Matenda a shuga okalamba

Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge nkhaniyi pamutuwu: "matenda okalamba a shuga" ndi ndemanga za akatswiri. Ngati mukufuna kufunsa funso kapena kulemba ndemanga, mutha kuchita izi pansipa, nkhaniyo itatha. Katswiri wathu wamtundu wa endoprinologist adzakuyankhirani.

Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga amakula mwa anthu okalamba ndipo owopsa ndi chiani?

Matenda a shuga amatenga matenda oopsa kwa anthu, amafunika kuwunika momwe alili komanso ndalama zofunika kuwonetsetsa kuti alandila mankhwala.

Mavuto omwe amatha kuyambitsa matenda ashuga - matenda a impso, chiwindi, mavuto a mtima. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire moyenera komanso munthawi yake.

Kukana kwa insulin kumawonedwa osati mwa okalamba. Masiku ano, odwala ndi ana ang'onoang'ono amapezeka ndi matendawa. Koma funso lofunikira kwambiri lidakali la anthu omwe zaka zawo ndi zopitilira 55. Kodi chifukwa chake ndi chiyani, momwe mungadziwire zoyambira zoyambitsa matenda a shuga?

Monga kafukufuku wazachipatala, matenda a shuga, makamaka mtundu II, amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a chibadwa (80% cha matenda). Pali zinthu zina zachiwiri zomwe zimathandizanso kuti matendawo atukuke.

Makamaka, ndikofunikira kudziwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga:

• kunenepa kwa zovuta zilizonse. Zili mu lipid metabolism kuti pamakhala chiopsezo chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi metabolite wodekha m'thupi,
• zovuta pamlingo uliwonse komanso nthawi yayitali. Kwa munthu wachikulire, mkhalidwe wopsinjika kamodzi ndi wokwanira, motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwake komwe kumakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, arrhythmia ndi secretion yowonjezera ya cortisol (mahomoni opsinjika). Chifukwa chokhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse, thupi limatha kuchita molakwika, kudzutsa mawonekedwe a insulin,
• moyo wongokhala komanso kupatula zakudya zopatsa thanzi (zam'phaka, mafuta a nyama) zochokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zimayambitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga.

Odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 50 nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mahomoni okhala ndi zotsutsana. Kuyambira kuyambira m'badwo uno, pali kutengera kwachilengedwe kwa kupanga kwakukulu kwa mahomoni STH, ACTH, ndi cortisol.

Poyerekeza ndi momwe izi zimachitikira, kulolerana kwa glucose kumachepa. Mwakuchita izi, zizindikiro zosinthidwazo ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga, zonse ziwiri.

Endocrinologists amati zaka 10 zilizonse (pambuyo pa 50):

• shuga amasintha mozungulira 0,055 mmol / l (pamimba yopanda kanthu),
• kuchuluka kwa glucose mu biomatadium (plasma) pambuyo 1.5-2 maola atatha chakudya chilichonse chikuwonjezeka ndi 0,5 mmol / L.

Izi ndi zitsanzo zapakati zokha, zomwe m'moyo zingasiyane.

Mwa munthu wachikulire, mosasamala kanthu za kudziwikiratu, kuchuluka kwa HCT (glucose m'magazi) kumasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zingapo, zomwe zimafotokozedwa pamwambapa kuti ndizoyambitsa kwachiwiri. Zotsatira zake zimakhala chiopsezo chambiri kapena chotsika cha matenda amtundu wa II omwe amapuma pantchito.

Kuti mumve tsatanetsatane wa vutoli, ndikofunikira muzowunikira momwe magazi amapangidwira pambuyo pake pakudya (pambuyo pa maola awiri). Kuwonjezeka kwa ziwonetsero kukuwonetsa kuti pali zovuta zina mthupi, zomwe mu ukalamba zimatanthawuza kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga .ads-mob-1

Kuphwanya kulekerera (kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro za plasma) ku glucose mu ukalamba nthawi zambiri kumachitika pazifukwa zingapo:

• kutsika pambuyo pazosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka mu minofu yomverera kwa insulin,
• kuchepa kwa kapamba, makamaka, katulutsidwe ka insulin,
• mphamvu ya ma insretins (mahomoni) imachepetsedwa chifukwa cha zaka.

