Njira yodalirika yoyeserera glucose ya maola awiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukayikira zakuzindikira. Kodi zimachitika bwanji:

kwa masiku atatu isanachitike phunzirolo, wodwalayo amalandira chakudya chopatsa mphamvu cha 200 ga patsiku, ndipo mutha kumwa madzi (opanda shuga) popanda zoletsa,
kuyezetsa kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo maola pafupifupi khumi adadutsa chakudya chomaliza,
magazi atha kutenga mtsempha kapena chala,
wodwala amafunsidwa kuti atenge njira yothetsera shuga (75 g pa kapu imodzi yamadzi),
kuyeretsa magazi kumachitika nthawi 5: choyamba - musanagwiritse ntchito shuga, komanso theka la ola, ola, ola ndi theka ndi maola awiri mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho.

Nthawi zina kafukufuku wotere amachepetsedwa ndikupanga zitsanzo zamagazi pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola awiri atatha kugwiritsa ntchito shuga, ndiko kuti, kawiri kokha.

Kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa shuga sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni kuzindikira matenda a shuga, popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo sikugwirizana nthawi zonse ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mu seramu yamagazi. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga mumkodzo amatha kuwoneka pazifukwa zina.

Udindo wina ukhoza kuseweredwa ndimayeso amkodzo pakuwonekera kwa matupi a ketone.

Kodi wodwala ayenera kuchita chiyani popanda kulephera, kuwonjezera pakulamulira magazi? Tsatirani kuthamanga kwa magazi ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi mumakayezetsa magazi ake. Zizindikiro zonse kwathunthu zimatha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa matendawa, komanso mtundu wa chiphuphu chazomwe zimayambira matenda.

Kuyesedwa kwa matenda ashuga a 2 kumatha kuchitika limodzi ndi zida zowunika zomwe zimapatsa mwayi kuzindikira kukula kwa zovuta. Pachifukwa ichi, wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kuti achotse ECG, excretory urography, mayeso a fundus.

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Chithandizo cha Matenda A shuga A Type 2

Mu gawo loyambirira la matendawo, nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kutsatira malamulo azakudya ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwapadera popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa kulemera kwa thupi kukhala kwazonse, izi zikuthandizira kubwezeretsa kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kupangitsa shuga kukhala m'malo abwino.

Chithandizo cha magawo azotsatira za matenda amafunikira kusankha mankhwala.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala mankhwala opatsirana kuti agwiritse ntchito mkati. Kulandila kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika kamodzi pa tsiku. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa vutoli, dokotala sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amodzi, koma kuphatikiza kwa mankhwalawa.

Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri a antiidiabetes:

tolbutamide (pramidex) - amatha kuchitapo kanthu kapamba, kuchititsa kubisika kwa insulin. Oyenera kwambiri kwa okalamba odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga. Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingakhalepo zimaphatikizaponso kugunda kwa thupi ndi kanthawi kochepa.
glipizide - ogwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pochiza odwala okalamba, ofooka komanso operewera, osakwanira pantchito ya adrenal ndi pituitary,
mannil - imakulitsa chidwi cha zolandilira zomwe zimazindikira insulin. Kuchulukitsa kwa kupanga pancreatic insulin. Mankhwala ayenera kuyamba ndi piritsi limodzi, ngati kuli kotheka, kuonjezera mlingo,
metformin - siyikukhudza kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi, koma imatha kusintha ma pharmacodynamics pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini yomasuka. Nthawi zambiri zotchulidwa odwala onenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto laimpso,
acarbose - amalepheretsa chimbudzi ndi mayamwidwe am'mimba m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndipo, motere, amachepetsa kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya magazi pambuyo pakupeza chakudya chamafuta. Mankhwala sayenera kuperekedwa chifukwa cha matendawa.
Kukonzekera kwa magnesium - kulimbikitsa kupanga kwa insulin ndi kapamba, kukhazikitsa shuga mu thupi.

Kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala kumaloledwa, mwachitsanzo:

kugwiritsa ntchito kwa metmorphine ndi glipizide,
kugwiritsa ntchito metamorphine ndi insulin,
kuphatikiza kwa metamorphine ndi thiazolidinedione kapena nateglinide.

Tsoka ilo, mwa ambiri mwa odwala matenda a shuga 2, mankhwalawa pamwambapa amatha mphamvu. Zikatero, muyenera kusintha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za insulin.

Insulin ya 2 mtundu wa mellitus imatha kutumikiridwa kwakanthawi (kwa zovuta zina zopweteka) kapena pafupipafupi, pamene chithandizo chamankhwala cham'mbuyomu chamtunduwu sichitha.

Inde, chithandizo cha insulin chiyenera kuyambika pokhapokha ngati dokotala akupatsani mankhwala. Adzasankha Mlingo woyenera ndikukonzekera mtundu wa mankhwalawa.

Insulin ikhoza kuperekedwa kuti izithandizira kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse kukula kwa zovuta za matenda. M'malo omwe adokotala amatha kusamutsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kupita ku insulin mankhwala:

ndi kuchepa msanga kwa thupi,
ndi chitukuko chowonekera cha matendawa.
osakwanira chipukuta misozi chazomwe zimachitika ndimankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga.

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kumatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala. Izi zimatha kukhala mwachangu, pakati komanso pena insulin yotalikilapo, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi jekeseni wa subcutaneous molingana ndi ndondomeko yothandizira yomwe akufuna.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Cholinga cha masewera olimbitsa thupi mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri ndikuthandizira kukhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi, kukhazikitsa zochita za insulin, kukonza magwiridwe antchito amtima komanso kupuma, komanso kulimbikitsa kugwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi chitetezo chabwino kwambiri cha mtima.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zitha kuperekedwa kwa mitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga. Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a mtima kapena matenda a mtima ndi matenda ashuga, olimbitsa thupi amasintha, atapatsidwa matendawa.

Zoyipa zolimbitsa thupi zingaphatikizeponso:

shuga wambiri (oposa 16.5 mmol / lita),
mkodzo acetone
dziko labwino.

Masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe ali odwala omwe ali pakama, koma osagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwawo, amachitika m'malo apamwamba. Odwala omwe atsala amachita makalasi akuimirira kapena atakhala.

Makalasi amayamba ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi a minofu ya kumtunda komanso yotsika komanso yopanda kulemera. Ndiye kulumikizani makalasi pogwiritsa ntchito kukana ndi kulemera, pogwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera, ma dumbbells (mpaka 2 kg) kapena mpira wolimba.

Zabwino zimawonedwa kuchokera pakupuma masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuyenda woyenda, kuyenda panjinga, kupalasa njinga, ntchito zamadziwe, ndikusewera ulandilanso ndiolandilidwa.

Ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo, yemwe akuchita maphunziro akuthupi payekha, alabadire momwe alili. Ndi chitukuko cha kumva kumva njala, kufooka mwadzidzidzi, kunjenjemera miyendo, muyenera kumaliza masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuonetsetsa kuti mudya. Pambuyo pakukula, tsiku lotsatira limaloledwa kuyambiranso makalasi, komabe, kuchepetsa pang'ono katundu.

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Ngakhale akumamwa mankhwala a shuga, njira yodalirika yoperekera shuga ndiyofunika.Nthawi zina mitundu yofatsa yamatendawa imatha kumangoletsedwa ndi chakudya, osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Pakati pa matebulo odziwika bwino, zakudya zamtundu wa 2 shuga zimafotokozedwa ngati chakudya No. 9. Mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa pachakudyachi ndi cholinga chobwezeretsanso matenda a metabolic mthupi.

Chakudya cha matenda a shuga a 2 chiyenera kukhala chokwanira komanso kuganizira kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatengera kulemera kwa thupi:

kulemera kwabwino - kuyambira 1600 mpaka 2500 kcal,
kunenepa kwambiri - kuyambira 1300 mpaka 1500 kcal,
kunenepa kwambiri kwa digiri ya II-III - kuchokera pa 1000 mpaka 1200 kcal,
IV degree kunenepa - kuchokera 600 mpaka 900 kcal.

