Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Pancreatic

Khansa ya pancreatic ndi matenda oopsa omwe amapezeka mu gulu loyipitsa la neoplasms, mapangidwe ake omwe amapezeka mwachindunji m'dera la acini ndi ma ducts a mutu wa pancreatic. Pachigawo choyambirira, kudwala kumeneku sikuwonekera mwanjira iliyonse, koma pofika magawo ena chitukuko, chotupa chikakumana ndi ziwalo zoyandikana, njira zosasintha zomwe zimachitika mthupi, limodzi ndi chithunzi chotchulidwa kuchipatala.

Khansa yapakhungu yamutu wama 30% ya milandu imapezeka mwangozi panthawi yoyeserera kuchipatala. Nthawi zina, amapezeka kale pa magawo atatu kapena anayi a chitukuko, pomwe odwala amatembenukira kwa madokotala chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa. Tsoka ilo, madokotala sangathenso kuthandiza anthu odwala. Chokhacho chomwe chatsala mumphamvu zawo ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kwa zizindikiro ndikuwonjezera moyo wa wodwalayo kwakanthawi. Pangozi ndi anthu azaka 50-60. Ndi mu zaka za moyo uno pamene anthu amapezeka ndi khansa nthawi zambiri. Izi ndichifukwa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ukalamba womwe umachitika mthupi. Komanso, mu 70% ya milandu, khansa imapezeka mwa amuna. Asayansi amafanizira izi ndi kukhala ndi zizolowezi zoyipa.

Mawu ochepa ponena za matenda

Matendawa ndi amodzi mwa oopsa kwambiri komanso osavomerezeka. Ngakhale kuti mpaka pano kafukufuku wambiri waperekedwa kwa iwo m'magawo osiyanasiyana (opaleshoni, gastroenterology, oncology), mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri, khansa ya kapamba imapezeka kale pa siteji pamene opaleshoni yayikulu ikakhala yosatheka.

Zotupa zoyipa zimapita patsogolo ndipo zimatumiza ma metastases ku ziwalo zozungulira komanso ziwalo, zomwe zimayambitsa kupindika kwawo komanso kusowa kwa ntchito. Ndipo izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa thupi lonse. Monga momwe kuchitira nthawi yayitali kukuwonetsa, ndi matenda awa anthu amakhala osapitilira zaka 5. Matenda a khansa amapezeka pokhapokha ngati matendawa adapezeka m'mayambiriro a chitukuko, pamene pali mwayi woti akhoza kupatsanso mbali yapadera ya kapamba. Mwanjira imeneyi, munthu amakhala ndi mwayi uliwonse wochotsa matendawa ndikukhala ndi moyo mpaka kukalamba.

Mitundu ya Cancer wa Cancreatic

Khansa yam'mutu yapancreatic imapezeka mu 70% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa. Matendawa ali ndi magulu angapo, kuphatikiza mayiko onse. Mwa iwo pali gulu la TNM, momwe chilembo chilichonse chili ndi tanthauzo lake:

• Kukula kwa chotupa,
• N - kukhalapo kwa metastases mumitsempha yamagazi,
• M - kukhalapo kwa metastases kumadera akutali.

Komabe, kuwerengera kumeneku sikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. Nthawi zambiri, khansa imawerengedwa monga mwa zotsatirazi:

• zotengera zomwe zakhudzidwa - mu zotupa zambiri zoyipa zimapangidwa kuchokera ku epithelium ya milomo ya gland, nthawi zambiri kuchokera parenchymal tishu.
• kukula kwa chotupa - kufalitsa, kutuluka, kupweteka,
• mwa zizindikiro za m'mbiri - khansa ya papillary, chotupa cha mucous, scirr,
• mwa mtundu - waplasic kapena squamous.

Khansa metastasis imatha kuchitika modabwitsa komanso kudzera m'magazi. Muzochitika ziwiri zoyambirira, chotupacho chimatumiza metastases ku ziwalo zakutali - chiwindi, impso, mafupa, ndi zina zotere - kumapeto kwa ziwalo zomwe zili pafupi - m'mimba, zilonda 12 zam'mimba, ndulu, etc.

Zifukwa zachitukuko

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, khansa idapezeka zaka zambiri zapitazo. Kuyambira pamenepo, asayansi akhala akufunafuna mwakhama zomwe zimayambitsa ndikupanga mankhwala omwe angathandize kuyimitsa chotupacho ndikuletsa metastasis yake. Koma, mwatsoka, pakadali pano palibe chifukwa kapena mankhwala omwe adapezeka.

