Excecretory ndi intrasecretory pancreatic ntchito

Mu duodenum ndi projimalum ya jejunum, njira yayikulu ya kugaya chimachitika. Zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi madzi a pancreatic, madzi a Brunner gland, ndi bile.

Zikondwerero

Amapereka madzi a pancreatic mu kuchuluka kwa 1.0-2.0 l / tsiku. Iye ali isotonic magazi am'madzi ndipo ali ndi pH = 8.0-8.6. Kapangidwe ka kapamba wamadzimadzi amaphatikizapo:

1. Zinthu zopanda pake - sodium bicarbonate. Ntchitoyi ndikuyipitsa chyme acidic pamimba, ndikupanga pH yoyenera ya michere.

2. Zinthu zachilengedwe - michere:

ñ mapuloteni - akhale osawoneka bwino (popewa kudzimbidwa kwa ndulu). Mitundu yama protein - trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, procarboxypeptidase. Mu duodenal lumen, ma enzyme amathandizira ndi enterokinase, omwe amamasulidwa ndi khoma lamatumbo motsogoleredwa ndi hydrogen ions, ndipo mitundu yogwira ya proteinase (trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase) imapangidwa yomwe imaphwanya mapuloteni,

ñ lipases ndi phospholipases. Ma lipase amasulidwa mu mawonekedwe akugwira ndikuphwanya mafuta osagwira nawo ntchito, ndipo ma phospholipases amatulutsidwa osagwira ntchito, omwe adapangidwa ndi bile acid kapena trypsin ndikuphwanya phospholipids,

ñ ma amylase - alpha ndi beta amylase amawononga wowuma ndi glycogen kuti ataye kutulutsa,

ñ ma nucleases - ribonuclease ndi deoxyribonuclease chikhazikitso acid acid.

Mu malamulo katemera wa pancreatic amasiyanitsa magawo monga:

1. ubongo kapena zovuta Reflex. Zimachitika mchikakamizo cha makonda komanso opanda mawonekedwe. PSNS imathandizira kubisalira, zoletsa za SNA,

2. chapamimba - zinthu zowunikira kuchokera ku chemo- ndi mechanoreceptors am'mimba zimathandizira kubisalira. Horoni gastrin imapangitsa mwamphamvu kubisala kwa madzi a pancreatic,

3. matumbo - zinthu zowunikira kuchokera ku chemo- ndi mechanoreceptors a duodenum amawongolera kapangidwe ka gland juice. Homoni wa duodenum secretin amalimbikitsa mapangidwe a sodium bicarbonate, ndipo cholecystokinin-pancreosimine amathandizira kubisalira kwa michere.

Chimbudzi cham'mimba ndi parietal m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.

1. Chimbudzi amapezeka mu lumen pamimba ndi nawo pancreatic michere ndi michere kuchokera quocamated enterocytes. Zinthu zomwe sizingatheke kuyamwa zimapangidwa - oligopeptides, oligosaccharides, di- ndi monoglycerides.

2. Chimbudzi cha Parietal (poyera ndi Malasha) imapezeka pa glycocalyx. Glycocalyx Ndi njira yolumikizira zingwe za polysaccharide yolumikizidwa ndi milatho ya calcium. Imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

ñ amalimbitsa makina a khoma lamatumbo,

ñ ndi sume wamaso,

- sichitha tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa ma cell am'mimba,

- michere ya adsorb pamwamba pake.

ñ Kuno ma oligomers amakwilidwa kuti achepetse.

3. Chimbudzi cha Membrane ikuchitika ndi enterocyte michere. Kupukusa kwa masamba kwa ma monomer kumachitika, kenako kumizidwa.

Physiology ya mayamwidwe m'mimba.

Kusintha kwa zinthu kuchokera m'matumbo kumka m'magazi kapena m'mimba.

Kuphatikiza Mapuloteni titha ingokhalani ana. Kuyamwa kwa ma immunoglobulin komwe kumakhala mkaka wa amayi kumachitika.

