Zatsopano mankhwalawa matenda a shuga a 2: njira zaposachedwa ndi zomwe zikukula

Insulin yodalira matenda a shuga a mellitus (mtundu woyamba) imafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin moyo wonse. Izi ndichifukwa mawonetsedwe ake amapezeka pomwe zosaposa 5-10% zama cell zomwe zimatsalira zikupezeka. Sangapatse wodwala insulini kuti amwe shuga, chifukwa chake, kudya pafupipafupi ndikofunikira. Werengani m'nkhani yathu yokhudza nthawi komanso chithandizo chomwe chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a shuga 1, zolinga zamankhwala.

Werengani nkhaniyi

Kodi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga ndi chiani?

Mankhwala a insulin ndiye njira yayikulu yakuthandizira, koma siokhayo. Ndikofunikanso kupewa kuthamanga mwadzidzidzi mu glucose m'magazi. Izi zimafuna:

• muchepetse chakudya chamafuta ochepa,
• onetsetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mitsempha yotupa yomwe imayambitsa kulumala ndi kufa.

Chifukwa chake, zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi sizitaya kufunika kwake, ngakhale mutayesa bwanji kuti insulin ikhoza kuthana ndi mavuto onse a odwala matenda ashuga. Pochita, ngakhale ndi chithandizo choyenera, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi m'magazi a shuga pamene pali kuphwanya zakudya, kumamwa mowa, kusowa jakisoni kapena kudya.

Kuzindikira kwa wodwalayo komanso kuyesetsa kwake kuti akhale athanzi labwinobwino ndizochita zazikulu pakuthandizira. Komanso, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa momwe angawerengere mankhwalawo mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa, malinga ndi kapangidwe kazakudyazo, zambiri, matenda opatsirana, zochitika zovuta, mosamala kuchuluka kwa glycemia (shuga). Kwa izi, maphunziro apadera ndi kuwunikira maluso omwe apezeka ndi endocrinologist amaperekedwa.

Maphunziro okwanira a shuga (mellitus) amakwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa shuga (mmol / l):

• pamaso chakudya - 5.1-6.5,
• nsomba nditadya - 7.5-9.9,
• Madzulo asanagone - 6-7.5.

Kuphatikiza apo, chizindikiro cha hemoglobin cha glycated chimawunikidwa, chomwe chikuwonetsa kusinthasintha kwa glucose wamagazi kwa miyezi itatu musanawonedwe. Iyenera kukhala pagulu la 6.2-7,5 peresenti.

Ndipo pali zambiri popewa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa kalori kokwanira komanso kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya sikumasiyana ndi zakudya za munthu wathanzi. Ndi 16:24:60. Pankhaniyi, odwala ayenera kusiya shuga, ufa oyera, nyama yamafuta, zakudya zamchere kwambiri komanso zonunkhira, kuchepetsa kwambiri mowa.

Zofunikira zosafunikira pamenyu ndizopanga zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri osavuta:

• mphesa, nthochi kucha, mango,
• confectionery (kuphatikizira ambiri olembedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga),
• masiku, wokondedwa,
• mpunga woyera, semolina, vermicelli,
• misuzi yokonzedwa, timadzi tokoma, msuzi wokoma, manyumwa, ma toppings, zoteteza, masosefa ama mafakitale,
• ayisikilimu
• zotsekemera zokhotakhota.

Pazakudya ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito:

• nyama yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso nsomba zimaphika kapena kuphika,
• masamba abwino, owira, otentha,
• Zipatso zopanda zipatso ndi zipatso monga.

Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mbatata, kaloti owiritsa ndi beets. Zamkaka zimalimbikitsidwa mafuta ochulukirapo popanda zowonjezera. Amaloledwa kudya kuchokera ku chimanga chonse komanso buledi wonyezimira ochepa, poganizira kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu ambiri. Chakudya chimatengedwa m'magawo ochepa, nthawi 4-5 patsiku, makamaka nthawi imodzi.