Zimavomerezeka kuti khansa ndimatenda omwe amapangidwa ndi mphamvu yayitali yoletsa zinthu zoipa mthupi, ndipo angapo nthawi imodzi. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwa anthu omwe amasuta fodya kwa zaka zingapo ndikuledzera, komanso kwa omwe samayang'anira zakudya zawo ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kapamba kuti apanikizike kwambiri.

Malinga ndi asayansi, matenda osiyanasiyana amathanso kukhala olimbikitsa pakukula kwa khansa ya kapamba (amapezeka mwa 90% ya milandu yomwe ikufanana ndi matendawa):

• matenda a biliary thirakiti
• cholecystitis
• kapamba
• kapamba (onse pachimake komanso mawonekedwe osakhazikika),
• zilonda zam'mimba
• gastritis.

Chofunikira pa nkhaniyi ndikubadwa. Ngati wina m'banjamo adapezeka kuti ali ndi khansa ya mutu wa kapamba, chiopsezo cha kupezeka kwake kwa obadwa zimachulukirapo kangapo.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, gawo loyambirira la khansa lilibe zizindikiro. Wodwalayo samva kupsinjika, kapena kupweteka, kapena kugaya chakudya. Kliniki yoyamba imawoneka pokhapokha ngati khansayo ili pachigawo chachitatu cha chitukuko chake. Monga lamulo, metastasis imachitika nthawi imeneyi ndipo sitingathandizidwe muzochitika zotere.

Ndipo polankhula za zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya pancreatic choyamba, ziyenera kudziwika kuti chizindikiro chachikulu cha chitukuko chake ndi kupweteka, komwe kungapangidwenso kwina, ndiko kuti, kuwonekera malo amodzi (nthawi zambiri mu hypochondrium wamanzere), kapena kuzungulira - perekani kumbuyo kotsika, m'mimba, sternum, etc.

Kupezeka kwa kupweteka kumachitika chifukwa chakuti chotupacho chimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo, chikukulira kukula, chimayamba kuponderezana kumapeto kwa mitsempha. Za mtundu wa zowawa, zimapweteka kwambiri. Komabe, mukakumana ndi zinthu zina, mwachitsanzo, kudya zakudya zamafuta, mowa, kupsinjika, ndi zina, zimayamba kukhala zowawa.

Popeza kapamba ndiye chimbudzi chachikulu cha chimbudzi, ndi kugonjetsedwa kwake, matenda am'mimba amadziwika, omwe amadziwonetsa okha:

• nseru
• kupewera zakudya zamafuta ndi mowa,
• kudzimbidwa,
• kusintha kwa ndowe (mumakhala chakudya chosaphika mwa iwo, kuwala kumadzaza komwe kumachitika, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusachita bwino kwa ndulu),
• kulemera m'mimba mutatha kudya.

Komanso, khansa ya mutu wa kapamba imayendetsedwa ndi:

• kuwonda mwadzidzidzi
• kukumbukira kusasamala ndi kusamalira,
• kufooka kosalekeza
• kuchepa kwa magwiridwe.

Ndi khansa ya mutu wa gland wa giredi 3-4, chithunzi pamwambapa chapamwamba chimathandizidwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Kusintha kwa ndowe komanso komwe kununkhira lakuthwa kuchokera pamenepo,
• mkodzo wakuda
• chotupa chamagetsi (chodziwika ndi chikasu cha khungu ndi khungu la maso),
• kuchuluka kwa chiwindi ndi kapamba (zotchulidwa palpation).

Milandu yomwe khansa imakula kupita ku ziwalo zina, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu cha kutseguka kwa m'mimba kapena kutuluka kwamatumbo, kusokonezeka kwa minofu ya mtima (myocardial infarction ndi stroke kungachitike), komanso kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

Zizindikiro

Pakukhazikitsidwa koyamba kwa wodwalayo, adokotala amamufufuza, amawunika mbiri yachipatala ndikufunsa wodwalayo, akuwunika kwambiri zomwe zikuwadetsa nkhawa. Komabe, potengera deta yotere, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti mudziwe zoyenera. Kupatula apo, mawonetseredwe azachipatala omwe ali ndi khansa ali ofanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimadziwika ndi matenda ena a kapamba.

