Matenda a shuga

• Kodi miyendo ndi yothandiza bwanji?
• Phindu la nandolo zamzitini
• Zakudya Zobiriwira Zobiriwira
• Malamulo ena ophika

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga, ngati 1, kugwiritsa ntchito nandolo zobiriwira ndizovomerezeka kuposa zovomerezeka. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, izi ndizothandiza, komabe, monga zili ndi mbale ina iliyonse, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nandolo pang'ono. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito popanda chilolezo cha katswiri kungakhale koopsa kwambiri. Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa zonse pasadakhale za nandolo zophika komanso ngati zingatheke.

Kodi miyendo ndi yothandiza bwanji?

Phindu la nyemba, monga nandolo, nyemba, mphodza, timayenera kusamalidwa mwapadera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi masana kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi glycemia wabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, momwe chiwopsezo cha matenda a angina pectoris chimathandizira kuti magazi azitha kufalikira.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito nyemba zimatha kuthana ndi cholesterol yayikulu komanso glucose wamagazi. Komabe, asanasangalale ndi nandolo zobiriwira komanso katundu wawo, odwala matenda ashuga amalangizidwa mwamphamvu kuti aphunzire zambiri za mawonekedwe ake.

Phindu la nandolo zamzitini

Ma legamu mtsogoleri ndiye mtsogoleri wazomwe zimaphatikizapo mapuloteni komanso zakudya zamafuta. Kuyerekezera kumapangidwa ndi mayina ambewu, ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, ndikofunikira kulingalira zomwe ndere zobiriwira ndizobiriwira:

• muli vitamini b
• nicotinic acid, biotin ndi carotene alipo,
• zosafunikira kwenikweni ndizo mchere wa magnesium, chitsulo, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu,
• Chofunikira china ndi kukhuthala.

Kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu zamapangidwe kumawonetsanso kuvomerezeka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake. Zizindikiro sizaposa 73 kcal pa 100 g. mankhwala, chifukwa chake amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Choyimira china ndi glycemic index, omwe ali magawo 40 okha. Uku ndi mtengo wapakati, chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwazomwe zololedwa kumaloledwa kukhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri.

Zothandiza pazinthu zomwe zimapangidwazo zimaphatikizira kuchepa kwa mayamwidwe am'mimba kuchokera m'matumbo. Yang'anirani kuchotsedwa kwa kuchuluka kwa mchere, kupewa kufalikira kwa mandala a diso. M'pofunikanso kudziwa kulimbitsa kapangidwe kazinthu zamafupa ndikusangalatsa kwa matumbo ntchito.

Kodi matenda a shuga a 2 ndi omwe amayambitsa ndi chiyani

Matenda a 2 a shuga kapena odwala omwe samadalira insulini amakhudza 85-90% ya onse odwala matenda ashuga. Pamtima wamatenda ndikuchepa kwa chidwi chamkati mwa insulin. Pa gawo loyamba, kapamba amagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi, ndipo timadzi timene timapangika m'miyeso yofananira, nthawi zina ngakhale yowonjezera, koma sizigwira ntchito kulowa m'maselo, chifukwa chiwopsezo chochepa.

Chifukwa cha izi, shuga wamagazi amawuka. Popita nthawi, kupangira insulin yambiri kumatsitsa kapamba, amalephera kugwira ntchito ndipo amasiya kuyipanga yonse. Izi zimabweretsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic ndi jakisoni wa insulin wa moyo wonse.

Ili ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, m'mbuyomu kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri kudachitika makamaka kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 45 akuvutika ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Pakadali pano, matendawa ndi ocheperako. Pakhalapo nthawi zina pamene ana asukulu, okonda kudya komanso tchipisi, omwe ali onenepa kwambiri komanso achibale omwe ali ndi matenda omwewo, adayamba matenda ashuga 2. Chifukwa chake, zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kubadwa ndi kunenepa.

