Momwe mungakhalire ngati shuga itatha - hyperglycemia: Zizindikiro ndi thandizo loyamba

Nthawi zina kuyezetsa magazi kwa mwana kumawonetsa shuga wowonjezereka, omwe amachititsa mantha kwa makolo. Koma zovuta zapathengo pazotsatira zoyeserera sizitanthauza nthawi zonse matenda ashuga. Akatswiri amazindikira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi ana ambiri, ndipo makolo ayenera kuwadziwa.

Nthawi zambiri, mwa ana osakwana chaka chimodzi, mloza shuga ndi 2.8-4.4 mol / g, kuyambira wazaka 1 mpaka 5 - 3.3-5.0 mol / g, kuyambira wazaka 5 mpaka 17 - 3.3-5.5 mol / g

Mkulu shuga, kapena hyperglycemia, makamaka amatanthauza shuga. Koma musanapange mawu otere, ndikofunikira kupatula zina zomwe zingayambitse izi.

Kufotokozera kotsimikizika kwambiri kwa shuga wambiri ndikuphwanya malamulo okonzekera kusanthula. Mwana akatenga chakudya pasanathe maola 9 ndi 12 asanafike panjira kapena akudya maswiti ambiri dzulo, kusanthula kwake kudzawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa, ndipo makolo ayenera kuyang'ananso zakudya za mwana asanaphunzire.

Kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha nkhawa, kupsinjika, kumwa pafupipafupi zakudya zama calorie komanso chakudya chamagulu. Zimathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha kupsa, kutentha thupi, kupweteka, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti shuga azikhala wamphamvu.

Shuga wokwera mwa ana amatha chifukwa cha zifukwa zina zamatenda.

• Matenda a shuga. Ana nthawi zambiri amawapeza ndi mtundu 1, amadalira insulin, pomwe katulutsidwe ka insulin ndi kapamba kamachepa.
• Thirotooticosis. Shuga amakwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro.
• Chotupa cha adrenal gland. Zimayambitsa secretion yowonjezera ya cortisol kapena adrenaline, yomwe imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndipo ingayambitse matenda a shuga.
• Chotupa. Zimayambitsa kupangika kwa adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), yomwe, imayambitsa kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni a adrenal komanso kuchuluka kwa glucose.
• Kutalika kwa glucocorticoid kwa nthawi yayitali. Zimakhala chifukwa cha gluconeogenesis m'chiwindi, zomwe zimapangitsa shuga ochulukirapo.
• Kupsinjika kwakanthawi Zoyipa zathupi zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa adrenaline, cortisol, ACTH. Shuga wapamwamba pamenepa amateteza thupi pazinthu zakunja.

Hyperglycemia imayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wa concomitant. Poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, matenda amanjenje ndi mtima, impso, ndi maso amatha kupita patsogolo.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa ana nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi zizindikiro, kuphatikizapo:

• ludzu losalekeza (polydipsia) ndi kukodza mwachangu (polyuria), zochitika zamadzulo usiku,
• kulakalaka kwambiri ndi kulakalaka maswiti,
• kugona, kufooka, kusokonezeka kwamisala, kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwamankhwala,
• kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi (monga mtundu wa matenda 1 a shuga, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwana),
• thukuta kwambiri.

Mkulu shuga amachititsa njira zingapo za pathological m'thupi. Kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa minofu kumakhudza mkhalidwe wamaso amaso, kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kowoneka. Mwanayo sangamvetsetse kusintha kumeneku komanso osalankhula za iwo.

Atsikana, matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhumudwitsa. Mwa ana aang'ono, shuga wowonjezereka amayambitsa kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, kuwoneka ngati zotupa zolimba kwambiri za diaper ndikotheka, komwe kumakhala kovuta kuchiritsa mpaka glucose ibwerere mwakale.

Vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi ketoacidosis, yomwe nthawi zina imabweretsa imfa. Vutoli limatsatana ndi mseru, kupuma kwambiri, kununkhira kwa acetone mkamwa, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kufooka. Pamafunika chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri sizimadziwika, ndipo matendawa amapezeka mwana atatha kudwala matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis m'manja mwa madokotala. Chifukwa chake, makolo ayenera kuwunika mosamala machitidwe a mwana ndi madandaulo ake okhalira ndi moyo wabwino.

Matenda a shuga amatha kuchitika mwa ana obadwa ndi onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo. Zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi zimaphatikizanso kunenepa kwambiri, kubadwa kwa makolo, komanso kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira. Matenda a shuga amatha kuthana ndi vuto. Kuyambika panthawi yake kumatha kulepheretsa zovuta zina.

Zizindikiro

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumachitika m'mawa asanadye chakudya cham'mawa. Popeza chakudya chomaliza, pafupifupi maola 10-12 ayenera kudutsa. Munthawi imeneyi, mwana ayenera kupewa kumwa kwambiri, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kulimba mtima.

Ngati kuyezetsa koyamba kwa shuga kwawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyezetsa mayeso a glucose. Imachitika m'magawo awiri. Choyamba, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala pamimba yopanda kanthu, pambuyo pake mwanayo amamwa yankho la shuga. Kenako, mphindi 30 zilizonse kwa maola awiri, zitsanzo za magazi zimabwerezedwa. Zotsatira za phunziroli ndi chithunzi cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a m'magazi.

Mwa ana athanzi, chizindikirocho sichidutsa 6.9 mmol / l, ndi prediabetes imatha kufika pamlingo wa 10,5 mmol / l, ndi matenda a shuga imakwera kwambiri.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chimayikidwa ndi dokotala wa ana kapena endocrinologist. Ntchito yayikulu ya katswiri pankhaniyi ndikusunga shuga pamlingo wa zikhalidwe. Matenda a shuga amatha kudalira insulini kapena osadalira insulini, ndipo maukada amasiyanasiyana munthawi zonsezi.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga a mellitus (wodalira insulini) ndi wofala kwambiri paubwana. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira zama pathological mu zilumba za Langerhans. Zisumbuzo ndizodzaza maselo a endocrine mchira wa kapamba ndipo amachititsa kuti insulini isungidwe. Zowonongeka zawo zimatha kuyambika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Pankhani ya matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, pamakhala kuwukira kwa minyewa ya minyewa ya m'mimba: matendawa ndi achilengedwe.

Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, matenda amtundu wa 1 amafunika jakisoni wa insulin ya anthu. Amachitidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, kamodzi kapena kangapo masana, kutengera mtundu wa mankhwalawa. Zingwe zothandizira zimathandizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zolimbitsa thupi. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzikhala ndi thupi lolimbitsa thupi komanso kudya mafuta ochulukirapo. Makolo ayenera kuyang'anira kudya kwawo shuga kudzera mu chakudya chamafuta ochepa. Ndikofunikanso kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe muyenera kugula glucometer. Pankhani ya hypoglycemia, mwana ayenera kukhala ndi chakudya nthawi zonse. Pakakhala zovuta, jakisoni wa glucagon angafunike.

Mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga a mellitus (osadalira insulini) ndi osowa mwa ana. Zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kukhala kunenepa kwambiri, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mankhwala a mahomoni, matenda a endocrine. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, ma biguanides amalembedwa - mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga yayikulu yamagazi, osalimbikitsa kutulutsa insulin. Izi zikuphatikiza Metformin, Glucophage, Glucophage Long, Siofor. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse shuga wambiri ndi chakudya kudzera muzakudya, komanso kuchepetsa kuchepetsedwa kwake m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi.

Zakudya zosankhidwa bwino ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pa matenda a shuga kwa ana. Zimakupatsani kukhalabe ndi kagayidwe kazachilengedwe pamlingo wathanzi, kusintha moyo, kumawonjezera ntchito. Zakudya zake zimatengera mfundo izi:

• chakudya choletsa
• zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu
• kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamakoma,
• kudya nthawi yomweyo, 5 pa tsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono,
• chakudya chamadzulo pasanadutse maola 2 asanagone.

Zakudya zomanga thupi ndi chakudya ziyenera kulowa m'thupi momwemonso kuti zisasinthe mwadzidzidzi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kudumula zokhwasula-khwasula kumatha kubweretsa vuto la hypoglycemic.

Ndi shuga wambiri m'mwana, zakudya zotsekemera, zinthu zophika buledi, chakudya chothamanga, mpunga, semolina, barele wa pearl, mbatata zosenda, nthochi, mapeyala ndi mphesa, zoumba ndi madeti, tchizi cha kanyumba, batala ndi margarine, nyama ndi nsomba zamitundu yamafuta ndizoletsedwa. . Pali choletsa pazakudya zamafuta, zokazinga, zosuta, mchere, zakudya zosavuta, sosefa, zonunkhira, zakumwa zokhala ndi shuga kapena mowa.

Zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya ndizakudya zokhala ndi index yotsika komanso yapakatikati. Izi zitha kukhala zinthu zophikika kuchokera ku mtanda wopanda chotupitsa, ndiwo zamasamba zatsopano, nyama yophika ndi yophika, chiwindi, lilime la ng'ombe, nsomba zamafuta ochepa, mafuta amkaka otsika, mazira, nyemba, nsomba zam'madzi. Mwa mbewu monga chimanga, barele ndi balere, ma hercule, buckwheat, ndi mapira ndizovomerezeka. Mutha kuphatikiza muzakudya zomwe sizinapatsidwe zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso kuchokera kwa iwo, tiyi yoyera ndi yobiriwira, timadziti tamasamba, zakumwa zakumwa ndi zakumwa zakumwa, khofi wopanda mphamvu. Mwa maswiti, marmalade, maswiti, marshmallows amaloledwa. Lumikizanani ndi dokotala pokhudzana ndi kuyambitsa kwatsopano kwa zakudya.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa mwana sikuwonetsa kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, koma mulimonsemo iyi ndi nthawi yolipira thanzi lake. Matendawa amafunika kuwunika zakudya zathanzi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumwa mankhwala kapena jakisoni. Ngati mutsatira malingaliro onse a dotolo, mutha kuchedwetsa kuyambika kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga ndikukhalabe moyo wabwino wodwala pang'ono.

Ichi ndi chiyani

Hyperglycemia ndi chizindikiro cha mavuto a endocrine, makamaka monga matenda a shuga mellitus (DM). Itha kuzindikirika kudzera mu mayeso a labotale: capillary kapena venous magazi, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer yonyamula.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda:

1. Pambuyo kudya (postprandial). Mkulu wa glucose amaposa chizindikiro cha 10 mmol / L (wokhala ndi chizolowezi cha 7.8 mmol / L),
2. Kusala kudya (gawo pakati pa zitsanzo zamagazi ndi chakudya chomaliza ndi maola opitilira 8). Chizindikirocho chimadutsa chizindikiritso cha 7.2 mmol / l (chizindikiritso cha miyeso chiyenera kukhala chosiyanasiyana 3.3-5.5 mmol / l).

Ndikofunikira kuti musasokoneze lingaliro "hyperglycemia" ndi "hypoglycemia" - Awa ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana yomwe ili ndi kusiyana mu kupezeka kwa kupezeka kwa shuga, komanso njira ina yopezeka.

Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu kuli motere:

• Ndi hypoglycemia, pali kuchepa kwa glucose (osachepera 3.3 mmol / l), ndi hyperglycemia, kuwonjezeka,
• Kutsika kwa shuga pamaso pa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumatha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchepa.
• Hypoglycemia imatha kukhala kunja kwa matenda a endocrine. Chochititsa chingakhale njala yoletsa,
• Kutsika kwa glucose panthawi ya hypoglycemia kumatha kuchitika modabwitsa, mosiyana ndi chikhalidwe chobwerera, chomwe chimadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zizindikiro.

Maiko onsewa ali ndi zofanana - kusowa kwa chithandizo choyenera kumakwiyitsa. Zotsatira za kukomoka zimatha kukhala zosiyana: ubongo wa edema, kusokonezeka kwa ubongo ndi ubongo, kuletsa kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo ndi miyendo.

Limagwirira a chitukuko cha matenda

Pafupifupi 8% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi matenda a shuga, pomwe gawo la mkango limayimira mtundu woyamba wa matenda a matenda a mbewa ndipo limatenga pafupifupi 5% yonse.

Hulin insulin, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba, imathandizira kukhala ndi shuga.

Kuchulukana kwachilendo kumatha kuchitika:

Kupanga kwa thupi ndi motere: shuga wowonjezereka poyambira kusowa kwa insulini umalepheretsa shuga kulowa m'maselo amthupi. Kuchokera pakusowa mphamvu m'maselo, njira yogawa mafuta imayamba, chifukwa chomwe apetone imapangidwa.

Chifukwa cha urinalysis, kupezeka kwa matupi a ketone kudzadziwika. Amalowa m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto la asidi m'thupi. Pankhaniyi, glycogen yomwe imapezeka m'chiwindi imayambanso kupindika mosavuta - glucose. Izi zimawonjezera shuga m'magazi ndipo, motero, zimakhumudwitsa mapangidwe a matupi a ketone.

Zotsatira zake - kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, komwe kumakwiyitsa ketonuria - kuchuluka kwa matupi a acetone mumkodzo, komanso kumayambitsa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya (ketoacidosis). Kunyalanyaza zinthu izi kumatha kudzetsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri - wodwala matenda ashuga.

Pofuna kupewa kuwoneka bwino kwambiri, muyenera kudziwa zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimayambitsa:

• Kuperewera kwa kupanga kwa mahomoni, izi zimaphatikizapo jakisoni wosowa (ngati pali shuga),
• Zovuta zovuta (zazifupi ndi zazitali),
• Kugwira ntchito kwambiri komanso kusowa tulo,
• Ntchito zolimbitsa thupi
• Matenda a mitundu yambiri,
• Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso kudya kwambiri.

Sikuti nthawi zonse matenda a shuga ndiwo amayambitsa vutoli, pali zifukwa zina:

• Kuletsa kwa kapamba kogwiritsa ntchito matenda angapo, ma neoplasms a oncological nawonso ali pano,
• Kumwa mitundu ina ya mankhwala,
• Kuvulala kwambiri
• Mavuto a Endocrine, monga hyperthyroidism,
• Ma neoplasms opanga mahormone
• Cushing's Syndrome.

Kuphatikiza pazotsatira zamayesero azachipatala, kusintha kwa zam'magazi m'magazi kumawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zingapo. Odwala samalabadira mwachangu ena a iwo, omwe amakulitsa nthawi ya matendawa.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za shuga wambiri zimaphatikizapo:

• Kuchepetsa mseru
• Kuwona kochepa m'mutu wowawa,
• Kutopa ndi kugona,
• Kutukwana
• Kusweka mtima
• Kudzimbidwa, kutsegula m'mimba ndi zina zosagwira ntchito m'mimba,
• Kuyabwa
• Zosintha pakudya ndi kuwonda kwambiri,
• Kuyamwa mwachangu
• Kubwezeretsa khungu kochepa,
• Ludzu lalikulu
• Kutaya chikumbumtima.

Ngati kuwonetsedwa kwa chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo kwasonyezedwa, kuphunzira koyesedwa kwa magazi ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Osadzisilira. Muzochita zachipatala, pali zinthu monga posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia (somoji syndrome) Uku ndikuyankha kwa thupi pakuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Mfundo yofunika kuikumbukira ndi: kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ophatikizidwa kumayambitsa hypoglycemia, yomwe imapangitsa thupi kukhala lopsinjika. Imayendetsa gwero la adrenal, pali chida chopanga cha adrenaline ndi mahomoni a glucocorticoid achangu. Chifukwa chake, UG yathunthu imachulukitsidwa, ndikuwonongeka kwamafuta (lipolysis) kumalimbikitsidwanso.

Poyerekeza ndi maziko a matenda, matenda ena amatha:

Njira yodziwika bwino ya matenda a ana imafanana ndi ya munthu wamkulu. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ana ambiri a sukulu za pulayimale ndi unyamata sakhala ndi zizindikiro zamatenda a 2 matenda ashuga. Izi ndichifukwa choti matendawa amakhala odziletsa, mosiyana ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Ndiye kuti, ana ambiri sakhala odalira insulin.

Thandizo loyamba

Ngati wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za hyperglycemia, chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa nthawi yake ndichofunika kwambiri.

Zili motere:

1. Mwazi wamagazi amayeza.
2. Ngati zomwe zikuwonekera zadziwika, jakisoni wa insulini amatumizidwa.Imachitika mobwerezabwereza maola awiri aliwonse kufikira glucometer awonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga,
3. Mutha kutsuka m'mimba mwanu ndi madzi otentha a sopo,
4. Pokhapokha pakuchitika zoyeserera zabwino, kugonekedwa kuchipatala kumafunikira.

Ngati matenda a shuga sapezeka, ndiye kuti chithandizo choyamba chimachepetsedwa pakuchotsa zizindikiro. Kuthira mankhwala azitsamba, zipatso, mchere wamadzi ndi kupukuta kwonyowa khungu kumathandiza pano.

Kuchiza matenda

DM ndi matenda osachiritsika, koma milingo ya glucose imatha kusungidwa malinga ndi:

1. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi
2. Kumwa zambiri
3. Kusintha kwamankhwala omwe mumalandira ndi dokotala.

Njira imodzi yothanirana ndi glycemic index ndiko kudya ndikuwongolera kudya zakudya zazopatsa mphamvu, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti mkate. Magawo oterowo sangathe kudya osaposa 25 patsiku, izi zikufanana ndi 375 ga chakudya.

Kanema wothandiza

Makanema ogwiritsira ntchito komanso abwino pa vuto la hyperglycemia mu zovuta za shuga:

Ntchito yayikulu ya wathanzi aliyense ndiyenera kupewa matenda ashuga, ndipo odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo ndi dokotala. Ndikofunikira kuwona "malo apakati" muzonse, komanso kutsogoza njira yolondola kwambiri ya moyo.

Pathogen Sinthani lemba la wiki

Mchere wotsika umanenedwa kukhala wotsika 3.3 mmol / L kwa akulu.

