Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwana wa zaka 7

Matenda a shuga ana amaphatikizidwa ndi matenda a metabolic chifukwa chosowa insulini. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1 amwana. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuthana ndi chitetezo cha chitetezo cha m'thupi kwa ma virus, poizoni, zakudya zopezeka kumbuyo kwa chibadwire.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri kwa kuubwana, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa zakudya zopanda pake ndi shuga, chakudya mwachangu, confectionery, endocrinologists amawona kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga a 2 pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga kwa ana azaka 7 zitha kukhala kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, khungu lonse limodzi ndi chithunzi chapamwamba mu mawonekedwe am'mimba komanso kuwonda. Mwana akapezeka kuti wapezeka ndi matenda mochedwa, amatha kumulowetsa kuchipatala ndi zizindikiro za chikomokere, pomwe amayamba kuzindikira matenda a shuga.

Zolemba za chitukuko cha matenda a shuga kwa ana

Makonzedwe obadwa nawo a matenda ashuga amawonekera mu mtundu wina wa majini omwe akupezeka (mtundu 1 wa shuga) pa chromosome yachisanu ndi chimodzi. Amatha kuzindikirika ndikuphunzira ma antigenic kapangidwe ka magazi leukocytes. Kukhalapo kwa majini oterowo kumangopereka mwayi waukulu wodwala matenda ashuga.

Chochititsa chidwi chingathe kusamutsidwa ndi ma virus a rubella, chikuku, mavu, matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha enterovirus, Coxsackie B. Kuphatikiza ma virus, matenda ashuga amathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha mankhwala ndi mankhwala, kuyambitsa mkaka wa ng ombe ndi chimanga mu zakudya.

Pambuyo podziwonetsera kuti ndi chinthu chowonongeka, maselo a beta omwe ali mu chisumbu cha kapamba amawonongeka. Kupanga kwa ma antibodies kumayambira pazinthu zomwe zimapanga ma membrane ndi cytoplasm ya maselo mthupi. Mu kapamba, zochita (insulin) zimayamba ngati njira yotupa ya autoimmune.

Kuwonongeka kwa maselo kumayambitsa kusowa kwa insulin m'magazi, koma chithunzi chachipatala chomwe sichimawoneka nthawi yomweyo, matenda ashuga m'matupi ake amapitilira magawo angapo:

• Gawo loyambirira: kuyezetsa magazi ndikwabwinobwino, palibe chizindikiro cha matendawa, koma mapangidwe a antibodies motsutsana ndi ma pancreatic cell amayamba.
• Matenda obwera chifukwa cha shuga: kudya glycemia ndikwabwinobwino, mutatha kudya kapena mukamayesa mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga, owonjezera omwe amapezeka m'magazi amapezeka.
• Gawo la zodziwikiratu za matenda ashuga: maselo opitilira 85% omwe amapanga insulin amawonongeka. Pali zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, hyperglycemia m'magazi.

Kupanga kwa insulin kumachepa, pakalibe jakisoni wake, pamakhala chizolowezi chokhala ndi ketoacidosis wokhala ndi chikomokere ndi matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia. Ndi kuikidwa koyambirira kwa insulin ndi matenda a metabolism yovutitsidwa, kapamba angachiritsidwe pang'ono, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa kufunika kwa insulin.

Matendawa amatchedwa "kukwatirana," kapena kuchotsera shuga. Popeza zochita za autoimmune sizimaleka, maselo a beta akupitilizabe kuwonongeka, zomwe zimayambitsa mawonetseredwe obwereza a shuga ndi kufunika kopereka kukonzekera kwa insulini m'moyo wonse wa wodwala.

Zomwe zimayambitsa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga mwa ana ndi onenepa kwambiri, zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono, kusokonezeka kwa chithokomiro, chithokomiro cha adrenal komanso hypothalamus ndi gland. Zinthu izi zimawonekera pamaso pa kukana kochepetsedwa kwa chakudya chamafuta, chomwe timalandira.

Kuyambika koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi kulemera kwakukulu, kuthamanga mofulumira m'miyoyo yoyambirira, komanso vuto la kuperewera kwa thupi kwa amayi pa nthawi yapakati: kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamagulu ochulukirapo komanso kusowa kwa mapuloteni muzakudya.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, insulin imapangidwa kokwanira, ngakhale kuchuluka, koma minyewa, chiwindi ndi ma adipose minofu yama cell sangayankhe chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwamphamvu kwa timadzi timeneti.

Vutoli limatchedwa insulin kukana. Chifukwa chake, mosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, chithandizo cha insulin cha maphunzirowa sichikulamulidwa, ndipo odwala akulangizidwa kuti achepetse zovuta zakumwa m'zakudya kuti asalimbikitse kapamba ndi kumwa mapiritsi omwe amalimbikitsa kuyankha kwa insulin receptors.