Mwa zovuta, mitundu itatu ya chitukuko cha matendawa imatha kusiyanitsidwa:

• Zosavuta - muchepetse shuga chifukwa cha zakudya kapena zakudya ndi piritsi limodzi lokhazikitsa shuga. Ndi izi, odwala samakhala ndi zovuta zambiri ndipo kuvulaza thupi ndikochepa.
• Yapakatikati - njira za metabolic zimapangidwira chifukwa mapiritsi a 2-3 a mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, odwala amatha kukumana ndi mavuto m'thupi.
• Sever - kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepetsa shuga ndi mankhwala a insulin, kapena jakisoni wa insulin wokha. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, odwala amakhala ndi mavuto akulu ndi ziwiya, zamanjenje, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zam'maso, matenda a impso.

Ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zomwe zili ndi digirii iliyonse komanso mtundu wa shuga ndi mitundu 1 ndi 2.

Kudya Malamulo a odwala matenda ashuga

Kuchepetsa shuga ngakhale ndimankhwala, koma osatsatira kudya kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndizovuta. Ndi matendawa, mdani wamkulu ndi chakudya chamagulu omwe amapezeka muzakudya. Zofunika kudziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti ndizosatheka kuwasiyanitsa kwathunthu ndi zakudya, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo asamve bwino. Chifukwa chake, zakudya ziyenera kukhala zokwanira, koma kuganizira mawonekedwe a thupi la odwala matenda ashuga.

Kuti mupewe kuwerengera zopatsa mphamvu ndi zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito magome osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, matebulo a mikate ndi mikanda ya glycemic. Pofuna kuti musayang'ane nthawi zonse, ndizosavuta kupanga mndandanda wazinthu zitatu:

• Mutha kudya zochulukirapo - masamba ambiri (chimanga ndi mbatata saloledwa) ndiatsopano ndipo makamaka ndi mafuta ochepa, timadziti ndi tiyi wopanda shuga, timadzi tokhala mchere komanso mchere wamafuta.
• Zakudya zomwe zimaloledwa pang'ono ndi nsomba ndi nyama zopanda mafuta, tchizi cholimba chomwe chimakhala ndi mafuta osakwana 30%, zinthu zamafuta zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa, nyemba, zipatso zambiri, mazira, chimanga ndi mbatata, buledi wowuma kapena yisiti.
• Zakudya zoletsedwa ndizopanga mafuta abwino (shuga ndi maswiti), zakudya zamafuta ndi mowa.

Mukamawerengera chakudya chamatsiku ndi tsiku, musaiwale kuti mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa zakudya sizoyenera kupitilira 20-80g. Ngati tikulankhula za XE, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa magawo a mkate kungakhale kuyambira pa 8 mpaka 28. Kuti tisunge shuga wambiri, malamulo awa ayenera kuyang'aniridwa:

• Chakudya chonse chimagawika m'magulu a 5-6. Mwa izi, 3 zazikulu, 5-8 XE ndi 2-3 zokhwasula-khwasule za 1-2 XE.
• Nthawi pakati pa chakudya sayenera kupitirira maola 3-4. Zakudya zomaliza ziyenera kukhala maola 1.5-2 asanagone.
• Pakati pa zakudya zazikulu muyenera kudya zipatso, kumamwa timadzi tokonzedwa kumene kapena kudya masamba a masamba abwino.
• Palibe chifukwa muyenera kudumphira chakudya cham'mawa. Sayenera kukhala wonenepa, ndibwino kusankha kanyumba tchizi, oatmeal ndi maapulo, casserole wokhala ndi zipatso.
• Mukamasankha mbale, ndibwino kukonda zomwe zaphikidwa ndi mafuta ochepa, ophika mu msuzi wawo, owiritsa, nthunzi ndi zinthu zatsopano ndizabwino. Ngati ndi mbalame, ndiye kuti khungu liyenera kuchotsedwa.

