Umisiri wa Majini a Anthu a Insulin Isofan

Genetic engineering insulin-isophan (Insulin-isophan human biosynthetic)

Mndandanda wa kukonzekera komwe kuli yogwira insulin-isophan genetic engineering yaumunthu imaperekedwa atatha kufotokozera.

Zomwe zili mgawoli ndizopangira akatswiri azachipatala komanso azamankhwala ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito podzipatsa nokha mankhwala. Zambiri ndizongotchulidwa kokha ndipo sizingaganizidwe kuti ndizovomerezeka.

Zambiri, zikuonetsa kuti mugwiritse ntchito

Mankhwala ndi a gulu la insulin. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuthana ndi mawonetsero a shuga mellitus a fomu yodalira insulin.

Amapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a kuyimitsa jakisoni, chigawo chogwira ntchito chomwe ndi insulin yaumunthu. Kukula kwake kumakhazikitsidwa paukadaulo wa maumboni a DNA. Mankhwala amakhala pafupifupi nthawi yayitali.

Monga mankhwala ambiri m'gululi, Isofan iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati dokotala akuwalimbikitsa. Kuwerengera molondola kwa mankhwalawa ndikofunikira kuti musayambitse chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia. Chifukwa chake, odwala ayenera kutsatira bwino malangizo.

Yambani kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero. Dokotala wopezekapo nthawi zambiri amamuunikira kuti awone ngati mankhwalawo ndi oyenera komanso ngati pakusowa zotsutsana.

Imafotokozedwa ngati:

• mtundu 1 shuga
• lembani matenda ashuga a 2 shuga (ngati palibe zotsatira zochokera pakumwa mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemic kapena ngati zotsatirazi ndizochepa kwambiri),
• chitukuko cha matenda ashuga okhudzana ndi mimba (pomwe shuga sangathe kuwongolera ndi chakudya).

Koma ngakhale kukhala ndi matenda oyenera sizitanthauza kuti mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ali ndi zolakwika zingapo, ngakhale ndizochepa.

Kuletsa kokhazikika kumagwira ntchito kokha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi tsankho limodzi ndi mankhwalawa. M'pofunikanso kusamala posankha mlingo wa odwala omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chowonjezera cha hypoglycemia.

Pali mankhwala angapo omwe amachokera ku chinthu chotchedwa Isofan. M'malo mwake, ndi mankhwala amodzi ndi amodzi. Zomwezo ndizomwe zimapangidwira mu mankhwalawa, zimakhala ndizotsatira zoyipa ndi zotsutsana, kusiyana kumatha kuwonedwa pokhapokha pazomwe zimaphatikizira komanso dzina la malonda. Ndiye kuti, awa ndi mankhwala ofanana.

Zina mwa izo ndi:

Othandizira awa ndi fanizo la Isofan popanga. Ngakhale kufanana kwawo, wodwala yemweyo akhoza kuvuta kugwiritsa ntchito iliyonse ya iwo, ndipo posankha mankhwala ena, zovuta izi zimatha. Nthawi zina muyenera kuyesa mankhwala angapo musanasankhe omwe ali othandiza kwambiri pankhani inayake.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Zotsatira zakupezeka kwa chinthu ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cholumikizana ndi ma membrane am'mimba, momwe ma insulin receptor complex imapangidwira.

Maofesi ngati amenewa amathandizira kuti magwiridwe antchito a intracellular njira komanso kaphatikizidwe ka michere. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwake kayendedwe ake pakati pa maselo.

Izi zimathandizira kuti zimatengeke ndi minofu ndi ziwalo. Nthawi yomweyo, insulin imachepetsa kupanga shuga mu chiwindi. Komanso mchikakamizo chake, kupanga mapuloteni kumatheka, njira za glycogenogeneis ndi lipogenesis zimayendetsedwa.

Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa kumatengera momwe chinthucho chimagwirira ntchito mwachangu. Izi zimakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, njira yoyendetsera ndi tsamba la jakisoni. Chifukwa cha izi, mawonekedwe amomwe mankhwalawo ali osakhazikika. Zizindikiro zakuchita zitha kusiyanasiyana osati mwa anthu osiyanasiyana, komanso mwa wodwala m'modzi. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amayamba kuchita pambuyo pake patatha maola 1.5 jekeseni. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yake kumawonedwa mkati mwa maola 4-12. Mankhwalawa akupitiliza kukhudza wodwala pafupifupi tsiku limodzi.

Kuyamba kwake ndi ntchito ya kutsimikizika kumatsimikizidwanso ndi mlingo, ndende ya yogwira mankhwala ndi malo a jekeseni. Kugawitsako sikofanana. Thupi limalephera kulowa mu zotchinga, komanso mkaka wa m'mawere. Kuwonongeka kwa Isofan kumachitika mu impso ndi chiwindi, chimbudzi cha ambiri amachitidwa ndi impso.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu pakuchita bwino mu chithandizo cha mankhwala ndikutsatira malangizo a kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Kuphwanya kwawo kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa mwanjira yamavuto. Ichi ndichifukwa chake saloledwa kudzipangira pawokha kusintha kwa ndandanda yamankhwala yomwe adokotala adapereka.

