Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a shuga a autoimmune shuga

Pali matenda ashuga woyamba ndi wachiwiri mitundu. Zaka zochepa zapitazo, mawu awa adawoneka ngati opweteka. Masiku ano, gulu lotereli liyenera kusinthidwa: asayansi apeza mtundu wina matenda ashuga zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri yonseyi.

Katswiri wathu ndi wofufuza wotsogolera ku Federal State Budgetary Institution Endocrinological Research Center, Doctor of Medical Science Tatyana Nikonova.

Kufotokozera ndi Zizindikiro

Matenda a latent LADA ndi shuga yamatenda a autoimmune achikulire a mtundu woyamba, omwe amapatsidwa mawonekedwe a mtundu wachiwiri. Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa, chifukwa sizimangokhala ndi zizindikiro za matendawo zokha, ndipo anthu nthawi zina samazindikira kuti akudwala kwambiri.

Ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo kumakwera. Pokhala ndi malo obisika, ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa insulin siyipangidwe konse, ndipo maselo a beta adatha. Chifukwa chake, munthu wodwala matenda am'mbuyomu amafunika jakisoni wa insulin, komanso odwala matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a m'matumbo zimaphatikizapo izi:

• kutopa,
• chizungulire
• kuchuluka kwa magazi
• kuwonda mwadzidzidzi
• ludzu losalekeza ndi kuyamwa pafupipafupi,
• mawonekedwe a zolembedwa pamalilime, mpweya wa acetone.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri LADA sitha limodzi ndi zizindikiro zowonetsa. Palibe kusiyana kwapadera pakati pa abambo ndi amai pakatikati pa matendawa. Koma, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti, matenda ashuga omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa amayi apakati kapena kanthawi atabereka. Amayi amadwala pafupipafupi kuposa abambo, ndipo makamaka izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kubereka.

Komabe pali zizindikiro zina. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• kuwonda popanda zifukwa zomveka, kapena, kunenepa kwambiri,
• Khungu lowuma komanso loyera
• wanjala nthawi zonse
• kusowa blush
• kumverera kozizira.

Choyambitsa matenda ambiri a shuga ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, chifukwa chake kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, mavuto a kapamba. Kudziwiratu kwamtundu wina kumatha kupangitsanso kupezeka kwa zovuta izi. Kusamalidwa makamaka kuyenera kutengedwa panthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, choncho mayi woyembekezera ayenera kulembetsedwa posachedwa.

Mawonekedwe Ozindikira

Kuti musiyanitse mtundu wamakono wopanga matenda ashuga ndi magawo ena a matendawa, njira zotsatirazi zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga a Lada zimaganiziridwa: zimadutsa popanda kunenepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mahomoni, kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies a ICA ndi IAA m'magazi kumawonetsa kulephera kwa autoimmune. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a prediabetes, kusintha kulikonse sikamachitika. Ngati wodwalayo waona kuuma ndi khungu, kuwonda, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist.

Pamaulendo oyamba, adotolo amafotokozera kuwunika kwa shuga m'magazi, koma m'malo ena a thupi, chizindikirocho chikhoza kukhala chosalondola. Sizolondola kwenikweni kudziwa kukula kwa matendawa ndi glucometer ndikudziyesa pawokha. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha. Chizolowezi chimatengedwa ngati chizindikiro mpaka 6.1, pamwamba pa izi - matendawa amayamba. Ngati mukukayika, kuwunikiranso kwachiwiri kumayikidwa, kapena wodwalayo amawunika kuti athe kulolera shuga.

Njira iyi ndi yolondola kwambiri pakuzindikira. Imachitika m'magawo atatu. Patsiku loyamba, magazi amaperekedwa kuchokera kuchala, kenako wodwalayo amamwa 75 g shuga. Kupuma kwa ola limodzi kumatengedwa, magazi amatengedwanso. Phunziroli limapitilizanso pambuyo pa ola limodzi. Zotsatira zake zimayerekezeredwa ndipo mawu amayankhidwa pokhudza momwe thupi limayankhira shuga obwera. Kuti adziwe matendawa, wodwalayo amapatsidwa prenisone-glucose katundu, zomwe zimakhudza njira izi:

1. Kwa masiku atatu, wodwalayo amadya chakudya chokhala ndi mafuta osachepera 300 g.
2. Menyuyi iyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni komanso mafuta ofunika ndi munthu wathanzi.
3. Maola 2 asanadutse shuga, prednisolone imayendetsedwa.
4. Magazi amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu pambuyo pa maola awiri. Ngati chiwonjezerochi chikuwonjezeka, kupezeka kwa matenda am'mbuyomu kumatsimikiziridwa.

Kafukufuku wofufuza amatha kuthandizidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Staub-Traugott. Zimakhala kuti wodwalayo amamwa 50 g shuga, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika, pakapita kanthawi wodwalayo amapatsidwa mlingo wina wa mankhwalawo. Mwa anthu athanzi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachitika pokhapokha mlingo woyamba, ndipo mwa odwala matenda ashuga, shuga amapezeka pambuyo pa onse.

Zochizira Zosiyanasiyana Za Matenda A shuga

Matenda abwinobwino amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo amakhala osawoneka kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuchita chidwi ndi zisonyezo zake zoyambirira kumatha kuyambitsa matendawa komanso zovuta zina. Njira ya chithandizo ikuphatikiza:

• zolimbitsa thupi
• kudya okhwima
• kuwonda
• kumwa mankhwala ndi zitsamba kukonzekera.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingaliro atatu oyambilira ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa popanda iwo, mankhwalawa amatha kupitilira kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo sizingachitike kuti achire. Zokhudza zolimbitsa thupi, ziyenera kukhala zotheka ndikugawidwa tsiku lililonse la sabata. Ndikofunika kwambiri kusambira, kukwera njinga ndikungoyenda. Pafupifupi mphindi 30 patsiku zidzakhala zokwanira. Pogwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi, shuga amawotchera kawiri kuposa momwe amangokhala.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga abwinoko sichikhala bwino ngati malamulo azakudya satsatiridwa. Muyenera kudya pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri (kangapo ka 5-6 patsiku), muchepetse gawo la mkate pakudya chamadzulo, kukana mchere, mafuta, zotsekemera, zokazinga ndi zonunkhira, kuchokera ku marinade onse ndi zinthu zotsiriza.