Njira ya matenda a shuga a mtundu II omwe amakhala nawo pakati pa penshoni imalemedwa ndi zinthu monga kukhalapo kwa ziwalo zingapo za matenda.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za endocrinologists, 80% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa kale anali ndi matenda oopsa kapena dyslipidemia. Zinthu zotere zimafuna chithandizo chapadera (prophylactic kapena inpatient).

Pambuyo pamankhwala ena pamatenda omwe ali pamwambapa, zotsatira zoyipa zimachitika: kuphwanya kwa chakudya cham'mimba ndi lipid metabolism. Izi zimasokoneza metabolic metabolologies omwe amafunikira kuwongolera odwala matenda ashuga.

Kutsimikiza kwa odwala okalamba kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Monga lamulo, odwala kapena abale awo samalabadira zomwe sizinatchulidwe, zomwe, pakadali pano, ndizizindikiro zofunika zakukula kwa matenda ovuta.

Kutopa, kugona, kusinthasintha kwa ma virus komanso matenda pafupipafupi - izi ndi chizindikiro cha munthu wokalamba.

Chifukwa chake, ambiri safuna upangiri, chifukwa zisonyezo zonse ndi zaka. Pakadali pano, ndizizindikiro izi, komanso kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi omwe amatengedwa omwe akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matendawa.

Monga matenda ena aliwonse okalamba kapena osachedwa, matenda ashuga ali ndi mfundo zingapo zowopsa zomwe ndizofunikira kuziganizira kwa odwalawo komanso abale awo:

• mtima mavuto (macroangiopathy a mitsempha yayikulu ndi yapakatikati),
• microangiopathy kapena kusintha kwa ma arterioles, capillaries, venule (atherosulinosis),
• matenda a mtima opita patsogolo
• chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha myocardial infarction,
• chiopsezo chowonjezeka,
• atherosulinosis ya ziwiya zamapazi.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti microangiopathies (atherosulinosis) imakula mwa anthu achikulire mwachangu komanso koyambirira kuposa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ofanana ali aang'ono. Poyerekeza ndi maziko a matenda a shuga, matenda osokoneza bongo monga kuchepa kwa masomphenya (kutsiriza khungu), kuyang'ana kumbuyo, ndikuyendetsa ma mandala kuwonekera.

Pamaso pa matenda a impso, nephroangiopathy, matenda a pyelonephritis amakhala. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala matenda a matenda ashuga. Njirayi imayendetsedwa ndikumverera kuchepa kwa khungu kumiyendo, nthawi ndi nthawi kumakhala kumverera kwakukwawa, ndipo khungu lonse limakhala louma, ngati pepala la minofu .ads-mob-2

Ngati mukukayikira shuga, dokotala amakupatsani kafukufuku wambiri (kawiri) wamagazi a m'magazi:

• glycated hemoglobin,
• khalidi albin,
• shuga yosala kudya (plasma)> 7.0 mmol / l - chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga,
• shuga m'magazi kuchokera ku chala> 6.1 mmol / L ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga.

Ndikofunika kuganizira umboni wa mkodzo kupezeka kwa shuga, acetone. Kuyesedwa ndi dokotala wamaso, ma neurologist amaonedwa ngati ovomerezeka.

Odwala ambiri, akuyembekeza machiritso mothandizidwa ndi malingaliro osavuta, amayamba mkhalidwe wovuta, ndikupangitsa kukhazikika kwa matenda a shuga.

Shuga pamkhalidwe uwu amaposa chizindikiro cha 30 mmol / l (pamlingo wochepera 5), ​​kuyankhula kumakhala kotsika, malingaliro amakhala osagwirizana. Osangokhala ma cell a ubongo omwe amawonongeka, komanso ziwalo zonse zamkati. Ads-mob-1

Kulankhula za chithandizo pankhaniyi ndikovuta kwambiri. Ntchito yake ndi kuti adotolo apulumutse moyo ndikusintha moyo wabwino. Chithandizo chamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi njira yokhayo yoyenera yomwe ingakhazikitse thanzi, pokhapokha ndikukhazikika.

