Kodi kuyezetsa magazi a insulin kumawonetsa chiyani?

Insulin ndi mahomoni a pancreatic omwe amawongolera kagayidwe kazinthu, amakhala ndi shuga m'magazi pamlingo woyenera kwambiri ndipo amatenga nawo mbali mu metabolism yamafuta. Kuperewera kwa insulini kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi kuperewera kwa mphamvu kwa maselo, komwe kumakhudza njira zamkati ndikuyambitsa ma endologies ambiri a endocrine.

Kusanthula kwa insulin m'mwazi kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa zovuta za metabolic (metabolic syndrome), kuchuluka kwa kuzindikira kwa insulin (insulin kukana) ndikuzindikira matenda oopsa monga matenda a shuga mellitus ndi insulinoma (hormone-secreting pancreatic beta-cell tumor).

Insulin ndi puloteni inayake yomwe imasungidwa m'maselo a pancreatic beta kuchokera ku proinsulin. Kenako imatulutsidwa m'magazi, pomwe imagwira ntchito yake yayikulu - kukhazikitsidwa kwa kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kukonza kwa glucose yofunikira mu gluamu yamagazi.

Wopanda mphamvu yokwanira kwa mahomoni, wodwalayo amakhala ndi matenda a shuga, omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa glycogen (chakudya chopatsa mphamvu) mu minofu ndi chiwindi. Komanso, motsutsana ndi maziko a matendawa, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wa glucose amachepetsa, lipid ndi mapuloteni amachepetsa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nitrogen moipa, komanso kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi ikukwera.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga.

• Mtundu woyamba, insulin siipangidwa konse. Potere, chithandizo chamankhwala cha mahomoni ndichofunikira, ndipo odwala amapatsidwa gulu la odwala omwe amadalira insulin.
• Mtundu wachiwiri, kapamba amatulutsa mahomoni, komabe, sangathe kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga. Palinso mkhalidwe wapakatikati (gawo loyambirira) momwe zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda a shuga sizikukula, koma mavuto opanga insulin alipo kale.

Zofunika! Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amachepetsa kwambiri moyo, amabweretsa zovuta zambiri ndipo amatha kupangitsa kuti akhale ndi vuto la matenda ashuga (omwe nthawi zambiri amafa). Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga panthawi yake ndikusanthula kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchipatala.

Zizindikiro zakusanthula

• Kuzindikira ndi kuwongolera njira ya matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri,
• Kuyesa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi tsogolo la matenda ashuga,
• Dziwani matenda amisala mwa amayi apakati,
• Kutsimikiza kwa chitetezo chathupi mthupi kupita ku insulin,
• Kukhazikitsa zomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia (kutsitsa glucose),
• Insulin Wokayikira
• Kukhazikitsa insulin kukonzekera ndi kusankha kwa mankhwalawa.
• Kupenda kwathunthu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolic,
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Kuyesedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi polycystic ovary syndrome (kusowa kwamchiberekero ndi kusamba kwa msambo),
• Dziwani matenda amtundu wa endocrine,
• Kuwunikira odwala atasinthidwa kwa maselo a islet (maselo a beta a islets of Langerhans).

Zizindikiro pamaso pomwe maphunziro a insulin

• Kukwiya, kukhumudwa, kutopa kwambiri,
• Kuwonongeka kwamtima
• Kusintha kwakukutu kwakanthawi thupi polimbitsa thupi zakudya komanso zizolowezi zolimbitsa thupi,
• Kumva ludzu ndi njala pafupipafupi,
• Khungu lowuma komanso zimagwira pakamwa (pakamwa pouma),
• Thukuta kwambiri, kufooka,
• Mbiri ya tachycardia ndi matenda amtima,
• Kuzindikira koperewera, kuwona kawiri, chizungulire,
• Kuchiritsidwa kwakanthawi kwa mabala apakhungu, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuunika kwathunthu ndi cholinga cha phunziroli zimachitika ndi endocrinologist, dokotala wa opaleshoni, othandizira kapena dokotala wa mabanja. Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a gestational, dokotala wazachipatala ayenera kufunsidwa. Mukazindikira insulinomas kapena mitundu ina ya kapamba, a oncologist amatsutsa mayeso ake.

Kuchiritsa

Mayeso wamba: μU / ml kapena uchi / l.

Chipinda china: pmol / lita (mkED * 0.138 mked / ml).

Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi

Zinthu zothandiza pa zotsatirapo zake

Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zimakhudzidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala:

• levodopa,
• mahomoni (kuphatikiza kulera kwamlomo),
• corticosteroids
• insulin
• Albuterol
• chlorpropamide
• glucagon,
• shuga
• sucrose
• fructose
• niacin
• kapamba,
• quinidine
• spironolctone,
• prednisolone
• tolbutamide etc.

Mkulu insulin

• Type 2 shuga mellitus (wodwala samatengera kukonzekera kwa insulin),
• Pancreatic hormone yotulutsa zotupa, monga insulinoma,
• Acromegaly (kukomoka kwa tchire lakutsogolo),
• Matenda a chiwindi
• Myotonic dystrophy (kuwonongeka kwa majini m'misempha),
• Cushing's Syndrome (hypersecretion yama adrenal mahomoni),
• Kuvuta tsankho kwa shuga (glucose, fructose, lactose, etc.),
• Magawo onse a kunenepa kwambiri.

Kukonzekera kwa kusanthula

Kuti mudziwe insulin, ndikofunikira kupatsira magazi a venous pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi yosala kudya ili pafupifupi maola 8-10, patsiku losintha mutha kumwa madzi wamba osakhala amchere ndi mpweya.

Kwa masiku angapo, muyenera kukana kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi zamphamvu, kupewa nkhawa zilizonse zamaganizidwe ndi thupi. Ndiosafunanso kusuta patsiku lopereka magazi.

Kwa tsiku, tikulimbikitsidwa kupatula mbale zamafuta ndi zonunkhira, zonunkhira kuchokera kuzakudya.

Mphindi 30 musanayambe phunziroli, muyenera kukhala pansi ndikukhala omasuka kwathunthu. Kupsinjika kulikonse kwakuthupi kapena kwamaganizidwe pakadali pano ndizoletsedwa, chifukwa kupsinjika kumatha kuyambitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin, komwe kumapangitsa zotsatira zoyeserera.

Chidziwitso: popewa kupeza zotsatira zolakwika, kuwunikira kumayikidwa asanayambe maphunziro othandizira komanso othandizira (ultrasound, X-ray, mayeso a rectal, CT, MRI, physiotherapy, etc.) kapena masabata 1-2 atatha.

Muyenera kuti mwapatsidwanso ntchito:

About ntchito yamafuta

Insulin (kuchokera ku Latin insula - islet) ndi polypeptide yopanga mapuloteni ena, imapangidwa m'maselo a pancreas. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikugwa kwa shuga (magazi). Glucose kuchokera m'magazi motsogozedwa ndi timadzi timeneti amatengedwa kwambiri ndi minyewa yambiri, ndipo pakuchepa kwa ndende yake, insulin m'magazi imagwanso ndi makina a mayankho.

Amayendedwe a timadzi timeneti ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kupezeka kwa ma membrane am'maselo a mamolekyulu a shuga. Koma shuga, yemwe amalowa m'maselo chifukwa cha insulin, uyenera kukonzedwa pamenepo. Chifukwa chake, gawo lina lotsatira la kukopa kwa mahomoni awa pakupanga kagayidwe kazakudya ndiko kupanga kwa wowuma kwanyama, kapena glycogen kuchokera ku glucose. Glycogen ndi mtundu wamadzi wophatikiza, ndipo imadzikundikira m'chiwindi, imathandizira pakupanga mphamvu yake yopanga mphamvu ndi thupi pakati pakudya, komanso masiku awiri mpaka atatu asala kudya.