Chakudya chimatengedwa m'magawo ochepa, kangapo 4-5 patsiku

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Katundu aliyense amakhala ndi kuchepa kwa glycemia. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa glucose pogwira ntchito m'maselo am'misempha komanso kuwonjezeka kwa insulin. Ndikofunika kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo malinga ndi zomwe mwakonzekera osati kungokhala nthawi yayitali, komanso kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Wophunzira tsiku lililonse 20-30 mphindi sekondale amasintha mtundu wa 1 shuga. Izi ndichifukwa cha:

• Kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin,
• kusintha kwa mayamwidwe mafuta ndi mafuta,
• kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kazinthu kazinthu kakang'ono ndi ma cell
• kutsegula kwa dongosolo la fibrinolysis - magazi amathanso kukhala amadzimadzi, akuyenda, mapangidwe amitsempha yama magazi omwe amatchinga magazi amatsekemera,
• Poyankha pazinthu zopsinjika, ma adrenaline ocheperapo ndi mahomoni ena amatulutsidwa omwe amasokoneza zochita za insulin.

Onerani kanemayo pa masewera olimbitsa thupi a matenda ashuga:

Zotsatira zake, sikuti chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima (diabetesic angiopathy) amachepetsedwa, koma ngakhale ndi makalasi nthawi zonse ndizotheka kukwanitsa kuwoneka koyenera pakuchitika kwa magazi, kupirira kwathunthu kwa thupi.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga 1

Chithandizo chachikulu cha odwala ndi insulin. Ndi kuyambitsa kwake, zizindikiritso za chakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta zimapangika modabwitsa, ludzu limachepa, kuyenda kwamikodzo kwamkodzo, komanso kulemera kwa thupi kumakwera. Zochita za mahomoni opanga zimangobwereza zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe. Cholinga cha padziko lonse lapansi cha insulin therapy ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.

Insulin yotetezeka kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri yomwe imapezeka ndi ma genetic engineering. Amasiyana pakachitidwe kake.

Onani

Chiyambireni chochita, mphindi kuchokera kumayambiriro

Peak maola pambuyo subcutaneous jakisoni

Kutalika kwa maola onse

Mayina amalonda

Mwachidule

Ultra lalifupi

Yapakatikati

Chokhalitsa

Kuphatikizidwa

Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo amamulembanso mankhwala olimbikitsidwa - katatu theka la ola chakudya chachikulu chisanachitike, pa maola 22 a insulin yayitali. Njirayi imayandikira kumasulidwa kwakuthupi kwa insulin. Mahomoni nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi secretion ya basal (nthawi zonse mumakhala magazi ochepa) komanso amasinthidwa - poyankha kudya kwamagulu.

Njira zina zochizira matenda a insulin ndikuyambitsa insulin yayitali m'mawa, komanso jekeseni waifupi komanso wamkati musanadye kadzutsa, musanadye chakudya chamadzulo, pakati asanadye. Kusankha kwadongosolo kumadalira moyo wa wodwala, zaka, kuchuluka kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi, komanso chidwi cha insulin.

Chithandizo cha Sanatorium ndikukonzanso

Njira zolimbitsa thupi zimaperekedwa kwa mitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga, bola akaperekedwe. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, ntchito ya zikondwerero zimayenda bwino, kayendetsedwe kazinthu kamene kamayendetsa mtima, kumawonjezera kukana kwathunthu kwa thupi.

Kutheka kwakukulu kumatha kupezeka ndikuphatikiza zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zakuthupi. Izi zimachitika munthawi ya chithandizo cha spa. Odwala amalandila chakudya, moyang'aniridwa ndi mlangizi wa zochita zolimbitsa thupi, amalimbitsa thupi komanso amaphunzira kuwongolera mwamphamvu, amaphunzira njira zodzilimbitsira.