Mulingo wama glucose omwe ali pansi pa 2.75 mmol / L, ntchito zambiri zofunika zimayamba kusokonekera mwa munthu.

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumathandizanso.

Ena odwala matenda ashuga amamva kulolera ngakhale glucose wa 2.2 mmol / L.

Ngati shuga wamagazi atsika pansi 1.8 mmol / L, izi ndizowopsa, chifukwa zimayambitsa kukomoka.

Miyezo ya hypoglycemia

Malinga ndi kukula kwa zizindikiro, madigiri atatu amasiyanitsidwa: ofatsa, odziletsa komanso okhwima.

Ndi degree yofatsa, munthu amatha kupereka thandizo lofunikira kwa thupi lake.

Ndi digiri ya 2 (sing'anga), zizindikiro zimalumikizana:

• kukwiya kwambiri kapena kugona.
• thukuta, thukuta lozizira,
• maonekedwe a dzanzi m'thupi,
• masomphenya osalala
• tachycardia
• "Makondo mawotoni."

Nthawi zambiri gawo ili limasokonezedwa ndi kuledzera. Ndi gawo lachiwiri, munthu akufunika kale thandizo pakulowetsa shuga mkamwa mwake.

Ndi digiri 3 (yoopsa), zizindikiro zimawonekera:

• chisokonezo
• kukokana (kutikumbutsanso khunyu)
• kuphwanya kwa kumeza
• kutaya chikumbumtima ndi kukula kwa chikomokere.

Zizindikiro zakuchepera kwa shuga ndimwazi woteteza, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwakanthawi kofikitsa chakudya chamafuta m'thupi.

Zizindikiro zake zitha kuchepa m'magazi a magazi m'magazi:

• thukuta
• kugona
• kutopa
• kulakalaka
• kuda nkhawa kapena kuda nkhawa
• chidwi.

Munthu akhoza kukhala ndi zingapo mwazizindikirozi.

Chowonetsera kwambiri cha hypoglycemia ndichotopa kwambiri ndi kufooka, komwe sichimachoka ngakhale mutapuma bwino.

Nthawi zambiri mkhalidwewu umasowa mukatha kudya, makamaka kudya zakudya zotsekemera.

Mukapanda kutsatira izi, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuipiraipira ndikukhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo.

Momwe mungadziwire kuwukira kwakuopsa kwa hypoglycemia? Imadziwonekera mu mawonekedwe:

• thukuta
• kuchuluka kapena kukwiya mwadzidzidzi kumatha kukomoka,
• kukokana.

Zizindikiro mwa akazi

Nthawi zambiri, azimayi amadwala matendawa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Makamaka kwambiri ndi masana hypoglycemia mu mtundu 2 wa shuga kapena azimayi oyembekezera.

Odwala omwe ali ndi bulimia kapena anorexia nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi hypoglycemia yachangu.

Zizindikiro mwa ana

Ana omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe monga chizungulire, kufooka ndi zovuta zamtundu (kusinthasintha, kusachita bwino pamaphunziro, kusamvera), kupweteka.

Ana osakwana zaka 5 sangathe kudzipenda kuti athe kudzithandiza okha.

Chifukwa chake, mwa ana, mawonekedwe ofatsa amatha kusintha kukhala okhwima.

Ndikofunika kuti makolo a mwana adziwitse komwe amakhala mozungulira nthawi yanthawi yotseka kwa mwana wotereyo komanso kuti samadwala khunyu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa usiku hypoglycemia

• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwakanthawi
• kuchuluka kwa insulin kukonzekera,
• kuphwanya zakudya, kumwa mowa,
• kupsinjika m'maganizo, mitsempha, kuchepa, nkhawa ndi nkhawa.
• chotupa mu kapamba, kuchuluka kwa insulin,
• kulephera kwa chiwindi
• kuchuluka kwambiri pamlingo wakuthupi (ndi anthu ogwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi, pamasewera).

Mitundu ya coma mu shuga

Pali magawo ofewa komanso owopsa a matendawa, koma aliwonse ali ndi zingapo zomwe zimadziwika:

• kuphwanya mgwirizano
• nseru
• chizungulire, mpaka kuwonongeka.
• thukuta lozizira
• kuchuluka kwa mtima.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimatha kuwongoleredwa ndi shuga komanso kukonzekera kwa dextrose, omwe amatchedwa shuga m'mimba otentha.

Kuchepetsa usiku magazi

Nocturnal hypoglycemia ndi kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi 3 koloko m'mawa. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosazindikirika kwanthawi yayitali, motero chimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwa maselo aubongo.

Imadziwulula ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kutopa kwanthawi zonse
• tuluka thukuta usiku,
• kunjenjemera mu loto
• maloto oyipa
• glucose m'mawa 11.9 mmol / l kapena kuposa.

Ngati chowonadi cha nocturnal hypoglycemia chakhazikitsidwa m'mawa, ndikofunika kuyesa shuga usiku.

Kukula kwa hypoglycemia kuphwanya zakudya

Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachitika mwa odwala matenda ashuga. Kusala kudya kwa hyperglycemia kumafuna kuwunika ndi dokotala: ndikofunikira kusinthitsa kawirikawiri mlingo wa insulin.

Kuyambitsa kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic m'thupi, mavuto azakudya ndi kugaya kwam'mimba dongosolo ndizotheka. Zolakwikazo zingaphatikizepo izi:

1. Zosakwanira kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zam'mimba. Kuphwanya lamulo kotereku kumatha kupangitsa kuti shuga azisowa m'magazi chifukwa chosamwa shuga m'magazi am'mimba.
2. Zakudya zopanda pake komanso kudumpha zakudya.
3. Chakudya chopanda malire chomwe chimakhala ndi shuga osakwanira.
4. Katundu wamkulu m'thupi, womwe ungayambitse kusowa kwa shuga mwa anthu, ngati sizotheka kutenga shuga wowonjezera.
5. Nthawi zambiri, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga oopsa amatha chifukwa chomwa mowa.
6. Hypoglycemia imayamba ndi mankhwala ochepetsa thupi komanso kudya mosamalitsa, ndikumamatira mlingo wa insulin.
7. Matenda a shuga a shuga, omwe anapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kuthira chakudya.
8. Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin mwachangu musanadye ndikuwachedwa kudya kwakanthawi.

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga a 2 sayenera kumva kuti ali ndi njala yathanzi. Maonekedwe a njala ndiye chizindikiro choyamba chosowa shuga m'magazi a wodwala yemwe ali ndi mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga. Izi zimafuna kusinthidwa kosalekeza kwa chakudya cha wodwala pamaso pa odwala matenda amtundu wa 2.

Mukamamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti muchepetse shuga, muyenera kukumbukira kuchuluka kwa glycemia, komwe kumakhala kwa munthu aliyense. Zizindikiro zoyenera ndizomwe zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chathupi mwa munthu wathanzi kapena pafupi nazo.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga kwatembenukira kumbali yaying'ono, wodwalayo amayamba kudukiza - amayamba kuwonetsa zizindikiro za hypoglycemia, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale shuga m'magazi am'magazi.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za kusowa kwa chakudya zimayamba kuonekera m'mitundu yofatsa ndipo imayamba kutchulidwa pakapita nthawi.

Chizindikiro choyamba cha kusowa kwa chakudya cham'mimba ndikumverera kwa njala yayikulu. Ndi chitukuko cha hypoglycemia, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonekera mwa munthu:

• khungu
• thukuta kwambiri
• kumva kwamphamvu njala
• kuchuluka kwamtima,
• minofu kukokana
• Anachepetsa chidwi ndi kuyika chidwi,
• maonekedwe aukali.

Kuphatikiza pazizindikirozi, hypoglycemia imatha kudwalitsa wodwala nkhawa komanso kupusa.

Zizindikirozi zimachitika ndi hypoglycemia, ngakhale atakhala kuti ndi wodwala.

Milandu ikachulukanso mu shuga m'thupi la wodwala yemwe akudwala matenda osokoneza bongo apitilira, wodwalayo amakula:

1. kufooka
2. chizungulire
3. kupweteka kwambiri m'mutu
4. kugwira ntchito kwa mkatikati mwa mawu mu ubongo,
5. kumverera kwa mantha
6. kusokoneza kayendedwe ka kayendedwe
7. kukokana
8. kulephera kudziwa.

Zizindikiro sizingachitike nthawi imodzi. Pa gawo loyamba la hypoglycemia, chizindikiro chimodzi kapena ziwiri zimatha kuonekera, zomwe enawo aphatikizanso pambuyo pake.

Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga sangathe kuwongolera vutolo ndipo sangatenge njira zodzitetezera popewa kupititsa patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe cha hypoglycemic, thandizo la iwo omwe ali pafupi ndi iye lidzafunika.

Nthawi zambiri, pakayamba zovuta, thupi la wodwalayo limafooka komanso kuletseka panthawi ya hypoglycemia. Munthu munthawi imeneyi amakhala kuti alibe chikumbumtima.

