Matenda a shuga: zimayambitsa, Zizindikiro, mankhwala, zakudya ndi kupewa

Mwa matenda a shuga, akatswiri amatanthauza matenda angapo amtundu wa endocrine omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa thupi la munthu, mahomoni a peptide, omwe amapangidwa m'maselo a kapamba. Nthawi zambiri vuto lalikulu limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa glucose wamagazi, kusokonezeka kwazinthu zingapo zamitundu yonse yayikulu ya kagayidwe.

Mawonetsero akunja a shuga mellitus (DM), makamaka ludzu lolimba komanso kutayika kwa madzi, anali odziwika ngakhale nthawi yathu ino isanakwane. Pazaka zambiri, malingaliro zokhudzana ndi matendawa adasintha kwambiri mpaka kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, pamene pamlingo wazowunika ndi zoyesa zomwe zifukwa zowona ndi njira za matenda zidafotokozedwera, komanso njira zothandizira mankhwala zochokera mu timadzi timene timayeretsedwa peptide yotengedwa kuchokera ku ng'ombe.

Ziwerengero zamankhwala m'zaka zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda a shuga chikukula mwachangu, zomwe zikuwonjezeka pakukula kwa masamu. Milandu yoposa 250 miliyoni yolembedwa padziko lonse lapansi imawonjezeredwa ndi kuchulukitsa katatu padziko lapansi, poganizira mitundu ya matendawa. Mosavomerezeka, kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa 2000s, matenda a shuga akhala vuto lazachipatala komanso chikhalidwe pagulu.

Matenda a shuga

Pathology mu azimayi pa nthawi yoyembekezera kwambiri hyperglycemia, nthawi zina amazimiririka pambuyo yobereka. Pankhaniyi, kusintha kwachilendo pakukula kwa glucose kumatha kudziwika mu kugonana koyenera ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse omwe alipo asanakhale ndi pakati, komanso azimayi athanzi.

Mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga

Mndandandawu nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi matenda a shuga mellitus omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zovuta za endocrinological, matenda a pancreatic exocrine, zovuta za insulin receptor, mitundu yosagwirizana ndi mayankho a chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso ma genetic syndromes omwe amaphatikizidwa mwachindunji ndi matenda ashuga.

Mwa kuopsa

1. Zosavuta. Gawo laling'ono la glycemia, palibe kusinthasintha kwakukuru kwa shuga tsiku lililonse.
2. Pakatikati. Glycemia imakwera mpaka mamilimita anayi / l, ketoacidosis imawonedwa nthawi zina, angioneuropathies ndi zovuta zingapo zimawonetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
3. Zovuta. Glycemia wambiri, odwala amafunikira mankhwala a insulin nthawi zonse.

Malinga ndi mulingo wa ziphuphu

1. Makina Ochotsa Carbohydrate. Ndi chithandizo chokwanira, zotsatira zoyeserera zimakhala zabwinobwino.
2. UO wolipidwa. Ndi chithandizo chanthawi yake, shuga amakhala pang'ono kuposa zabwinobwino, kuchepa kwa shuga mkodzo sikupitirira magalamu makumi asanu.
3. Kubweza gawo. Ngakhale chithandizo chovuta, kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikokwera, kutsika kwa shuga ndi zoposa magalamu makumi asanu, mayesedwe akuwonetsa kupezeka kwa acetone mu mkodzo. Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa hyperglycemic chikomokere.

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga zingakhale zambiri. Chodziwika komanso chofunikira kwambiri:

1. Mavuto amtundu ndi cholowa.
2. Kunenepa kwambiri
3. Matenda a mavairasi (chiwindi, fuluwenza, nkhuku, ndi zina).
4. Zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka.
5. Mulingo wambiri wopsinjika nthawi zonse.
6. Matenda osiyanasiyana a kapamba ndi ziwalo zina zamkati za secretion (khansa, kapamba, etc.).

Zomwe zili pamwambapa ndizofunikira - nthawi zina, hyperglycemia siziwona ngati shuga yeniyeni mpaka kuwonekera kwa mawonekedwe azachipatala azovuta za zovuta kapena zovuta za mawonekedwe a matenda ashuga.

Zofunikira kwambiri mu gawo loyamba

1. Pakamwa pakamwa.
2. Kumva ludzu pafupipafupi.
3. Kukodza pafupipafupi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwamadzi akumwa.
4. Khungu lowuma, nthawi zina kuyabwa.
5. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kulemera kwa thupi, mawonekedwe kapena kutha kwa mafuta m'thupi.
6. Hypoactive machiritso a mabala, pafupipafupi njira za abscess pazinthu zofewa.
7. Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri.
8. Mawu ofooka ofowoka.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga ovuta

1. Mutu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amanjenje.
2. Zowonongeka.
3. Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
4. Kuchepa mphamvu kwa khungu ndi manja kapena miyendo.
5. Kupweteka kwakanthawi mumtima (kupweteka pachifuwa).
6. Fungo lonenedwa la acetone mu mkodzo ndi thukuta.
7. Kutupa kumaso ndi miyendo.

Zizindikiro

Njira yayikulu yodziwira kuti apezeko matenda a shuga imawoneka kuti ndiko kutsimikiza kwa zomwe zimachitika lero komanso tsiku ndi tsiku mumtsempha wamagazi m'magazi (kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga). Monga maudindo owonjezera, mawonetseredwe azachipatala a kunja kwa matenda a shuga mwanjira ya polyphagy, polyuria, kuchepa thupi kapena kunenepa kwambiri amathandizidwa.

Kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga amtundu wina kumapangidwa ndi zowunikira zotsatirazi:

1. Kuthamanga magazi a glucose ndi apamwamba kuposa 6.1 mmol / L, ndipo maola awiri mutatha kudya zoposa khumi ndi limodzi mmol / L.
2. Mukamabwereza mayeso ololera a glucose, mulingo wa shuga umaposa khumi ndi umodzi mmol / L. Glycosylated hemoglobin pamtunda wa 6.5 peresenti.
3. Acetone ndi shuga zimapezeka mkodzo.