Onetsetsani kuti mwakhala ndi masamba osapsa ndi zipatso, mtedza, nyemba, tchizi chamafuta ochepa ndi kefir m'zakudya. Ndikofunika kuti muzidya nsomba zambiri komanso nsomba zam'nyanja, udzu winawake ndi chiwindi. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kumwa madzi oyenera.

Simuyenera kukana tiyi, khofi ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa konse, koma kuchitira chipongwe kumatha kuyipitsira thanzi. Pancreas kuti ayambenso kupanga insulin yachilendo, milingo yaying'ono ya odwala onse imayikidwa jakisoni wa insulin. Njira yakuchiritsira iyenera kukhala yokwanira. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga Acarbose kapena Metformin atha kuyimitsa matendawakoma muyenera kuzitenga tsiku lililonse kwa miyezi ingapo kapena zaka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala azitsamba kungathe kukonza mankhwalawa: awa ndi masamba a mabulosi, mizu ya dandelion, masamba a nyemba, mbewu za fulakesi. Ngati mtundu wodwala wa shuga wapezeka munthawi yake ndipo chithandizo choyenera chikuyambika, ndiye kuti matendawa amachiritsidwa.

Ndemanga za wodwala za Diabenot

Mayi anga ali ndi matenda a shuga monga Lada, nthawi zina shuga amafika 10, koma osapitirira 7. Adapitilira matenda a shuga Lada. Ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana ndi zakudya zomwe zimatsatiridwa. Insulin sichinasamutsidwebe. Tinaona nkhani pa Diabenot pa intaneti. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe tinathamangira yabodza: ​​m'malo mwa makapisozi enieni, anali udzu wothinidwa.

Kenako adatsegula tsamba lawebusayiti. Amayi anamwa maphunzirowa chonse, palibe zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zidapezeka. Mapiritsi pamimba yachilengedwe, otetezeka wathanzi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mankhwalawa ndi othandizira komanso othandiza kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchiza matenda ashuga komanso osavulaza thanzi lawo.

Ndingonena zabwino za Diabenot. Ndinayamba kumwa mapiritsiwa nditazindikira kuti matenda a shuga a Lada. Ndinafika kuchipatala pa chifukwa chosiyananso, ndipo nditapereka magazi kuti andipimikize, ndinazindikira kuti ndili ndi shuga 6.7.

Endocrinologist adanena kuti sizinali zakufa, adayambitsa makapu a zakudya ndi a Diabenot. Ndine wokondwa kuti sindinachedwe kulandira mankhwalawo. Ndinalamula mankhwala ndi makalata, ndimamwa mwezi umodzi. Apa, ambiri ndi osakondwa, koma zidandithandizira ndekha. Mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka kwathunthu, amachepetsa shuga bwino, pafupifupi popanda umagwirira. Ndikupangira.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga unapezeka mwa ine zaka 2 zapitazo. Ndinkawonetsetsa madongosolo ndi zakudya zonse, ndimamwa mapiritsi ndimanja. Anaponya maswiti, ngakhale anali asanathe maswiti. Koma nthawi yafika, ndipo ndangotopa ndi kuchuluka kwa umagwirira uku. Ndinagula Mdyerekezi m'malo mwake. Ndinkamwa maphunziro a mwezi umodzi ndipo ndikumva bwino.

Ndimayang'ana shuga ndi glucometer. Inali 8, tsopano 6. Ndikufuna kuchita maphunziro ena. Sindinganene kuti ndinakhala wathanzi nthawi yomweyo, koma nditha kutsimikizira chinthu chimodzi: Ndimamva bwino. Shuga kwa miyezi itatu sanakwere pamwamba 5, sindimva njala, monga kale, ndimapita kuchimbudzi nthawi zambiri.

Kodi matenda ashuga a autoimmune ndi chiyani?

Kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo za Autoimmune ndi njira yopangira ma antibodies kuti akhale ndi maselo. Thupi limawona ziwalo zawo zopangira (ziwalo zamkati, zamkati) monga mapuloteni akunja achilendo. Zotsatira zake, ma antigen + antibody immune complex amapangidwa. Kukhalapo kwawo mu kapamba kumayendetsedwa ndi njira yotupa (insulin) ndikuwonongeka kwa minofu.

Makina oterewa mu 1974 adafotokozedwa ndikupanga mtundu wa 1 wodwala matenda a insulin. Zimakhudza kwambiri ana ndi achinyamata, koma gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a matendawa limachitika patatha zaka 35. Mu 1993, zidapezeka kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga achichepere komanso apakati atha kukhala achi autoimmune.

Amatchedwa latent, ndiye kuti, waulesi, popeza zosintha zonse zomwe zikupangika mu kapambazi zisanaphunzire.

Mawu akuti latent autoimmune akuluakulu a shuga (LADA) asungidwa, koma kuwonongeka kosalekeza kwa kapamba kwatsimikiziridwa, zomwe zikuyambitsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala a insulin. Pazaka 25 mpaka 30, matenda amtunduwu amapanga kotala la matenda onse a shuga omwe amapezeka, ndiye kuchuluka kwake kumachepa pang'ono.

Ndipo izi ndizambiri pazokayikira za matenda ashuga.

Zowopsa

Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ogwirika panthawi yake isanayambike amakhala ndi zaka 30 mpaka 50. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zowonongeka za autoimmune ziwalo zina:

• England chithokomiro - Hashimoto's chithokomiro, matenda a Graves-Bazedov (chakumwa choopsa),
• gren adrenal - matenda a Addison (kuperewera kwa mahomoni),
• khungu - vitiligo (chowala mawanga),
• maselo am'mimba a m'mimba - kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, B12
• matumbo - matenda a celiac (matumbo a gluten tsankho).