Kuwonongeka kwa wowuma kwanyama kumachitika motsogozedwa ndi mahomoni ena, omwe ndi contrinsular ("mdani") mu ntchito yake. Amatchedwa glucagon, ntchito yake ndikuwonjezera shuga m'magazi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za thupi, makamaka minofu yamatumbo. Insulin imathandizanso pakupanga mapuloteni ophatikizika ndi mafuta, ndiye kuti, ili ndi anabolic. Pamaso pa insulin, ntchito ya glucagon imayimitsidwa, motero timadzi timeneti timatha kuwonedwa ngati chinthu chotsutsa-catabolic, ndiye kuti, pawiri yomwe imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi mafuta wowuma.

Kuwongolera kagayidwe ka homoni kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumachitika pamlingo wambiri, ndipo m'matenda monga matenda a shuga mellitus 1 (wodalira insulin) ndi mtundu 2 (wodziyimira pawokha), magawo omwe ali pamwambawa amaphwanyidwa. Nthawi zina, wodwalayo amakhala ndi chotupa chomwe chimasunga mahomoni ochuluka m'magazi, chotupacho chimatchedwa insulinoma. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amakumana ndi vuto lalikulu la hypoglycemia pomwe pali Magazi ochepa kwambiri m'magazi.

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kupeza insulin?

Kafukufuku wa insulin m'magazi, motero, amawunika kwambiri kagayidwe kazakudya ndipo, choyambirira, amathandizira kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za hypoglycemic, komanso zimathandizira pakuwunika kwa insulin. Matenda akulu omwe amaikidwa magazi poyesa insulin ndi matenda a shuga. Kusintha kwamphamvu muyezo wa mahomoni awa kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo, choyamba, zimatengera mtundu wamatenda ndi momwe amakhalira. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, maselo a pancreatic samatulutsa timadzi tambiri timeneti, makamaka chifukwa cha autoimmune pathology, chifukwa chake pali kusowa kwa insulini m'magazi, komwe kulibe chilichonse chomwe chimatha kuyambiranso.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, vutoli limasiyana. Pali insulini yambiri mthupi, imakhala yofunikira kwambiri, ndipo maselo a kapamba omwe amapanga amayesetsa kwambiri, koma minyewa yomwe imvera ndikulowetsa glucose m'maselo awo pomwe mahomoni amatulutsidwa. Vutoli limatanthawuza kuti kukana insulini kwayambika mu minofu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo nthawi zina matendawa kuti asankhe kusintha kwa wodwalayo kuchokera pamafakisoni obayira a mahomoni kupita ku mankhwala ochepetsa shuga mu mapiritsi, komanso mosemphanitsa.

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba amafunika kuwongoleredwa ndi insulin, ndipo odwala achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ayenera kumwa mapiritsi angapo ochepetsa shuga. Izi sizowona konse, nthawi zina odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amafunikanso maphunziro apafupipafupi a mankhwala a mahomoni.

Odwala onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a metabolic, ndikofunikira kupereka magazi ku timadzi timeneti kuti adziwe kuphwanya shuga, komwe nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kukula kwa prediabetes.

Chiyeso cha insulin chimaperekedwanso machitidwe azachipatala. Ngati mayi ali ndi vuto la ovary ya polycystic, ndiye kuti amafunikanso kuphunzira pafupipafupi.

Dziwani kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi sikungatheke nthawi zonse chifukwa chotsimikiza mwachindunji. Mwa odwalawo omwe akhala akumwa jakisoni kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, ma antibodies ena amatha kupanga zomwe zingasokoneze zotsatira za mayeso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwa odwala oterowo ndikwabwino kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane mahomoni awa, koma kuti adziwe mosawerengera poyang'ana kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimatchedwa C-peptide m'magazi, popeza mulingo wa peptide iyi umafanana ndendende ndi insulin. Ichi ndi chiyani Kodi panganoli limachokera kuti?

C-peptide yokha ndi chidutswa cha zomwe zimayambira insulin, yomwe imamasulidwa mu molekyu iyi mwa kupangika kwa mahomoni. Kusanthula uku kudzanenedwa pansipa. Pakadali pano, muyenera kudziwa kuti C-peptide ndi "zinyalala" zopanda ntchito, koma iwo ndi mahomoni olumikizika amalumikizidwa zolimba.

Momwe mungakonzekerere kusanthula ndikuwonetsa?

Momwe mungaperekere magazi? Kupereka magazi kumaphatikizapo kubwera ku labotale pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi ya kusala kudya usiku ndikupumula ikuyenera kukhala pafupifupi maola 8, ndipo mutha kudutsa molondola mosiyanitsa kuyambira maola 8 mpaka 14 mukusala kudya.

Ndikofunikira kukhala mu kupumula kwakuthupi ndi kwamalingaliro tsiku lisanafike phunziroli, lamulo la zoletsa kumwa kwathunthu limagwiranso ntchito, ndipo ngati wodwalayo amasuta, ayenera kusuta osachepera ola limodzi maphunziro asanafike, popeza nikotini wolowetsedwa m'magazi amatha kusintha zotsatira za mayeso. Zotsatira zake ndi chiyani?

Kuwunikira kuyenera kuperekedwa:

• Choyamba, ngati wodwalayo ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemic, zomwe zimadabwitsa madokotala.

Zizindikirozi zimaphatikizira kuyamba kwadzidzidzi komanso kufulumira kwa kufooka, chizungulire, komanso mawonekedwe amanjenjemera thupi lonse, kapena m'manja. Wodwala amatembenuka, amakhala ndi thukuta lozizira, tachycardia imayamba. Mantha ndi nkhawa zopanda pake zimawoneka, zimadetsedwa m'maso,

• Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a metabolic syndrome,
• mwa azimayi omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi ovary ya polycystic,
• kuthana ndi vuto losintha chithandizo kwa odwala matenda a shuga,
• ali ndi chotupa chovomerezeka cha kapamba, yemwe ndi insulinoma yogwira ntchito m'thupi.

Ngati chotupa chija chikukayikiridwa, wodwalayo amakhalanso ndi matenda a hypoglycemia, koma amakhala opitilira pafupipafupi komanso akhazikika, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale mwakuwonjezera, amatha kusinthika.

Mtengo wa kuyesa kwa insulini m'malo ochitira malonda ndikuchokera ku ruble 500 mpaka 1,500, nthawi zambiri kwa tsiku limodzi lokha.

Kutanthauzira ndi kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira

Kodi zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa chiyani? Mitundu yofananira yazotsimikizika zamahomoni iyi imachokera ku 2.7 mpaka 10,4 μU / ml.

Mupezanso nkhani yathu ya Blood Insulin Rate kukhala yothandiza.

Zomwe zimasinthidwa zimatha kusintha pang'ono ndipo zimatengera luso lalembera la mayesowo, koma nthawi yomweyo, malire enieni adzawonetsedwa mu deta yomwe yaperekedwa.

Nthawi yomweyo, dotolo ayenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu yokhazikika yolondola ingogwira ntchito ngati kuyezetsa magazi kwachitika moyenera, pomwe nthawi yosala usiku yatha komanso wodwalayo sadzakhala wonenepa, ndipo mndandanda wamankhwala ake sangathe kupitirira 30. Ngati munenepa, zosintha zina, ndipo pokhapokha polemba zotsatira ndizoyenera.

Kodi kupitiliza zolemba zako kumachitika liti? Choyamba, zimalankhula za kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a insulinoma, komanso za matenda a matenda ashuga odziyimira okha a 2 shuga.

