Khansa yapakansa ndi matenda ashuga: ubale wake ndi chiani?

Kapamba - Awa ndi thupi lomwe limapanga insulini ndipo limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amapezeka pamene kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira. Matenda a 2 a shuga amakula pamene thupi silitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino insulin.

Cancreas anatomy ndi physiology

Pancreas imatulutsa ma enzymes am'mimba ndipo imapezeka m'malo obwezeretsa. Thupi limapanganso insulin, yomwe imathandizira kuwongolera shuga. Maselo omwe amapanga insulin amatchedwa maselo a beta. Mawonekedwe a maselo zilumba za Langerhans kapangidwe ka kapamba. Insulin ndi timadzi timene timathandiza thupi kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamagulu azakudya mphamvu. Hormoni iyi imachotsa glucose kuchokera pagazi kupita ku maselo a thupi. Glucose imapereka maselo mphamvu zomwe amafunikira kuti azigwira ntchito. Ngati pali insulini yochepa kwambiri m'thupi, maselo sangathe kuyamwa shuga m'magazi. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakwera ndipo mkhalidwe monga hyperglycemia umakula. Hyperglycemia ndiomwe amachititsa kwambiri matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga.

Kodi kapamba umalumikizana bwanji ndi matenda ashuga?

Matenda a shuga amakhala ndi shuga wambiri. Izi ndi zotsatira za kuperewera kwa insulin, komwe kungakhale chimodzi mwazotsatira za zovuta zapancreatic. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi shuga wambiri kapena wotsika magazi nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kutengera zomwe amadya, ngakhale atamwa mankhwala a insulin kapena shuga. Matenda a Type 1 ndi 2 amayenderana ndi kapamba.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakula chifukwa kapamba sangatulutse insulin yokwanira kapena samapanga konse. Popanda insulini, maselo sangapeze mphamvu zokwanira kuchokera ku chakudya. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amayamba chifukwa cha chitetezo cha mthupi pama cell a beta opanga insulin. Maselo a Beta amawonongeka, ndipo pakapita nthawi, zikondamoyo zimasiya kutulutsa insulin yokwanira kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za thupi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa kulandira jakisoni wa insulin. Madokotala amatcha matenda amtunduwu wa ana, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakulira ubwana kapena unyamata. Palibe chifukwa chomveka cha matenda ashuga amtundu 1. Umboni wina ukusonyeza kuti mtundu wa shuga ndiwomwe umachokera chifukwa cha majini kapena chilengedwe.

Type 2 shuga

Mtunduwu umachitika pamene insulin yakana. Ngakhale kapamba amatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono, maselo amthupi sangathe kuwagwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Zotsatira zake, kapamba amayamba kupanga insulin yambiri pazosowa za thupi. Ndi insulin yokwanira m'thupi, matenda a shuga amakula. Maselo a Beta amawonongeka pakapita nthawi ndipo amatha kusiya kutulutsa insulin kwathunthu. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amachititsanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimalepheretsa maselo kupeza mphamvu zokwanira. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amatha kukhala chifukwa cha majini komanso mbiri ya mabanja. Zochitika m'moyo monga kunenepa kwambiri, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumathandizanso pa izi. Kuchiza nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, zakudya zopatsa thanzi, komanso mankhwala ena. Dokotala amatha kudziwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga kumayambiriro kotchedwa prediabetes. Munthu yemwe ali ndi prediabetes amatha kuletsa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa matendawa posintha zakudya zake ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Pancreatitis ndi shuga

Pancreatitis ndi kutupa kwa kapamba. Pali mitundu iwiri:

1. pachimake kapamba, momwe zizindikiro zimawonekera mwadzidzidzi ndipo zimatha masiku angapo,
2. aakulu kapamba ndi mkhalidwe wautali momwe zizindikiro zimawonekera ndipo zimatha patatha zaka zochepa. Matenda a kapamba amatha kuwononga maselo a kapamba, amenenso angayambitse matenda ashuga.

Pancreatitis imachiritsidwa, koma milandu yayikulu ingafune kugonekedwa. Munthu ayenera kuganizira kwambiri za matenda a kapamba chifukwa ndiwopseza moyo. Zizindikiro za kapamba:

1. kusanza
2. kupweteka pamimba, komwe kumatha kuwonekera kumbuyo,
3. ululu womwe umakulirakudya,
4. malungo
5. nseru
6. kukoka mwachangu.