Chizolowezi chopanga ma antibodies tiziwalo tawo, zotupa za autoimmune zamitundu yosiyanasiyana pakati pa abale a magazi a odwala matenda a shuga LADA adapezeka.

Kusiyana pakati pa autoimmune mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 shuga

Matenda a shuga obwera chifukwa cha insulin komanso insulin amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a islet mbali ya kapamba. Mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda, ma antibodies amitundu 4 amapezeka m'magazi - kwa cytoplasm ya maselo, insulin ndi ma enzymes awiri (glutamate decarboxylase ndi tyrosine phosphatase). Ndi LADA, ndi mtundu umodzi wokha kapena 2 womwe umapezeka.

Ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, matenda ashuga amakumana:

• autoimmune chitukuko,
• kuchepa kwa mapangidwe a insulin ndi C-peptide, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka mtsogolo.
• kufunikira kwa kayendetsedwe ka mahomoni ndi chiwonongeko chachikulu cha kapamba,
• Nthawi zambiri matendawa amakhala ochepa kapena abwinobwino thupi kumayambiriro kwa matenda (osati nthawi zonse).

Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, LADA ndi yofanana mu:

• Kukula kwakanthawi kwamatenda,
• minofu kukana insulin (insulin kukana),
• kugwiritsa ntchito koyambirira kwa zakudya ndi mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga.

Popeza LADA ili ndi zizindikiro zonse ziwiri zamtundu 1 ndi 2 za matendawa, pomwe sizifotokozeredwe zonse, inali yongopeka matenda a shuga.

Zizindikiro za matenda amisala mwa akulu

Nthawi zambiri, kuyambika kwa matendawa ndi kofanana ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Odwala amawonekera:

• kamwa yowuma, ludzu,
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• chilala chowonjezereka,
• kuwonda
• kufooka wamba, kuchepa kwa ntchito,
• kuyabwa kwa khungu ndi perineum,
• chizolowezi chowonjezereka pang'ono cha kuthamanga kwa magazi,
• kusowa tulo
• kugwedezeka, dzanzi, kupindika kolimba kwa minofu yam'munsi,
• chimfine pafupipafupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kunenepa kwambiri, koma kupezeka kwake sikukukhudzira kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga omwe amakhala nawo. Popereka mankhwala ndi zakudya zamafuta ochepa, shuga wamagazi amakhalanso bwino, ndipo mkhalidwe wa odwala umakhala wabwino. Nthawi yabwinoyi imatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu.

Pancreas ikayamba kugwa, mapiritsiwo amasiya kugwira ntchito, odwala amachepetsa thupi. Pambuyo pa matenda kapena kupsinjika, kuwonongeka kumatha kuchitika - dziko la ketoacidotic. Amawonetsedwa ndi nseru, kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, chikumbumtima chosaneneka, kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Izi zimabweretsa kufunikira kwa insulin yodzidzimutsa ndikusamutsa wodwala jakisoni wambiri wa mahomoni.

Chiwopsezo cha zovuta zam'mimba zopezeka ndi matenda osokoneza bongo (kuwonongeka kwa impso, retina ndi malekezero ena) ndizokwanira kuposa mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Pambuyo pazaka 10 zodwala, kupindika kwawo kumakhala kofanana.

Kuzindikira matendawa

Kuti mupeze matenda a shuga a LADA, mayeso otsatirawa adalembedwa:

• kusala shuga komanso pambuyo 2 maola shuga,
• glycated hemoglobin,
• insulin ndi C-peptide, makamaka yoyeserera,
• matupi a ketone m'mwazi ndi mkodzo,
• antibodies to pancreatic glutamate decarboxylase ndi cytoplasm yama cell a islet.

Kafukufuku womaliza amapangitsa kuti athe kupeza matenda - pamlingo wabwinobwino, wodwalayo ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, ndipo ali ndi msinkhu wokwezeka - latent autoimmune. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa matenda kumawerengeredwa ndi titer (zomwe zili) zama antibodies.

Akuti, kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies m'magazi, kugawa odwala m'magulu awiri:

Chapamwamba chachikulu

(pafupi ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga)

Popeza kuphunzira ma antibodies sikuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wovomerezeka wofufuza matenda a shuga, ndipo nthawi zambiri palibe mwayi wotsimikiza, odwala amapezeka molakwika ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndipo kuyang'anira insulin kumachedwetsedwa.

Chithandizo cha Matenda a shuga a Autoimmune

Popeza matendawa sawaganiziridwa bwino, malingaliro othandizira amachokera paziphunzitso zoyambirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mtundu wa 1 komanso matenda a 2.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• kuphatikiza mafuta osavuta m'zakudya (shuga ndi ufa),
• kuletsa nyama yamafuta, mafuta okhala ndi mafuta m'thupi (mankhwala omalizidwa, chofufumitsa, tchizi ndi zonona zomwe zili ndi mafuta ambiri),
• zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse (okwana mphindi 150 pa sabata),
• ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi - kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya caloric.

Nthawi zambiri, Metformin kapena Glucobai ndiyomwe imayikidwa. Ngati sizotheka kulipira shuga wowonjezera ndi mapiritsi ndi zakudya, insulin iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira.

Njira yoyenera kwambiri ndi kuyendetsa bwino mahomoni. Mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali amathandizidwa m'mawa komanso madzulo, ndipo mphindi 30 asanadye, odwala amapatsa insulin yochepa.

Njira zatsopano zikapangidwanso, koma zimaphunziridwabe:

• kugwiritsa ntchito ma immunomodulators,
• kukula kwa chopinga cha hormone chotchedwa somatostatin (Octreotide),
• subcutaneous makonzedwe ang'onoang'ono a antigen omwe ma antibodies amapezeka m'magazi,
• kupanga C peptide jakisoni
• kuphatikiza kwa insulin, Viktoz ndi Forsig.