Nthawi zina, chiwindi, chomwe sichinathe kuwononga insulini yomwe sichikhala chofunikira, "chikuyambitsa mlandu" chifukwa chowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Wodwala amatha kukhala ndi mahomoni oterewa monga acomegaly kapena Cushing's syndrome. Ndi kunenepa kwambiri, mtengo wake umakhalanso wokwera, ndipo, ndithu, kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulin kumakhala kokwanira ngati wodwalayo adalowetsa chinthuchi kumapeto, kuyiwala momwe angaperekere magazi molondola.

Koma adotolo ayenera kuganiziranso kuti pali mankhwala ambiri omwe wodwala angatenge, omwe angakhudze zotsatira za mayeso. Zinthu zotsatirazi zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa insulin ya m'magazi:

• Glucose
• Kukula kwamafuta,
• Mankhwala a Levodopa odwala parkinsonism,
• Kutenga njira zakulera zapakati mwa akazi,
• Chithandizo cha corticosteroid timadzi timadzi tambiri,
• Quinidine, amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mtima
• Potaziyamu yosunga diuretic Veroshpiron.

Pali mankhwala ena ambiri omwe amakhudza kagayidwe ka insulin.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa insulin precursor

Zinanenedwa pamwambapa kuti ngati wodwala atulutsa ma antibodies kukhala mahormoni, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kupereka kusanthula kwa C-peptide. Zinthu ziwiri izi, insulin ndi C-peptide, ndizofanana mwazomwe zimachitika. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kuchuluka kwa C-peptide kuli pafupifupi maulendo 5 kuposa kufunika kwa insulini m'madzi a m'magazi. Ichi ndichifukwa cha kusawerengeka kwakukulu kochotsa ma metabolites awa m'magazi.

Mu endocrinology yamakono, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa C-peptide ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuyesa insulin.Chowonadi ndi chakuti C-peptide imasweka pang'onopang'ono kwambiri kuposa momwe timagwirira ntchito, motero kukhazikika kwake m'magazi kumakhala kokwanira kwambiri, ndipo zotulukapo zake zimakhala zodalirika, mwakuwunika komanso "kuwongolera" kusinthasintha kwakanthawi. Kuphatikiza apo, C-peptide m'magazi am'magazi imakumana ndi kusinthasintha komwe kumazungulira ndikupanga pansi, komanso kusinthasintha kwa insulin.

Koma pali phanga limodzi. Insulin imawonongeka m'chiwindi, ndi C-peptide mu impso. Chifukwa chake, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ngati wodwalayo ali ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi impso, ndiye kuti kusintha koyenera kuyenera kuchitika kuti athe kuwunikira bwino omwe akuwunikirawo. Koma, kumbali ina, ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi chiwindi, ndiye kuti kuyesa kwa C-peptide kumathandiza kupewa zolakwika ndikuwonetsa deta yolondola ya metabolism, yomwe siyipezeka mukamayang'ana mahomoni omwe amagwira ntchito.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake, chifukwa chodalirika kwambiri ndi kafukufukuyu, zomwe zikuwonetsa phunziroli la C - peptide ndizokulirapo. Kuphatikiza pazifukwa zomwe tafotokozazi, kusanthula kwa C-peptide ndikofunikira pa:

• kuneneratu za matenda ashuga,
• kuwunika ntchito ya cell ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ngati atenga insulin,
• kuzindikira matenda obadwa nawo a shuga, ngati mayi woyembekezera nayenso ali ndi matendawa,
• kuyesa kwa peptide kumathandizira kumvetsetsa momwe insulin imasungidwira ndikuwonongeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi, ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe shuga.

Malingaliro a metabolite osagwira ntchito mwa munthu wathanzi amasinthasintha m'malo okwera kwambiri: kuchokera pa 300 mpaka 2450 picomoles pa lita, ndipo sizimatengera jenda ndi zaka.

Mosiyana ndi insulin, kuchuluka kwa C-peptide kumatha kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepetsedwa. Poyambirira, tikulankhula za zisonyezo zomwezo pazifukwa zomwezo monga momwe mukuphunzirira insulin, koma palinso kufufuza kwina. Izi zimaphatikizapo somatotropinoma ndi kulephera kwa aimpso. Mlingo wa peptide iyi umachepa m'mikhalidwe yovuta, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi cha chidakwa.

Pomaliza, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti palinso proinsulin. Ili ndiye chiwonetsero chomwechi chomwe C-peptide ndi timadzi tokha timagwira. Ndili mu mawonekedwe awa omwe mahomoni "amtsogolo" amasungidwa. Vutoli limafanana ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Chimodzi mwazinthu zokhudzana ndi ma antibodies a thyroglobulin chinanena kuti mamolekyu akuluwa ndi maselo a mahomoni a chithokomiro, omwe mamolekyulu awo amapukutika momwe amafunikira. Molekyulu ya proinsulin ndiyofanana.

Pozindikira, phunziroli limathandizira kudziwa momwe maselo a pancreatic beta omwe amapangira mahomoni ena. Chizindikiro cha chinthuchi chimachulukitsa kakhumi pobereka, ndipo nthawi yayitali kupezekanso kwake m'magazi, kuyerekezera ndi insulin. Zikachitika kuti chotupa chowopsa cha maselo a islet chichitike, ndiye kuti chinsinsicho chidzasinthidwa pang'ono kupita ku chinthu ichi, ndipo mahomoni adzamasulidwa pang'ono, komanso insulinoma. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kuchepetsa maphunziro a kagayidwe kabwino kumangophunzira kokha mtundu umodzi wa insulin.

Kufotokozera kwa kusanthula

Kutulutsa kwa mitundu ya pathological yothandizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa insulin ndende kumakhala kokwanira kwambiri. Hyperinsulinemia yodziwika bwino imapezeka mu matenda ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• lembani matenda a shuga 2 komanso matenda ashuga oyamba (kuthamanga kwa glucose, kusokonekera kwa shuga),
• matenda ena a chiwindi
• acromegaly
• hypercorticism
• insulinoma (chotupa cha kanyumba kenakake kamene kamayambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulini),
• insulin kukana
• kunenepa.

Insulin nthawi zambiri imatchedwa thunthu la mapuloteni, omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo apadera a kapamba. Kupanga kwa zinthuzi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Chithandizo chachikulu cha kachipangidwe kameneka ndimazindikiritso ndikuwunikira kwake momwe ntchito ya shuga imathandizira.

Chiyeso cha insulin chitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri:

1. Njira yoyamba yodutsira kusanthula kwamtunduwu imatchedwa yanjala. Zimakhala m'chenicheni kuti kufunafuna kwakuthupi kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mukamaliza kusanthula motere, chakudya chatha, maola 8 ayenera kudutsa. Pankhaniyi, kuperekera kusanthula kwakonzedwa m'maola.
2. Njira yachiwiri yodziwira tsogolo la munthu kudzera mu shuga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito shuga. Wodwalayo amamwa kuchuluka kwake, amadikirira maola awiri kenako ndikupereka magazi.

Pali njira inanso yoyeserera magazi kuti mupeze insulin. Muli kuphatikiza njira ziwiri.

Njira iyi ndi yolondola kwambiri. Choyamba, munthu amayesa magazi a insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako kudya shuga, pambuyo pake amadikirira maola angapo ndikuperekanso magazi.

Njira iyi imakuthandizani kuti muwone chithunzi cha zomwe zikuchitika m'thupi mokwanira. Komabe, pakuyezetsa matenda, ndikokwanira kupereka magazi m'mawa wokha, pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuyesedwa kwa insulin ndi chiani? Chiyeso chosavuta cha insulin, chifukwa chomwe mungazindikire matendawa munthawi ya shuga ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, muthane ndi njira yochizira matendawa.