Matenda a shuga ndi khansa ya kapamba

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mwayi wokhala ndi khansa ya pancreatic ukuwonjezeka nthawi 1.5-2. Kukhazikika kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 kungakhale chizindikiro cha khansa yamtunduwu. Kugwirizana pakati pa matenda ashuga ndi khansa ya pancreatic ndizovuta. Matenda a shuga amawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi khansa yamtunduwu, ndipo khansa ya pancreatic nthawi zina imatha kuyambitsa matenda a shuga. Zina zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya pancreatic:

1. kunenepa
2. ukalamba
3. kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
4. kusuta
5. cholowa.

Poyambirira, khansa yamtunduwu siyambitsa chilichonse.

Pomaliza

Matenda a shuga amaphatikizidwa ndi kapamba ndi insulin. Kupanga insulin pang'ono kumatha kuyambitsa shuga m'magazi ambiri, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi matenda a shuga. Munthu amatha kuletsa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 ngati sasuta, kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, kudya mokwanira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.

Kodi matenda ashuga angalosere khansa yapancreatic?

Mwanjira ina, T2DM sikuti ndi chizindikiro cha khansa komanso chofunikira cha chiopsezo. Ngakhale kulumikizidwa kutsimikizika, gawo la T2DM pakuwunika mayeso a khansa ya pancreatic pano akuphunzira.

Kugwirizana pakati pa zinthu ziwirizi ndikovuta kwa ofufuza, chifukwa odwala ambiri atha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga kwazaka zambiri, koma amadziwika kuti "adapezeka kumene" matendawa atapezeka. Komanso T2DM ndi khansa ya kapamba amakhala ndi ziwopsezo wamba monga kukalamba, chibadwa chamtsogolo, komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Pachifukwa ichi, maphunziro ambiri a kunja kwa matenda ashuga monga chizindikiro cha khansa ya kapamba amapereka zotsatira zosakanikirana komanso zotsutsana.

Kafukufuku wopanga kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe Chari ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adayesa odwala 2122 wazaka zopitilira 50 omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga a khansa yapakhungu patatha zaka zitatu atapezeka.

Mwa 18 ophunzira (0.85%), khansa ya kapamba idapezeka kwa zaka zitatu. Izi ndi ziwopsezo za zaka zitatu zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi 8 peresenti kuposa kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba, poganizira zina.

Ambiri mwa odwalawa analibe mbiri yaku mabanja, ndipo 50% anali ndi "zokhudzana ndi khansa" (ngakhale sanazindikiridwe ndi ofufuzawo). Mwa odwala 10 mwa 18, khansa idapezeka pasanathe miyezi 6 atazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 adakumana.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri ndi Setiawan ndi Stram mu 2018 adakambirana za ubale womwe unachitika posachedwa wa T2DM ndi khansa ya pancreatic pakati pa anthu aku America aku America ndi ku Spain. Magulu odwala awa adasankhidwa chifukwa onse anali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 (ngakhale aku America ku Africa ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya kapamba kuposa anthu aku Latin America).

Kafukufuku yemwe akuyembekezeredwa kuti azikhala ndi anthu ophunzira ku America anali 48,995 aku America ndi azungu omwe amakhala ku California, pomwe 15,833 (32.3%) anali ndi matenda a shuga.

Odwala okwanira 408 adadwala khansa ya pancreatic. T2DM idalumikizidwa ndi matenda a khansa ali ndi zaka 65 ndi 75 (kuchuluka kwa zosagwirizana ndi 4.6 ndi 2.39, motsatana). Mwa omwe ali ndi khansa ya kapamba, 52.3% ya izi zidachitika mkati mwa miyezi 36 isanachitike kuzindikira khansa.

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri ndi omwe amayambitsa vuto komanso khansa ya kapamba. Othandizira azaumoyo ayenera kudziwa izi akaunika odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika mtsogolo kutifotokozere momwe zowunikira khansa ya pancreatic zingaphatikizidwe ndi mayeso a T2DM.

K. Mokanov: wasanthula-katswiri, wazachipatala wazachipatala komanso womasulira akatswiri pazachipatala