Zinapezeka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin yawo, makamaka glibenclamide (Maninil), kumabweretsa kufooka kwa kapamba. Zikatero, matenda a shuga amapita patsogolo, amafunika Mlingo wambiri ndi insulin.

Ndipo pali zambiri zokhudza matenda a shuga kwa ana.

Njira yopangira autoimmune yakhazikitsidwa kwa matenda amtundu woyamba. Kupanga kwa ma antibodies motsutsana ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka kapamba kumapangitsanso matenda ashuga okalamba ku LADA wamkulu. Poyamba amakhala ndi matenda amtundu 2. Mafuta ochulukirapo amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi mapiritsi ndi zakudya.

Monga kuwonongeka kwa maselo kumafuna kusintha kwa insulin. Kungoyesera magazi kwa ma antibodies ena ndiomwe kungathandize kuzindikira matendawa ndikuwapatsa mankhwala.

Kanema wothandiza

Onerani kanemayo pazomwe shuga ya autoimmune ili:

Kukayikira kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zodandaula - ludzu, kutulutsa mkodzo kwambiri. Kukayikiridwa kwa shuga kwa mwana kumachitika pokhapokha ndikomoka. Kuyeserera pafupipafupi komanso kuyezetsa magazi kumakuthandizani kusankha zoyenera kuchita. Koma mulimonsemo, chakudya chimafunika.

Kuti mumvetsetse mitundu ya shuga yomwe ilipo, kudziwa kusiyana kwawo kungakhale molingana ndi zomwe munthu amatenga - amadalira insulin kapena pamapiritsi. Ndi mtundu uti wowopsa kwambiri?

Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba akhazikitsidwa, chithandizo chizikhala ndi kuperekera insulin yayitali. Komabe, lero pali njira yatsopano pakuthandizira matenda a shuga - mapampu otukuka, zigamba, zopopera ndi zina.

Ngati wodwala ali ndi cholecystitis ndi matenda a shuga nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti ayenera kuyambiranso kudya, ngati matenda oyambawo atakula. Zomwe zimachitika zimagona mu insulin yowonjezera, uchidakwa komanso ena. Ngati pachimake kuwerengetsa kwambiri cholecystitis kwayamba ndi matenda a shuga, kungafunike opaleshoni.

Nthawi zambiri kubadwa kwa ana kuchokera kwa makolo omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kumabweretsa kuti akudwala matenda. Zomwe zimatha kukhala mu matenda a autoimmune, kunenepa kwambiri. Mitundu imagawidwa pawiri - yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zili mu achinyamata ndi achinyamata kuti muzindikire ndikuthandizira panthawi. Pali kuletsa kubadwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Osati awiri, koma theka?

Maselo a beta a kapamba amawonongeka, momwe amapangidwira. Zotsatira zake, mahomoniwo samapangidwa kapena amapangidwa moperewera. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka shuga m'magazi ndi zovuta zotsatira. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zakuwonongeka ndikupanga autoantibodies, zigawo za chitetezo chamthupi zomwe zimatsutsana ndi maselo a pancreatic.

Mukakhala ndi insulin yanu yanu, imapitirira kwa nthawi yayitali, koma nthawi yomweyo, chidwi cha minyewa ku hormone iyi chimachepa. Matenda a 1 a mtundu wa shuga nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa achinyamata, achinyamata. Matenda a 2 a shuga amawonekera patatha zaka 40-50.

Komabe, matendawa amatha kukhazikika molingana ndi zomwe zinachitika. Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, asayansi adapeza zooneka ngati zosagwirizana mwa odwala ena. Amakhala ndi ma autoantibodies m'matupi awo, monga mtundu I shuga.

Nthawi yomweyo, adakhazikitsa zawo insulin ndipo kumva kwa minyewa kwa izo kunachepetsedwa, monga mtundu wachiwiri. Izi zodziwika bwino za matenda ashuga nthawi ina amatchedwa "mtundu wa 1.5 matenda a shuga" komanso "matenda a shuga" kawiri. Koma pambuyo pake adalandira dzinalo "wamkulu matenda a autoentmune shuga ».

CHIWALO CHOKHA

Malinga ndi World Health Organisation, chiwerengero chonse cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga lero ndi oposa 366 miliyoni. Pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, mawonekedwe a wodwalayo asintha. Ndipo zidapezeka kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo amadwala m'zaka za 50s. Ndipo patatha theka la zaka - iwo omwe anali ocheperako amadwala.

Ndipo pali zofotokozera za izi. Wobadwidwa m'ma 1950, matenda ashuga anali ovuta kwambiri kuwalola; kunalibe chithandizo chambiri monga lero. Ambiri sanayerekeze kapena sakanakhala ndi ana. Chifukwa chake, panali ana ochepa omwe anali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo. Koma chinthu chinanso champhamvu chawonekera - kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kukukhala ngati mliri. Kudya kwambiri, kudya mopatsa thanzi komanso kukhala phee - ndipo chotsatira chake, munthu yemwe samayenera kudwala matendawa amadwala.

Ngati chithandizo chamankhwala am'mimba chimaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a autoimmune, izi zimapweteketsa thupi. Kupanga insulin yanu kumayamba kutha msanga, ndipo mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amasiya kugwira ntchito. Komanso, chachilendo ndikuti zizindikiro za matendawa zimachotsedwa.

Njira yowonongera maselo a pancreatic ndiyosachedwa, ndipo poyamba zikuwoneka kuti mankhwalawa ndi oyenera kwa munthu. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amapita kwa dokotala kale ndi vuto lakuthwa la insulin.

M'masiku amakono, pali mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga, ndipo pali 2. Umodzi umalandiridwa (ngati ndinganene) ndi jekeseni wa insulin, enawo ndi mapiritsi omwe amachepetsa shuga.