Mapuloteni a insulin ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ndikupereka mayendedwe azinthu zonse za michere ku ma cell a ziwalo za anthu ndikuthandizira gawo loyenera la chakudya. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mutatha kudya shuga, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'mwazi kumachepa.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga mu hematopoietic dongosolo kumakhudzanso kupanga kwa insulin m'magazi, ndipo chithunzi cha chipatala pakuwunika kwa insulin ndikuwunikira momwe ntchito yochizira matenda ashuga imayendera.

Matenda omwe afotokozedwawo ndi matenda oopsa omwe glucose omwe amakhala mulingo woyenera samalowa m'matumbo, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwazinthu zonse. Mothandizirana ndi izi, kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulin kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa matenda omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga okha, komanso mitundu yake, komanso zovuta zomwe zimayenderana ndi matendawa.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi a matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ndi njira yomwe imakuthandizani kuti mudziwe mtundu wamatendawa. Njira imeneyi ndi yosavuta, koma yothandiza.

Njira zachilendo sizimalola matenda a prediabetes kutsimikiza. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amangodumphadwala matendawa ndipo samadziwa kuti shuga ndi yotani.

Pakapita kanthawi, amayamba kumva ngati ali ndi matenda ena ake, amayezetsa magazi ndipo amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Kuti mupewe izi, kuyesedwa kwa mtundu wina wamatenda kumapangidwa. Mosiyana ndi matenda omveka bwino, mawonekedwe awa amatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu popewa zovuta zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, ngati mwapatsidwa njira iyi, musakane kapena musanyalanyaze malangizo a dokotala. Mwina izi zikuthandizani kuthawa mavuto akulu azaumoyo.

Zifukwa zakukula

Kuperewera kwa mahomoni m'thupi kumayamba mu zochitika zotsatirazi:

• lembani matenda a shuga 1 mellitus (mawu amodzi - odalira insulin),
• kuchepa kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu kwa katulutsidwe ka matumbo am'mimba otentha (hypopituitarism),
• diabetesic (hyperglycemic) chikomokere (mosasamala mtundu wa shuga).

Pakupezeka matenda amtundu wa cellular, inshuwaransi yotsika m'magazi imatsimikiza mukatenga zinthu zina:

• mowa
• ethaconic acid
• mangochinos
• metformin
• thiazide okodzeya,
• opanga beta.

Komabe, kuwonjezereka pang'ono kwa chizolowezi pakufunikira kwa insulin mwa azimayi ndi abambo kungawonetse kuthekera kwa kupezeka kwa matenda amtsogolo - matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 2 wa minofu atrophy, kupezeka kwa kulemera kwambiri kwa thupi, komanso zinthu zina zotupa za chiwindi.

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kungayambike chifukwa chokhala ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi komanso mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1.

• Kumva ludzu
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri ndi kufooka,
• Kuyendetsa mkodzo
• Zosasangalatsa kumva kuyabwa.

• Gluttony
• Chikopa
• Manja akunjenjemera ndi ziwalo zina za thupi,
• Kuchuluka kwa mtima,
• Mikhalidwe yosintha
• Thukuta kwambiri.

Ngati zotsatira zowunikirazo zikuchepetsedwa kapena kupitirira mtengo wamba, kumakhala koyambirira kwambiri kuti phokoso laphokoso. Kusinthasintha kungachitike chifukwa cha njira zachilengedwe kapena chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amakhudza dongosolo la endocrine.

Kuzindikira kumawonetsa zonyansa pazinthu za insulini komanso pamaso pa matenda ena, monga matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda am'mimbayo. Komabe, ngati, pakapanda kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zakunja, shugayo atakulirakima ndipo mayesowo adachitika moyenera, muyenera kupita kuchipatala.

Chisamaliro chofunikira chikuyenera kulipidwa pakunyengerera kwa odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa kusinthasintha kwa mahomoni kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri, kuphatikizapo kukomoka.

Ngati kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulin kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuwonetsa kulephera kwa mahomoni, kumwa kwambiri zakudya zotsekemera ndi zamafuta, komanso kulimbitsa thupi. Kuwerengera kwa kusanthula kwa insulin ndi glucose kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza matenda ashuga komanso matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mahomoni.

Zisonyezo za insulin yotsika komanso shuga wamkulu zimawonetsa mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, chotulukapo chake ndi insulin yayikulu ndi shuga wambiri.

Kutupa kwa pancreatic kumawonetsa insulin yayikulu, komanso shuga wochepa.

Amayambitsa insulin yotsika komanso yayitali mwa amuna ndi akazi

Kodi chizolowezi cha insulin chachimuna ndi chachikazi ndi chiyani? Mlingo wa insulin mwa amayi ndi abambo ulibe kusiyana kwakukulu. Itha kusinthasintha pazifukwa zina.

Chizindikiro cha insulin mwa munthu wathanzi chimasiyana kuchokera pa 3.0 mpaka 25.0 mcED / ml, ngakhale kuti kukonzekera kudutsa kuyesedwa koyenera kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo onse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi womwe umagwira ntchito moona ungadziwike pokhapokha kuwunikira pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Izi ndichifukwa choti chakudya chimapangitsa kuti ena ayambe kupanga mahomoni ofotokozedwa.

• Mu achinyamata panthawi ya kutha, zambiri zimatha kutengera kutengera mtundu wa chakudya,
• Mwa azimayi adakali aang'ono, kuyenerera kwa digito kumatha kukhala kosiyana ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yazomwe zimachokera mu mahomoni komanso kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta,
• Amayi amtsogolo, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi nthawi zonse kumakhala kokwera kuposa kwazonse, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe amakhala nazo.

Ndi zizindikilo ziti zomwe zikuonetsa kuti ndikofunikira kuwunikira? Ndiyenera kuyang'ana chiyani?

Nthawi zambiri, kuyezedwa kwa insulin kumatsimikiziridwa kuti kutsimikizire kapena kukana kuzindikira matenda ashuga. Komanso, chifukwa chodzipereka ndi kupezeka kapena kukayikira kwa matenda a endocrine. Iwo omwe amayang'anira zaumoyo ayenera kuyang'anira zotsatirazi zomwe zikuwoneka m'thupi la munthu:

1. Kusintha kwa kulemera, mmwamba ndi pansi. Ichi ndichizindikiro chododometsa ngati palibe kusintha kwa zakudya komanso kusuntha komwe kumachitika m'moyo wamunthu. Ndiye kuti, ngati munthu amasuntha ndikudya mgonero womwewo tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo thupi lake limasintha, izi zikutanthauza kuti vuto linalake lachitika m'thupi. Kuti muzindikire izi, ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku.
2. Kufooka, kuchepa kwa ntchito yogwiritsanso ntchito ndi chizindikiro cha kusokonezeka kwa njira zilizonse. Kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli, muyenera kulumikizana ndi a chipatala kuti mumupime mayeso ofunika komanso kupititsa mayeso, kuphatikiza insulin.
3. Chizindikiro china cha kuphwanya kupanga mahomoni omwe ali pamwambawa ndicho kuchiritsa kwa mabala kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, mabala kapena ma abrasions amatenga nthawi yayitali kutuluka magazi komanso kutulutsa magazi. Chizindikirochi chikuwonetsanso kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka magazi a munthu.

Kuzindikira ndi chizolowezi malinga ndi zaka

Kuzindikira za insulin nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi adokotala, koma ndizotheka kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga, popanda kutsimikizira, kupewa. Monga lamulo, kusinthasintha pamlingo wa mahomoniwa kumawonekera komanso kumva. Munthu amawona zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana zosasangalatsa ndi zizindikilo zakulephera kugwira bwino ntchito kwamkati.