Ngati kuli kotheka kukhazikika m'magulu a shuga, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma increatins (mimetics, GLP-1). Koma, mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti moyo wabwino umadalira momwe wodwalayo amakhalira, ndipo njira zambiri zochiritsira zimakhala ndi kuchepetsa shuga. M'tsogolomo, wodwalayo amangoyang'anira zakudya, akumalandira malangizo a dokotala.

Mankhwala okhazikika:

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga kunyumba ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imathandizira magawo oyamba a matenda popanda kudalira insulin. Kugonjera mahomoni kulibe.

Ndikotheka kusintha mkhalidwe, kukulitsa chikhululukiro cha matendawa ndi njira zotsimikiziridwa:

• Buckwheat ndi kefir. Zopera zofunikira (makamaka osati yokazinga) mu kuchuluka kwa 1 tbsp. l kutsanulira mu kapu ya kefir usiku, ndikumwa m'mawa. Chitani izi kwa mwezi osachepera
• decoction of bay tsamba. Thirani masamba 8-10 ndi madzi otentha, ndiye kuthira madzi otentha (600-700 gramu). Lolani kuziziritsa, tengani pakamwa popanda theka lagalasi kwa masiku 14,
• nyemba zophika. Amachetsanso shuga bwino. Ingophatikizani muzakudya zanu,
• decoction wa akufa njuchi. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti tizilombo ta uchi sayenera kudwala. Kuphika njuchi 20 mumalita awiri amadzi kwa maola awiri. Tengani 200 magalamu patsiku.

Chinthu chachikulu ndi matenda a shuga, ngakhale atakhala amtundu wanji, ndizolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya zoyenera.

Musachotse nsomba zamafuta (zam'madzi), nyama, ndi zakudya zonse zopezeka m'mafuta a cholesterol.

Ndikofunikira kupatula makeke abwino ndi zinthu zophika.

Nthawi zambiri, tebulo lazakudya ndi dokotala yemwe amatsogozedwa ndi zizindikiro zofufuzira, mkhalidwe wa wodwala ndi pathogenesis yamatenda. Kutsatira malamulo onse kumathandizira kukulitsa zotsatira zamankhwala omwe amamwa mankhwala.ads-mob-2

Zokhudza matenda a shuga okalamba mu kanema:

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Matenda a shuga mu okalamba ndi mdani wodekha wodekha, yemwe amapezeka nthawi ikachedwa ... Lero ndikufuna kukweza mutu wofunikira kwa ambiri, ndipo, makamaka, kwa ine. Kupatula apo, abale anga nawonso adakumana ndi chisoni chifukwa chobisalira matenda ashuga.

Nthawi zambiri amalembera kuti odwala okalamba njira yamatendawa ndi yokhazikika komanso yoyipa (yofatsa). Ndipo mavuto akulu amakumana ndi izi, chifukwa:

• Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga mwa anthu okalamba, onenepa kwambiri, chili pafupifupi 90% mwa okalamba.
• Mwa mwambo wachisoni, anthu omwe ali pambuyo pa Soviet Union sakonda kuwona madokotala, chifukwa chake, pakakhala kuti palibe zoonekeratu, matenda ashuga amatha kupitilira zaka zambiri.

Ndi zovuta zonsezi, nthendayi mwa anthu okalamba, zovuta chifukwa chosagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kusowa kwa chithandizo kungawononge moyo. 90% ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa anthu okalamba. Mtundu woyamba ndi wosowa kwambiri, ndipo umagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a pancreatic.

Vuto la mtima ndi trophic. Zilonda zam'mimba za atherosclerotic zingayambitse matenda ashuga komanso ndizovuta zake. Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi kupenya kwamaso, kupweteka kwa mtima, kutupa kwa nkhope, kupweteka kwa mwendo, matenda am'mimba, ndi matenda amtundu.

Coronary atherosulinosis mu matenda ashuga amapezeka katatu konse mwa amuna ndi kanayi mwa akazi kuposa mwa anthu opanda matenda a shuga. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi myocardial infarction. Izi ndi zomwe zidachitikira agogo anga aakazi.