Anthu sanadzibebe kuti pali LADA iliyonse kapena MODZI wosadziwika. Ndipo, zilipo zenizeni. Nkhaniyi yakonzedwa kuti ikuthandizireni kudziwa zambiri za matenda a shuga a LADA.

Matenda a shuga a Lada: zambiri

Ndikothekanso kuzindikira chodabwitsa cha thupi la munthu wokhala ndi dzina loti "galimoto" mwachidule kwambiri komanso mophweka - ndi gawo lapakatikati la mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 shuga. Amayitanidwanso chifukwa ichi "chimodzi ndi theka", kapena "1.5".

Kukula kwa mawuwa kumagwera mchaka cha 93 cha zaka zapitazi. Inali nthawi imeneyi pamene lingaliro latsopano lidawoneka ngati mankhwala - latent autoimmune shuga mwa akulu (LADA) - matenda a shuga a autoentmune akuluakulu.

Chilichonse chimachitika motere: Maselo a B amafa, koma osathamanga kwambiri ngati nthawi, koma pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, omwe ali odziwika kwambiri a mtundu 2. Motere, kupanga kwa insulini ya mahomoni pakapita nthawi kumakulirakulirakulira, pamapeto pake kuima palokha.

Momwe mungazindikirire

Matenda a shuga a Lada ndiwopanda, ndiye kuti, obisika. Kuyamba kukula, zimapatsanso mwayi munthu kuti achiritse, kapena kuti "achedwe".

Kuzindikira matendawa ndikosavuta. Choyamba ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kachiwiri, ndi kulemera kwabwinobwino kwa zizindikiro zonse za matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira shuga. Ndiye kuti, ngati dokotala azindikira kuti wodwala wake ali ndi zonse zomwe akuwonetsa, koma ndi woonda, dokotalayo atha kudziwonetsa kale - LADA.

Kuti mutsimikizire, kuyesedwa kowonjezereka kwa magazi kwa wodwalayo kumachitika mu labotore ndipo kuyezetsa kwapadera zingapo kumachitika.

Chifukwa china chokayikira mtundu wa matenda amtunduwu ndi:

• M'badwo womwe matendawa adadziwonetsa - woposa zaka 35,
• Popita nthawi, matendawa amayenda mwa mtundu wodalira insulin.

Dokotala atha kunena kuti iyi ndi LADA ngati pali mbiri yamatenda monga systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, nyamakazi, autoimmune gastritis, bullous dermatosis ndi matenda ena a autoimmune.

Endocrinologist ayenera kufotokoza ngati wodwalayo ali ndi abale am'banja omwe ali ndi matenda a autoimmune. Yankho labwino la funsoli limawonjezera mwayi kuti matendawa ndi amtundu wa 1.5 shuga.

Zizindikiro za shuga ya Lada: imapezeka bwanji?

Kuthekera kwakukulu kopezeka ndi matendawa kumaonekera mwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda. Pa avareji, 25% ya atsikana onse otere amakhala ndi matenda omwe amapita ku 1.5. Izi zimachitika nthawi yomweyo mwana akangobadwa kumene kapena patapita nthawi.

Zimadziwikanso kuti matenda a shuga a LADA amapezeka mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 35 ndi 65, koma nsapatoyo imagwera pa nthawi ya zaka 45-55.

Kuti mumvetse bwino za matendawa, mayeso a labotale amachitidwa kuti adziwe:

• Mitundu ya C-peptide ndi chinthu chachiwiri cha insulin biosynthesis.
• Mitundu ya Anti-GAD ndi ma antibodies kupita ku enzyme yomwe ikuphatikizidwa pakupanga GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).
• Mlingo wa ICA - ma antibodies kupita ku maselo a kapamba.

Kodi matenda a shuga a Lada amathandizidwa bwanji?

Popeza matendawa amatha kutchedwa kuti ulesi, chithandizo chiyenera kuyambitsidwa mwachangu pofuna kuteteza kutulutsa insulin kwathunthu ndi kapamba.

Pofuna kupewa kuchitika kwa kapamba ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, jakisoni wa insulin angakuthandizeni. Atazindikira kuti amvetsetsa matendawa, amaperekedwa kwa odwala onse, koma muyezo waukulu. Mu tsiku lonse, munthu amayenera kuwunika shuga wamagazi ndikuwonetsa.

Ndikofunikira kutsatira. Palibe chifukwa muyenera kudya shuga ndi zinthu zomwe muli nazo. Zakudya zoyenera zimatha kugwira ntchito yayikulu pano, chifukwa chifukwa cha izi, posachedwa matenda atha kutha.

Kukhala wakhama pantchito kumathandizira odwala kulimbitsa chitetezo chathupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuyenda mlengalenga kumakhudza machitidwe onse a thupi la munthu, chifukwa chake sitinganyalanyaze.

Matenda a shuga a Lada adzadutsa ngati maloto oyipa, ngati mutsatira malangizo onse ndi upangiri wa adotolo-endocrinologist. Zakudya zapadera zimaloleza kuti insulini iperekedwe pazambiri, ndipo mankhwalawa adzapanganso kuyesa kusunga maselo a beta, makamaka, magwiridwe antchito awo. Kuchiza kuyenera kukhala kokwanira komanso kukonzekera - iyi ndi njira yokhayo yolimbana ndi matenda amishuga a 1.5.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga - yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Zaka zingapo zapitazo zimawonedwa ngati chidole. Masiku ano, madokotala amayenera kukonzanso mtundu wachikale, chifukwa asayansi atulukanso mtundu wina wamatendawa.

LADA ndi nthenda yaposachedwa ya shuga ya autoimmune mwa akulu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu 2.

Matenda a shuga a LADA omwe atangopezeka kumene amayamba kumakula zaka zapakati pa makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, makumi atatu mphambu zisanu.

Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi ndi matenda amtunduwu ukuwonjezeka pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Zizindikiro ndizofanana ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, chifukwa chake ma endocrinologists nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa atazindikira kuti ali ndi vuto. M'malo mwake, LADA ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, womwe umakula mopepuka.