Pakadali pano, wodwalayo sangathe kutafuna piritsi kapena kudya china lokoma, popeza pamakhala kuwopsa kotsinidwa. Zikatero, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yapadera yokhala ndi glucose wambiri kuti muchepetse kuukira.

Zikatero, ngati wodwalayo amatha kumeza mayendedwe, ndiye kuti akhoza kupatsidwa chakumwa chokoma kapena msuzi wa zipatso, tiyi wotsekemera amakhala ndi vuto lililonse. Mukakumana ndi hypoglycemia, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa momwe wodwalayo alili.

Wodwalayo atakhazikika, kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi kuyenera kuwerengedwa komanso kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe amayenera kulowetsedwa m'thupi kuti athetse thupi lonse.

Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga atulutsa, ndiye ayenera:

1. Ikani ndodo pakati pa nsagwada mkamwa mwa wodwala kuti lilime lisakulume.
2. Mutu wa wodwalayo uyenera kutembenukira kumbali imodzi kuti wodwalayo asakodomeredwe ndi zodukiza.
3. Ikani jekeseni wa shuga wambiri.
4. Chitanani mwachangu ambulansi.

Ndi chitukuko cha hypoglycemia, ubongo umakhala ndi vuto loperewera mphamvu. Momwe matenda osagonjetseka amatha kuchitika, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhudza kwambiri mtima wamtima ndi mtima.

Kutuluka kosayenera kuchokera ku boma la hypoglycemic kumabweretsa kudumphadumpha mu shuga, izi zimatha kuyambitsa matenda oopsa komanso kuthana ndi mtima. Ndi kuwonjezeka kowopsa kwa shuga m'magazi, kukulitsa kulephera kwaimpso ndikotheka. Kanemayo munkhaniyi apitiliza mutu wa hypoglycemia.

Ubwana hyperglycemia

Mkhalidwe wotsutsana ndi hypoglycemia - hyperglycemia mwa ana amatha kuchitika mosiyanasiyana. Zonse zimatengera kuchuluka kwa matendawo:

• kuwala - mpaka 7 mmol / l,
• sing'anga - mpaka 11 mmol / l,
• cholemera - mpaka 16 mmol / l.

Koma mulimonsemo, mkhalidwewu uyenera kuzindikirika posachedwa, ndipo thandizo lofunikira liperekedwa kwa mwanayo.

Zizindikiro za Mafuta Aakulu

Pali zizindikiro zitatu zazikulu za hyperglycemia mwa ana:

• ludzu losalekeza
• kukodza kosalekeza
• mutu.

Ndi hyperglycemia, mkhalidwe wa ketoacidosis umapezekanso, koma motsutsana ndi maziko a shuga wowonjezereka. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chowopsa chomwe, pakakhala kuti sichingawongolere, chitha kubweretsa kulephera kwa impso.

Zoyambitsa Kukalamba kwa Ana

Hyperglycemia muubwana, choyambirira, chimatha chifukwa cha matenda a shuga 1. Matenda akulu a shuga amayambika 75% ya ana omwe ali ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri.

Ichi ndi matenda a autoimmune pomwe insulin imaleka kupangika m'matumbo. Madokotala amatchulanso zifukwa zina za hyperglycemia:

• matenda opatsirana
• kudya kwambiri, chakudya chochuluka mwa chakudya,
• zolimbitsa thupi,
• nkhawa.

Udindo wofunikira pakukula kwa matendawa, ndipo monga chotulukapo chake, mawonekedwe a matenda a shuga a 2 amaseweredwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri, komwe sikuwonetsedwa kokha ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta, komanso kudziunjikira kwamafuta m'magazi.

Izi zimawonjezera katundu pa chiwindi, mtima ndi impso.

Zizindikiro za vuto la hyperglycemic

Kukula kwa vuto la hyperglycemic coma kumachitika pang'onopang'ono - kumatha kukhala maola angapo kapena masiku. Mu ana, amakula masana. Zizindikiro zomwe zimawonekera zidayamba izi:

• mutu wokhazikika
• ludzu lalikulu
• kufooka ndi kugona,
• kuchuluka kwa mkodzo tsiku lililonse.
• kupumira msanga
• kusanza ndi kusanza.

Maola 12-24 zitayamba kuonekera zizindikilo zoyamba, vutoli likukulirakulira, kusakhudzika ndi chilichonse, mkodzo umatha kutulutsidwa, kununkhira kwa acetone mkamwa ndi kupuma movutikira kumawonekera. Kupuma kwamunthu kumachitika pafupipafupi ndi kuusa moyo kwambiri. Pakapita kanthawi, kuphwanya kwa chikumbumtima kumachitika, kenako ndikugwa.

Mwa ana, ndikosavuta kudziwa kuti ndi ndani. Zimakhala zovuta kuziletsa. Kuti achite izi, makolo ayenera kuyang'anira mwana pafupipafupi. Zizindikiro ndi zovuta za hyperglycemic coma mwa ana zimafanana ndi akulu. Ngati munthu wamkulu yekha angayang'ane momwe aliri, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi makolo m'malo mwa mwanayo.

Zizindikiro zofunikira kwambiri zotere zimatsimikiziridwa molondola:

• kukodza pafupipafupi
• ludzu losalekeza, ngakhale ndimamwa nthawi zonse,
• mutu
• kuwonda kwambiri.

Masewera a shuga m'magazi akapitilira 16 mmol / l, mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemic coma ukayamba. Matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia ndi omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa kuwona, komanso kusintha kwa njira zamankhwala am'magazi mkati mwa mantha am'kati.

Morning hyperglycemia

Mbali yachiwiri ya shuga yomwe imagwera usiku ndi hyperglycemia yam'mawa. Kudandaula koteroko ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga, pamene kuchuluka kwa insulin kumafika pachimake patatha maola 8 osadya.

Pali maupangiri ena ochepetsa shuga m'mawa ndikuchotsa zizindikiro za matendawa:

1. Konzani chakudya chamkati usiku, chomwe chingalepheretse kutsika kwa shuga, komanso kuchuluka kwake m'mawa.
2. Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
3. Khazikitsani zakudya zoyenera.
4. Imwani mankhwala kuti muchepetse shuga.

Mwanjira yosavuta motere, mutha kuchedwetsa shuga ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia

Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia mu pachimake kapena nthawi yayitali pamaphunzirowa ndi motere:

• ludzu, makamaka mopitirira muyeso,
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• kutopa
• kuwonda
• masomphenya osalala
• Khungu loyera, khungu lowuma,
• kamwa yowuma
• arrhasmia,
• Mpweya wa Kussmaul,
• Matenda aulesi (media otitis media, vagidi candidiasis) omwe samachiritsidwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe
• chikomokere.

Acute hyperglycemia ikhoza kuwonekera pokhapokha:

• chikumbumtima
• ketoacidosis
• kuperewera kwa madzi m'thupi kumbuyo kwa osmotic diuresis ndi glucosuria.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimagawidwa kukhala autonomic (adrenergic, parasympathetic) ndi neuroglycopenic. Zizindikiro za mawonekedwe a zomerazo zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe awa:

• kuchuluka kwawukali ndi kukwiya, mantha, nkhawa, nkhawa,
• thukuta kwambiri
• kunjenjemera kwa minofu (kunjenjemera), kuchepa kwa minofu,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• ana opukusidwa
• kukopa kwa pakhungu
• arrhythmias
• nseru, zotheka - kusanza,
• kufooka
• njala.

Zizindikiro za Neuroglycopenic zimawonekera motere:

• kuchepa kwa ndende,
• chizungulire, kupweteka mutu,
• chisokonezo
• mgwirizano wolakwika,
• paresthesia
• "Kuwona kawiri" m'maso,
• Makhalidwe osakwanira
• amnesia
• matenda a m'magazi ndi kupuma,
• kugona
• chikumbumtima
• kukomoka, kukomoka,
• chikomokere.

Kuphatikiza pa kuphwanya pang'ono kapena kununkhira konse kwa asetone, pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimadziwika ndi izi:

• khungu
• kutsitsa minofu kamvekedwe
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• zimachitika kukhala ngati ulusi ndi pafupipafupi,
• khungu limayamba kuzirala,
• lilime lophimbidwa ndi utoto wakuda.

Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za kukomoka kwa mtima ndi izi:

• khungu lotuwa
• thukuta kwambiri
• akunjenjemera m'manja ndi miyendo,
• kuchuluka kwa mtima
• ndizosatheka kukhazikika
• wanjala,
• nkhawa
• nseru

Ndi zizindikiro izi, muyenera kudya mapiritsi angapo a shuga. Mawonetsero oyamba a hypoglycemic coma mu ana ndi ofanana, amafunika kuti aledzeretse ndi tiyi wokoma, amathandizidwa ndi maswiti kapena kupatsidwa shuga.

Anthu ambiri, atamva mawu oti hypoglycemia, akudabwa - ndi chiyani?

Umu ndi momwe mkhalidwe wama glucose mthupi umachepetsera kwambiri.

Ubongo umakumana ndi chidwi kwambiri ndikusowa kwa mphamvu: imafunikira zakudya zochulukirapo katatu kuposa maselo ena.