• Muyezo wa mahomoni m'magazi a akazi ndi ana kuyambira 3 mpaka 20-25 μU / ml.
• Mwa amuna, mpaka 25 mcU / ml.
• Panthawi yapakati, minofu ndi maselo amthupi amafunika mphamvu zambiri, shuga ochulukirapo amalowa m'thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mulingo wa insulin ukuwonjezeka. Zomwe zimachitika mwa amayi apakati zimawerengedwa kuti ndi 6-27 mkU / ml.
• Mwa anthu achikulire, chizindikiro ichi nthawi zambiri chimakulitsidwa. A pathology amatengedwa ngati chizindikiro pansipa 3 ndi pamwamba pa 35 μU / ml.

Mulingo wa mahomoni amasinthasintha m'magazi tsiku lonse, ndipo umatanthauzanso za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, popeza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumadalira gawo la matenda, chithandizo, mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Monga lamulo, kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga kumatengedwa, kutsimikiza kwa insulin m'magazi kumafunikira pazovuta zazikulu za matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zina za mahomoni.

• kulemera msanga kapena kuwonda
• nseru, chizungulire ndi kufooka,
• sclerotic mtima wamatenda ndi ischemic matenda,
• zotupa pakhungu chifukwa cha kusuta fodya komanso uchidakwa,
• kunyalanyaza mfundo zachakudya zopatsa thanzi: kudya zakudya zopezeka ndi cholesterol, mafuta a alpha, ndi chakudya chamafuta.

Chowonjezera chowonjezera chowonetsa kupangika kwa mahomoni mwa akazi ndi pakati. Kusintha kwa thupi la amayi komwe kumakhudzana ndi kubereka mwana, kumatha kutumizidwa pamlingo wakuthupi wamavuto am'banja, kuphatikizapo matenda ashuga. Shuga amathanso kukwezedwa pazifukwa zachilengedwe. Yankho losasangalatsa limatha kusanthula.

Momwe mungakonzekerere phunzirolo?

Kuti mayesowo akhale olondola, ndikofunikira kukonzekera bwino kusakanikirana kwa magazi.

Kukonzekera mwaluso kuli motere:

• perekani magazi mwamphamvu pamimba yopanda kanthu, simungadye kapena kumwa chilichonse kupatula madzi oyera okha maola 8 zinthuzo zisanaperekedwe,
• ndikofunikira kuyendetsa kusanthula musanayambe maphunziro anu kapena sabata yatha.

Uphungu! Ngati ndizosatheka kusokoneza njira yamankhwala, ndiye kuti muyenera kukambirana nkhaniyi ndi dokotala, chifukwa mankhwala ambiri angakhudze zotsatira zake.

• tsiku loti lisanachitike, muyenera kuchepetsa zakudya zamafuta, osapatula mowa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• ngati kupimidwa kwathunthu kwakhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupereke magazi musanapite kukasanthula ndi ma radiology, radiology, ndi zina zambiri.

Insulin ndi amodzi mwa mapuloteni omwe amapezeka m'thupi la munthu omwe amachititsa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi michere. Insulin imapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndipo mukamachita kafukufukuyu, mutha kudziwa osati zomwe zili mu mapuloteni m'magazi okha, komanso kuwunika ntchito ya gland palokha. Dzina lina loyesedwa ndi kusanthula kwa insulini.

Mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, wodwalayo amatenga magazi a venous, omwe ma plasma amapatulidwa kenako ndikuwonetsetsa kuti insulin ili mu labotale imatsimikiziridwa momwemo. Izi zimachitika pomanga ma mamolekyulu amadzi a plasma ku ma antibodies omwe amakhala ndi enzyme inayake, motero amatha kusuntha.

Zotsatira zake kuti ma antibodies oterewa amayamba kumanga mapuloteni, kuchuluka kwa njira yothetsera momwe plasma idayikidwira imayamba kusintha, ma antibodies ochulukirapo amakumana ndi insulin, ndikulimba kachulukidwe.

Ndikosatheka kuyesa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kunyumba: izi zimafunikira zida zapadera zofufuzira, ndipo katswiri wodziwa bwino yekha ndi amene angadziwe zotsatira zake.

Kuchulukitsa kwa insulini mwa munthu wathanzi labwino, kutengera zinthu zambiri, kumatha kusinthasintha pamlingo wa 3-20 mU / ml. Ngati zotsatira za kusanthula zikuwonetsa mtengo wotsika, kupezeka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo amapangidwa.

Zizindikiro pamwambapa zimawonetsera ma neoplasms (chosaopsa kapena chovunda) mu kapamba, ndipo munthuyo adzayenera kuyesedwa ndi oncologist. Munkhani ina, timalankhula zambiri za kuchuluka kwa insulini.

Mayeso apakhomo a insulin sanapezebe, njira yokhayo yotsimikizira mahomoni ndikupereka magazi kuti awunikidwe.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayeso a insulin kungakhale kofunikira monga gawo la kafukufuku wofufuzira kuti adziwe matenda a shuga, komanso ngati pali zokayikitsa za ma pathologies ena a endocrine system.

Zizindikiro monga kusintha kwakukulu kwa kulemera kwa thupi kapena kutsika kungachenjeze munthu amene akuwunika thanzi lawo. Potere, gawo lofunikira ndikusungidwa kwa ndondomeko yokhazikika yazakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi.

Kuti magazi atulukire olondola, osapotoza chilichonse, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a momwe mungapatsirane insulin moyenera:

• Muyenera kutenga mayeso a insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, m'mawa kwambiri.
• Tsiku lisanayambe kumwa insulini, zochitika zilizonse zolimbitsa thupi siziyikidwa pambali.
• Maola 12 musanatenge magazi kuti mupange kafukufuku, simuyenera kudya zakudya zokhala ndi shuga, chakudya chamagulu ambiri - kutsatira zakudya. Maola 8 asanafike panjira musadye, tiyi konse. Madzi osasinthidwa amaloledwa asanachitike.
• Kwa masiku awiri, momwe mungaperekere magazi, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zopanda mafuta (kupatula zakudya zamafuta).
• Madzulo a mayeso, pewani zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
• Ma 2 - 3 omwe atsala musanachite njirayi musasute.
• Zotsatira za phunziroli ndi pafupifupi zodziyimira pakusintha kwa mahomoni ogonana, kotero atsikana amatha kuyezetsa magazi ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi msambo.

Pofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake, mapangidwe amwazi wa venous amachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Masiku angapo izi zisanachitike, tikulimbikitsidwa kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa shuga wamagazi (glucocorticosteroids, njira zakulera, Cardio-beta blockers).

Zambiri zolondola pakugwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi momwe maselo a gland amatha kupezeka ndikudutsa mayeso a insulin ndi katundu. Magazi amatengedwa kawiri, nthawi yoyamba kuchuluka kwa insulin ya m'magazi kutsimikizika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kenako patatha maola awiri mutamwa njira yotsekemera (kuyesa kwa glucose).

Kuti muzindikire matenda ashuga komanso matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mahomoni, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuchuluka kwa insulini kumbuyo kwa mayeso ena (makamaka glucose). Kunyengerera:

1. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu 1 amasankha shuga wambiri wa insulin (ngakhale mutakhala ndi mayeso).
2. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu 2 amadziwika ngati insulin yayikulu m'magazi a magazi. (kapena digiri yoyamba ya kunenepa kwambiri).
3. Chotupa cha pancreatic - insulin yayikulu, shuga yochepa (pafupifupi 2 nthawi yotsika kuposa zabwinobwino).
4. Mlingo wa kapangidwe ka pancreatic mwachindunji zimatengera ntchito ya chithokomiro ndipo imawonetsa kupatuka.

Mlozera wotsutsa wa insulini umawonetsa momwe maselo amakhudzidwira ndi mahomoni, atatha kukondoweza kapena kuyambitsa kwake mwa njira yochita kupanga. Zolondola, pambuyo pa madzi otsekemera, kuphatikiza kwake kumayenera kuchepa, kutsatira mayamwidwe a shuga.

