Kodi Vitamini D Mankhwala A shuga Atha?

Mikhnina A.A.

Mwinanso, aliyense amadziwa zomwe zili ma lero. Komanso, ambiri aife tamva za zabwino za Vitamini D popewa matendawa, ndikuti vitamini (kapena m'malo mwake, mahomoni) amapangidwa m'maselo a khungu lathu mothandizidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa (komwe ndi ma ray a UV).

Komabe, ndi angati a ife amene amadziwa kuti Vitamini D ndi yofunika bwanji pakupanga thupi lathu (imapereka chidwi cha Ca ndi P), ndipo kodi ndi matenda ena ati omwe angatiteteze, kuphatikiza pa ukalamba? Kodi phindu lake ndi chiyani mthupi?

Ana onse osakwana chaka chimodzi amafunsidwa kuti atenge vitamini D kuti ateteze zipatso. Komanso, monga lamulo, chidwi chapadera chimaperekedwa kwa ana "achisanu" ndi ana oyamwitsa pa yoyamwitsa yoyenera.

Ndinali ndi chidwi ndi funso loti: kodi mkaka wa amayi - chakudya chabwino chotere cha ana - sichitha kupatsa mwana kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ngati amayi atenga mavitamini apadera okwanira azimayi oyembekezera komanso opaka mkaka ndikuyesera kudya mokwanira? Ndipo chofunikira chanji chatsiku ndi tsiku ngati thupi la mwana komanso wamkulu kuti achite zozizwitsa vitamini D?

Ndinayamba kufunafuna chidziwitso m'mabuku asayansi, ndipo ndi zomwe ndakwanitsa kudziwa:

- Vitamini D amayang'anira thupi lathu osati kungoyamwa calcium ndi phosphorous, komanso

1. Amathandizira pakuwongolera ndi kusiyanitsa kwa maselo a ziwalo zonse ndi minyewa, kuphatikiza ma cell am'magazi, ma cell a immunocompetent¹

2. Vitamini ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayendetsa machitidwe a metabolic mthupi: mapuloteni, lipid, mchere. Imayang'anira kapangidwe ka mapuloteni a receptor, ma enzymes, mahomoni, osati calcium yokhazikika (PTH, CT), komanso thyrotropin, glucocorticoids, prolactin, gastrin, insulin, etc.²
Ngati mulingo wa Vitamini D m'magazi ndiwosakwanira (zosakwana 20 ng pa millilita), mayamwidwe a Ca olowa mthupi ndi 10-15%, ndipo P ndi pafupifupi 60%. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mavitamini D okwanira 30 ng kwa millilita, kutsimikizika kwa Ca ndi P mpaka 40 ndi 80%, motsatana, kwatsimikiziridwa mwa 4.

3. Vitamini D ndi amene amayang'anira ntchito zonse zamankhwala ndi machitidwe, kuphatikiza dongosolo la mtima, m'mimba, chiwindi, kapamba, ndi zina zambiri.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa, asayansi adapeza kuti kutenga mayeso okwanira a vitamini D ndi amayi panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi cha mwana, kumachepetsa pafupipafupi matenda a mphumu komanso matenda opuma omwe nthawi zambiri amadzetsa ana. 10

- Vitamini D amagwira ntchito bwino mthupi mwanjira ya choleciferolD3kuposa mawonekedwe ergo-calciferolD2. Maphunziro azachipatala 4 amatsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino kwake (D3 ndi 70% yothandiza kwambiri). Nthawi yomweyo, yankho lamadzi a Vitamini D3 limamwa bwino kuposa yankho la mafuta (lofunika ngati limagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa ana akhanda asanakwane, chifukwa m'gulu lino la odwala mulibe mapangidwe ndi kulowa kwa bile m'matumbo, zomwe zimasokoneza mayamwidwe a mavitamini mu mawonekedwe a mayankho a mafuta) 9

- Vitamini D ndi wofunikira kwambiri m'thupi kuposa momwe amalimbikitsira ndi mfundo za WHO, motero, amapatsidwa mavitamini a calpexes
Njira yodzitetezera kwa munthu wamkulu yemwe ali wokwanira padzuwa nthawi ya chilimwe ndi 400 IU patsiku, zomwe zili mu mavitamini ambiri ndi 200 IU piritsi (nthawi yomweyo, akuti piritsi limodzi patsiku).

Mulingo wocheperako womwe umapezeka mu mavitamini a amayi apakati ndi oyembekezera!