Kuti mudziwe momwe wodwalayo alili, momwe gawo limakhalira matendawo komanso chithunzi chonse chachipatala, adotolo amakupatsirani:

1. Kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi.
2. Kuyesedwa kwa Reberg kwa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa impso.
3. Kafukufuku wopanga magazi wamagazi.
4. Ultrasound, ECG.
5. Kuwerenga mwachangu.
6. Kuzindikiritsa kuchuluka kwa insulin.
7. Ultrasound, rheovasography, capillaroscopy kuyesa kuchuluka kwa vuto la mtima.

Kuphatikiza pa endocrinologist, kufufuza kwathunthu kwa matenda a shuga kumachitidwanso ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni yamankhwala, ophthalmologist, neuropathologist, ndi cardiologist.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga

Tsoka ilo, ndizosatheka kuchiritsa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi mankhwalawa kamodzi kapena kungochotsa vutoli - njira zovuta zokhazokha komanso njira zingapo zopanda mankhwala zomwe zimapangitsa wodwalayo kukhala ndi vuto ndikonzanso kukonzanso kwake.

Mfundo zoyambira

Mpaka pano, njira zabwino zothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kulibe, ndipo njira zoyambirira ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse zizindikiro ndikuthandizira zamagulu a shuga a magazi. Mfundo Zoyikika:

1. Kubwezeredwa kwa mankhwala UO.
2. Matenda a zilembo zofunika ndi kulemera kwa thupi.
3. Chithandizo cha mavuto.
4. Kuphunzitsa wodwala moyo wapadera.

Chofunikira kwambiri pokhalitsa wodwalayo moyo wabwino ungatengedwe kudziyang'anira, makamaka kudzera m'zakudya zoyenera, komanso kudziwikanso kosalekeza m'magazi a glucose ogwiritsa ntchito glucometer.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

1. Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa vuto la matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 monga adjunct kudya mankhwala. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi sulfonylureas (glipizide, glimepiride), ndi biguanides (silubin, metformin). Mfundo yakuchitikira kwa mankhwalawa imakhazikika pakuwonjezera kubisika kwa insulini yachilengedwe komanso kukakamiza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose ndi minyewa. Kuphatikiza apo, thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone) amalembera, zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha minofu ku glucose, komanso PRH (nateglinide), yomwe imamwa kwambiri komanso imapereka mphamvu, koma yochepa, yochepetsera shuga.
2. Insulin Mankhwala a insulin amalephera mosalephera mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1 monga maziko a chithandizo, komanso adjunct kuti alandire chithandizo chamankhwala a mtundu 2 komanso kusakwanira kwa njira zoyambira.
3. Fenofibrate ndi ma statins ngati lipid-kuchepetsa mankhwala.
4. ACE inhibitors, moxonidine waulamuliro wopanikizika.

Kuchiza ndi wowerengeka azitsamba

Njira iliyonse yomwe ili pansipa iyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala!

1. Tengani magalamu 300 a adyo wowerengeka ndi muzu wa parsley, komanso magalamu zana a mandimu. Sakanizani zigawozo podutsa chopukusira nyama, ikani mumtsuko pansi pa chivindikiro chotseka ndipo chisiyeni chikhale malo amdima kwa milungu iwiri. Imwani supuni imodzi patsiku.
2. 1 tbsp. supuni ya maluwa a linden, kutsanulira kapu ya madzi otentha ndi kumwa m'malo mwa tiyi wamba wamba kangapo patsiku.
3. Tengani supuni 1 ya nettle, masamba ½ makapu otalikirapo ndi supuni ziwiri za masamba a quinoa. Thirani osakaniza ndi lita imodzi ya madzi oyeretsedwa, alekeniwo apitirire kwa masiku asanu, kenaka gwiritsani ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa supuni 1 kamodzi pa tsiku mphindi makumi atatu musanadye.
4. Art. supuni ya supuni zouma zouma zothira ½ lita imodzi ya madzi oyeretsedwa. Wiritsani kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu, lolani kuti imere kwa ola limodzi, kupsyinjika ndi kudya decoction ya ½ chikho katatu patsiku.
5. 100 magalamu a sinamoni ufa kutsanulira lita imodzi ya madzi otentha, chipwirikiti, kuwonjezera magalamu 200 a uchi. Ikani chidebecho kwa maola atatu m'malo ozizira ndikuwononga kapu katatu pa tsiku.

Mavuto a shuga

Matenda a shuga pakakhala kuti palibe oyenera kuwongolera momwe alili thupi la wodwalayo komanso chithandizo chovuta cha mankhwala, nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa zovuta zingapo:

1. Hypoglycemia motsutsana maziko a matenda oyanjana, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
2. Ketoacidosis ndi kudzikundikira kwa plasma metabolites yamafuta, makamaka matupi a ketone. Zimayambitsa kuphwanya mfundo zoyambirira za thupi.
3. Hyperosmolar kapena lactic acidotic chikomokere.

1. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya angiopathies ndikuphwanya kosalekanitsidwa kwa kupezeka kwa mtima wamankhwala.
2. Retinopathy ndi kuwonongeka kwa diso la retina.
3. Ma nephropathies ochulukirapo, nthawi zambiri amatsogolera ku kulephera kwa impso.
4. Polyneuropathies ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha-kupweteka mphamvu.
5. Ophthalmopathies, kuphatikizapo amphaka.
6. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma arthropathies.
7. Encephalopathy ndi chitukuko cha kuthekera kwazinthu komanso mwakachetechete kusintha kwamalingaliro.
8. Matenda a shuga mu mawonekedwe a purulent and fret necrotic mu gawo ili la thupi, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azidulidwa.