Kusanthula kwakanthawi kumawonetsa ziwonetsero zamagetsi amodzi a zinthu za m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa zokonda zina, zomwe zikuwonetsa zomwe zikukula mthupi.

Kusintha kwa magazi posanthula kumachitika pambuyo pa ola limodzi kuchokera m'mawa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, magazi amawatenga pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso akangomaliza kudya.

Zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa shuga kwa shuga zimachitika pofuna kukhazikitsa matenda, ndikuwunikanso momwe matendawo amayambira.

Kuchepa kwa hemoglobin kumatha kukhala chizindikiro cha magazi amkati, kuchepa magazi, kuchepa kwa hematopoiesis. Kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi a munthu wodwala matenda a shuga kumawonetsa, mwachitsanzo, kuti thupi limasowa madzi.

Kuperewera kwa maselo amwaziwa kumawonetsa mavuto ndi magazi. Kupangidwe kowopsa, matenda opatsirana, ndi matenda ena angapo kungayambitse izi. Nthawi zina, kuwerengetsa kwamapulatifomu kungakhale kukulirakulira. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha chifuwa chachikulu, kutupa, ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo.

Samalani

Malinga ndi WHO, chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi anthu 2 miliyoni amafa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake. Pokhapokha pakhale thandizo loyenerera la thupi, matenda ashuga amabweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana, pang'onopang'ono kuwononga thupi la munthu.

Mavuto ambiri omwe amakonda ndi awa: matenda ashuga a m'mimba, nephropathy, retinopathy, zilonda zam'mimba, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis. Matenda a shuga amathanso kuyambitsa kukula kwa zotupa za khansa. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, wodwala matenda ashuga amwalira, akulimbana ndi matenda opweteka, kapena amasintha kukhala munthu wolumala.

Kodi anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatani? Endocrinology Research Center ya ku Russia Academy of Medical Sayansi idachita bwino

Insulin Ichi ndi chiyani Chifukwa chiyani?

Insulin ndi mahomoni a protein. Imagwira gawo lalikulu mthupi la munthu. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuyendetsa zinthu zomwe zimadyetsa khungu. Insulin imapereka chakudya chokwanira m'thupi la munthu.

Kupanga kwa timadzi timeneti kumachitika m'zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, munthu akamadya, msinkhu wake udzakhala wokwezeka kwambiri kuposa pambuyo poti wasiya kudya.

Bwanji mukuyesa mayeso a insulin? Amawonetsa chiyani?

Insulin imapangidwa ndi kapamba ndipo imakhala ndi mapuloteni. Kuchuluka kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a munthu. Kuchuluka kwa insulini kumawonetsa kutsogolo kwa thupi ku matenda ashuga. Kuzindikiritsa zopatuka kuzikhalidwe zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuyenera kuchitidwa kuti chitetezo chikhale chathanzi.

Matenda a shuga amayesedwa ngati matenda oopsa. Ngati thupi la munthu lidwala matendawa, ndiye kuti izi sizingatheke kulowa m'thupi. Chifukwa choti sichilowa mulingo woyenera, kulibe magetsi, omwe amafunikira moyo wabwinobwino. Pankhani imeneyi, pakhoza kukhala kutayika mu ziwalo ndi machitidwe a wodwala.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa kwa insulin kukuwonetsa mtundu wanji wa matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka m'thupi la munthu. M'malo pamene kapamba amasiya kupanga insulin mokwanira, izi zikutanthauza kuti mtundu 1 wa shuga ukupezeka.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti wodwalayo amamuona ngati wodalira insulini ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapanga sikupitirira makumi awiri pa zana.

Palinso mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Ndi iyo, insulin imapangidwa moyenera. Koma samatengekedwa ndi maselo amthupi. Matendawa amatchedwa shuga omwe amadalira insulin.

Mavuto a matendawa

Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa shuga m'thupi, zovuta zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika mthupi la munthu:

1. Matenda a mtima.
2. Retinopathy, yomwe pambuyo pake ingayambitse kudwalitsa kwathunthu kwa wodwalayo.
3. Polyneuropathy.
4. Kulephera kwina.
5. Kusintha kwa ma trophic monga gangrene.

Zoyenera kuchita ndi munthuyu? Njira zotheka

Chofunikira ndikuwazindikira kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi a anthu. Ngati mungapeze izi kumayambiriro, njira zoterezi zikuthandizira kupewa matendawa:

1. Kutsatira ndi zakudya zapadera. Dokotala wanu adzakulemberani, kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi lanu (tsankho la chinthu, zina).
2. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.

Ngati mutsatira zakudya zapadera ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mutha kuthana ndi matenda a shuga ndikubweretsanso kagayidwe kazakudya. Kutsindika kuyenera kukhala kuti izi zitha kuchitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse.

Kodi kusanthula kumachitika bwanji? Zosankha Phunziro Kufotokozera

Chiyeso cha insulin chitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri:

1. Njira yoyamba yodutsira kusanthula kwamtunduwu imatchedwa yanjala. Zimakhala m'chenicheni kuti kufunafuna kwakuthupi kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mukamaliza kusanthula motere, chakudya chatha, maola 8 ayenera kudutsa. Pankhaniyi, kuperekera kusanthula kwakonzedwa m'maola.
2. Njira yachiwiri yodziwira tsogolo la munthu kudzera mu shuga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito shuga. Wodwalayo amamwa kuchuluka kwake, amadikirira maola awiri kenako ndikupereka magazi.

Pali njira inanso yoyeserera magazi kuti mupeze insulin. Muli kuphatikiza njira ziwiri. Njira iyi ndi yolondola kwambiri. Choyamba, munthu amayesa magazi a insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako kudya shuga, pambuyo pake amadikirira maola angapo ndikuperekanso magazi. Njira iyi imakuthandizani kuti muwone chithunzi cha zomwe zikuchitika m'thupi mokwanira. Komabe, pakuyezetsa matenda, ndikokwanira kupereka magazi m'mawa wokha, pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kukonzekera phunzirolo. Kodi tiyenera kuchitanji tisanapendeketse? Madokotala malangizo

Tsopano mukudziwa kuyesa kwa insulin, momwe mungatengere. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane momwe kukonzekera bwino. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zotsatira zake zitheke.

1. Asanapereke magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, kudziletsa pazakudya kuyenera kuchitika kwa maola asanu ndi atatu. Pakadali pano, simungathe kudya ndi kumwa zakumwa. Madzi oyera okha ndi omwe amatha kuthiridwa.
2. Simungathe kuyeseza ngati wodwala adwala, ndiye kuti amamwa mankhwala. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amatha kusintha zotsatira zake. Mwazi wa insulini uyenera kuperekedwako chithandizo chisanachitike, kapena masiku asanu ndi awiri atamalizidwa. Wodwala amafunikiranso kudziwitsa dokotala kuti akupeza chithandizo, kapena atasiya kumwa ndalamazo. Ngati mankhwalawa atatha, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti insulini ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa ndi adotolo kuti athe kusokoneza kudya kwa mankhwalawa kuti akwaniritse zitsanzo zamagazi.
3. Maola 24 asanafike phunziroli, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zinazake, monga, kukana kudya zamafuta ndi kumwa mowa. Komanso, simuyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
4. Ngati mukuwonjezera magazi, wodwalayo amakupatsani mayeso monga ultrasound kapena X-ray, ndiye kuti muyenera kupititsa kaye zomwe mwayesedwa, kenako nkumapita kukapereka njira zina.

Kuyesa kwa insulin (kuyezetsa magazi): kusanthula kwazonse, kolemba

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi a anthu kumatha kusinthasintha malinga ndi kudya. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kulondola pamimba yopanda kanthu, kuyesa kwa insulin kumachitika.