Kufunika kwenikweni kwa thupi laumunthu (kutengera nthawi ya zaka, zaka, ndi matenda omwe ali) a vitamini D ndi motere (kuwerengera mawonekedwe a D3) 4:

wamkulu nthawi yozizira - 3000-5000 IU patsiku
wamkulu chisanachitike kukokana mu chilimwe - 1000 IU
kusintha kwa msambo kwa akulu m'chilimwe - 2000 IU
mwana - 1000-2000 IU patsiku
khanda - 1000-2000 IU patsiku (ngati mayi satenga vitamini D wokwanira)
amayi oyembekezera - 4000 IU patsiku (ngati mwana samalandira zakudya zowonjezera)
kuyamwitsa ana osakaniza 500 - 1000 IU patsiku (Zosakanizidwa pafupifupi 500 IU za vitamini D patsiku)
akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso (Yoyang'aniridwa ndi kusanthula!) 1000 IU patsiku
Maphunziro ena amati ziwerengero zochulukirapo. Mwachitsanzo 6400ME kwa akazi opaka mkaka (http://media.clinicallactation.org/2-1/CL2-1Wagner.pdf p. 29)

- Vitamini D, ngakhale amapangika ndi thupi padzuwa, koma kuchuluka kwa malo ake pang'onopang'ono, motero, kuyatsidwa kwakanthawi kochepa kwa manja ndi nkhope, komwe kumalimbikitsidwa ngati njira zopewera thupi nthawi yozizira, sikokwanira.
Thupi la munthu wachikuda loyera, kutenthetsera dzuwa dzuwa litapanda maliseche, limatha kupanga kuchokera ku 20,000 IU mpaka 30,000 IU ya Vitamini D pamsonkhano umodzi wofufuta (pafupifupi mphindi 20). Kuphatikiza apo, khungu lililonse 5% limatulutsa pafupifupi 100 IU ya vitamini D. Wachikulire adzafunika kutulutsa dzuwa pang'ono ndi mphindi 120 kuti apange vitamini D 5 wofanana.

Kafukufuku wokhudza kuchuluka kwa Vitamini D m'magazi a anthu osiyanasiyana nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka kunawonetsa kuti ngakhale m'maiko otentha kwambiri mavitamini D ndi ofala, popeza gawo lalikulu la khungu la anthu limatsekedwa kuchokera ku dzuwa (zovala, mafuta, ma awnings, kukhala m'nyumba mkati mwamasiku ambiri ... ) Pakufufuza kwa okhala ku Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Australia, Turkey, India ndi Lebanon, 30 mpaka 50% yaanthu (kuphatikiza ana ndi akulu onse) alibe magawo okwanira (pansi pa 20 ng pa mamililita) a vitamini D (25-hydroxyvitamin) m'magazi 4.
Kodi ndinganene chiyani za anthu akumpoto (kupatula okhawo omwe amayendera solarium) nthawi zonse! Komabe, kama wogona khungu lake umakhala ndi zovuta pakhungu ....

- Vitamini D zomwe zili muzakudya ndizochepa kwambiri. Ndizosatheka kupeza kuchuluka komwe kukufunika popanda zowonjezera!

Chifukwa chake, pa 100 g 1:
mu chiwindi cha nyama muli 50 me,
mu dzira la mazira - 25 ME,
ng'ombe - 13 ME,
mumafuta a chimanga - 9 ME,
mu batala - mpaka 35 ME,
mu mkaka wa ng'ombe - kuyambira 0, 3 mpaka 4 ME pa 100 ml

Gwero labwino kwambiri la vitaminiyu limawonedwa ngati nsomba zam'madzi zamnyanja. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa vitamini D kumasiyana kwambiri kutengera mtundu wa nsomba ndi njira yokonzekera:

Pa 100 g ya nyama (mutatha kuphika) 6:
Blue-halibut - 280ME
Salmon Yakutchire - 988ME
Salimoni wolima bwino - 240ME
mutatha kukazinga m'mafuta a azitona, nsomba zaulimi zomwe zimakhala - 123ME
Atlantic Long Flounder - 56ME
Cod - 104ME
Tuna - 404ME