Matendawa amafunikira chithandizo chapadera, chifukwa ngati amathandizidwa molingana ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amasamutsidwa kupita ku insulin pambuyo pa zaka 3-4.

Ndi njira yosaphunzira, imakhwima msanga pamene wodwala akufunika kupaka jekeseni wamkulu wa insulin. Magazi a shuga m'magazi amasintha kwambiri. Kukhala bwino kwamunthuyo kuli kovuta kwambiri, mavuto amakula msanga. Odwala amalumala ndikufa ngati chithandizo choyenera sichikuchitika.

M'mayiko ambiri olankhula Chirasha, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 2 ndipo amathandizidwa molingana ndi dongosolo linalake. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 12% a iwo amadwala matenda a shuga a Lado. Ngati matenda amtunduwu sagwiridwa bwino, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zoipa.

Choyambitsa matendawa ndikuwukira kwa chitetezo chamthupi cha ma cell a beta a kapamba.

Zizindikiro

Momwe mungasiyanitsire matenda a shuga a LADA ku mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda? Ambiri a endocrinologists safunsanso funso ngati ili.

Ngati wodwala ali woonda, koma adapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 2, ndiye kuti angathe kukhala ndi mitundu ya LADA.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mapiritsi omwe shuga ochepa amachepetsa: glinides ndi sulfonylureas. Zimavulaza munthu yemwe akudwala matenda ashuga a autoimmune.

Chitetezo cha mthupi cha anthu awa chimenya kapamba, ndipo mapiritsi owopsa amasokoneza homeostasis yonse. Maselo a Beta amatsitsidwa msanga ndipo munthuyo amayamba kumuwonjezera mankhwala a insulin pambuyo pazaka 3-4.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa LADA ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga:

Matenda a shuga a LADA ali ndi chizindikiro chachikulu monga kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa kunenepa kwambiri. Pofuna kudziwa bwino, wodwalayo amatumizidwa kukapereka magazi, pa C-peptide.

Anthu onenepa kwambiri komanso shuga wambiri amatha kukhalanso ndi matenda a shuga a Lado. Kuti adziwe, ayenera kuyesedwa kwa C-peptide ndi ma antibodies a cell a beta.

Njira zochizira

Cholinga chachikulu chothandizira matenda a shuga a LADA ndikusunga kupangika kwa insulin ndi kapamba. Cholinga ichi chikakwaniritsidwa, wodwala amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi ukalamba popanda mavuto a mtima.

Akuluakulu omalizira akapezeka, muyenera kuyamba kutenga jakisoni wa insulin m'miyeso yaying'ono. Kupanda kutero, muyenera kuzivula kwambiri ndikuvutika ndi zovuta.

Jakisoni wa insulin amateteza kapamba kuti asawonongedwe ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a LADA ndi awa:

• Pitani pa zakudya zamafuta ochepa.
• Yambitsani maphunzirowa.
• Nthawi zonse yang'anani kuchuluka kwa shuga tsiku lonse.
• Osagwiritsa ntchito sulfonylureas ndi dongo.
• Pokhapokha kulemera kwambiri, musatenge Siofor ndi Glucofage.
• Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi thupi labwino, ndiye kuti ayenera kuchita maphunziro olimbitsa thupi kuti athetse thanzi. Onani kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zalembedwazo.

Muli ndi shuga 4.5 ± 0,5 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso mukatha kudya. Siyenera kugwera pansi pa 3.5-3.8 mmol / l, ngakhale pakati pausiku.

Ngati munthu amathandizira chakudya chama carb ochepa, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi kochepa.

Wodwala akangotsatira regimen ndikulandila jakisoni wa insulin m'njira yoyenera, ntchito ya ma cell a pancreatic beta ikupitirirabe.

Mtundu wodziwika bwino wa matenda ashuga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya LADA, yomwe ndi mtundu wa shuga wa autoimmune mu akulu. Pathology imapangidwa zaka zapakati pa 35 ndi 65, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 45 ndi 55. Chithunzi chachipatala cha matenda a shuga a LADA chimafanana ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa insulin, chifukwa chake nthawi zina endocrinologists amadziwitsa molakwika. Popeza izi, muyenera kudziwa chilichonse chokhudza zomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikilo ndi zina za momwe zinthu zilili.

Kodi matenda a shuga a LADA ndi ati?

Akatswiri ena amatcha matenda a shuga a LADA ngati njira yomwe ikupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono ya endocrine pathology. Dzinalo lina ndi 1.5, ndiko kuti, mawonekedwe apakatikati pakati pa matenda amtundu 1 ndi matenda a 2. Lingaliro loperekedwa ndilosavuta kulongosola, chifukwa "kufa" kwathunthu kwazinthu zobisika pambuyo pa zaka 35 ndi njira yofulumira. Pankhani imeneyi, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimafanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa insulin wopanda matenda.

Kuti mumvetsetse kuti shuga ya LADA ndiyotani, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mawonekedwe amtundu wa autoimmune amakhumudwitsa kufa kwa maselo a pancreatic beta. Pachifukwa ichi, kupanga kwake kwa mahomoni ake posachedwa kumalizidwa. Pomwe insulin ndi njira yokhayo yothetsera matenda akulu. Chisamaliro chimayenerera mitundu ya LADA, zifukwa zomwe amapangira.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Matenda a shuga a LADA amapangidwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune chifukwa cha kapamba. Pozindikira mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, dziwani kuti:

• pali kuphwanya kwa mchere wa michere m'thupi,
• Kusagwirizana kwa mafuta kagayidwe kamadziwika, hyperlipidemia. Nthawi zina, njira zotsutsana zimachitika - dyslipidemia,
• kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies ndi secretion yotsika ya C-peptide ndizowonjezera zomwe zikukhudza kuthamanga kwa chitukuko cha matenda.

Chifukwa chake, autoimmune shuga mellitus imayamba mothandizidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya zochitika zathupi. Kuti mankhwalawa akhale othandiza kwambiri mtsogolomo, muyenera kudziwa zonse zokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za matenda.