Mayamwidwe wa Amino acid ikuchitika ndi limagwirira yogwira zoyendera, limodzi ndi zoyendera sodium ayoni. Kuphatikizika kwa mitundu itatu ya zinthu pamalungo apical: protein protein + amino acid + sodium ion. Vutoli limalowa mu khungu kokha ngati muli ma ayoni ochepa a sodium mkati mwa cell. Chifukwa chake, pampanda ya basolateral pali pampu ya sodium-potaziyamu, yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi mphamvu ya ATP ndikutulutsa sodium m cell.

ñ Glucose ndi Galactose odzipereka yachiwiri yogwira mayendedwe ogwirizana ndi ayoni ayoni.

ñ Mannose ndi pentoses kudutsa m'mawu osavuta,

ñ Pangani - zimathandizira kusokonekera.

Mafuta a hydrolysis zamafuta ndi phospholipids kumachitika ndi nawo ndulu acid.

- Glycerin ndi mafuta amfupi a ma asidi (mpaka ma atomu 12 a kaboni) amalowa m'magazi mwa kulowetsedwa kosavuta.

ñ Mafuta achete amtundu wamtundu amaphatikizana ndi bile acid, monoglycerides ndikupanga zovuta zotchedwa ma micelles. Micella imayandikira kuphatikizidwa kwa membryte wa enterocyte, ndipo ma asidi a bile amakanikiza mafuta acids ndi monoglycerides kulowa mu cell. Mu ma enterocytes pamimba ya endoplasmic reticulum, kuyambiranso kwa mitundu yeniyeni ya triglycerides ndi phospholipids kumachitika, komwe kumalowa mu zovuta za Golgi, kenako ndikuphatikizana ndi mapuloteni, cholesterol ndi chylomicrons amapangidwa. Ma Chylomicrons amalowa m'mimba.

ñ Mafuta mavitamini sungunuka kudutsa ngati gawo la ma micelles ndi ma chylomicrons.

ñ Madzi osungunuka (C, B1, B2, B6) kudutsa kuphatikizika kosavuta,

ñ B12 ndi folic acid amadziphatika kuti aphatikizidwe ndi Castle mkati mwa chinthu komanso poyendetsa.

Yona kashiamu, chitsulo, mkuwa amayenda mothandizidwa ndi mapuloteni onyamula. Sodium imadutsa kuphatikiza kosavuta komanso kuphatikiza ndi amino acid, glucose. Anyezi amapita kudzera pama electrochemical, madzi - motsatira gradient ya osmotic.

Tsiku Lowonjezera: 2018-08-06, Views: 139, ORDER JOB

Udindo wa zofunikira m'thupi

Chimbudzi chimatulutsa ma enzyme ndi mahomoni osiyanasiyana. Ali ndi "ntchito" ziwiri - iyi ndi ntchito ya pancreas (mayina ena - endocrine, intracretory) ndi exocrine ntchito - exocrine ntchito.

Chiwalo chamkati chimakhala m'mimba. Chimakwanira khoma lakumbuyo kwam'mimba, komwe kumakhala koyambirira kwa vertebrae yoyamba. Apa ndi pamwamba pa msomali mainchesi 10 pafupi ndi mbali yakumanzere.

Chachilendo cha chiwalo ndichoti chimakhala ndi magawo angapo. Amagawidwa kumutu ndi mchira, komanso thupi. Kuchita kwa kapamba ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa chiwalo chonse. Pakakhala vuto, kugaya chakudya mwadzidzidzi kumawonedwa. Ngati vuto lanyumba la pancreatic lapezeka, matenda a shuga amayamba mwa akulu ndi ana.

Ngati kuli kwina, kapamba angayang'anitsidwe ngati gawo logaya chimbudzi, lomwe lili ndi magawo awiri - tiziwalo tambiri tambiri ndi njira zomwe pancreatic secretion imalowera mu duodenum.