Zimachitika kuti miniti itatsika ndi shuga m'magazi munthu amakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala kuti akumwa.

Kupewa Kwa Mwazi

Kupewa kwa hypoglycemia kumatsatira kwambiri pantchito yodyetsa komanso zakudya, kusintha koyenera komanso kwakanthawi kwa mlingo wa insulin, ngati pakufunika.

Kuyeserera kwakukulu kuyenera kukhala kopewa kupewa matenda a hypoglycemic, omwe nthawi zambiri amachitika chifukwa chosakwanira kwa matenda ashuga.

Mankhwalawa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu uliwonse, njira yoyandikira kwambiri yachilengedwe ya carbohydrate metabolism ndiyabwino. Njira zamakono zamankhwala zimaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu zazikulu:

• makonzedwe a insulin kapena mapiritsi a antidiabetes,
• kudya
• adachita zolimbitsa thupi.

Palibe chilichonse mwazinthu izi chokha chomwe chokwanira kukwaniritsa bwino, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ma hypoglycemic othandizira kapena zochitika zolimbitsa thupi popanda kumwa mankhwala kumatha kuyambitsa chitukuko cha hypoglycemia komanso ngakhale chikomokere.

Odwala onse, komanso mamembala am'banja lawo ayenera kudziwa zizindikiro za mikhalidwe ya hypoglycemic, malamulo othandizira kupewa ndi kuthetseratu.

Mkhalidwe wamagazi otsika magazi uyenera kuwongoleredwa pafupipafupi. Ngati mwana amakonda kuchita hypoglycemia, ndikofunikira kumamupatsa pafupipafupi chokoma.

Chakudya chamwana wotere chiyenera kukhala chokwanira, chodalirika. Kudya kumakhala kokwanira nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Dokotala atha kukuwunikirani mwatsatanetsatane, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuwerengera magazi ndi kufufuza ziphuphu.

Pankhani imeneyi, munthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe.

Zimayambitsa kupatuka kwa shuga kuchokera pachizolowezi

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a mwana sikumawonetsa konse kuti alipo shuga. Nthawi zambiri manambala salondola, chifukwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sayenera kukonzekera kafukufuku, mwachitsanzo, amadya chakudya chisanachitike.

Shuga wowukitsidwa m'magazi mwa ana nthawi zambiri amawonekera chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa malingaliro kapena kupsinjika. Muzochitika izi, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, gland wa adrenal ndi gitu pituitary zimayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika. Mwana akamadya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso shuga, shuga wamagazi amatha kukula kwambiri komanso mwachangu.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwakanthawi ndi izi:

1. amayaka
2. kutentha kwambiri ndi ma virus
3. kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito anti-yotupa
4. ululu.

Mwazi wamagazi ambiri, nthawi zina, amawonetsa ma pathologies ena owopsa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• matenda a pituitary ndi adrenal glands,
• onenepa kwambiri
• zikondamoyo.

Insulin ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe chimachepetsa shuga m'thupi. Homoni imapangidwa kokha ndi kapamba. Ngati mwana wonenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti kapamba wake amakakamizidwa kuti azigwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chuma chake chichepe kwambiri komanso kupangika kwa ma pathologies.

Matenda a shuga ana amapezeka ngati index ya shuga yoposa 6 mmol / l. Mawonetsedwe azachipatala amatha kukhala osiyana.

Chifukwa cha shuga wambiri, matenda amatha kupita patsogolo:

1. mtima
2. dongosolo lamanjenje
3. impso
4. diso.

Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zazikulu

Zizindikiro za shuga wambiri mwa ana zimakula msanga kwa milungu ingapo. Ngati muli ndi glucometer pafupi, mutha kumawerengetsera mwana pamasiku osiyana, kuti pambuyo pake mutha kumuuza dokotala za mawonetseredwe apadera.

Zizindikiro zilizonse siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa, sizingachitike zokha, zinthu zikuipiraipirabe.

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga, koma sanayambebe kulandira chithandizo, amakhala ndi ludzu losatha. Ndi shuga wambiri, thupi limayamba kutenga chinyezi kuchokera ku minofu ndi maselo kuti muchepetse magazi. Munthu amafunafuna kumwa madzi oyera ambiri, zakumwa ndi tiyi.

Mafuta omwe amamwetsedwa kwambiri amafunika kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, chimbudzi chimayendera pafupipafupi kuposa masiku onse. Nthawi zambiri, mwana amakakamizidwa kupita kuchimbudzi nthawi ya sukulu, zomwe zimakopa chidwi cha aphunzitsi. Iyeneranso kuwadziwitsa makolo kuti nthawi ndi nthawi bedi limanyowa.

Thupi limataya mwayi wake wopezerera glucose monga gwero lamphamvu pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, mafuta amayamba kuwotchedwa. Chifukwa chake, mwana amayamba kufooka m'malo mokulira ndikukula. Monga lamulo, kuchepa thupi kumachitika mwadzidzidzi.

Mwana angadandaule za kufooka kosalekeza ndi ulesi, chifukwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin palibe njira yosinthira glucose kukhala mphamvu yofunikira. Ziwalo zamkati ndi minofu zimayamba kuvutika chifukwa chosowa mphamvu, kutumiza zizindikiritso za izi ndikupangitsa kutopa nthawi zonse.

Mwana akamakhala ndi shuga wambiri, thupi lake silingakwanitse komanso kuyamwa chakudya mwachizolowezi. Chifukwa chake, kumakhala kuli kumverera kwanjala, ngakhale kuli kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa. Koma nthawi zina, m'malo mwake, chidwi chimachepa. Poterepa, amalankhula za matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis, mkhalidwe womwe umawopseza moyo.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchepa kwamatenda pang'onopang'ono kumayamba, poyambira, ndizowopsa kwa mandala amaso. Chifukwa chake, pamakhala chifunga m'maso ndi zina zowonongeka. Koma mwana sangayang'anitsitse chidwi chake pakusintha kwanthawi yayitali. Ana, nthawi zambiri, samazindikira zomwe zikuwachitikira, chifukwa samvetsetsa kuti kuwona kwawo kukuwonongeka.

Atsikana omwe amakhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba a shuga amakhala ndi machesi, ndiye kuti, kutupa. Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi mu ana ang'onoang'ono amayambitsa zotupa kwambiri,

Matenda ashuga ketoacidosis ndi zovuta pachimake zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa imfa. Zizindikiro zake zazikulu zitha kuganiziridwa:

• nseru
• kupuma kwambiri
• Kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa,
• kutaya mphamvu
• kupweteka m'mimba.

Ngati njira zachangu sizingatengedwe, munthu akhoza kulephera kuzindikira ndikufa m'nthawi yochepa. Chifukwa chake, ketoacidosis imafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu.

Tsoka ilo, ziwerengero zamankhwala zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwakukulu pamene mwana ayamba kulandira chithandizo cholondola cha matenda ashuga atalowetsedwa m'chipatala cha odwala matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis. Makolo sayenera kunyalanyaza zizindikiro zomwe zili ndi matenda ashuga.

Ngati mumasamala nthawi kuti shuga ya magazi idayamba kutuluka, muyenera kulumikizana ndi dokotala wa ana. Makolo ayenera kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane wa zizindikiro zonse za matendawa zomwe zimazindikira mwa mwana.

Matenda a shuga a ana ndi matenda oopsa. Ndikothekanso kuwongolera kuwonjezeka kwa shuga, ndi chithandizo choyenera ndikotheka kuyimitsanso zovuta.

Monga lamulo, njira zowongolera matenda osokoneza bongo sizitenga mphindi zoposa 15 patsiku.

Kuyesa

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa ana mu shuga kumachitika pansi pazachipatala, mpanda kuchokera kumitsempha kapena chala. Shuga ya magazi ya capillary imathanso kutsimikiziridwa mu labotale kapena kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Mwa ana aang'ono, magazi amathanso kutengedwa chidendene kapena chala.

Pambuyo podya chakudya m'matumbo, chakudya chimasweka, ndikusintha kukhala ma monosaccharides osavuta, omwe amalowetsedwa m'magazi. Mwa munthu wathanzi, maola awiri atatha kudya, shuga amayendayenda m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, kusanthula kwa zomwe zimatchulidwanso kumatchedwa "shuga wamagazi."

Magazi kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe muyenera kupereka m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Phunzirolo lisanachitike, mwana sayenera kudya ndi kumwa madzi ambiri kwa maola khumi. Tiyenera kusamala kuti munthu akhale wodekha komanso asatope ndi kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu.

Mulingo wa shuga wamwana zimadalira msinkhu wake komanso thanzi lakelo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti glycogen imapangidwa kuchokera ku glucose mu minofu ndi chiwindi, yomwe imasungidwa shuga m'thupi, ngati chakudya sichilowetsa ndi chakudya, kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Glucose amapezeka m'mapuloteni ena ovuta a thupi. Pentoses amapangidwa kuchokera ku glucose, popanda iwo ndizosatheka kupanga ATP, RNA ndi DNA. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga ndiyofunikira pakapangidwe ka glucuronic acid, womwe umakhudzidwa ndikusaloledwa kwa bilirubin, poizoni ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Izi zimakhudzana ndi machitidwe ambiri a thupi, zimapereka magazi ku machitidwe ndi minofu yonse.