Pazindikiritso, maphunziro osiyanasiyana a labotale ndi othandizira amalembedwa. Gawo loyamba ndikuwunika magazi. Ndi kukula kwa kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi, kuchuluka kwa leukocytosis ndi thrombocytosis m'magazi wapezeka. Kuyesedwa kwa biochemical kumachitidwanso, momwe mulingo wa bilirubin mwachindunji, AcT ndi Alt umapezeka.

Pakupatuka kwazinthu zonse, dokotala amakupatsirani mayeso omwenso ali ndi izi:

• kumveka kwa duodenal ndi kuwunika kwa zikhalidwe za madzi a duodenum,
• cap program (ikachitika, mulingo wa urobilin ndi sterkobilin mu chopondapo umachepetsedwa mpaka zero, ndipo steatorrhea ndi creatorrhea imachulukana kangapo),
• ultrasonography (onani osati kapamba, komanso ndulu),
• Pancreatic MRI
• MSCT ya ziwalo zonse zam'mimba,
• endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Kuchita njira zakufufuzira izi kumatipatsa mwayi kuti tizindikire osati kukhalapo kwa chotupa chovulaza, komanso malo enieni a komwe kuli, komanso kuyang'ana momwe gland imagwirira ntchito, momwe zimayambira pancreatic ndi bile ducts, ndikuwona kukhalapo kwa metastases pazinthu zina.

Nthawi zambiri, kuyezetsa kwa endoscopic ultrasound kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange matenda, omwe amasankha mtundu wa chotupa, kukula kwake, mapindikidwe amitsempha yamagazi ndi ma lymph node. Nthawi zina, kupezeka kwa biopsy kapena diagnostic laparoscopy kumapangidwa kuti apange matenda.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya mutu wapa pancreatic imachitika motere:

• opareshoni
• chemotherapeutic
• radiology
• kuphatikiza (njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi).

Chithandizo cha khansa chothandiza kwambiri ndikuchita opareshoni. Gwiritsani ntchito pokhapokha pakukula kwa matendawo. Imachitika ndi njira ya pancreatoduodenal resection. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati opareshoni ndizopangira ntchito kuti zisungike ntchito ya m'mimba; - kuchotsa zikondwererozi ndikusunga chilonda cha 12, zilonda zam'mimba za 12, chimbudzi cha biliary ndi ndulu. Mukamachita opaleshoni ya pancreatoduodenal, sikuti gawo lokhudzidwa ndi kapamba limapangidwanso, komanso zombo zomwe zimazungulira, komanso ma lymph node.

Pankhani ya carcinoma wa digiri ya 3-4, njira zomwe zili pamwambazi sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Muzochitika zotere, ntchito yachifundo imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe jaundice imachotsedwa, njira yosunthira chakudya m'matumbo ndikuyimitsa zomverera zowawa zimabwezeretseka. Nthawi zina, madokotala omwe akuchita njirayi amatha kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito. Kuti izi zitheke, opaleshoni yam'mbuyo imagwiritsa ntchito anastomoses kapena percutaneous transhepatic stenting.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yothandizira khansa ya mutu wa kapamba, chithandizo cha radiation chimachitika. Amayesedwa kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zilipo:

• zilonda zam'mimba zamtundu uliwonse,
• leukopenia
• chotupa metastasis m'mitsempha yamagazi,
• cachexia
• zolimbitsa zopinga zovuta.

Chithandizo cha radiology chimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• chotupa chosagwira ntchito atachitidwa opaleshoni kuti athetse kusungunuka kwa ma ducts a bile,
• khansa yapaderako
• kubwereza khansa.

Zotsogola ndi kupewa

Khansa yapakhungu yam'mutu ndimatenda oopsa omwe amakhala ndi vuto loperewera. Ndipo kunena zenizeni kuchuluka kwa momwe ungakhalire ndi zovuta izi ndizosatheka, popeza milandu iliyonse ndi payekha.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa asayansi, ndi khansa ya mutu wa kapamba wa gawo lachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa zaka 5 kupulumuka pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndi 50%, khansa ya siteji ya 3-4, odwala satha miyezi 6. Izi ndichifukwa choti pamlingo wotere wa chitukuko, matendawo amachitidwa maopaleshoni osowa - mwa 10% -15% milandu. Nthawi zina, ndi mankhwala othandizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha, ntchito yomwe imayesedwa ndikuchotsa zizindikiro za matendawa. Ndipo polankhula zambiri, zotsatira za mankhwala aliwonse a khansa ya 2, 3 ndi 4th sizothandiza.