Zizindikiro za shuga ya autoimmune yaposachedwa

Ma Endocrinologists amawona mtundu womwe umaphatikizapo njira zisanu ndipo amakulolani kudziwa matenda ashuga. Mawonetseredwe oyamba ayenera kuwonedwa kuti ali ndi zaka 50. Ndikofunikanso kulabadira kuyambika kwa matendawa, monga kuchuluka kwamkodzo (oposa malita awiri patsiku), ludzu, kuchepa thupi.Zizindikiro zake zimatha kufooka komanso kuchepa mphamvu.

Pangozi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lolemera lomwe limachepera pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa matenda omwe kale anali autoimmune: nyamakazi, autoimmune gastritis, matenda a Crohn ndi zina zambiri ndizofunikira. Kupezeka kwa autoimmune pathologies mwa abale apamtima ndikofunikira kwambiri (awa akhoza kukhala makolo, agogo, komanso abale ndi alongo).

Poyerekeza ndi maziko azinthu zodziwikiratu, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonekera: ludzu ndi chidwi cha chakudya, zovuta za matenda ena kapena ngakhale chimfine.

Nthawi zina, matenda a shuga a LADA ali asymptomatic. Monga tanena kale, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti matendawa amakula nthawi yayitali, ndipo chifukwa chake matendawa amachotsedwa ndikupangika nthawi yayitali. Pankhaniyi, njira yokhayo yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wodziwa matenda ayenera kuganiziridwa mwapadera pazizindikiro za onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita diagnostics kamodzi pachaka kuti muwone magawo a thupi.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a LADA

Kuti mankhwalawa akhale othandiza, tikulimbikitsidwa kusinthira ku chakudya chochepa chama carb, womwe ndi njira yotsogolera matenda.

Popanda kutsatira chakudya chotere, zochitika zina zonse sizingakhale zothandiza.

Gawo lotsatira ndikuphunzira mawonekedwe akugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Muyenera kuphunzira zonse zamitundu yowonjezera ya mahomoni (Lantus, Levemir ndi ena), komanso kuwerengera kwamalingaliro a kapangidwe kake musanadye. Pang'onopang'ono, insulin yotalikilapo iyenera kubayidwa, ngakhale, chifukwa cha zakudya zamafuta ochepa, shuga sofika pa 5.5-6 mmol pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya.

Polankhula za momwe mungagwiritsire matenda a shuga a autoimmune mwa akulu, samalani ndi chidwi chakuti:

• Mlingo wa gawo la mahomoni uyenera kukhala wotsika,
• Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito Levemir, chifukwa imaloledwa kuti imiritsidwe, pomwe Lantus sichoncho,
• mtundu wowonjezera wa insulin umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya siziwonjezera kupitirira 5.5-6 mmol,
• Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa glucose anu kwa maola 24. Amatsimikiza m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu, nthawi iliyonse asanadye chakudya, komanso maola awiri mutatha kudya komanso usiku musanagone,
• Kamodzi pa sabata ndikofunikira kuzindikiritsa chimodzimodzi pakati pausiku.

LADA ikulimbikitsidwa kuchiza matenda a shuga, kutengera chizindikiro cha shuga, kutanthauza kuti kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin yayitali. Muzochitika zovuta kwambiri, zitha kukhala zofunikira kuzitsogolera kuyambira kawiri mpaka kanayi patsiku. Ngati, kusiyanasiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin yayitali, shuga atatha kudya, kuchuluka kwazakudya kumafunikira.

Palibe vuto, ndi mtundu wamtundu wa matenda ashuga, musatenge mapiritsi monga sulfonylureas ndi dongo. Mankhwalawa amalembedwera matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, chifukwa chake ali ndi mawonekedwe 1.5 amatha kuwononga zovuta. Mayina monga Siofor ndi Glucofage ndi othandiza kwa odwala onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Popanda kulemera mopambanitsa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukana zinthu zoterezi.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi chida china chofunikira chothandizira odwala kunenepa kwambiri. Pamaso pa kulemera kwakanthawi, thupi limafunikira kuti kulimbikitse chitetezo chokwanira, thanzi. Chisamaliro chapadera chikuyenera kuperekedwa ku njira zodzitetezera.

Njira zopewera

Popewa mtundu wamtundu wa shuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kusokonezedwa ndi zinthu zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amalimbikira kuwongolera thupi komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Sidzakhalanso zofunikira kutsatira chakudya, kupatula zakudya zodzaza ndi mafuta muzakudya. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito vitamini ndi mayina ena omwe angalimbikitse chitetezo.

Chofunikira china ndi kukhazikitsa kwakanthawi ma diagnostics: kuwunika shuga wamagazi, glycated hemoglobin ndi cholesterol. Zonsezi zilola, ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti muchepetse zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse matenda a shuga a autoimmune.

LADA shuga, ndi chiyani? Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi amatanthauza shuga ya autoimmune shuga. Mawu asayansi adayambira mu 1993 ndipo adawafotokozera mu mutu wa "Losent autoimmuneabetes in akulu". Kafukufuku wa matenda a shuga a LADA ku Russia akuchitika pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kuzindikiridwa kwa matendawa kukhale kovuta. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu ali ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe achiwiri, koma mawonekedwe omwe adachokera ali ofanana ndi oyamba. Pachifukwa ichi, amatchedwa imodzi ndi theka (1.5). Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mpaka 50% ya odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa amakhudzidwa ndi matenda a shuga a autoimmune akuluakulu.

Kuwonetsedwa ngati chowonadi cha matenda

Pali malingaliro oti matenda a shuga a fret ndi njira yopepuka yowonetsera matenda ashuga 1. Mapangidwe ake a matendawa amapezeka monga amtundu 1 - B maselo amafa, koma pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, insulini imatulutsidwa kwambiri m'magazi ndipo imaleka kupanga nthawi yonse. Kusiyana kokhako kuchokera ku mitundu iwiri ya shuga ndi kulephera kwa autoimmune m'thupi.