Chithandizo cha shuga m'magazi mwa ana

Shuga wokwera m'mwana, zomwe zimayambitsa kale, zimafunikira chithandizo. Ngati chithandizo sichichitika, zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zambiri ndi machitidwe a ziwalo zomwe zikukula, zikuwadzetsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zake ndi chithandizo chake ndizogwirizana. Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chamankhwala chimaphatikizapo zingwe zingapo zofunika. Ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala omwe adokotala amupatsa, ndipo kwa mtundu 1 wa shuga, pangani jakisoni wa insulin. Kuwongolera shuga tsiku lililonse ndikutsatira zakudya zapadera zimasonyezedwa.

Ngati matenda amtundu wa 1 apezeka, matendawa amayenera kuthandizidwa posintha mankhwalawo, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, zotsatirazi zingaoneke:

• wodwala matenda ashuga
• Hypoglycemic mkhalidwe.

Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa calorie okwanira ndi chakudya chamagulu omwera. Makamaka, simungadye:

1. makeke ndi ma pie
2. maswiti
3. buns
4. chokoleti
5. zipatso zouma
6. kupanikizana.

Pali shuga wambiri m'zakudya izi, zomwe zimalowa m'magazi mwachangu kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito:

Ndizothandiza kudya buledi wa protein-chinangwa, zakudya mkaka wowawasa, nsomba zonenepa kwambiri ndi nyama, zipatso ndi zipatso zowawasa.

Mutha kusintha shuga ndi xylitol, koma kudya izi zotsekemera sikumaloledwa kupitilira magalamu 30 patsiku. Tengani fructose wochepa. Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, madokotala salimbikitsa kudya uchi.

Ngati shuga wamwazi akwezedwa, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili ndi glucometer yosunthika. Kuyeza kuyenera kuchitika kuyambira kanayi pa tsiku, ndikulemba zizindikiritso mu cholembera.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito glucometer, mawonekedwewa nthawi zambiri amawonjezeka kapena kuchepetsedwa mosayenera, kotero nthawi zina muyenera kuyesedwa kuchipatala. Zingwe zoyezera mita sizingasiyidwe pomwe padzuwa kuti zisawonongeka. Kubwezeretsa shuga m'magazi, muyenera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.

Zochita zamasewera ndizothandiza makamaka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Zakudya zamagulu am'magazi

Ngati shuga atakwera, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kubwereza zakudya. Zomwe amapangira chakudya ziyenera kukhala izi:

1. mafuta: mpaka 80 g
2. mapuloteni: mpaka 90 g
3. chakudya pafupifupi 350 g,
4. mchere osaposa 12 g.

• Zinthu zopanda mkate,
• masamba abwino, ophika ndi ophika,
• owiritsa, nthunzi, mafuta opanda mafuta,
• lilime lophika ng'ombe,
• chiwindi
• nsomba yamafuta ochepa,
• mafuta ochepa mkaka,
• osaposa mazira awiri patsiku,
• nyemba, mphodza, nyemba,
• chimanga m'madzi ndi mkaka: herculean, buckwheat, mapira, barele, barele,
• nsomba zam'nyanja
• Zipatso zopanda zipatso, zipatso ndi timadziti,
• tiyi yoyera ndi yobiriwira,
• zakumwa zamasamba, zakumwa za zipatso, ma compotes,
• khofi wofooka.

Kuchokera pazakoma zotsekemera amaloledwa kudya zochepa:

Potsatira malangizo a dokotala, mutha kudya batala ndi mafuta a masamba, komanso bowa ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zam'chitini.

Muyenera kudya chakudya nthawi yomweyo. Imwani mpaka malita awiri a madzi oyera tsiku lililonse. Zakudya za calorie zimachokera ku 2300 mpaka 2400 kcal patsiku.

Zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia mwa ana zakambidwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Kodi hyperglycemia ndimatenda a shuga

Hyperglycemia mu matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis. Awa ndimomwe zimakhalira patadutsa masiku ochepa, shuga atayamba kulowa m'magazi a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri wa shuga ayamba kukula. Ketoacidosis imachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa glucose sikuyambitsa kupanga insulin yokwanira. Motsatira momwe thupi limapangidwira zimapangidwa motere:

• Kuphatikizika kwa kutulutsa kwambiri kwa glucose m'magazi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake kochepa m'thupi kumakulitsa shuga. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwamkodzo kwamkodzo (kutulutsa mkodzo), komwe kumabweretsa kuchepa kwamadzi ndi mchere wofunikira wa mchere (ma elekitirodiya) ndipo, pamapeto pake, kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa thupi la mwana. Kuchepa kwamadzi ambiri kumatha kubweretsa kukomoka komanso kufa chifukwa cha kusowa madzi m'thupi. Ngati njira yonseyo ndi yayikulupo, ndiye kuti kutupa m'mimba (ubongo) kumatha kudzikundikira kwa maola angapo, ndipo pamapeto pake kumatha kudwala matenda ashuga osakhalitsa.
• Mtsogolomo, kusunthika kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ka magazi kumapangitsa magazi kupangika kwa ma cell ma cell. Maselo atachepera mchere wamchere amayamba kufalikira thupi lonse. Zotayika zazikulu zimakhala chifukwa cha sodium, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ion. Ndi ma mineral awa omwe amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zamchere wamchere ndi ma electrolyte metabolism m'thupi lathu. Amawongolera kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi ndikuyendetsa mitsempha ndi kukakamiza kwa magetsi kukhazikitsa minofu.
• Pafupifupi mphamvu zonse zazikulu zamomwe zimachitika mthupi zimayendetsedwa ndi zinthuzi. Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa ma elekitirodi, ntchito zambiri za thupi la mwana zimatha kudwala kwambiri.
• Mafuta achuma aulere ochokera ku lipid zida zimawonjezeka momasuka, kuyambira kupanga ma keto acid m'chiwindi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale asidi wambiri wa mkati mwa thupi (metabolic acidosis). Zonsezi zimayambitsa chisokonezo chochulukirapo mu kayendedwe ka thupi.

Popanda chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda a episodic hyperglycemia, mwana akhoza kudwala matenda a shuga, omwe nthawi zina amatha kufa.

Mitundu ya hyperglycemia mwa ana

Madokotala amasiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya glycemia mwa ana. Kwenikweni, kukula kwawo kumapangidwa ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga. Mtundu 2, vutoli limadziwika ndi kukana insulini, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'chiwindi, komanso kuchepa kwa insulin. Zonsezi zitha kukulitsidwa chifukwa cholimbitsa thupi kwambiri komanso kudya kwambiri mafuta opatsa mphamvu. Popita nthawi, atazolowera shuga, mwana amakula hyperglycemia kapena hyperlipidemia wokhala ndi mafuta ambiri m'magazi. Amakhulupirira kuti matendawa amakhudza anthu omwe amakhala pansi. Kunenepa kwambiri kwa akuluakulu opitilira zaka 40 kumachititsanso ngozi. Sizachilendo kwa hyperglycemia ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga omwe amapezeka mwa achinyamata, ndipo ambiri aiwo amakhala onenepa kwambiri pakapita nthawi yodziwika.

Mu ana, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umapezeka kwambiri. Kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa 2000s, yakhala matenda omwe akukula mofulumira kwambiri m'maiko otukuka malinga ndi kuchuluka. Posachedwa, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa pafupipafupi milandu ya ana ndi achinyamata omwe akuwonetsa kwambiri zotsatira za hyperglycemia amalowa m'zipatala. Komanso, nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika mwadzidzidzi komanso zimapita patsogolo mwachangu.

Mwachidule pa malamulo a shuga

Glucose ndiye monosaccharide wamkulu yemwe amapereka chakudya chathunthu ku ubongo ndikubwezerera ndalama zolipira ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe. Katunduyo amamasulidwa pakugaya kuchokera ku saccharides omwe amapezeka mu zakudya zamankhwala ndi amino acid omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kumapuloteni. Pambuyo pakupanga shuga, gawo laling'ono limalowetsedwa ndi chiwindi, pomwe limasinthidwa kukhala glycogen - mtundu wamalo osungirako mafuta. Kuchuluka kwazomwe zimalowa mu kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kazinthu ndikugawidwa m'thupi motsogozedwa ndi mahomoni a neuro.

Kusunga khola wa glycemia kumaperekedwa ndi:

• intracecretory pancreatic mahormone: insulin, yomwe imayendetsa ma glucose ku maselo ndi minyewa ya thupi, kutsitsa magazi ake, glucagon, kupanga glucose kuchedwa glycogen, kuonjezera glycemia,
• mahomoni a adrenal cortex - catecholamines (norepinephrine ndi adrenaline) ndi cortisol, omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale shuga,
• adrenocorticotropic pituitary timadzi, kutsegula kupanga catecholamines ndi cortisol.