Mphamvu zoyenera zimatheka pokhapokha ngati khansa yapezeka m'magawo oyamba a chitukuko chake. Koma, mwatsoka, malinga ndi ziwerengero, chithandizo cha matendawa nthawi yoyamba ndi chosowa kwambiri (mwa 2% ya odwala), chifukwa amapezeka kawirikawiri.

Pankhani yodzitetezera, zimaphatikizapo:

• munthawi yake mankhwala a m'matumbo
• zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi,
• kusiya zizolowezi zoipa,
• masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kumbukirani, khansa ya mutu wa kapamba imayamba mwachangu ndipo imakhudza ziwalo zonse zapafupi ndi minyewa. Chifukwa chake, kupewa kufa, chithandizo cha matendawa chiyenera kuthandizidwa kuyambira masiku oyamba ake. Ndipo kuti mupeze khansa pakapita nthawi, ndikofunikira kuchita mayeso azachipatala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi chimodzi ndi chimodzi.

Kufotokozera kwa Pathology

Khansa yapakhungu imayenda mofulumira. Komanso, chotupa metastasis chimatsogolera ku mfundo yoti zakukula kwa kupulumuka zaka 5 pambuyo pakupezeka kwa matendawa ndi 1% yokha. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuchuluka kumeneku kumaphatikizapo odwala omwe adapezeka kumayambiriro.

Mankhwala, kukula kwa chotupa m'mutu wa kapamba kumagawika m'magawo:

1. Pa zero zero, kupweteka koyipa kwayamba kumene kukulira. Mawonetsedwe azachipatala kulibe kwathunthu, ndipo chotupacho sichinadzipezekebe.
2. Pa gawo loyamba, neoplasm imachulukana ndikufika pafupifupi masentimita 2. Metastases idakalipo. Pakadali pano, matendawa amatha kuonekeranso mwangozi mukamayesedwa pafupipafupi kapena mukuzindikira matenda ena a pancreatic pathologies. Ndi chithandizo chochitidwa panthawiyi, zapamwamba za kupulumuka ndikuchotsa kwathunthu kwa neoplasm ndizabwino.
3. Mu gawo lachiwiri, zizindikiro zoyambirira zikuwonekera, zoyambitsa matendawa zimafalikira mchira ndi thupi la kapamba. Koma chotupacho sichikugwirizana ndi ziwalo zapafupi. Njira ya mankhwala panthawiyi imakhala ndi opareshoni yotsatira ya chemotherapy. Zomwe zimachitika m'tsogolo muno sizabwino, koma chithandizo chomwe chachitika chitha kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa wodwalayo.
4. Mu gawo lachitatu, matendawa amakhudza ziwiya ndi mathero am'mitsempha, ndipo mawonetseredwe azachipatala amatchulidwa. Chotupa chikuyamba kuphatikizana, kotero ngakhale opareshoni yomwe imagwiridwa siyimapereka phindu. Mwambiri, njira zochizira pakadali pano ndizolinga zothandizira kuchepetsa ululu. Zonenedweratu sizabwino.
5. Gawo lachinayi silichiritsidwa. Ma metastases angapo amafalikira ku ziwalo zina ndi kwa ma lymph node. Wodwalayo waledzera. Kuchiza kumachitika mozizwitsa, kuyesa kuchepetsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo. Kupulumuka panthawiyi ndikosatheka.

Pafupifupi, ndi khansa ya mutu wapa pancreatic, matendawa amatha kupulumuka mu gawo 4 ndi miyezi 6. Ngati jaundice ikayamba pakadali pano, ndiye kuti madokotala amatenga msempha wa endosopic kapena transhepatic drainage.

Mu 70% ya khansa ya kapamba, matendawa amakhudza mutu. Mitsempha yokha imatha kusokoneza, nodular kapena exophytic. Imayesa chotupa kudzera m'mimba, magazi, kapena kuphukira paziwalo zapafupi.

Chithunzi cha kuchipatala

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha khansa yam'mutu ya pancreatic ndi ululu. Nthawi zambiri chimadziwika kumtunda ndipo imatha kuperekedwa kumbuyo. Zomverera zopweteka zimatuluka chifukwa chotupa chimakakamiza ducts ya bile, mathero a mitsempha komanso kufalikira kwa kapamba omwe amapanga ndi khansa. Ululu nthawi zambiri umakhala woipa usiku kapena mukatha kudya zakudya zamafuta. Mu magawo oyamba, zizindikiro zilizonse nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda.Kuphatikiza apo, pa khansa ya mutu wapa pancreatic, Zizindikiro zake zingakhale motere:

• Kuchepetsa thupi mwadzidzidzi, mpaka kufika pa anorexia,
• kusowa kwa chakudya
• kusanza ndi kusanza
• kufooka wamba
• kubwatula
• ludzu
• kamwa yowuma
• kulimbikira kudzimva kuti ali ndi nkhawa m'mimba.