Mlingo wochepera wa vitamini D3 wotengedwa ndi mayi woyamwitsa uyenera kukhala 2000 IU patsiku kuti mkaka wake wa m'mawere ukhale ndi vitamini D pakulimbikitsidwa kwa 7 kwa mwana.
Nthawi yomweyo, kafukufuku wa zamankhwala awonetsa kuti zinali zotheka kukwaniritsa kufunika kokwanira kufooka kwa vitamini D mwa makanda pomwe mayi adatenga vitamini D3 pa mlingo wochepera 4000 IU patsiku, popeza amayi nawonso amavutika ndi vitamini D, ndipo gawo lina la mavitamini omwe adatengedwa lidzatha zosowa zanga 4.
Vitamini amatengedwa pa mlingo uwu mpaka mwana atakwanitsa miyezi isanu. Kenako mlingo wa vitamini kwa amayi umachepetsedwa kukhala 2000ME patsiku, ndipo vitamini D3 imaperekedwa mwachindunji kwa mwana (mu mawonekedwe a yankho lamadzi) pa mlingo wa 1000ME patsiku.

— kuchuluka kwa Vitamini D m'mitundu yake D3 sikutheka, chifukwa kuti pakhale matenda, nthawi yayitali (kupitirira miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ya munthu wamkulu wathanzi) kugwiritsa ntchito milingo yayikulu kwambiri ndikofunikira - 10,000 IU patsiku. Mlingo umodzi wopitilira 50,000 IU patsiku umakhala ndi poizoni. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zakudya zomwe zimapezekanso mavitamini D, zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa, sizikumveka.

Makolo ambiri ali ndi nkhawa kuti kuthamanga kwa kutsekeka kwa fontanelles pamutu pa khanda. Amawopa kuti kuchuluka kwa Vitamini D komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumabweretsa kukula kwa ma fontanelles asanakwane. Ndithamangira kutsimikizira makolo!
Calcium ndi Vitamini D zimatha kuthamangitsa kutseka kwa fontanel pokhapokha ngati ndikusowa (mwanjira iyi, fontanel imatseka pang'onopang'ono) 8.

Nthawi zambiri, makolo ndi madotolo am'madera awo omwe amawona ana awo ali ndi nkhawa kuti "chatsekera" mwachangu, ndiye chifukwa chake amaletsa kupewera kwa Vitamini D ndikumusintha mwanayo kuti adye calcium yochepa kwambiri. Poona kuti mawu oyenera otseka fontanel amasintha kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka 24 kapena kupitirira pamenepo, nthawi zambiri sipamatha kunena za kutsekedwa mwachangu kwa fontanel.

Pankhaniyi, chiwopsezo chenicheni cha thanzi la mwana si kutsekedwa kwa fontanel, chifukwa mafupa a cranial ali ndi sutures yofunikira pakukula kwa mutu, komanso kufafaniza kwa prophylactic wa vitamini D 8.

- kuchepa kwa vitamini D m'thupi (kuchuluka kwa magazi m'munsimu 20 ng kwa millilita) kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ndi 30-50% (colon, Prostate, khansa ya m'mawere), ma monocytes ndi ma macrophage - maselo a chitetezo chathu cha mthupi - sangathe kutero mavitamini D amakhala ndi mayankho okwanira chitetezo mthupi, chiwopsezo 80% cha matenda ashuga 1 omwe sanalandire vitamini D kuyambira ali mwana komanso chiwopsezo cha 33% cha matenda a shuga 2 (mukalandira chithandizo chovuta kwambiri chokhala ndi vitamini D ndi calcium wambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimachitika masiku onse vomereza Mlingo) 4, kusakwanira kwa mulingo wa Vitamini D wozungulira m'magazi amapezekanso mwa ophunzira omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa ambiri. 7 Osteoporosis, matenda a pakhungu (mwachitsanzo, psoriasis) ndi matenda amtima komanso matenda a mtima zimadaliranso mwachindunji kumatenda a Vitamin D ndi calcium metabolism.

Mapeto:
Kudya kwa vitamini D kowonjezereka kumasonyezedwa kwa anthu amisinkhu iliyonse, okhala pamitunda yotalikirana kutali ndi equator osati kuyendera solarium, chaka chonse.
Mtundu womwe mumakonda Vitamini D wambiri ndi vitamini D3 (chole-calciferol).
Mlingo wabwino wochiritsira kwa achikulire ndi ana m'chilimwe ndi 800 IU ya vitamini D3 patsiku, nthawi yachisanu mlingo ungathe kuchuluka 4.
Makanda kuyambira miyezi isanu. ndikofunikira kupatsa vitamini D kuwonjezera pazaka zazaka ndi mtundu wazodyetsa.
Amayi oyamwitsa omwe ana awo salandila zakudya zowonjezera amayenera kumwa vitamini D pa mlingo 4000ME tsiku 4.