Zakudya za shuga

Zakudya zoyenera zamatenda a shuga ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa azitha bwino. Monga momwe zamankhwala zimasonyezera, zakudya zopangidwa mwapadera ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa chithandizo cha insulini, chifukwa zimatha kukhala zowerengera za moyo komanso zofunikira za thupi za mitundu yopepuka komanso yapakati pa matenda a shuga.

Udindo wotsogola, zakudya zamasiku ano zodwala zomwe wodwalayo ali ndi matenda ashuga, zimapatsa munthu gawo la zakudyazi malinga ndi zaka komanso zofunikira. Popeza zakudya zomwe anthu ambiri ali ndi matenda ashuga zimakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwazaka zambiri, siziyenera kungokhala zothandiza kuchokera pamalingaliro athupi lathu komanso zimabweretsa chisangalalo.

Chimodzi mwazakudya zofewa, zotchuka komanso zothandiza ndi pulogalamu ya zakudya 9 ya Table 9, yomwe idapangidwa zaka za m'ma 2000 ndi Mikhail Pevzner, woyambitsa zakudya za USSR komanso wasayansi wolemekezeka. Ndizoyenera anthu odwala matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse, okhala ndi kulemera kwabwinobwino kapena pang'ono, komanso kulandira insulin mu Mlingo wocheperako, osapitirira mayunitsi makumi atatu.

Kugwirizana ndi chakudyacho ndikofunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, chifukwa kudya kosayenera, ngakhale kwakanthawi kochepa, kumatha kuyambitsa kukomoka komanso ngakhale kupha. Mtundu wachiwiri wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, zakudya zomwe zimakonzedwa bwino zimakhudza moyo ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri mwayi wopezanso bwino.

Imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika mu zakudya zopezeka ndi shuga ndi gawo la mkate, makamaka, muyezo wazakudya zomwe zimafanana ndi magalamu 10-12 a chakudya. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matebulo opangidwa mwapadera, ogawika m'magulu osiyana (chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta, zinthu zapadziko lonse), komwe index ya XE ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana imasonyezedwa, wodwalayo amatha kusankha zakudya zake kuti, momwemonso, kuchuluka kwa magawo a mkate patsiku kumakhala kosalekeza, osiyanasiyana magawo ndikusintha m'malo mwa gulu limodzi.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu ndi Base Model

Odwala amalangizidwa kuti azidya kangapo 6 patsiku, wogawa chakudya mu chakudya chosiyana. Zomwe zimapangidwa tsiku lililonse pazakudya zimaphatikizanso chakudya (pafupifupi ma gramu mazana atatu ngati ma polysaccharides), mapuloteni (zana limodzi), mafuta (80 magalamu, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu omwe amapezeka masamba), sodium chloride (magalamu 12), ndi madzi aulere mpaka lita imodzi ndi theka. Ma calorie onse patsiku - mpaka 2,5,000 kcal.

Maswiti samasiyidwa kwathunthu (m'malo mwa sorbitol), zinthu zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamafuta, komanso lipotronic zinthu ndi mavitamini, ndikulimbikitsidwa.

1. Supu Mkaka wokhala ndi semolina, Zakudyazi, komanso wamafuta komanso wamphamvu samalimbikitsidwa. Nyama yamafuta ochepa ndi nsomba zimalimbikitsidwa.
2. Mkate ndi zinthu zofananira. Mavuto ndi ma buns osavomerezeka. Analimbikitsa odulidwa, rye mpaka 300 gr / tsiku.
3. Nyama. Mitundu yonse ya masoseji ndi soseji, zakudya zamzitini, zakudya zina zakonzedwa, mitundu yamafuta ya nkhumba, ng'ombe ndi nkhuku ndizoletsedwa. Nyama yophika kwambiri kapena yophika bwino imalimbikitsidwa.
4. Nsomba. Zakudya zamatenda, mafuta amitundu mitundu, caviar samayikidwa. Nsomba yamafuta ochepa, yophika kapena kuwotcha, ndikulimbikitsidwa.
5. Zinthu zamkaka. Kirimu yotsekemera, yotsekemera ndi mafuta, zotsekemera mchere zimaletsedwa. Mkaka wowawasa, tchizi chamafuta ochepa, mkaka wamafuta ochepa umalimbikitsidwa.
6. Mazira. Mutha kudya mapuloteni, mazira otentha owiritsa kunja kwa yolk - osaposa 1 patsiku.
7. Zamasamba. Ma pickles ndi ma pickles amapatula. Masamba omwe amakhala ndi chakudya chochepa kuposa magawo asanu a magawo a chakudya - dzungu, phwetekere, biringanya, nkhaka, ndi mbatata zochepa - ndizofunikira.
8. Maswiti, mitundu yamtundu wa chakudya. Maswiti, shuga, ayisikilimu wa mitundu yonse, nkhuyu, mphesa zouma, zipatso, nthochi siziphatikizidwa. Zipatso zowola, zipatso zokoma ndi wowawasa ndi zipatso zimaloledwa.
9. Zakudya zazing'ono Zakudya zam'nyanja zoyendetsedwa bwino, vinaigrette, mitundu ya masamba a caviar, osakaniza zamasamba atsopano.
10. Zonunkhira ndi msuzi. Mafuta ndi zonunkhira ndizoletsedwa. Masamba ololedwa.
11. Zakumwa. Zokometsera zotsekemera ndi timadziti tam'masitolo, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga siziperekedwa. Tiyi imaloledwa, yokhazikika khofi ndi mkaka, chakumwa cha rosehip, masamba a masamba.
12. Mafuta. Zamoyo ndi nyama ndizoletsedwa.

Zosintha zamasabata sabata

Zakudya zotsatila sabata lililonse sizokhwima, zigawo zina zimayenera kusinthidwa m'magulu omwewo azisamba ndikuwonetsa zisonyezo za mkate zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse.