Thyroxine, mahomoni a chithokomiro, amathandizira kugaya chakudya. Kusagwirizana pamlingo woyenera komanso kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumayambitsa kuphwanya kukhazikika kwa misempha yamagazi ndikukhazikika kwa ma pathologies.

Komwe ana hyperglycemia amakulira mwa ana

Matendawa hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri mwa ana amakulira m'mabanja omwe samalimbikitsa ana awo achinyamata maluso abwino. Nthawi yomweyo, mabanja otere salabadira chifukwa cha zolimbitsa thupi komanso kapangidwe koyenera ka chakudya chotetezeka. Izi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti ana azikula kwambiri.

Komanso, malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri amaganiza, hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri imakhudza anthu okhala m'mizinda yayikulu, amakhala moyo wongokhala. M'zaka zoyambirira kusukulu, matenda ashuga atha kukhala chifukwa chowonjezereka m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo kwa mwana. Madotolo amatenganso gawo lina pakukula kwa vutoli pamavuto am'mimba omwe amapezeka m'matumbo.

Ngati tirikukambirana za kuchuluka kwa zaka, nthawi zowopsa kwambiri ndi zaukhanda komanso nthawi ya zaka 7 mpaka 18.

Miyezi yachilengedwe ya shuga m'magazi

Mitundu ya shuga yamulembi imawerengeredwa mamililita pa lita imodzi (mmol / l). Akuluakulu, malire apamwamba a chizolowezi ndi 5.5 mmol / L, otsika - 3,3 mmol / L. Makhalidwe abwino amatengedwa kuchokera pa 4.2 mpaka 4,6 mmol / L. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi la mwana, mfundo zakugawidwa zimagawidwa ndi magulu azaka.

Kuthamanga shuga kwa ana (mmol / l)

Masanjidwe a zizindikiro za ana ndi akulu amapezeka pakutha msinkhu. Kupatuka pamachitidwe okhudzana ndi kuchepa kumatchedwa hypoglycemia, pakuwonjezeka - hyperglycemia. Kuphatikiza pa ukalamba, zakudya, thanzi la psycho, kulemera, zolimbitsa thupi, kukhalapo kwa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana a ma virus kumakhudza kwambiri shuga. Mwa jenda, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa anyamata ndi atsikana.

Zoyambitsa zazikulu za hyperglycemia mwa ana

Zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia mwa ana ndizosiyana. Pakati pawo, malo otsogola amakhala ndi systemic metabolic disorder. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ovuta a metabolism omwe amakhala ndi hyperglycemia, kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa shuga wamagazi, monga njira yake yayikulu yodziwira matenda. Matenda a shuga akamakula, Zizindikiro zimachulukirachulukira, hyperglycemia imadzakhala pang'onopang'ono. Yokha, popanda kuchitapo kanthu kwakunja, hyperglycemia idzachepetsedwa.

Hyperglycemia imatha kuchitika chifukwa chosowa insulin m'magazi, kuchepa kwa insulini, kapenanso kupanga insulin yolakwika m'thupi. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha nkhawa za mwana kapena matenda, komanso chifukwa cha zochita zina za autoimmune zomwe zimakhala ndi matenda a shuga 1. Izi zimachitika mu 20 mpaka 40 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.

Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia mwa ana

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 muubwana komanso unyamata sakhala ndi vuto la hyperglycemia, chifukwa nthawi yawo yamatenda imakhala yochepa poyerekeza ndi matenda amtundu 1, ndipo samalandira insulin.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za hyperglycemia kapena ketoacidosis nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kukodza mwachangu komanso ludzu lochulukirapo. Mwanayo akhoza kuwonetsa zina mwazizindikiro izi:

• kuthamanga kwa magazi pankhope,
• khungu lowuma
• kamwa yowuma
• mutu
• kupweteka kwam'mimba
• kusanza ndi kusanza
• kugona ndi ulesi,
• masomphenya osalala
• mpweya wonunkhira wa acetone
• kukomoka mtima,
• wosapumira komanso wolimba kupuma.

Kodi zizindikiro za hyperglycemia mwa ana ndi mwayi wotani kuti akaone dokotala?

Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia mwa ana, zomwe zimawonetsa kufunikira kwa dokotala kwa makolo, zimaphatikizanso kukodza ndi kuwonjezeka kwamadzi ndi mwana. Muyenera kufunsa dokotala wa ana kuti asinthe mwadzidzidzi mkodzo wa mwana wanu, pafupipafupi kukodza, kapena ludzu lochulukirapo. Makamaka ngati zizindikirozi zikuphatikizidwa ndi khungu louma, mwana akumva youma pakamwa, redness kumaso, kupweteka mutu, m'mimba, nseru, kapena kusanza. Makolo ayenera kukhala atcheru ku kugona kwachilendo komanso kusasunthika koyenda, kuthamanga kwa mtima, kapena kupumira. Makolo ayenera kudziwa nthawi ya jakisoni womaliza wa insulin ngati mwana ali pa mankhwala a insulin.

Zifukwa zakukula

Hyperglycemia mwa ana imatha kukhala chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa thupi kapena kukhala ndi maziko olimbitsa thupi. Zoyambitsa zathu zimaphatikizapo:

• Kudya kosakhala ndi thanzi labwino (kudyetsa mwana kosayenera). Guloli limaphatikizapo kudya kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga confectionery ndi zakumwa zoopsa. Zikondazo zimakakamizidwa kuti zipange insulin modzidzimutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke zantchito ya endocrine chizigwira.
• Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kosakwanira kwa mwana kumachepetsa kupanga insulin.
• Tsoka Kukhazikika kwakanthawi mumkhalidwe wamavuto kumadzetsa kuchuluka kwa adrenaline, komwe kumalepheretsa insulin.
• Kunenepa kwambiri. Ndi kunenepa kwambiri, mphamvu yama cell amthupi kuti ipangire insulin imachepa, ndipo glucose imakhazikika m'magazi.
• Matenda osakwanira a mahomoni kwa ziwengo,
• Kulephera kwamphamvu mthupi la cholecalciferol ndi ergocalciferol (mavitamini a gulu D).

Matenda opatsirana, chimfine ndi ma virus, kupezeka kwa ululu, chifukwa chazovuta, komanso kuwotcha thupi kungakhale zinthu zosakhalitsa zomwe zimakhudza glycemia. Zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zamagazi m'magazi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwa mahomoni a endocrine:

• Clinical syndrome ya hyperthyroidism yopanga mahomoni - thyrotooticosis (hyperthyroidism),
• chomera kapena chodetsa nkhawa m'matumbo a adrenal,
• zotupa za anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) kapena posterior lobe (neurohypophysis),
• matenda ashuga.

Zambiri pamitundu ya matenda a shuga a ana

Matenda a shuga aubwana ali chifukwa cha zomwe zimapangitsa kukula. Pali mitundu inayi ya matenda. Matendawa 1 a shuga kapena odalira insulin. Amadziwika ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa zochitika zapakati pa kapamba popanga insulin. Amapangidwa mchikakamizo cha cholowa chosabereka (kukhalapo kwa matenda a makolo ndi abale apafupi) kapena kupitilira kwa kayendedwe ka autoimmune mthupi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa ndi ma virus a herpetic: Coxsackie, cytomegalovirus, kachilombo ka herpes mtundu 4 (Epstein-Barr), rubella, mumps, kuperewera kwa zakudya, matenda opatsirana a kapamba ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Komanso

• Nthenda yachiwiri yosadalira insulini. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kulephera kwa maselo kuyamwa bwino ma insulin. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri.
• Matenda A shuga. Amayamba chifukwa cha majini opangidwa ndi chibadwa cha kapamba kapena kapangidwe kake kamene kamapangidwira.
• Matenda a Neonatal. Imapezeka mwa makanda mpaka miyezi isanu ndi inayi yokhala ndi vuto la chromosomal.

Ana ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amadwala matenda a mtundu woyamba a insulin. Mwana amatengera kutsogola kwa matenda ashuga kuchokera kwa makolo, osati matendawo omwe. Mitundu yamtundu wabwinobwino imatha kudulitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoyipa kapena sizingaoneke konse.

Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia muubwana komanso unyamata

Hyperglycemia mwa ana, mosiyana ndi akuluakulu, wanena zizindikilo zomwe sizinganyalanyazidwe:

• Udzu wokhazikika (polydipsia). Mwana amakonda kupempha chakumwa, khandalo limakhala lakhwawa ndipo limakhazikika pansi pakumwa. Ma mamolekyulu a glucose amafunikira madzimadzi, kotero akachuluka, ludzu limachitika.
• Kukoka pafupipafupi (polakiuria). Hyperglycemia imasokoneza ntchito ya impso posinthira kukhathamiritsa kwaulere kwamadzi. Poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi akumwa, chikhodzodzo ndikuchotsa nthawi zambiri kumachitika pafupipafupi. Mkodzo umakhala wowoneka bwino.
• Kuchulukitsa kudya (polyphagy) ndi kuchepa kotchulidwa kwa thupi. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulini, shuga siliperekedwa m'maselo, ndipo thupi limakoka kuchokera kumafuta ndi minofu yambiri kuti lipatsidwe mphamvu yamagetsi. Makanda samachulukitsa pafupipafupi kulemera kwa thupi.