Vitamini D ndi Matenda A shuga

Vitamini iyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa dzuwa chifukwa imapangidwa khungu lathu motsogozedwa ndi dzuwa. M'mbuyomu, asayansi atulukira kale ubale pakati pa kuchepa kwa Vitamini D ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda ashugakoma momwe zimagwirira ntchito - adangopeza kuti adziwe.

Vitamini D ali ndi mawonekedwe ambiri ochitika: imagwira ntchito pakukula kwa maselo, imathandizira thanzi la mafupa, minyewa yam'mimba komanso chitetezo cha m'thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndipo koposa zonse, vitamini D amathandiza thupi kuthana ndi kutupa.

“Tikudziwa kuti matenda ashuga ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa. Tsopano tazindikira kuti vitamini D receptor (mapuloteni oyambitsa ndikupanga mavitamini D) ndiofunikira kwambiri pakulimbana ndi kutupa komanso kupulumuka kwa maselo a beta a kapamba, "akutero m'modzi mwa atsogoleri a phunziroli, a Ronald Evans.

Momwe mungapangitsire zotsatira za vitamini D

Asayansi apeza kuti mankhwala apadera otchedwa iBRD9 angapangitse kuti michere ya Vitamini D ipangidwe. anti-yotupa katundu wa mavitamini pawokha amatchulidwa, ndipo izi zimathandizira kuteteza maselo a pancreatic beta, omwe odwala matenda ashuga amagwira pansi pamavuto. Pazoyeserera zochitika pa mbewa, kugwiritsa ntchito iBRD9 kunathandizira kuti matenda a shuga achulukane.

M'mbuyomu, asayansi adayesetsa kukwaniritsa zofananazo powonjezera kuchuluka kwa vitamini D m'magazi a odwala matenda a shuga. Tsopano zikuwonekeratu kuti ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa vitamini D zolandirira. Mwamwayi, njira zomwe zimalola izi kuti ziwonetsedwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kothandizira kwa iBRD9 kumatsegula malingaliro atsopano kwa akatswiri azamankhwala omwe akhala akuyesera kwazaka zambiri kupanga mankhwala atsopano a shuga. Kupeza kumeneku kumalola limbikitsani zinthu zonse zabwino za vitamini D, ikhoza kukhalanso maziko opangira chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda ena, monga khansa ya kapamba.

Asayansi akadali ndi ntchito yambiri yoti achite. Mankhwalawa asanapangidwe ndikuyesedwa mwa anthu, maphunziro ambiri ayenera kuchitidwa. Komabe, pakadali pano palibe zoyesayesa zoyeserera zomwe zinaonedwa mu mbewa zoyesera, zomwe zimapatsa chiyembekezo china kuti nthawi ino akatswiri azamankhwala azichita bwino. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, zidadziwika kuti madotolo apakhomo adapanganso mtundu wina wa mankhwala a matenda amtundu 1, koma pakadali pano palibe nkhani pamutuwu. Pomwe tikuyembekeza kuwonjezeka pamsika wamafuta, mutha kudziwa kuti ndi njira ziti komanso mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga omwe amawoneka kuti amapita patsogolo kwambiri masiku ano.

Vitamini D ndi chiyani?

Mavitamini a gulu D (ma calciferols) amaphatikiza zigawo ziwiri - D2 (ergocalciferol) ndi D3 (cholecalciferol). Amalowa m'thupi laumunthu limodzi ndi chakudya, koma cholecalciferol imapangidwanso pakhungu mothandizidwa ndi kuwala kwounikira masana. Ikalowa m'thupi, calciferol imadutsa impso ndi chiwindi, kenako mothandizidwa ndi bile imatengedwa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, pomwe imagwira ntchito yayikulu - imatenga michere yazakudya, potero imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, amatenga nawo mbali mu metabolism, amathandizira kapangidwe ka mahomoni ndikuwongolera kubereka. Calciferol imakonda kudzikundikira minofu yamafuta ndipo imadyedwa pang'onopang'ono panthawi ya vitamini.

Shuga amachepetsedwa nthawi yomweyo! Matenda a shuga m'kupita kwa nthawi angayambitse matenda ambiri, monga mavuto amawonedwe, khungu ndi tsitsi, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda otupa! Anthu amaphunzitsa zinzake zowawa kuti azisintha shuga. werengani.