Isofan insulin imapangidwira majakisoni amkati (nthawi zina, jakisoni wa intramuscular amagwiritsidwa ntchito). Ndikofunika kuti muwachite musanadye chakudya cham'mawa. Pafupipafupi jakisoni ndi nthawi 1-2 patsiku, ndipo nthawi yakukwaniritsa ikuyenera kukhala yomweyo.

Mlingo wa mankhwalawa amasankhidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuganizira zaka za wodwalayo, momwe akumvera insulin, ndi zina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusintha jakisoni popanda malangizo a adokotala ndikosavomerezeka.

Chofunikira china chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ndikusankha malo a jakisoni. Sayenera kuchitika mbali yomweyo ya thupi, chifukwa izi zitha kuyambitsa kusokonezeka komwe kumayamwa zinthu zogwira ntchito. Jekeseni paphewa, ma femur ndi gluteal madera amaloledwa. Mutha kuyikiranso mankhwalawo kukhoma kwamkati.

Phunziro la kanema pa njira yothandizira kuperekera insulin pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera:

Zochita Zosiyanasiyana

Kupezeka kwa zotsatira zoyipa kuchokera ku insulin Isofan sikwachilendo, ngati mutsatira malamulowo. Koma ngakhale ndi mwambo wawo, kuthekera kwa mawonekedwe oyipa amakanena.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika:

1. Hypoglycemia. Maonekedwe ake amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin. Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala kusazindikira, kukokana, kupweteka mutu, nseru. M'madera ovuta kwambiri, wodwala amafunika kuthandizidwa mwachangu.
2. Ziwengo. Musanalembe mankhwala, kuyesedwa kwa zinthu zomwe zikuyenera kugwira ntchito kuyenera kuchitidwa. Koma ngakhale machitidwe osamala, nthawi zina thupi limakumana ndi zotupa kapena zotupa za Quincke. Choopsa kwambiri ndi mantha a anaphylactic.
3. Zizindikiro zakomweko. Amapezeka m'malo opangira jakisoni. Mawonetsedwe akulu amatha kutchedwa kuyabwa, redness ndi kutupa kwa khungu. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika pokhapokha pokhapokha pakalandira chithandizo, ndipo zimadutsa thupi litazolowera mankhwalawo.

Pakakhala bongo, wodwalayo amatha kuchepa kwambiri shuga m'magazi, omwe amachititsa hypoglycemia. Njira zoletsa izi zimadalira kuuma kwake. Nthawi zina kuchipatala ndikuthandizidwa ndimankhwala kungafunike.

Kuchita ndi malingaliro ofunikira

Isofan insulin iyenera kuphatikizidwa molondola ndi mankhwala ena. Popeza matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta ndi matenda ena, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.

Koma si onse omwe ali oyenererana. Mankhwala ena amatha kukulitsa zotsatira za wina ndi mnzake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi bongo wambiri komanso zotsatirapo zake zoyipa.

Pogwirizana ndi Isofan, othandizira otere ndi:

• Mao ndi ACE zoletsa,
• beta blockers,
• manzeru
• anabolic steroids
• othandizira omwe ali ndi hypoglycemic effect,
• mankhwala okhala ndi mowa,
• sulfonamides, etc.

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amayesetsa kupewa kugawana mankhwala a insulin komanso mankhwalawa. Koma ngati izi sizingatheke, ndikofunikira kusintha Mlingo wa onse.

Pali mankhwala omwe, m'malo mwake, amachepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwalawo mukufunsidwa, ndikupangitsa chithandizo kukhala chothandiza.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• okodzetsa
• glucocorticoids,
• kulera kwa mahomoni,
• Mitundu ina ya mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa.

Ngati ndi kotheka, atenge nthawi yomweyo ndi insulin, muyenera kusankha mlingo woyenera.

Kusamala kuyeneranso kuonedwa poyerekeza ndi salicylates ndi reserpine, yomwe imatha kukhala yolimbikitsa komanso yofooketsa.

Mukamamwa mankhwalawa, muyenera kusiya kumwa pafupipafupi. Kumayambiriro kwa mankhwala a insulin, kuwongolera njirayi kuyenera kupewedwa, chifukwa chidwi cha wodwalayo komanso kuthamanga kwake kungakhale kovuta.

Sinthani mankhwalawa ndi wina popanda chidziwitso cha dokotala sayenera kutero. Ngati mukumva zosasangalatsa, muyenera kumuuza katswiri za iwo komanso iye kuti mudziwe kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe angagwiritse ntchito bwino.