Zizindikiro zowonjezera za shuga:

• Kuchepa kwa ntchito, ulesi, kugona. Popanda kulandira glucose zakudya, thupi sangathe kugwira ntchito mokwanira. Ana aang'ono amakhala okhathamira, otopa msanga. Achinyamata amadandaula kuti akupweteka m'mutu (cephalgic syndrome).
• Matumba. Thupi lofowoka limawonekera mosavuta kumatenda opatsirana ndi fungus a mucous nembanemba. Mu makanda, dermatitis ya diaper imapezeka. Achichepere amavutika ndi ziphuphu zakumaso. Ndi hyperglycemia mwa atsikana a kutha msinkhu, microflora ya kumaliseche imasokonekera, candidiasis ndi dysbiosis ya ukazi imachitika.
• Kuchulukitsa kuzizira ndi matenda opumira. Poyerekeza zakumbuyo yamavuto amthupi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni, chitetezo chokwanira chimachepa kwambiri, ndipo thupi limataya mphamvu yake yolimbana ndi matenda.
• Kuchulukitsa thukuta (hyperhidrosis). Pa mulingo wambiri wa glucose, kusunthira kutentha kumasokonezeka.

Pali Zizindikiro zakuchepa, kukumbukira kukumbukira. Mwana sangathe kukhazikika, nthawi zambiri amakwiya popanda chifukwa. Ngati tikulankhula za kukhazikika kwa matenda a shuga, nthawi zambiri Zizindikiro zimachitika mwana akamakula (wazaka 5 mpaka 8 ndi kutha msinkhu).

Ndi matenda osayembekezereka, hyperglycemia mu ana ingapangitse kukula kwa mkhalidwe wovuta kwambiri wa ketoacidosis (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa matupi a acetone, mwanjira zina ma ketones). Zizindikiro zofunikira kwambiri zimawonekera ndi khungu la khungu, nseru komanso kukhuthala kosanza komwe kumakhala ndi fungo la ammonia, ludzu ndi polakiuria. Kukula kwa chizindikirocho kumadalira kukula kwa mkhalidwe ndi msinkhu wa mwana.

Kuzindikira Kwambiri

Mwanjira yomwe kuyezetsa koyambirira kwa magazi kwawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, mwana amafunika kukayezetsa ena. Zidziwitso zapamwamba zimaphatikizapo GTT (kuyesa kwa glucose). Kuyesedwa kwa glucose ndi njira ziwiri zamagazi zophunzirira glycemic: makamaka - pamimba yopanda kanthu, kachiwiri - maola awiri pambuyo pa "shuga katundu".

Udindo wa katundu ndi yankho lamchere la glucose. Achinyamata azaka za 12+ amawaza ndi 70 ml ya chinthucho mu 200 ml yamadzi. Kwa ana ochepera zaka 12, muyezo wama glucose umachepera pomwe amakhalanso ndi madzi. Kuyesedwa kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi.

Kutsimikiza kwa mulingo wa HbA1C (glycated hemoglobin) ndi mankhwala. Glycated (glycated) hemoglobin imapangidwa ndi kulumikizana kwa hemoglobin ndi glucose ndipo imasungidwa m'thupi masiku 120. Kuwunikaku kumapangitsa kuti athe kutsata glycemia pakubwezeretsanso kwa miyezi itatu. Kuwunikira kwa kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies kuti glutamate decarboxylase (GAD antibodies) kumachitidwanso. Mu shuga ya ana, nthawi zonse imapereka zotsatira zabwino (ma antibodies atsimikiza).

Malamulo okonzekeretsa mwana kuphatikiza magazi

Njira zoyeserera zimachitika mu labotale. Magazi kuti awunike amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala. Mwa makanda, biofluid (magazi) nthawi zambiri amatengedwa chidendene. Mitundu ya shuga ya magazi a capillary ndi venous imatha kusiyanasiyana mpaka 12%, yomwe si njira yophunzitsira ndipo imazindikirika poyerekeza ndi miyezo.

Mkhalidwe waukulu ndikuwunikira kwa mawunikidwe pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuthupi kwa thupi kutulutsa shuga m'magazi mukangodya ndikusunga gawo lake lokwera pafupifupi maola atatu. Ngati mwana amadya chakudya cham'mawa asanawunike, shuga wamagazi amatsimikiziridwa kuti adzaukitsidwa. Ma microscopy a shuga amachitika kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu!

Njira zodzikonzera zimaphatikizapo njira yofulumira kwa maola 8 isanachitike ndondomeko, kusowa kwa maswiti pamenyu yamadzulo tsiku loti lisanthulidwe, kukana ukhondo wam'mawa, komanso kugona tulo tulo. Tisanapite ku labotale, nkoletsedwa kutafuna chingamu ndikumwa koloko kapena madzi otsekemera (madzi wamba amaloledwa mulingo woyenera). Kukonzekera kosayenera kwa mwana pakuwunikira kumabweretsa zosokoneza.

Njira zochepetsera magwiridwe antchito

Hyperglycemia mwa ana imalipidwa, choyambirira, mwa kukonza zakudya. Mkhalidwe wa kulekerera kwa glucose (prediabetes) umasinthidwanso. Popewa kukula kwa matenda ashuga, ndikokwanira kubwereza zakudya ndi zakudya.Ndi shuga wowonjezereka, tikulimbikitsidwa kusamutsa mwana kuti azidya zakudya zoperekedwa kwa odwala matenda a shuga.

Pofuna kutsimikizira mtundu wa ana matendawa, mwana amayembekeza chithandizo chautali ndi mankhwala a insulin. Mlingo wa mankhwala ndi njira zochizira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi endocrinologist. Jakisoni wa insulin amachitika malinga ndi dongosolo lomwe dokotala wakonza. Zochizira, ma insulin azachipatala azakanthawi kochepa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zakudya "tebulo No. 9" limaperekedwa kwa wodwala pang'ono, yemwe amathandizira kukhala ndi glycemia wokhazikika komanso kupewa matenda a matenda ashuga. Zinthu zomwe zili ndi chakudya chambiri zimaphatikizidwa kuchokera kumenyu:

• ayisi kirimu, makeke ndi zinthu zina zotchedwa confectionery,
• makeke okoma, kupanikizana, maswiti,
• zipatso: papaya, guava, cannon, nthochi, zinanazi, nkhuyu,
• zakumwa: zakumwa zokhala ndi zinthu zambiri, msuzi wokoma, tiyi wamabotolo.

Zakudyazo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zinthu zopangira mapuloteni (nkhuku zodyera, nsomba, bowa, mazira) ndi zakudya zovuta, zomwe zimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono m'thupi. Zakudya zowonda pang'ono zimaphatikizapo nyemba ndi mbewu, masamba. Mbatata ndizoletsa.

Zinthu zonse zadyedwe zimasankhidwa chifukwa cha glycemic index (GI), yomwe imawonetsa kuthamanga komwe glucose amapangidwira pakukhuta chakudya amalowa m'magazi. Ndi hyperglycemia, chakudya chomwe chimawonetsedwa kuchokera pa 0 mpaka 30 chimaloledwa, zakudya zokhala ndi index ya 30 mpaka 70 ndizochepa.

Udindo wa Kholo

Mosasamala kanthu za chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, mwana amafunikira chithandizo. Udindo wa makolo umaphatikizapo kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso kuyang'anira chithandizochi nthawi zonse. Ndikofunikira:

• gulani glucometer yokhala ndi zingwe zoyesera komanso muyeso wamkhitchini,
• kuwunika glycemia kangapo patsiku,
• musasokoneze dongosolo la mankhwala a insulin,
• Konzani zakudya zoyenera komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• Nthawi ndi nthawi tengani mwana kwa endocrinologist kuti mum'fufuze komanso azimuwunikira,
• perekani thandizo kwamalingaliro ndi thandizo.

Kuti athandizire kuzolowera matendawa, endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kupita ku makalasi ku Sukulu ya Matenda a shuga. Ana omwe ali ndi vuto lotenga matenda ashuga ayenera kuyamba kupewa kuyambira pomwe abadwa. Mwana amene amakonda kuchita hyperglycemia kapena ali ndi matenda opha matenda a shuga amafunika kufotokozedwa molondola kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimaphatikizidwa.

Shuga wamkamwa amatha kukhala chizindikiro cha kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa metabolic ndi mahomoni. Kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia, kuyezetsa magazi koyenera ndikofunikira. Chochulukacho chomwe chikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwazosakhazikika kwa shuga ndi ana a shuga 1 mtundu.

Matendawa ndi amodzi a ma endocrine osagwira ndipo amafunikira jakisoni wa insulin ndikutsatira malamulo a kadyedwe. Kukula kwa matendawa ndi kukulira kwa zovuta zophatikizika zitha kuchepetsedwa ngati mumatsatira mosamalitsa malangizo azachipatala.