Mwachidziwitso, ngati munthu athera nthawi yokwanira padzuwa, ndiye kuti amapereka thupi lonse ndi calciferol. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mavitamini omwe amalowa m'thupi kumadalira khungu ndi zaka: khungu limayamba kukula komanso khungu, ndizopepuka. Munthu sangadziwe ngati mavitamini okwanira alowa m'magazi kwa tsiku, chifukwa chake ayenera kudya zakudya zomwe zili tsiku ndi tsiku. Zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse ndi thupi la 10-15 mcg.

Zopindulitsa thupi

Calciferol ndi yapadera chifukwa ili ndi mavitamini ndi mahomoni. Imachepetsa kupangika kwa insulin mu kapamba, kukhazikitsa shuga m'magazi, kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi, ndipo m'matumbo amalimbikitsa kupanga mapuloteni ofunikira pakuyenda kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, vitamini D ndi wofunikira m'thupi chifukwa cha zinthu zotsatirazi:

Kodi vitamini D imakhudza bwanji matenda ashuga?

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kusowa kwa vitamini D mwa ana kumathandizira kuti pakhale mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Akuluakulu, kuchepa kwake kumayambitsa matenda a metabolic - matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa komanso matenda a metabolic, ndiye kuti, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a shuga a 2. Komanso kusowa kwa calciferol kumakhudzanso chidwi cha maselo ku insulin. Izi zimapangitsa kuti shuga azichedwa kugwirira ntchito komanso ziwalo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti achedwetse shuga komanso kuti chiwopsezo chayamba kudwala matenda ashuga.

Calciferol imathandizira ntchito zapamba.

Zinthu zomwe zimapanga Vitamini D zimakonda kuphatikizana ndi beta cell ya kapamba, omwe amaphatikizidwa mwachindunji mu shuga la magazi. Chifukwa chake, calciferol amalimbikitsa kupanga insulin pomwe mukudya zakudya zambiri zamatumbo. Imalimbikitsanso kagayidwe ka calcium: mavitaminiwa amathandiza kuyamwa mineral, popanda kupanga insulini ndizosatheka. Kuchuluka kwa vitamini D kwa shuga kumawonjezera ntchito ya kapamba, kumachepetsa zotupa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta, komanso zimakhudza insulin.

Vitamini D ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin kukana

Kuperewera kwa vitamini D pa mahormoni kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuti insulin ikane, zomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za matenda a shuga.

Calciferol imawonjezera chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi atuluke msanga m'magazi ndikupititsa patsogolo shuga. Izi zimachitika m'njira ziwiri:

• mwachindunji, zolimbikitsa kufotokoza kwa zolandirira ma insulin m'maselo,
• mwanjira inayake, kukulira kuchuluka kwa calcium m'matumbo, popanda zomwe insulin-mediated process imachepetsa.

Chithandizo cha Kuperewera kwa Kalvare

Ndikusowa kwa vitamini D, muyenera kusintha zakudya: gwiritsani ntchito tsiku lililonse mazira, chiwindi cha ng'ombe ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba. Mofananamo, mankhwala okhala ndi cholecalciferol omwe amapezeka ndi njira zochita kupanga ndi calcium, omwe amakulitsa bwino mayamwidwe a Vitamini. Mukamapereka mankhwala, kulemera ndi msinkhu wa wodwalayo zimawaganiziridwa - voliyumu ya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 4000-10000 IU. Kutengera mtundu wa mafinya, dokotala amakulemberani mankhwala othandizika kapena ayi. Popewa kuledzera, chithandizo chimalimbikitsidwa kuti chithandizidwe ndi mavitamini A, B ndi C.

Kodi zikuwonekabe zosatheka kuchiritsa matenda ashuga?

Poona kuti mukuwerenga izi tsopano, kupambana polimbana ndi shuga wambiri sikuli kumbali yanu.

Ndipo mudaganizapo kale za chithandizo kuchipatala? Ndizomveka, chifukwa matenda ashuga ndi matenda oopsa, omwe, ngati sanapatsidwe, amatha kufa. Udzu wokhazikika, kukodza mwachangu, masomphenya osalala. Zizindikiro zonsezi mumazidziwa nokha.

Koma kodi ndizotheka kuchitira zomwe zimayambitsa m'malo mothandizira? Timalimbikitsa kuwerenga nkhani yokhudza matenda aposachedwa a shuga. Werengani nkhani >>