Zizindikiro zovuta za shuga lada ndizofanana ndi chizolowezi chapamwamba cha matendawa. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi ndi kuchepa kwakamodzi kwa insulin, ketoacidosis imachitika.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Mumva ludzu kwambiri.
• Pakamwa pakamwa.
• Zofooka.
• Kusanza, kusanza.

Woopsa milandu, matenda a m'matumbo angayambitse kudwala.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zizindikiro zapadera za matendawa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Chizungulire
• Kunjenjemera, kunjenjemera ndi kuzizira kwa thupi.
• Khungu loyera ndi mucous nembanemba.
• Hyperglycemia.
• Kuchepetsa thupi, pafupipafupi diuresis.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti matenda a shuga a fret amatha kuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali popanda chizindikiro.

Kuzindikira koyambirira

Matenda a shuga a LADA amapitilira mu mawonekedwe obisika (mwachinsinsi), komabe, atazindikira koyambirira kwake pamakhala mwayi wochira kwathunthu. Matendawa amapezeka mosavuta. Izi makamaka ndizowonjezera shuga mumagazi. Nthawi yomweyo, kulemera kumakhalabe kwachilendo, monga kuchipatala cha odwala matenda a shuga omwe samatengera insulin.

Chinthu chachikulu pakuzindikiritsa matendawa ndikusiyana ndi mitundu ina. Ndi mawonekedwe a shuga a LADA, wodwalayo amakhala ndi thupi labwinobwino, kuchuluka kwa c-peptide kumachepetsedwa nthawi zonse m'magazi, ngakhale shuga atatha. Ndipo chinthu chinanso chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi ma antibodies m'magazi kupita kuma cell a beta.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya shuga lada. Choyamba ndi chofanana ndi matenda amtundu 1. Amadziwika ndi msinkhu wachinyamata wodwala, magawo ang'onoang'ono a c-peptides panthawi yopereka magazi kuti awunikidwe komanso kukhalapo kwa ma genotype a HLA. Njira yachiwiri yachitukuko imakonda kufotokozedwa mwa anthu achikulire onenepa kwambiri komanso osowa ma antibodies a HLA genotypes. Matendawa amafanana ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Pozindikira matenda a autoimmune latent (LADA), mbiri yotsimikizika imayamba kusungidwa. Chofunikira ndikudziwikiratu kwa matendawo. Kenako, malangizo amaperekedwa kuti atenge magazi ambiri, mkodzo, kuyesa kwamwazi ndi kuwunika kwa shuga wamagazi, ndikuwunikanso mozama matenda olembetsa a Laborator amalembedwa kuti adziwe matenda a shuga a LADA. Kafukufuku wama autoantibodies kupita ku insulin - mayeso awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsa matendawa.

Maphunziro owonjezera akuphatikizapo:

• Kudziwa hemoglobin wa glycated.
• Kudziletsa kwa glucose kulolerana.
• Kutsimikiza kwa ma antibodies kuma cell a zilumba za Langerhas.
• Makonda oterewa.
• Zizindikiro zoyesera magazi: leptin, microalbumin, glucagon, pancreatic peptide.

Kuzindikira kumakhazikitsidwa pazotsatira zoyesedwa komanso kokha ndi dokotala. Titha kulankhula zakuthwa kwa matendawa, motero, kusankha chithandizo chokwanira.

Matenda a shuga a Lada amatha kuchiritsidwa ngati mutazindikira koyambirira!

Chithandizo monga njira yothetsera matenda

Matenda a shuga a LADA samachedwa ndipo amatha kukhala osawoneka kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chiyenera kuyamba pomwe, monga momwe adatulukira, kuti apewe kufafaniza kwathunthu kwa insulin chifukwa cha ziwonetserozi, chifukwa chitetezo cha mthupi chimadziteteza ndikumayambitsa kufa kwa maselo a ziwalo. Pofuna kupewa izi, jakisoni wa insulin amayikidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mukazindikira kuti vutoli likuvomerezedwa, limayikidwa muyezo waukulu, koma kwa onse odwala. Insulin imateteza kapamba kuti asawonongeke ndi maselo ake ndi dongosolo la autoimmune. Cholinga chachikulu pakuchiritsira ndikusunga masoka a insulin mu kapamba.

Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala chokwanira. Ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta pang'ono mthupi ndikuwerengera magawo omwe buledi wapadera amaperekedwa. Chigoba cha mkate ndimomwe amapangira chakudya. Kuchiza kumaphatikiza kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa;

Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo ndikuchepa kwa kutupa kwa autoimmune chifukwa chakuchepa kwa ntchito ya autoantigens. Ndipo, ndizachidziwikire, kukhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino. Pachifukwa ichi, odwala amapatsidwa mankhwala apadera omwe ali ndi shuga.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndi matenda a shuga a LADA, sulfonylureas ndi dongo sayenera kumwedwa, Siofor ndi Glucofage amangoperekedwa kwa odwala onenepa, omwe amawoneka ndi matenda a shuga a 2, koma osati ndi matenda a shuga a LADA.

Ngati insulini yemwe wakhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali sangathe kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa shuga, ndiye kuti insulin yodwala mwachangu imatha "kubayidwa" musanadye.

Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chamankhwala, amalimbikitsa kukhala ndi moyo wakhama, masewera kapena kulimbitsa thupi, hirudotherapy ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse zimagwiranso ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga a autoimmune, koma mothandizidwa ndi adokotala.

Matenda a shuga lad ali ndi zotsatira zabwino ndi kupezeka kwake koyambirira komanso chithandizo chamanthawi. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo ndi malingaliro onse a endocrinologist ndikukhala ndi moyo wakhama. Ngati musamalitsa zakudya, ndiye kuti insulini ingafunike pazofunikira zochepa. Ndipo pokhapokha mutachira kwathunthu matendawa.