1. Tsiku 1 Chakudya cham'mawa chokhala ndi tchizi, tchizi chotsika mafuta ochepa ndi mkaka 1% ndi chakumwa cha rosehip. Kwa nkhomaliro, kapu ya 1 peresenti mkaka. Timadya nkhomaliro ndi msuzi wa kabichi, nyama yophika ndi mafuta odzola. Zosakhazikika - maapulo angapo. Pa chakudya chamadzulo timaphika kabichi schnitzel, nsomba yophika, komanso tiyi.
2. Tsiku 2 Tidzadya chakudya cham'mawa ndi phala la barele, dzira limodzi ndi mafuta owiritsa. Pa nkhomaliro, kapu yamkaka. Tili ndi chakudya chamadzulo ndi mbatata zosenda, zipatso, ng'ombe yophika ndi chiwindi. Masana zipatso zipatso. Chakudya chamadzulo, chidutswa cha nkhuku yophika, zokongoletsa za masamba ndi tiyi ndizokwanira. Chakudya chamadzulo chachiwiri ndi kefir.
3. Tsiku 3 Chakudya cham'mawa - tchizi chamafuta ochepa komanso kuwonjezera mkaka wopanda mafuta, oatmeal ndi chakumwa cha khofi. Chakudya cham'mawa - kapu yamafuta. Tili ndi nkhomaliro yopanda nyama, nkhuku yophika ndi buwheat. Khalani ndi masana awiri osawerengeka. Tikudya chamadzulo ndi vinaigrette, dzira limodzi ndi tiyi. Musanagone, mungadye yogati yaying'ono.
4. Tsiku 4 Chakudya cham'mawa, timaphika phala la buckwheat, tchizi chamafuta pang'ono ndi chakumwa cha khofi. Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri ndi kapu ya kefir. Chakudya chamadzulo, konzekerani msuzi wa kabichi, wiritsani chidutswa cha nyama yochepa yamafuta mu msuzi wa mkaka ndi kapu ya compote. Tili ndi mapeyala ang'onoang'ono a 1-2. Tili ndi chakudya chamadzulo ndi kabichi schnitzel ndi nsomba yophika ndi tiyi.
5. Tsiku 5 Chakudya cham'mawa, timaphika vinaigrette (sitigwiritsa ntchito mbatata) ndi supuni ya mafuta am'masamba, dzira limodzi ndi dzira limodzi ndi chakumwa cha khofi ndi buledi wa rye ndi batala. Pa nkhomaliro, maapulo awiri. Timadya nkhomaliro ndi sauerkraut ndi nyama yophika ndi msuzi wa nandolo. Pa tiyi wamadzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo, zipatso zatsopano ndi nkhuku yophika ndi masamba pudding ndi tiyi. Musanagone, mutha kudya yogati.
6. Tsiku 6 Chakudya cham'mawa - chidutswa cha mphodza wosakhwima, mapira ndi mapira a khofi. Chakudya cham'mawa chachiwiri, mutha kudya decoction ya tirigu tirigu. Timadya nkhomaliro ndi nyama yophika, msuzi wa nsomba ndi mbatata zosenda. Khalani ndi kapu yamadzulo ya kefir. Chakudya chamadzulo, kuphika oatmeal ndi tchizi chokoleti mkaka (mafuta ochepa). Musanagone, mungadye apulo imodzi.
7. Tsiku 7 Tili ndi kadzutsa ndi phala la buckwheat ndi dzira lowiritsa. Mutha kudya maapulo ochepa musanadye chakudya chamadzulo. Chakudya chamasana chokha - nyama yodulidwa, barele ndi msuzi wamasamba. Tili ndi tiyi wamasana ndi mkaka, ndipo timadya chakudya chamadzulo ndi nsomba zowiritsa ndi mbatata zotentha, komanso saladi yamasamba ndi tiyi. Musanagone, mungamwe kapu ya kefir.

Kupewa matenda a shuga

Tsoka ilo, mtundu waukulu wa matenda a shuga (mtundu 1) umatha kuonekera mwa munthu wathanzi labwino, chifukwa zinthu zazikulu zakukhazikikaku ndikubadwa komanso matenda obwera ndi mavairasi. Matenda a 2 a shuga, omwe makamaka amakhala ndi vuto losayenera, ayenera kupewedwa pasadakhale.

Zolemba zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinthu zoyambira ndi njira zopewera kupewa matenda a shuga:

1. Matenda a kulemera kwa thupi.
2. Zakudya zoyenera zabwino zokhala ndi mafuta osakanizira am'mimba komanso chakudya.
3. Ankakonda kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.
4. Kuwongolera kagayidwe ka lipid ndi matenda oopsa, ngati muli ndi imodzi.
5. Kuyang'anira mwadongosolo moyo wabwino ndi kupumula kwabwino.
6. Nthawi zonse antiviral prophylaxis pa miliri.
7. Multivitamin kudya.

Ichi ndi chiyani

Lingaliro la "matenda ashuga"Ndichizolowezi kusankha gulu la matenda amtundu wa endocrine omwe amayamba chifukwa chakuchepa kwathunthu kwa thupi kapena wachibale m'thupi insulin. Poganizira izi, wodwalayo amadziwonetsa yekha hyperglycemia - kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi a anthu. Matenda a shuga amakhala ndi njira yovuta. Pakukonzekera matendawa, vuto la metabolic limapezeka lonse: mafuta, mapuloteni, chakudya, mchere ndi madzi ndi mchere kusinthana. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za WHO, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 150 ali ndi matenda ashuga padziko lapansi. Mwa njira, shuga sikuti ndi munthu, komanso nyama zina, mwachitsanzo, amphaka.