Mukatenga isofan insulin

• Matenda a shuga ndi mtundu II ndi II.
• Hypoglycemic mkamwa kukana gawo.
• Pochita pamodzi mankhwala, kukana pang'ono mankhwala a gulu lino.
• Type II matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati.
• Matenda apakati.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a insulin isofan

Zokhudzana ndimomwe zimapangitsa kagayidwe kazakudya:

1. kutulutsa thukuta kopitilira muyeso
2. njala
3. kukopa kwa pakhungu
4. kugwedezeka, tachycardia,
5. chisangalalo
6. mutu
7. paresthesia mkamwa,
8. kwambiri hypoglycemia, yomwe imakhala yofupika ndi kukula kwa chikumbumtima cha hypoglycemic.

Mawonekedwe a mziwi wawo ndi osowa kwambiri:

• Edincke's edema,
• zotupa pakhungu
• anaphylactic mantha.

• Nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo chamankhwala chosakhalitsa,
• kutupa.

1. Kutupa ndi kuyabwa m'jekeseni,
2. Hyperemia,
3. lipodystrophy m'dera la jakisoni (wogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali).

Hypoglycemia Chithandizo

Wodwala amatha kuthana ndi hypoglycemia pakudya chidutswa cha shuga, maswiti kapena zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ndi shuga, ma cookie, maswiti kapena msuzi wa zipatso limodzi nawo.

Masewera a hypoglycemia, wodwalayo akapanda kuzindikira, 40% ya dextrose kapena glucagon amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha.

Insulin yomaliza yopanga ma genulin imatha kuperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha yonse komanso modutsa. Chikumbumtima chikadzabweranso mwa munthu, amafunika kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri, izi zimalepheretsa kukonzanso kwa hypoglycemia.

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Mlingo wa SC umatsimikiziridwa ndi katswiri aliyense payekhapayekha. Zimakhazikika pamlingo wa glucose m'magazi a wodwala. Wapakati tsiku lililonse mankhwalawa amasiyana 0,5 mpaka 1 IU / kg, zimatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso mikhalidwe ya wodwalayo, momwe amathandizira ndi insulin isofan ya anthu komanso majini.

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala a isofan insulin, monga mankhwala opangira munthu komanso chibadwa, amalilowetsa mu ntchafu, koma jakisoni amatha kupangira khosi, khoma lamkati lakumbuyo, komanso minyewa yoluma ya phewa. Kutentha kwa mankhwala operekedwa kuyenera kukhala kutentha kwa chipinda.

Njira zopewera kupewa ngozi

Pakati pa gawo la anatomical, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe gawo la jekeseni. Izi zikulepheretsa kukula kwa lipodystrophy. Ndi chithandizo cha insulini, muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuphatikiza pa chakuti insulin yaumunthu komanso yachibadwa imatha kupitilira, zomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia zitha kukhala:

1. kudumpha chakudya
2. kusanza, kusanza,

Matenda omwe amachepetsa kufunikira kwa hormone-insulin (pituitary, pituitary, adrenal cortex, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, matenda a impso ndi hepatic),

1. m'malo mankhwala
2. kusintha kwa jekeseni,
3. zochita zolimbitsa thupi,
4. mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena.

Ngati insulin yaumunthu komanso ya chibadwa imayikidwa pafupipafupi kapena kuti mulingo woyenera, hyperglycemia imatha kuchitika, zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono (maola angapo kapena masiku). Hyperglycemia imatsatana ndi:

• mawonekedwe a ludzu
• kamwa yowuma
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• kusanza, kusanza,
• kusowa kwa chakudya
• chizungulire
• Kuuma ndi redness pakhungu,
• kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.

Ngati chithandizo cha panthawi yake cha hyperglycemia sichingatheke ndi matenda a mtundu woyamba, matenda oopsa kwambiri a matenda ashuga, ketoacidosis, amatha.

Mu matenda a Addison, chithokomiro choperewera, chiwindi ndi impso, hypopituitarism ndi matenda osokoneza bongo okalamba, ndikofunikira kusintha mankhwalawa ndikuwunikira insulin yaumunthu komanso yachilengedwe.

Kusintha kwa mlingo kumafunikanso ngati wodwalayo amasintha zakudya zomwe amakonda kapena amawonjezera mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi.

Insulin yaumunthu komanso genetic yomwe imapangidwira imachepetsa kulolera kwa mowa. Pokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wa insulin, cholinga chake chachikulu, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kotsika kwa kuthekera koyendetsa magalimoto kapena kuwongolera njira zosiyanasiyana.

Phunziro silikulimbikitsidwa pazinthu zina zowopsa zomwe zimafuna kuti munthu azikhala ndi chidwi komanso kuthamanga kwa magalimoto ndi malingaliro.

Mitengo ya Isofan ku pharmacies ku Moscow imachokera ku ruble 500 mpaka 1200, kutengera mlingo ndi wopanga.