Zonsezi zimaganiziridwa muzakudya No. 9, zomwe zidapangidwa makamaka kwa anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a mitundu yonse iwiri. Kwa odwala omwe amadalira insulin komanso mitundu yayikulu ya matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya No. 9b.

Maphikidwe kuchokera ku chakudya No. 9

Maziko pokonzekera maphunziro ambiri amitundu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga ndi msuzi wowoneka bwino wopangidwa kuchokera ku nyama yamphongo yang'ombe kapena ng'ombe. Kwa malita atatu amadzi mudzafunika: 1 makilogalamu a nyama pa fupa ndi 200 g ya pulp yoyera, 1 karoti ndi splinter, theka la gulu la udzu winawake ndi parsley, nandolo 4 za tsabola wakuda, tsamba lamchere ndi mchere. Mafupa ndi nyama zimathiridwa ndi madzi ozizira ndikuyika moto kuti uwiritse, ndiye kuti madziwo omwe amatsanulira amathiridwa, ndipo mmalo mwake, madzi otentha owiritsa amatsanuliridwa ndikuwotcha kachiwiri.

Pambuyo pakuwotha, onjezerani mchere, kuyambitsa ndikuchotsa chithovu, kuphika kwa maola atatu. Mapeto, onjezerani zonunkhira ndi masamba osankhidwa bwino ndi zitsamba. Pambuyo pake amachiwumitsa kwa nthawi yayitali, nkutenga nyama ndikuigwiritsa ntchito padera, kusefa madziwo ndi sume yabwino ndikuigwiritsa ntchito pokonzanso supu ndi borsch.

Kuti mukonzekere zakudya okroshka mudzafunika: dzira lophika kwambiri, 120 g ya nyama yopendekera, 50 g wa kaloti ndi mbatata, 100 g zatsopano nkhaka, mchere pang'ono komanso kuthira 40 g wowawasa kirimu kapena mayonesi wopepuka ndi theka la lita kvass. Chilichonse chimadulidwa mu ma cubes, mchere ndi kusakaniza. Kuvala kumawonjezeredwa pomwepo musanatumikire.

Mutha kuphika nyama yankhuku ya banja. Kuti muchite izi, tengani 300 g ya nyama yankhuku yoyera, 20 g mkaka ndi mkate wopanda pake ndi 15 g batala. Mkatewo umanyowetsedwa mkaka, kenako ndikuwupaka nyama yankhuku ndikuthira mu chopukusira nyama, ndiye kuwonjezera mafuta ndikuphatikizanso. Pambuyo pamafomu awa ndikutulutsa nyama, zomwe zimayamwa. Tumikirani zabwino kwambiri ndi mbale zamasamba.

Pali maphikidwe ambiri ophikira zakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mutha kuphika china chatsopano komanso chokoma tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti zakudya sizingawoneke ngati zabwino. Anthu aulesi amatha kupanga saladi tsiku lililonse kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano, koma zosiyanasiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavalidwe. Zakudya zotsekemera, timadziti tatsopano, ma compotes ndi zakudya zimakonzedwa. Mutha kuwaza zikondamoyo kapena kuphika keke yapadera kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Kodi matenda a shuga a 3 ndi otani: kufotokozera ndi zizindikiro za matendawa

Nthenda yayikulu komanso yodziwika bwino monga matenda a shuga imayamba pamene ziwalo za endocrine zimagwira. Chifukwa chake, kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matendawa kumachitika ndi akatswiri apadera - endocrinologists.

Malinga ndi kufalikira kwa zizindikilo ndi zizindikilo zomwe zimavomerezedwa, mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga amadziwika. Koma palinso mtundu wina, wapadera kwambiri wamatenda omwe amaphatikiza zizindikiro za mitundu yonse iwiri nthawi imodzi - matenda ashuga a 3.