Tanthauzo la liwu loti "shuga" kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha Greek ndi "kumaliza." Chifukwa chake, mawu akuti "shuga" amatanthauza "kutaya shuga." Pankhaniyi, chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa chikuwonetsedwa - shuga wa mkodzo. Mpaka pano, ali ndi kafukufuku wambiri pazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, komabe, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa komanso zovuta zake sizikudziwikiratu.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Matenda a shuga nthawi zina amapezekanso mwa anthu monga chidziwitso cha matenda oyambitsidwa. Pankhaniyi, tikukamba matenda ashugazomwe zimachitika pakati pa zotupa chithokomiro kapena kapambazotupa, gren adrenal, zodabwisa. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga umayambanso chifukwa chotsatira mankhwala enaake. Ndipo ngati chithandizo cha matenda oyambitsidwa bwino chikuyenda bwino, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga amachiritsidwa.

Matenda a shuga amapezeka m'magulu awiri: mtundu 1 shugandiye kuti, wodwala insulinkomanso mtundu 2 shugandiye kutiinsulin yodziyimira payokha.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1 umawonetsedwa kwambiri mwa achinyamata: monga lamulo, ambiri mwa odwalawa sanakwanitse zaka makumi atatu. Matenda amtunduwu amakhudza pafupifupi 10-15% ya chiwerengero chonse cha odwala matenda a shuga. Matenda a shuga amapezeka mwa ana amadziwonekera okha mwanjira iyi.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amadwala matenda amtunduwu matenda a shuga - mumps, virus hepatitis, rubella. Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1 amapezeka nthawi zambiri matenda a autoimmuneb chifukwa cha chilema m'thupi. Monga lamulo, munthu amene akudwala matenda oyamba a shuga amawonetsa kuwonda kopanda thanzi. Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi umakwera kwambiri. Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga amadalira jakisoni wopitilira insulin, yemwe amakhala wofunikira.

Pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga ambiri, odwala matenda a shuga a 2 amapezekanso. Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi 15% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi kulemera kwina, ndipo ena onse amavutika ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amayamba chifukwa chosiyana. Zikatero, maselo a beta amatulutsa insulin yokwanira kapena yochulukirapo, koma minyewa m'thupi imalephera kulandira chizindikiro chake. Potere, wodwalayo safuna jakisoni wa insulini kuti apulumuke, koma nthawi zina amapatsidwa mankhwala kuti awongolere shuga la wodwalayo.

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga

Mtundu umodzi wamitundu 1 ya matenda ashuga ndi "Wodalira insulini", choyambitsa chachikulu cha mawonekedwe awa chimatha kukhala zovuta pambuyo pa matenda oyamba ndi kachilombo, mwachitsanzo, chimfine, nsungukomanso matenda a ndulu. Zomwe zimathandizira kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda ashuga a 2 "Insulin payokha"ndi makonzedwe amtundu, komanso matenda amtundu wa endocrine komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga chimayamba kudwala chakudya kagayidwe kachakudya, yomwe imadziwonetsera yokha chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kapamba kuti apange kuchuluka koyenera kwa insulin ya mahomoni kapena kutulutsa insulini yofunikira. Pali malingaliro ambiri pazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti matenda ashuga ndi matenda osapatsirana. Pali chiphunzitso chakuti matenda obadwa ndi majini ndi omwe amayambitsa matendawa. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti chiopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa chimapezeka mwa anthu omwe abale awo apamtima anali kudwala matenda a shuga. Makamaka kwambiri matendawa mwa anthu omwe apezeka ndi matenda ashuga mwa makolo onse awiri.

Monga chinthu chinanso chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza mwachindunji kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga, akatswiri akutero kunenepa. Pankhaniyi, munthu ali ndi mwayi kusintha zolemetsa zawo, ndiye chifukwa chake mukuyenera kuzindikira kwambiri nkhaniyi.

China chomwe chikuchititsa chidwi ndi matenda angapo omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka. maselo a beta. Choyamba, zili kapamba, Matenda a matenda amtundu wina wa endocrine, khansa ya kapamba.

Matenda a ma virus amatha kukhala choyambitsa matenda ashuga. Matenda a ma virus samayambitsa matenda ashuga paliponse. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotengera matenda ashuga komanso zinthu zina zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda chifukwa cha matenda.

Kuphatikiza apo, monga chochititsa chidwi cha matendawa, madokotala amatsimikiza kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika mtima. Okalamba ayenera kukumbukira mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga: munthu akamakula, amakhala kuti ali ndi matenda.

Nthawi yomweyo, lingaliro la ambiri loti anthu omwe amakonda kudya shuga wambiri komanso shuga wambiri ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga amatsimikiziridwa kuyambira pakuwona kwakukulu kwa kunenepa kwambiri mwa anthu otere.

Nthawi zina, matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi akulu amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta zina za mahomoni m'thupi, komanso kuwonongeka kwa kapamba chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri kapena kumwa mankhwala ena ake.

Lingaliro lina likuwonetsa mtundu wa virus wa matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, mtundu 1 wa shuga umatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma virus ma cell a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin. Monga yankho, chitetezo chamthupi chimatulutsa ma antibodieszomwe zimatchedwa osazindikira.

Komabe, mpaka pano pali zambiri zosadziwika pakupeza zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga

Zizindikiro za matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga zimawonetsedwa makamaka pakupanga mkodzo kwambiri. Munthu amayamba kukodza osati pafupipafupi, komanso kwambiri (chodabwitsa chotchedwa polyuria) Poona izi, wodwalayo ali ndi kwambiri ludzu lalikulu. Kupukutira limodzi ndi mkodzo shuga, munthu amataya ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga chimakhalanso cholakalaka kwambiri chifukwa cha kumangokhala ndi njala.

Zochitika zina zosasangalatsa zimachitika monga zizindikiro za matenda a shuga: kutopa kwambiri, kugona kosalekezakupezeka kwa kuyabwa mu perineum. Miyendo imatha kugundana ndi wodwalayo, kupenyerera pang'onopang'ono kumachepa.