Ndipo owopsa kwambiri alibe ngakhale kukhudzidwa mtima, koma kuti ndi matenda a shuga simungathe kukokomeza glucose - chithandizo chachikulu chokhalira ndi mtima. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo ndi kuchira ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga ndi omwe amafa.

Okalamba odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 amapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi ndipo nthawi 60 mwa amuna amakhala ndi gangrene NK (malekezero otsika).

Vuto linanso la matenda ashuga ndi matenda amkodzo thirakiti (1/3 ya odwala).

Mavuto omwe amapezeka m'magazi ndi monga matenda ashuga retinopathy ndi "senile", omwe m'mayendedwe odwala matenda ashuga amakula msanga kuposa anthu athanzi.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga okalamba ndi okalamba ndi kovuta. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwazaka za impso, ubale wobisika pakati pa hyperglycemia ndi glycosuria (kusowa kwa shuga mumkodzo ndi magazi ake okwanira) kumawonedwa.

Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse kwa anthu onse azaka zopitilira 55, makamaka ndi matenda oopsa komanso matenda ena kuchokera pamndandanda wazovuta, ndikofunikira.

Kuyenera kudziwidwa kuti mu ukalamba pali overdiagnosis ya matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, kwa anthu ambiri opitilira 55, kulekerera kwa chakudya kumachepetsa kwambiri, kotero poyesa, shuga wokwanira amatanthauziridwa ndi madokotala ngati chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga.

Pali malo okalamba, pomwe odwala matenda ashuga amawagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse okalamba, ndipo matenda ashuga amapezeka kale. Mukuwongolera nyumba zokwerera ndi malo osungirako okalamba noalone.ru mupeza mabungwe opitilira 800 m'mizinda 80 ya Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus.

Zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuchiza komanso kupewa matenda ashuga okalamba. Ngakhale kuchepa thupi kwambiri ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera shuga m'magazi.

Monga mtundu wodziimira payekha, matenda a shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ofatsa.

Odwala okalamba ambiri amamvera mankhwala ochepetsa shuga a pakamwa.

• sulfonamide (butamide, etc.) Kuchepetsa kwa shuga kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika chifukwa cha kukondoweza kwa kubisika kwa insulin yokha mwa maselo a kapamba. Amawonetsedwa kwa matenda ashuga kuposa zaka 45.
• khwawa (adebit, phenformin, etc.). Amasintha zochita za insulin mthupi chifukwa chakuchulukana kwakukulu kwa kuphatikizika kwa minyewa yamthupi ya glucose. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi matenda ashuga ochulukirapo okhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Odwala a zaka za senile ndi mankhwala, shuga yokhazikika iyenera kumakhazikika pena paliponse pokhapokha ngati sichoncho. Inde, ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga, njira ya adrenaline imayatsidwa, yomwe imakweza magazi ndikuyambitsa tachycardia, yomwe motsutsana ndi maziko a atherosulinosis ingayambitse zovuta za thromboembolic, infarction ya myocardial kapena stroko.

Kuti athane ndi zovuta zambiri za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, mankhwala amathandizidwa kuti azisintha kagayidwe kamkati mthupi:

• mavitamini B ndi C
• nicotinic acid
• missterron
• Kukonzekera kwa ayodini
• lipocaine
• methionine
• retabolil
• panangin ndi ena

Komanso, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kamvekedwe ka mtima komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi, komanso kuphatikizika kwa magazi. Zonse ziwiri zamankhwala othandizira okosijeni komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta.

1. 
   Rozanov, V.V.V.V. Rozanov. Nyimbo. M'mavoliyumu 12. Gawo 2. Chiyuda. Saharna / V.V. Rozanov. - M: Republic, 2011 .-- 624 p.
2. 
   Zolemba A.V. Endocrine syndromes. Kuzindikira komanso kulandira chithandizo, GEOTAR-Media - M., 2014. - 416 c.
3. 
   Akhmanov, Matenda a Mikhail muukalamba / Mikhail Akhmanov. - M: Nevsky Prospect, 2006 .-- 192 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusayiti, kukambirana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.