Chikhalidwe cha kukhalapo kwa chinthuchi m'magazi a anthu ndi 1.9-23 μm / ml. Izi ndi za munthu wamkulu. Chizolowezi mwa ana ndichofunikira kuyambira pa 20 mpaka 20 ma microns / ml. Kwa amayi oyembekezera, pali zizindikiro. Kwa iwo, chizolowezi chimachokera pa sikisi mpaka 27 μm / ml.

Zizindikiro zamakhalidwe a insulin m'magazi. Kodi zimatanthawuza chiyani ngati timadzi timeneti tili ochulukirapo kapena mochepera?

M'malo pamene insulin m'magazi a munthu ilipo yotsika mtengo wochepa kwambiri, izi zikuwonetsa kuti matenda amtundu woyamba 1 amapezeka m'thupi. Mosiyana, ndi mtengo wowonjezereka, titha kulankhula za kukhalapo kwa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti amayi apakati amakhala ndi zizindikiro zina zamtundu wake, phindu lawo limachulukira.

Kuyesedwa kwa insulin ndi chiyani

Kuwunika kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kumachitika pofuna kuchiza matenda ashuga. Ndikofunikira kuyendetsa matendawa pakapita nthawi, popeza imakhala ndi zovuta (masoka opuwala, chilonda, chikomokere, imfa).

Kuyesa kwa insulin kumachitika ngati zotsatirazi zikuwoneka:

• kukhalapo kwa zizolowezi zoipa (uchidakwa, kusuta),
• kudziwikiratu chifukwa kupezeka kwa matendawa kwa abale ake apafupi (makolo, agogo, agogo),
• mawonekedwe a matenda amtima,
• kagayidwe kachakudya
• nembanemba youma (makamaka pakamwa), ludzu,
• Kusintha khungu: kuuma, ming'alu,
• kutopa, chizungulire,
• mabala osachiritsa.

Kuti adziwe insulin pakuyezetsa magazi, magazi a capillary amatengedwa kuchokera pachala. Kuti muchite izi, kuluma khungu ndi khungu (chipangizo chokhala ndi malezala kumapeto).

Pali njira ziwiri zoyesera.

1. Pamimba yopanda kanthu, yomwe imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin pamisempha yokhazikika ya shuga. Kuyeseraku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa njira zopewerera.
2. Mayeso a kulolera a glucose. Kuti muchite izi, magazi asanayesedwe a insulin, wodwalayo amamwa madzi ndi madzi a shuga kapena shuga mu 70-80 ml. Mukamayang'ana, kuthekera kwa chisonyezo kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi abwino kumapezeka. Kuyeserera kwa magazi kosaloledwa kwa shuga ndi insulin nkoletsedwa kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Chiyeso cha insulin pazosankha zonse ziwiri ziyenera kumwedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zinthu kuchokera kuzakudya zidzasintha kafukufuku.

Ngati zovuta zimatheka, kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulini kumalimbikitsidwa sabata iliyonse.

Kuzindikira ndi chizolowezi cha insulin m'magazi, kutengera zaka

Pofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, magazi a capillary (omwe samadziwika kwambiri) amaperekedwa. Insulin zambiri zimatengera zaka za munthu.

Mndandanda wa kuchuluka kwa insulini yamagazi mwa akazi ndi amuna, kutengera zaka.

Atalandira zotsatira kuchokera kwa wothandizira zasayansi, munthu amatha kuzindikira zomwe zalembedwa patebulopo kapena kulumikizana ndi dokotala. Amazindikira kuchuluka kwa mahomoni abwinobwino.

Hormone insulin, tanthauzo ndi ntchito zazikulu

Insulin ndi timadzi tambiri timapuloteni. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi. Mwa izi, zimawonjezera kupezeka kwa ma membrane am'magazi, glucose amadutsa momasuka m'maselo. Horm imayambitsa insulin receptors, shuga amayamba kukonzedwa.

Zofunika! Kuti tipewe kukula kwa matendawa kapena kuyezetsa, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi katswiri kapena dokotala wothandizidwa ndi endocrinologist. Amalankhula zokhudzana ndi mahomoni onse: chomwe chimakhala, momwe angayang'anire msinkhu wake, momwe angathandizire matenda omwe abwera.

• mphamvu (glucose imalowetsedwa ndi minofu, kukonzedwa, mphamvu imatulutsidwa),
• trophic (popereka minofu ya thupi ndi amino acid, chakudya),
• kusungidwa kwa chiwindi ndi ma carbohydrate kudzera pakukula kwa glycogen,
• amalepheretsa kutsegula kwa gluconeogeneis (kupanga shuga m'magazi)
• kunyamula (simanyamula glucose kokha, komanso ma ayoni mkati mwa cell),
• amalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka mapuloteni, mafuta acids,
• Imaletsa kumasulidwa kwa madzi kumapuloteni,
• imalepheretsa kutseguka kwa kuphwasika kwamafuta kwa chiwindi.

Zizindikiro pamaso pomwe kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulin

Zizindikiro za matenda a kapamba zimawonekera, ndikofunikira kuchita kuyezetsa magazi ake kupezeka kwa mahomoni ake ndikuyang'ana kwa dokotala. Zizindikiro zakutha kwa limba ndi monga:

1. Kuchulukitsa kwamkodzo chifukwa cha glucose kulowamo.Carbohydrate imayambitsa kuthana kwa osmotic mumkodzo. Kuyang'anira kumakulitsidwa usana ndi usiku.
2. W ludzu. Munthu amafunitsitsa kumwa, chifukwa madzi ambiri m'thupi amakhala ndi mkodzo.
3. Njala. Chifukwa cha kulephera kwa maselo kutulutsa ndi kuyamwa glucose, munthu amafunanso kudya.
4. Woonda. Thupi limatha, mapuloteni komanso mafuta ochulukirapo amawonongeka chifukwa chosowa kagayidwe kazakudya.
5. Sinthani pakama khungu. Kuwotcha, kuyabwa, kusokosera, kutupa kumawonekera. Mabala omwe akutuluka samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
6. Masomphenya akuipiraipira.
7. Kupanikizika kwa mitsempha kumatuluka chifukwa cha magazi.
8. Zomveka kuchokera mkamwa ndi acetone.
9. Kupweteka kwam'mimba chifukwa chotupa cha m'mimba.
10. Zizindikiro za kuledzera. Kutentha kwa thupi kumakwera, pallor, kufooka, kutopa pambuyo pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Izi zimayambitsidwa ndi kulowa kwa michere ya pancreatic m'mitsempha yamagazi nthawi ya kutupa.
11. Kudzimbidwa. Kusintha, kutsegula m'mimba kumawonekera.
12. Kukula kwakumaso kwa 2 shuga. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulini, chifukwa chomwe somatotrotype (kukula kwa mahomoni) sikukhudza thupi konse.

Madzi ochepa a insulin

Milingo yotsika kwambiri ya insulin imachitika kuchokera pakubadwa kumene kwa munthu kapena chifukwa cha kudwala. Mu mwana, vutoli limatha kukayikiridwa ndi ludzu lalikulu (kuyamwa pafupipafupi kwa bere, botolo), kukhazikika kwa ma diap pambuyo pokodza (mkodzo umakhala ndi shuga, omwe mulibe munthu wathanzi).

Cholinga cha kuchepa kwa insulin m'magazi:

• matenda opatsirana, ma virus (amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a metabolic),
• chikhalidwe chosakhazikika (kupsinjika, kukhumudwa),
• kusakwanira kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopambanitsa,
• mtundu 1 shuga
• kuwonongeka kwa kapamba.