Matendawa amapita patsogolo, ndipo zizindikiro zotsatirazi za matenda ashuga zimawonekera. Wodwalayo akuti mabala ake amachira, pang'onopang'ono ntchito yofunikira ya thupi imalepheretsedwa.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za matenda ashuga zomwe aliyense ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kutayika kwa mphamvu, kumverera kwa ludzu pafupipafupi, ndikuchotsa mwachangu kwamadzi kuchokera mthupi ndi mkodzo.

Komabe, poyamba, zizindikiritso za matenda a shuga zimatha kuonekeratu, ndipo matendawa amatha kutsimikiziridwa pokhapokha ngati mayeso a labotale. Ngati matendawa sanachitike, ndipo shuga wokwezeka pang'ono wapezeka m'magazi ndipo kupezeka kwake mkodzo kumachitika, ndiye kuti munthu wapezeka boma la prediabetes. Amadziwika kuti ali ndi anthu ambiri, ndipo patatha zaka khumi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu amadwala matenda a shuga a 2. Insulin pankhaniyi siyikukwaniritsa ntchito ya cleavage chakudya. Zotsatira zake, glucose wocheperako, yemwe amakhala mphamvu, amalowa m'magazi.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani?

Dzina langa ndi GalinaNdili ndi zaka 63 ndipo ndili ndi matenda ashuga a 2.

Ndadwala kwa zaka 10, pazaka zomwe sindinachite chilichonse. Kuyesedwa kosatha, kupita kuchipatala, kumwa mapiritsi asanachoke mnyumbamo, nthawi zonse ndimayang'ana ngati ndimamwa mankhwalawo., Koma chifukwa cha nkhaniyi ndidatha kutsitsa shuga yanga yamagazi, zikomo!

Amadziwa za matendawa m'masiku akale, koma kungomva ludzu limodzi ndi kukodza pafupipafupi kumatengedwa ngati chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga, anthu panthawiyo samadziwa za kusintha kwa endocrine. Pambuyo pake, matendawa adafufuzidwa mobwerezabwereza, ngakhale sizinadziwikebe bwinobwino chifukwa chake zimachitika, ndipo palibe njira yochotsera matenda omwe alipo kale.

Chikhalidwe chazomwe zimachitika ndi matenda a shuga ndi kusinthika kwatsatana ndi kuphatikizira kwa shuga ndi shuga. Kusintha uku kungakhale kwamtheradi, ndiye kuti, insulin imasiya kuchotsedwa paliponse, kapena wachibale, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kapamba wotaya kutulutsa kwake kwa mahomoni, omwe amachititsa kuti shuga asinthe kukhala mphamvu - insulin.

Mukamakula, izi zimachitika:

1. Maselo a pancreatic amatha kusiya kutulutsa insulin yonse, kapena kapangidwe kake kamacheperachepera. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala kufa ndi njala kwamasisitimu onse amthupi, chifukwa glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu. Shuga onse omwe amabwera amakhala m'magazi osapitilira kutembenuka kwama metabolic.
2. Nthawi inanso, kupanga insulini sikumachepa, koma maselo omwe amayenera kutenga timadzi timene timayamwa ndi glucose amatsutsana ndi chinthucho - ndiye kuti amasiya "kuzindikira".
3. Mikhalidwe yodabwitsika imabuka: thupi, kumbali imodzi, limakhala ndi njala chifukwa chakuti shuga omwe amabwera sapangidwa kuti akhale michere, ndipo mbali inayi, zopezeka m'magazi zimachulukana, zomwe zimawononga mkhalidwe wa maselo.
4. Matenda a shuga amatanthauza matenda a endocrine dongosolo, momwe machitidwe onse amthupi la munthu amakhudzidwira. Kuchulukitsa kwake kumatengera zovuta za matendawa, njira zomwe amatenga ndi chithandizo.
5. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga zimatha kukhala zosadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri anthu amabwera kwa dokotala ndi zovuta, kuthamanga, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri kuzikonza.

Matenda a shuga ndi owopsa chifukwa cha zovuta zake, zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zonse, komanso kuopsa kwa chikomokere. Madokotala ambiri amati ichi sichiri matenda ochulukirapo monga njira yamoyo: sikutheka kuchiritsa kwathunthu, koma ngati mutsatira njira yolondola, imwani mankhwala kutengera mtundu, kuyang'anitsitsa momwe muliri ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amwazi, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wautali musanakumane zotsatira zake.

Madotolo amanenanso kuti pano padziko lapansi pali vuto lenileni la matenda ashuga. Ku digiri iliyonse kapena ina, imapezeka pafupifupi munthu aliyense wachitatu, kuphatikiza apo, ngati kale adapezeka kuti ali ndi ana kapena achikulire - kutengera mtundu, tsopano aliyense ali pachiwopsezo.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga zimatha kukhala zofatsa, makamaka zikafika pa mtundu wachiwiri kapena insulin. Mawonekedwe sawonekera pokhapokha atakhala gawo lowopsa.

Pankhani imeneyi, ndikofunikira kulabadira zizindikiro zoyambirira zamatenda:

1. Kumva pakamwa youma, komwe kumatha kukhala kofatsa, ndipo munthu amakuyambitsa kutentha kwa chilimwe ndi zina.
2. Khungu lowuma lomwe limayambitsa kusapeza pang'ono. Chizindikiro ichi chimatchulidwa kwambiri pamapazi, m'mbali, ndi zidendene. Khungu limamveka louma komanso louma chifukwa cha kuchepa thupi komanso kusowa kwa chakudya.
3. Kumva njala kumakulirakulira, munthu amatha kulemera. Izi ndichifukwa kuchepa kwa kuthekera kwa maselo kulandira zinthu zopindulitsa kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe chikubwera.
4. Kukodza kumachitika pafupipafupi, pomwe kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amatulutsidwa kumawonjezeka. Mwamuna amadzuka kuchimbudzi kawiri kapena katatu usiku.
5. Kutopa, kutopa msanga, kusafuna kugwira ntchito yanthawi zonse kumamveka - kumakhala kofanana ndi “kopambana”. "Matenda" otopa kwambiri nthawi zina amatha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga.