Pambuyo pake, chithunzi cha chipatala chikusintha. Chotupacho chimakula ndikuyamba kukula ndikuyamba kukhala ziwalo ndi ziwalo zapafupi. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi zizindikiro monga khungu la pakhungu komanso mucous, kusungunuka kwa ndowe, kuyabwa kwambiri, mkodzo umakhala wakuda. Nthawi zina pamakhala mphuno, kupweteka mutu komanso tachycardia (kugunda kwamtima).

Chizindikiro chowonjezera cha kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa ndi ascites (kudzikundikira kwa madzi am'mimba). Wodwala amatha kukhala ndi magazi m'mitsempha yam'munsi, kutuluka kwam'mimba, kutsekeka kwa mtima ndi ntchito ya ndulu. Nthawi zina, kulephera kwa chiwindi kumayamba, komwe kumafunikira kuchipatala.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Wodwala yemwe ali ndi khansa ya mutu wokhudza pancreatic amayamba kutumizidwa kuti akafunsidwe ndi gastroenterologist. Ataphunzira ma anamnesis, katswiriyo amapatsa wodwalayo mayeso omupangira mayeso othandizira ndi a labotale.

Poyezetsa magazi ochulukirapo, kuchuluka kwa bilirubin mwachindunji kungasonyeze kukhalapo kwa chotupa. Kafukufuku wazachipatala amawulula kuchuluka kwamapulateni ambiri ndi maselo oyera amwazi m'magazi. Pulogalamu yowonetsera ikusonyeza kusowa kwa stercobilin mu chopondapo (pigment yomwe imachitika pakukonzanso kwa bilirubin), koma pali mafuta osasokoneza fiber. Mwa maphunziro othandizira, polola kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mutu wa kapamba, pali zina monga:

• mitundu yambiri yamimba yam'mimba,
• CT (computed tomography) ya kapamba,
• makulidwe
• minofu biopsy
• bodzani cholangiopancreatography.

Kuti muwone gawo la khansa, endoscopic ultrasound imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu amathandizira kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwa zamitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Ngati matendawa ndi ovuta, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amapezeka ndi matenda a laparoscopy.

Njira zamankhwala othandizira

Njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala khansa yam'mutu, kuphatikizapo radiotherapy, chemotherapy, komanso opaleshoni. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza njirazi. Kwambiri achire chifukwa matendawa amapereka opaleshoni chitupa.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya mutu wa pancreatic m'magawo oyamba amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito pancreatoduodenal resection. Panthawi imeneyi, dokotalayo amachotsa mutu ndi duodenum, kenako amakonzanso ndulu ya bile ndi m'mimba thirakiti. Ndi resection yotere, ma lymph node ndi zombo zimachotsedwanso.

Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo choyambiranso, pafupifupi nthawi zonse atachitidwa opaleshoni, maphunziro a chemotherapy kapena radiotherapy amachitika. Pankhaniyi, chithandizo cha radiation chimaloledwa kupitilira milungu iwiri kuchokera pa opaleshoni. Njira zoterezi zimatha kuwononga maselo a khansa omwe angakhalebe m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi magazi.

Nthawi yomwe opaleshoniyo singachitike, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala a chemotherapy. Chithandizo chotere chimachitika m'maphunziro. Kutalika kwawo ndi kuchuluka kwawo zimatengera kupezeka kwa metastases komanso kukula kwa neoplasm. Koma chithandizo chotere cha khansa ya mutu wa kapamba chimakhala chachilengedwe.

Nthawi zambiri chizindikiro cha radiotherapy ndi chotupa chosagwirizana kapena kuyambiranso kwa khansa ya kapamba. Chithandizo cha poizoniyu chimaphatikizidwa kwambiri kutopa, zilonda zam'mimbazi ndi cholendosis ya extrahepatic.