Ntchito zawo, akatswiri a endocrinology nthawi zambiri amalemba chithunzi chazovuta za matenda. Panali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zizindikiro zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa bwino ndikusankha njira zamankhwala. Nthawi zina zimapezeka zofanana mu mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Nthawi zina, zizindikilo za mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga zimawongoleredwa.

Popeza njira zakuchiritsira ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosiyana mwanjira iliyonse yamatendawa, zinali zovuta kudziwa njira yothandizira. Ndiye chifukwa chake pakufunika kuwonjezeranso matendawa. Mtundu watsopano umatchedwa matenda a shuga atatu.

Chidziwitso Chofunikira: World Health Organisation ikana kuvomereza mwanjira yachitatu mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Mbiri yakupezeka

Matenda a shuga amakhalanso amtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri mu 1975. Koma ngakhale pamenepo, wasayansi wotchuka Bluger adawona kuti muzochita zamankhwala, mtundu wamatenda nawonso umakhala wamba, womwe sugwirizana pazizindikiro zake ndi mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri.

Mu mtundu woyamba wamatenda, kusowa kwa insulini m'thupi kumadziwika - kuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi jakisoni kapena mapiritsi. Ndi matenda amtundu wachiwiri - mafuta mawonekedwe a chiwindi.

Njira ya njirayi ndi motere:

1. Miyezo yama chakudya ndi lipids m'thupi imasokonekera.
2. Kuchuluka kwa ma asidi omwe amalowa m'chiwindi kumakwera kwambiri.
3. Ulamuliro sungagwire ntchito yawo.
4. Zotsatira zake ndi mafuta.

Zinadziwika kuti ngati pali matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 njira imeneyi sikuchitika. Koma ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu wachitatu apezeka, wodwalayo amakhala ndi zonse ziwiri nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda amtunduwu

Ngakhale Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse silizindikira mtunduwu, ulipo. Mokulira, milandu yonse imayambitsa nthendayi, pomwe makonzedwe owonjezera a insulin amafunikira - ngakhale muyezo waukulu.

Madokotala amakana kuti azindikire za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachitatu. Koma pali milandu yambiri yamatenda amtunduwu. Ngati zizindikiro za mtundu woyamba zilipo, matendawa amapitilira mwamphamvu kwambiri.

Zomwezi zitha kunenedwa za matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zotchulidwa za mtundu wachiwiri wa thyrotoxic.

Chofunika: mu zamankhwala, palibe chidziwitso chazomwe zimayambira ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri.

Kodi matendawa amakula bwanji?

Pali lingaliro loti matenda ashuga amtundu wa 3 amayamba kupanga ndi kuyamwa kwa ayodini ndi matumbo kuchokera kuzakudya zomwe zikubwera. Cholinga cha njirayi imatha kukhala matenda a ziwalo zamkati:

• Dysbacteriosis,
• Kutupa kwa mucosal
• Kusalolera payekha kwa mbewu monga chimanga,
• Zilonda ndi kukokoloka.

Odwala pankhaniyi, kugwiritsa ntchito ayodini kumapangidwa.

Zotsatira zake, akusowa kwa ayodini m'thupi ndi kusokoneza kayendedwe ka endocrine.

Mankhwala omwe adapangidwira kuchiza matenda amitundu iwiri yoyambirira sagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Komanso, njira yochizira ndi mankhwala okhala ndi insulin kapena othandizira omwe amathandizira ntchito ya kapamba sikupereka kanthu.

Zochizira

Kuti mupewe matenda amtunduwu, muyenera kusankha njira yapadera. Kutengera chithunzithunzi cha matenda a shuga awa ndi zizindikiro zomwe zalembedwa, kuphatikiza njira ndi mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa matenda.

Amadziwika momwe mungagwiritsire matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu wa 2 shuga, ndipo ngati ndalama zochizira mtundu wachitatu zimasankhidwa molingana ndi mfundo yomweyo, muyenera kuyang'anira ngati kuchuluka kwambiri kwa kulemera kwa thupi kumawonedwa pakukula kwa matendawa.