Kukula kwa zizindikiro kumatha kukhala kofatsa kwambiri. Makamaka - pakamwa youma ndi ludzu. Ngati nthawi yomweyo munthu wonenepa kwambiri, chizolowezi chodya zakudya zopanda thanzi, ndiye zomveka kupita kwa endocrinologist kuti akawone ngati thupi limatha kuyamwa shuga. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuphatikiza magazi kamodzi sikupereka chithunzi chathunthu, pofuna kudziwa kuti muli ndi nkhawa, kuyesedwa kwa nkhawa kwa kukana kwa glucose komanso njira zina kumachitika.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa kutengera pathogenis yomwe imachitika mthupi. Kudziwa mtunduwo ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa njira yothandizira mankhwalawo ndiyosiyana.

Kuphatikiza pa zazikulu ziwiri, pali mitundu ina, koma, monga lamulo, amalankhula izi:

Mtundu woyamba

Ili ndi matenda a ana ndi achinyamata, oyambitsidwa, malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, pamtundu wa majini.Nthawi zina mtundu woyamba ukhoza kuchitika pambuyo povulaza kwambiri kapamba kapenanso ngakhale khansa ya m'mimba, munthu akapulumutsidwa, koma ntchito za kapamba zimatayika popanda chiyembekezo. Mtundu woyamba ndi kuperewera kwa insulin m'thupi, motero imayendetsedwa mwakathithi.

Mtundu wachiwiri kapena kukana insulini

Mu mtundu wamatendawa, kapamba amapitiliza kupanga insulini, mopitilira apo, kuchuluka kwake kungakhale kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa mwa anthu athanzi. Komabe, maselo omwe amachititsa chidwi cha mahomoni, amasiya "kumvetsetsa". Metabolic syndrome ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachi 2 amakonzedwa popanda kuyambitsa mahomoni, mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ndi zakudya zina.

Zotsatira ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga

Matendawa ndi owopsa pakokha komanso zovuta zake. Mtundu woyamba umapereka chidziwitso choyipa kwambiri cha moyo kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe matenda opatsirana amtundu wachiwiri amatha "kumbuyo" osakhudza moyo wabwino.

Zotsatira ndi zovuta zimaphatikizapo zadzidzidzi:

1. Hypersmolar coma - imachitika motsutsana ndi maziko am'madzi, ngati simumamwa madzi okwanira, omwe akupitilizabe kuchotsedwa m'thupi.
2. Hypoglycemic coma - imapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, omwe ali ndi Mlingo wa insulin yolakwika.
3. Lactacidic chikomokere - chimachitika motsutsana maziko a kudzikundikira kwa lactic acid oyambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga ndipo, monga lamulo, kulephera kwa impso, komwe kumayambitsidwanso ndi matendawa.
4. Ketoacidosis ndiko kudzikundikira kwa matupi a ketone, zopangidwa ndi mafuta metabolism, m'magazi.

Izi ndi zadzidzidzi, zikuwopseza moyo wa wodwalayo. Hypa ya hypoglycemic ndiyowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa popanda kuperekera shuga mwachangu imatha kupha mphindi 30 mpaka 40.

Palinso zovuta zazitali za matenda ashuga:

1. Matenda a diabetesic neuropathy ndi encephalopathy ndikuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, yapakati komanso yopuma. Mawonekedwe ndiwakutali - kuyambira kupweteka kwa minofu mpaka kukhumudwa kukumbukira ndi kuchepa kwa luntha. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, zimapezeka mwa munthu aliyense wachisanu ndi chitatu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Mchitidwewo umayamba ndi mikono ndi miyendo, ndikupanga chizindikiro cha "magolovesi", mtsogolomo ululu umafalikira thupi lonse, ndikuphatikizanso dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati.
2. Matenda a shuga a retinopathy - kuchepa kwa masomphenya motsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa retina, mpaka kutsiriza khungu. Munthawi ya matendawa, kufooka kwa khungu la maso kumachitika. Komanso ndimatenda ofala kwambiri, ndipo chaka chilichonse matendawa amawonjezera 10% pachiwopsezo chotenga mavutowa.
3. Matenda ashuga nephropathy - kuwonongeka kwa impso mpaka kukula kwambiri mawonekedwe a aimpso kulephera kumbuyo kwa kufunika kwa chizolowezi kuchititsa madzimadzi, nthawi zambiri okhala ndi shuga.
4. Matenda a diabetes angiopathy ndikuphwanya kuvomerezeka kwa ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono komanso zazikulu chifukwa chakuti "zimatsekeka" ndi shuga osaphatikizika. Izi matenda amakhala chifukwa cha kukula kwambiri zosokonezeka, mpaka kulephera mtima, magazi.
5. Zowonongeka pamiyendo, "phazi la matenda ashuga" - mawonekedwe a purulent-necrotic njira m'munsi yotsika. Zimayamba ndi zilonda zazing'ono zomwe zimachiritsa kwambiri. Mtsogolomo, edema imayamba, njirayi imatha ndi chonyowa chokhala ndi vuto lodzicheka dzanja.

Zotsatira zoyipa zimadza pokhapokha ngati matenda awonongedwa. Amayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a kuphwanya zakudya mwadongosolo, kusankha kosayenera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, osasamala kwa wodwala mpaka muyeso wa shuga m'magazi. Ngakhale kuphwanya kamodzi kokha kwamalamulo azakudya kumatha kupangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke kwambiri, motero, sipangakhale "kukhululuka" ndi "tchuthi" matenda ashuga.