Kupatula zovuta zazikulu, chithandizo chamankhwala chimachitika. Chitani jakisoni wa insulin, sinthani zakudyazo (osapatula chakudya mu chakudya, yambitsani zotsekemera). Izi zimabweretsa kukhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi.

Hemeni wa insulin: tanthauzo ndi ntchito zake zazikulu

Madzi a insulin ndi omwe amachititsa kukula kwa minofu komanso kusunganso mphamvu zam'mimba

Insulin ndi mahomoni ofunikira popanda metabolism omwe amasokonezeka, maselo ndi minyewa sizigwira ntchito moyenera. Zimapangidwa ndi kapamba. M'matumbo, mumakhala masamba omwe ali ndi beta cell omwe amapanga insulin. Masamba oterowo amatchedwa zisumbu za Langerhans. Choyamba, insulin yosagwira imapangidwa, yomwe imadutsa magawo angapo ndikusintha.

Ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, momwe zimakhalira zimatha kusiyanasiyana osati ndi zaka, komanso kudya zakudya komanso zina.

Insulin imakhala ngati wochititsa. Shuga amalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, m'matumbo mwake mumayamwa chakudya ndipo umatuluka m'magazi, ndipo umatuluka shuga. Komabe, shuga pa gawo lililonse simalowa m'maselo, kupatula minofu yodalira insulini, yomwe imaphatikizapo maselo aubongo, mitsempha yamagazi, maselo amwazi, retina, impso ndi gren adrenal. Maselo ena onse amafunikira insulini, yomwe imapangitsa kuti nembanemba yawo ilowerereke ndi shuga.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kukwera, zimakhala zosadalira insulini zimayamba kuyamwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, mu shuga mellitus, shuga m'magazi akapitilira, ma cell aubongo, maso, ndi mitsempha yamagazi zimakhudzidwa koyamba. Amakumana ndi katundu wambiri, amatenga shuga wambiri.

Ntchito zingapo zofunika za insulin:

• Zimalola kuti glucose alowe m'maselo, pomwe amang'ambika m'madzi, kaboni dioksidi ndi mphamvu. Mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi khungu, ndipo mpweya woipa umatulutsidwa ndipo umalowa m'mapapu.
• Glucose amapangidwa ndi maselo a chiwindi. Insulin imalepheretsa mapangidwe a mamolekyulu atsopano a shuga m'magazi, kuchepetsa nkhawa pa chiwalo.
• Insulin imakupatsani mwayi kuti musunge shuga kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo mwa mtundu wa glycogen. Pankhani yokhala ndi vuto la njala komanso kusowa kwa shuga, glycogen imasweka ndikusintha kukhala glucose.
• Insulin imapangitsa kuti maselo a thupi azikhala ovomerezeka kwa glucose okha, komanso ma amino acid ena.
• Insulin imapangidwa m'thupi tsiku lonse, koma mapangidwe ake amakula ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi (m'thupi labwino) pakudya. Kuphwanya kwa insulin kumakhudza kagayidwe konse m'thupi, koma makamaka pa kagayidwe kazakudya.

Madzi aakulu a insulini

Insulin yochulukirapo imatha kuwonedwa mutatha kudya, koma ngakhale zili choncho, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kuyenera kukhala mkati mwazidziwitso. A insulin yokwera kwambiri imabweretsa zotsatira zosasinthika, imasokoneza ntchito ya machitidwe onse ofunikira a thupi.

Zizindikiro za insulin yowonjezereka imaphatikizidwa ndi mseru panthawi yanjala, kuchuluka kwa chilala, kukomoka, kunjenjemera, thukuta, tachycardia.

Mikhalidwe yokhudza thupi (kutenga pakati, kudya, zochita zolimbitsa thupi) kumayambitsa kukwera pang'ono kwa mahomoni. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa pathological mwa chisonyezo ichi ndimatenda akuluakulu osiyanasiyana:

• Insulinoma. Insulinoma nthawi zambiri imakhala yotupa pachilumba cha Langerhans. Chotupacho chimapangitsa kupangika kwa insulin ndipo kumabweretsa hypoglycemia. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino. Chotupa amachichotsa opaleshoni, kenako pafupifupi 80% ya odwala atachira kwathunthu.
• Type 2 shuga. Matenda a 2 a shuga amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, koma sikuthandiza mayamwidwe a shuga. Mtunduwu wa shuga umatchedwa osadalira insulini. Zimachitika chifukwa cha chibadwa kapena kunenepa kwambiri.
• Acromegaly. Matendawa amatchedwanso gigantism. Gland yamkati imayamba kupanga mahomoni owonjezera, kukula kwa mahomoni. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, kupanga mahomoni ena, monga insulin, kumatheka.
• Cushing's Syndrome. Ndi matenda amenewa, kuchuluka kwa glucocorticoids m'magazi kumakwera. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Cushing ali ndi mavuto onenepa kwambiri, mafuta mu goiter, matenda osiyanasiyana a pakhungu, matenda oopsa, kufooka kwa minofu.
• Polycystic ovary. Mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi polycystic ovary, kusokonezeka kwakulu kwa mahomoni kumawonedwa, ndikupangitsa, pakati pazinthu zina, kukulira kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Kuchuluka kwa insulini kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala ndi khansa, chifukwa insulin imapangitsa kukula kwa maselo, kuphatikizapo maselo a chotupa.

Madzi a insulin adatsitsidwa

Kupatuka ku chizolowezi cha insulin kumatha kuwonetsa kukula kwamatenda akulu mthupi

Kuperewera kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti shuga awonjezeke komanso kuchepa kwa kulowa kwake m'maselo. Zotsatira zake, minofu ya mthupi imayamba kufa ndi njala chifukwa chosowa shuga. Anthu omwe ali ndi insulin yotsika kwambiri adakulitsa ludzu, kumenyedwa koopsa ndi njala, kusakwiya, komanso kuyamwa pafupipafupi.

Kuperewera kwa insulini m'thupi kumawonedwa motere:

• Mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amtundu wa 1 amayamba chifukwa cha cholowa chamtsogolo, chifukwa chomwe kapamba sangathe kuthana ndi mahomoni. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ali pachimake ndipo zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo awonongeke mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi njala yayikulu komanso ludzu, osalolera kufa ndi njala, koma musanenepa. Amakhala ndi zoopsa, kutopa, kupuma movutikira. Mtundu uwu wa matenda osokoneza bongo sugwirizana ndi zaka ndipo nthawi zambiri umawonekera ubwana.
• Kuzunza. Kusowa kwa insulin kumatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi maswiti. Kudya kosayenera kungayambitsenso matenda a shuga.
• Matenda opatsirana. Matenda ena osachiritsika komanso opweteka kwambiri amachititsa kuti ziwonetsero zazing'onoting'ono za ku Langerhans komanso kufa kwa maselo a beta omwe ali ndi vuto lopanga insulin. Thupi limakhala loperewera mu mahomoni, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
• Kutopa kwamtundu ndi thupi. Ndi kupsinjika kosalekeza komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatha, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha kutsika.

Zambiri za insulin zimapezeka mu kanema:

Mwambiri, ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga omwe umayambitsa kuperewera kwa mahomoni. Nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala zowopsa pamoyo wamunthu. Zotsatira zamtunduwu wa shuga zimaphatikizapo hypoglycemia (kugwa kowopsa komanso kowopsa m'magazi am'magazi), komwe kungayambitse kuphwanya kwa hypoglycemic coma ndi kufa, ketoacidosis (kuchuluka kwa zinthu zama metabolic ndi matupi a ketone m'magazi), zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zonse zofunika zamthupi .

Popeza matendawa amatenga nthawi yayitali, mavuto enanso amatha kuchitika pakapita nthawi, monga matenda am'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zotupa m'miyendo, kulephera kwa impso, zilonda zam'mimba, kufooka miyendo, komanso kupweteka kosalekeza.

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