Koma sungakhale wochepetsa nthawi zonse pama calories. Mwachitsanzo, ndimatenda a impso, arrhythmias yayikulu, matenda amisempha, gout, matenda akulu a chiwindi, chakudya chiyenera kukhala chopatsa thanzi.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusiya michere yachangu, kuchepetsa kudya ndi mafuta ambiri.

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Kulemala

Kupereka kapena kusapatsa kulumala kwa matenda a shuga a 2 amasankhidwa ndi bungwe lazachipatala ndi la akatswiri, komwe wodwalayo amatumizidwa ndi dokotala. Ndiye kuti, mutha kuyembekezera adotolo kuti asankhe kuti muyenera kulembetsa ngati mulumala, koma mutha kukakamira nokha, ndipo adotolo alibe ufulu wokukanani.

Kungoti mukudwala matenda ashuga sikumakupatsani mwayi wopunduka. Izi zimaperekedwa pokhapokha ngati zikuphwanya zochitika zina za thupi, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa ntchito yonse ya wodwala. Ganizirani njira za kupunduka:

Gulu lachitatu limaperekedwa chifukwa chofatsa kwambiri pamatendawa ndikamakhala ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwathunthu kapena kukhoza kugwira ntchito. Ngati matenda a shuga ali pafupi kubwezera ndipo simumalandira insulin, ndiye kuti kulumala sikuloledwa,
Gulu Lachiwiri limaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu (retinopathy of the II-III degree, a re impole, neuropathy of the II degree, encephalopathy, etc.),
Gulu Nditha kuperekedwa kwa odwala ovuta kwambiri, khungu, ziwopsezo zamisala, mtima wosakwanira, komanso kupezeka kwa miyendo yolumikizidwa. Odwala m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku sangathe kuchita popanda thandizo lakunja.

Gulu lolemala limaperekedwa pambuyo pofufuza wodwalayo ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito (omwe amatchedwa Commission), omwe amasankha kugawa gululi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikukambirananso zosankha zoyenera kuchita podzikonza.

Kudandaula koyimira kukhumudwitsa komiti ya akatswiri kuyenera kuphatikizapo:

Zotsatira za kafukufuku wambiri wokhudza mkodzo ndi magazi,
Zotsatira za kusanthula kwa shuga m'magazi musanadye chakudya,
kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa acetone ndi shuga,
aimpso ndi kwamankhwala am'mwazi,
ECG
Mapeto a ophthalmologist, neuropathologist, othandizira, opaleshoni.

Kuchokera pazomwe mungafune:

mawu olembedwa m'malo mwa wodwala,
pasipoti
malangizo omwe adokotala amupatsa,
khadi yachipatala yomwe ili ndi mbiri yonse yamatenda anu,
satifiketi yamaphunziro,
chithunzi cha buku lantchito
Kufotokozera za ntchito.

Ngati mukufunsanso kukonzanso za kulumala, satifiketi yomwe imati ndinu olumala imafunikanso, komanso pulogalamu yokonzanso yomwe mudapatsidwa kale.

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Mosasamala kanthu kuti mwalandira chilema kapena ayi, mutha kulembetsa mankhwala a insulini yaulere komanso zabwino zina za matenda a shuga a 2.

Zina zomwe muli ndi ufulu:

kulandira ma syringe aulere ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga,
dongosolo labwino la mayeso a glucose ndi zida zoyesera shuga,
kutenga nawo gawo pakukonzanso chikhalidwe cha anthu (kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, kuphunzitsa mu ntchito ina, kubwezeretsanso),
chithandizo cha spa.

Ngati ndinu olumala, mudzalandira ndalama (penshoni).

Amati shuga si matenda, koma njira ya moyo. Chifukwa chake, odwala ayenera kuzolowera matenda a zamatenda, kuyang'anira zakudya, kuyang'anira thupi, kuyang'anira mkhalidwe wawo ndikuyesera. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri, ndipo ndi chidwi chanu chokha chokha chomwe chingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wokwanira komanso wotakataka momwe mungathere.