Matenda A shuga

Kwa odwala shugamtundu 1 shuga Chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga ndi jakisoni wa insulin, ndipo chakudyacho ndichofunikira kwambiri popereka mankhwala, pomwe odwala mtundu 2 shuga - Chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndicho chithandizo chachikulu. Popeza chifukwa cha chitukuko cha matenda ashuga, kugwira ntchito bwino kapamba, zomwe zimatsogolera pakuchepa kwake kwa insulin, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kuyamwa kwa shuga ndi thupi, zakudya zoyenera komanso zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri. Zakudya za shuga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti kagayidwe ka chakudya kagayidwe kake komanso kuti mafuta asagwere.

Kodi zakudya zake ziyenera kukhala chiyani:

• kudya pafupipafupi komanso pafupipafupi (makamaka Nthawi 4-5 patsiku, pafupi nthawi yomweyo), ndikofunikira kugawa chakudya chamagulu ochulukirapo,
• kudya zakudya kuyenera kukhala kolemera zazikulu ndi kufufuza zinthu (zinc, calcium, phosphorous, potaziyamu), komanso mavitamini (mavitamini a magulu B, A, P, ascorbic acid, retinol, riboflabin, thiamine),
• zakudya ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana
• shuga koyenera kusintha sorbitol, xylitol, fructose, aspartame kapena saccharinzomwe zimatha kuwonjezeredwa ku chakudya chophika ndi zakumwa,
• zitha kudyedwa kale 1,5 malita zamadzimadzi patsiku
• makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa chakudya chovuta kugaya (masamba, zipatso, mkate wopanda tirigu), zakudya zophatikiza ndi masamba (masamba osaphika, nyemba, nandolo, oats), ndikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta ambiri m'thupi (maqanda), mazira, impso,
• Zakudyazi ziyenera kuchitika mosamalitsa kuti zisayambitse nthendayo kapena kuchulukitsa matenda.

Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga sizimaletsa, ndipo nthawi zina amalimbikitsa kuti:

• chakuda kapena chapadera buledi wodwala (200-300 gr. Tsiku lililonse),
• supu zamasamba, msuzi wa kabichi, okroshka, beetroots,
• msuzi wokonza ndi msuzi wa nyama ukhoza kumudya nthawi 2 pa sabata,
• nyama yotsamira (ng'ombe, nyama yamwana wamchere, kalulu), nkhuku (nkhuku, nkhuku), nsomba (pike perch, cod, pike) (pafupifupi 100-150 gr. patsiku) mwanjira yophika, yophika kapena ya aspic
• chimanga (buwheat, oat, mapira) ndizothandiza, ndipo pasitala, nyemba zimatha kudyedwa tsiku lililonse,
• mbatata, kaloti ndi beets - zosaposa 200 gr. patsiku
• masamba ena - kabichi, kuphatikiza kolifulawa, nkhaka, sipinachi, tomato, biringanya, komanso masamba, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda zoletsa,
• mazira sangakhale oposa 2 zidutswa patsiku,
• 200-300 gr. patsiku la maapulo, malalanje, mandimu, ndizotheka mu mawonekedwe a timadziti ndi zamkati,
• zophatikiza mkaka (kefir, yogati) - magalasi 1-2 patsiku, tchizi, mkaka ndi kirimu wowawasa - ndi chilolezo cha dokotala,
• tchizi chamafuta ochepera amalimbikitsidwa kuti azidyedwa tsiku lililonse pa 150-200 g. patsiku lililonse,
• Kuyambira mafuta patsiku, mumatha kudya mpaka 40 g. Batala wopanda mafuta ndi masamba a masamba.

Kuyambira zakumwa amaloledwa kumwa wakuda, tiyi wobiriwira, khofi wofooka, timadziti, zipatso za acidic zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuwonjezera kwa xylitol kapena sorbitol, msuzi wa rosehip, kuchokera kumadzi amchere - narzan, essentuki.

Ndikofunikira kuti anthu odwala matenda ashuga achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo. zopatsa mphamvu mosavuta. Zogulitsa zotere zimaphatikizapo - shuga, uchi, kupanikizana, confectionery, maswiti, chokoleti. Kugwiritsa ntchito makeke, ma muffin, ochokera ku zipatso - nthochi, zoumba mphesa, mphesa ndizochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamafuta, choyambirira mafuta anyama, masamba ndi batala, nyama yamafuta, soseji, mayonesi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndibwino kupatula mbale yokazinga, zokometsera, zokometsera ndi fodya, zakudya zabwino, zamchere ndi zamasamba, kirimu, mowa ku zakudya. Mchere patsiku sungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuposa magalamu 12.

Mavuto a shuga

Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ndi chiwopsezo ku thanzi la munthu komanso moyo, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ngati matenda ashuga samathandizidwa, kapena akuchitika molakwika. Chifukwa cha zovuta zotere, zotsatira zakupha zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Ndichizolowezi kusiyanitsa pakati pamavuto amakono a shuga, omwe amakula mwachangu kwa wodwala, komanso zovuta zomwe zimachitika patapita zaka zingapo.

Zovuta za shuga zowopsa zimawonekera chikomokere: Panthawi imeneyi, wodwala amataya chikumbumtima, amasokoneza ntchito za ziwalo zingapo - chiwindi, impso, mtima, mantha. Zoyambitsa Coma - Kusintha Kwakukulu acidity magazi, kuphwanya kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi madzi mthupi, mawonetseredwe amwazi a lactic acid ambiri, kugwa kwamphamvu m'magazi a shuga.

Matenda a shuga atatha, ziwiya zazing'ono za impso ndi maso zimakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri. Ngati chombo chachikulu chakhudzidwa, ndiye kuti kumachitika sitiroko, myocardial infaration, miyendo yamiyendo. Mphamvu yamanjenje yamunthu imavutikanso.