Nthawi zambiri, kulemera kwa chiwalo sikokwanira 80 g, imapanga pafupifupi 1500-2000 ml ya kapamba wa pancreatic patsiku, yomwe imayambitsa katundu wina. Chinsinsi chimayenda limodzi ndi zamchere, zimapangitsa kuti madzi am'mimba asadye chakudya asanalowe chilonda cha 12 duodenal. Izi ndizofunikira kuti hydrochloric acid isawononge mucous membrane.

Mutu wa kapamba umakhala pafupi ndi duodenum, m'malo ano umadutsa duct wamba, yolumikizana ndi njira yomwe imayendetsa bile.

Ntchito kapamba

Kuwongolera kwa kapangidwe ka madzi a pancreatic ndi njira yamagulu ambiri yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ena. Zochita zamaselo omwe amagwira ntchito, zomwe zimathandizira kupanga zinthu zofunika, zimayendetsedwa ndi zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje.

Kuyesa kambiri kwa asayansi kwawonetsa kuti ntchito ya kapamba imangokulira osati kokha ngati chakudya chilowa mthupi, komanso pamadya, kununkhira chakudya, kapena kungonena. Ntchito zoterezi zimachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya gawo lamanjenje.

Nawo, gawo la parasympathetic limakulitsanso zochitika zapancreatic kudzera mu mphamvu ya mitsempha ya vagus. Ndipo dipatimenti yachifundo yamanjenje imayang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa ntchito yogaya chakudya.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwabwino kwa kapamba kumachitika chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwam'mimba. Ngati acidity yowonjezereka yapezeka, imatsogolera pakukulitsidwa kwa makina, chifukwa chake, kupanga michere yamagayilo kumawonjezeka.

Kuwonjezeka kwa acidity ndi kukulitsa kwa duodenum kumathandizanso kukulitsa zigawo zomwe zimayang'ana pakulimbikitsa kugwira ntchito kwa gland. Izi zimaphatikizapo secretin ndi cholecystokinin.

Zowongolera sizangolimbikitsidwa, kuwonjezera ntchito yake, komanso zolepheretsa. Ntchitoyi ndi yaumunthu wamanjenje wachifundo kudzera:

Kusintha kwodabwitsa kwa ziwalo zamkati kumadziwika: imasinthasintha kuzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, kutengera zomwe anthu amakonda. Ngati pali mapuloteni ambiri mu chakudya - trypsin amapangidwa makamaka, ngati mafuta - ndiye lipase.

Ntchito ya procrine

Ntchito za exocrine ndi intrasecretory zama kapamba zimayambitsa njira zambiri mthupi la munthu. Ntchito ya procrine imawonedwa pakudya chakudya. Monga tanena kale, chitsulo chimatha kupanga mpaka 2000 ml ya kapamba wa pancreatic patsiku.

Ndi chinsinsi ichi chomwe chimathandizira kugaya chakudya, chifukwa chimaphatikizapo michere yokumba yomwe imaphwanya tinthu tomwe timalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya.

Kuwonongeka kwa chakudya cham'mimba, mapuloteni ndi mafuta ku ma molekyulu ang'onoang'ono amadziwika, omwe nawonso amaphwanyidwa ndi ma enzymes kupita ku boma zovomerezeka, ndipo pambuyo pake amadziwidwa m'matumbo.

Madzi a pancreatic amalowa mu duodenum - amadziwika ndi kupanikizika komweku kwa osmotic ndi madzi a m'magazi. Zambiri mwa izo ndi madzi ndi electrolyte, yaying'onoyo imakhala ndi ma enzyme. Masautso a ma electrolyte amasinthasintha.

Masana, kapamba amapanga mapuloteni 20 ofunda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi mwa kutulutsa zinthu za enzyme limakhala ndi gawo lalikulu mthupi. Kutulutsa kwa ma enzymes kumachitika chifukwa cha kukondoweza kwa ziwalo. Njira yochotsa zinthu za enzyme m'maselo ndizosapanga ma enzyme. Nthawi zambiri secretogens amayendetsa mwachindunji kutulutsa kwa mapuloteni kuchokera ku cell yokhala.