Ngati khansa yapezeka pambuyo pake, ndiye kuti kuchitapo kanthu opaleshoni kungangokulitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo. Ntchito ngati izi zimathandizira kuti magwiritsidwe a kapamba kapena kuti athetse jaundice.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni komanso njira zopewera

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, wodwala amapatsidwa zakudya. Zimathandizira kubwezeretsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kupukusa chakudya. Monga momwe zilili ndi matenda amtundu wa kapamba, mndandanda wazinthu zoletsedwa ukuphatikizapo:

• Zakudya zonunkhira, zamafuta, zokazinga,
• marinade
• koloko
• maswiti
• nyama yamafuta ndi nsomba.

Poyamba, wodwalayo amangopatsidwa mbewu zokha zamadzi zophika pamadzi, msuzi wowuma zamasamba ndi tiyi wopanda mafuta. Pakatha milungu iwiri, popanda mavuto, nsomba yochepa yophika, masamba ophika ndi zipatso zosaphika zimawonjezeredwa pachakudyacho. Koma ngakhale pakadali pano, chakudya chonse chimaphwanyidwa ndipo chimathandizidwa ndi kutentha.

Njira zochepetsera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa yamtunduwu ndizosavuta. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zakudya zoyenera. Ndikofunika kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa komanso kuphatikiza masamba ambiri monga chakudya.

Muyenera kusiya mowa ndi kusuta. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kumayesedwa nthawi zonse pachaka kamodzi pachaka. Pokayikira pang'ono kapena mawonekedwe a ululu, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Malamulo osavuta oterewa amawonjezera mwayi wokhala osakumana ndi khansa ya mutu wa kapamba.

Zizindikiro

Khansa ya kudalirana kumeneku imatha kumayambika kwathunthu popanda chizindikiro chimodzi, chomwe ndi chowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa munthu sangadziwe kuti chotupa chikukula m'thupi lake. Ndipo, molondola, sizitenga njira iliyonse kuti athetse. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimayamba kufotokozedwa pamene metastases idafalikira ku ziwalo zina.

Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi monga:

• ululu matenda kufalikira pamimba. Itha kuwerengera kumanja kapena kumanzere kwa hypochondrium ndipo nthawi zina imaperekera kumbuyo,
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa. Munthu amayamba kuchepa thupi ngakhale amadya chimodzimodzi ngati kale,
• ludzu lalikulu ndi kamwa youma - chizindikiro ichi chimayambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin chifukwa cha chotupa,
• kusanza ndi kusanza
• chotupa choteteza. Chifukwa chakuti neoplasm imakakamiza bile duct,
• kuphwanya magawidwe a ndowe. Nthawi zambiri, wodwala amakhala ndi matenda am'mimba,
• kufooka
• kukomoka
• kuphwanya njira ya mkodzo excretion,
• kugwirana chanza
• kutentha kwa mtima.

Ngati chithunzi chachipatala choterocho chikuwoneka, ndiye kuti muyenera kufunsa chithandizo kuchokera kwa dotolo woyenera yemwe adzakufufuzeni mosamala ndi kupereka njira zamankhwala.

Njira zoyesera

Kuzindikira khansa ya mutu wa kapamba kumabweretsa zovuta zina, chifukwa chakuti gland imatchinga ziwalo zingapo, ndipo imatha kupimidwa pokhapokha ngati pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandiza. Kuti mupeze chotupa cha khansa, kuti mupeze kukula kwake ndi kapangidwe kazomwe zimakupatsani mwayi:

• ma diagnostics a ultrasound
• compression tomography,
• mayeso azachipatala ambiri - magazi, ndowe ndi mkodzo,
• magazi a zotupa,
• MRI
• biopsy.

Pambuyo pakutsimikizika kolondola kwazindikiritso ndi kufotokozera kwamtundu wanji wamatenda amkati mwa munthu, adotolo amasankha njira zina zamankhwala.

Kuchiza khansa kumangopanga opaleshoni, ngakhale ngati kuli koyambirira kapena kwachiwiri kwa chitukuko. Kuchotsa kwa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi minyewa, komanso minyewa yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi ziwalo zapafupi (malinga ndi zisonyezo), zimachitika. Kupitilira apo, ma radiation ndi chemotherapy amathanso kutumikiridwa. Khansa yam'mutu ya pancreatic ya digiri ya 4 siyigwira ntchito, popeza imakulira kwambiri ziwalo zina ndikupanga metastasize. Pankhaniyi, mankhwalawa amangokhala okhazikika ndipo cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa moyo wa wodwalayo. Pofuna kuchepetsa kukula kwa neoplasm, chemotherapy ndi mankhwala, komanso kuti muchepetse ululu wammbuyo - narcotic analgesics.