Ma enzymes omwe amayambitsa hydrolysis ya mapuloteni omwe amapezeka m'matumbo amatsimikizika mu mawonekedwe osagwira ntchito. Uwu ndi mtundu wa chitetezo cha kapamba kuti adziwaye. Enzymes amathandizira kokha mu duodenum 12. Woyambitsa ndi Enterokinase, wopangidwa ndi matumbo a m'mimba.

Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa chodabwitsa cha ma enzyme.

Intracretory ntchito

Insulin cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, glucagon, m'malo mwake, kumawonjezera zomwe zili. Ngati akusowa kwa insulin, ndiye kuti matenda osachiritsika amapezeka - matenda a shuga. Zimachitika pang'ono, kapena sizipangidwapo konse.

Izi matenda am'mimba ndi amodzi mwa matenda ovuta kwambiri a kapamba a katulutsidwe amkati. Panthawi ya matenda ashuga, magwiridwe antchito amkati amachitika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta. Poyerekeza ndi maziko a kusowa kwa kukonza glycemia, pali chiwopsezo osati thanzi, komanso moyo wa wodwala.

Matenda a shuga ndi amtundu awa:

1. Mtundu woyamba umadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa insulin, pomwe glucagon ili pamlingo wabwinobwino kapena pang'ono pamlingo wovomerezeka.
2. Mtundu wachiwiri wamatenda umachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a insulin yachilendo, komabe, chizindikiro cha insulin kukana chikuwonekera.

Ntchito yamkati yokhudzana ndi kapamba imasokonezeka chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana - kusintha kwokhudzana ndi zaka m'thupi, kuperewera kwa thupi, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugaya matenda am'mimba, matenda ammimba, zina.

Kuteteza Kapangidwe ka Organ

Pakakhala vuto mu kapamba, mavuto ndi ntchito ya ziwalo zina zamkati ndi kachitidwe zimawonedwa. Zikondamoyo zimawoneka ngati "chosawoneka bwino" chomwe chimakumana ndi katundu kawiri chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake.

Matenda a gland amakhala ndi mbali ziwiri. Itha kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso (Hyperfunction) kapena pang'onopang'ono (hypofunction). Ndi kutupa, kapamba amadziwika. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndikuphwanya njira yogaya chakudya.

Kuwonongeka kwa gland kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda ena. Izi zimaphatikizapo gastritis, duodenitis, zotupa zam'mimba ndi duodenum. Zina zomwe zimaphatikizidwazo ndi cholecystitis, bysary dyskinesia, cholelithiasis ndi matenda ena.

Monga prophylaxis yovuta pantchito kapamba, muyenera kutsatira malangizo otsatirawa a akatswiri azachipatala:

• Lekani kusuta, chepetsa kumwa mowa,
• Pewani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• Khalani ndi moyo wathanzi - chakudya chamagulu, masewera - masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusambira, aerobics yamadzi,
• Nthawi zina amayesedwa ndi dokotala, kupimidwa kwa ndulu,
• Pitani ku gastroenterologist kamodzi pachaka.

Poletsa kapamba, chidwi chambiri chimalipiridwa pazakudya. Popeza oposa 70% ya milandu ya kapamba amadziwika kuti ali ndi zizolowezi zoyenera kudya komanso kumwa mowa kwambiri. Muyenera kudya pang'ono, pafupipafupi, m'malo ochepa. Chitani zokonda zamasamba ndi zipatso, zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri.

Kukanika kwa pancreatic kumawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Ngati pali ululu pamimba, matenda am'mimba, mseru, ndi zizindikiro zina, tikulimbikitsidwa kupita ku chipatala kuti mukafufuze.

Kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe kake kamene kamakambirana mu kanema munkhaniyi.