Kusintha mapangidwe ndi katulutsidwe ka insulin, gwiritsirani ntchito kapamba:

• electrophoresis ya heparin, nikotini acid, magnesium, mkuwa, zinc,
• ma pulse currents (sinusoidal modated),
• chithandizo chachikulu cha DMV,
• ultrasound
• maginotherapy.

Njira zodziwika bwino zopangira matenda ashuga a mtundu 1 zimaphatikizaponso:

• electros sleep - ma calms, amachepetsa kupanikizika, amathandizira kuyamwa kwa okosijeni ndi glucose ndi minyewa ya ubongo,
• transcranial electroanalgesia by pulsed currents - imasinthasintha zochitika za dongosolo la boma, imathandizira kutopa ndi kupweteka kwa mutu,
• mtsempha wamagazi wamitsempha - kumawonjezera ntchito ya chitetezo chathupi, kumapangitsa kagayidwe kachakudya ka magazi, kumalepheretsa kupitilira kwa atherosulinosis,
• General radiotherapy - imabwezeretsa ma microcirculation, minofu metabolism,
• Hyperbaric oxygenation magawo - kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi, kutsitsa shuga, kumapangitsa chidwi cha insulin,
• kudya kwa mchere wam'madzi - kumapangitsa chiwindi ndi kapamba, kumalimbitsa ntchito yamatumbo, yomwe imatsuka thupi la glucose owonjezera ndi cholesterol,
• osambira ndi okosijeni, radon, turpentine, hydrogen sulfide, ayodini-bromine - sinthani kagayidwe, ntchito yamtima ndi mantha.

Njira zoperekera insulin

Chikhalidwe komanso chofala kwambiri ndi njira ya jakisoni. Amapereka chogwiritsa ntchito syringe kapena cholembera. Izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa odwala chifukwa chakufuna kubwereza pakhungu mobwerezabwereza, kusamalidwa koyenera kwa chosawilitsidwa ndi jekeseni wa subcutaneous.

Njira ina komanso yolimbikitsira ndi pampu ya insulin. Ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatulutsa insulin pamalamulo oyang'anira. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya pampu, mutha kukonzeratu njira yoyendetsedwera, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ndi insulin yochepa kapena yochepa kwambiri. Mpweya wambiri wodya ma hormone ukuyandikira kwa wathanzi.

Pampu za m'badwo watsopano zakhala zophatikizika, pali zitsanzo popanda kulumikizana ndi machubu, ndipo koposa zonse, ntchito zowonjezera zawonekera mwa iwo:

• muyeso wa shuga
• kuyang'anira
• kusintha kwa mlingo malinga ndi kusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mwadzidzidzi, chipangizo chonyamula ma CD chomwe chimagwira ntchito zonse za kapamba chimatha kuwonekera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangafunikire kutenga nawo mbali wodwalayo pamawu a glycemia, omwe amachitika mthupi lathanzi.

Kuwongolera kwachiwiri ndikusaka kwa mwayi wopereka insulin mu inhalations kapena mapiritsi. Gawo lomaliza la kuyesa kwa insulin ya ultrashort pogwiritsa ntchito tekinoloji ya Technosphere yolembera jakisoni m'mphuno ikuchitika. Zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi chigamba cha insulin, chomwe ndi chosungira chaching'ono ndi mahomoni okhala ndi singano zazing'ono kwambiri.

Chigoba cha insulin

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala owonjezera komanso ochita nthawi yayitali pamsika akupitiliza, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni.

Gawo la kafukufuku wa zasayansi ndi insulin, yomwe:

• yambani kuchita zinthu mwachangu kuposa zachilengedwe,
• kukhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yochititsa chifuwa,
• alibe mphamvu yakutali yosasintha (samalimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo komanso magawikidwe nthawi yayitali).

Onani vidiyo yokhudza matenda a shuga 1:

Kupandukira kwa kapamba

Pafupifupi 200 ntchito yopatsirana yachitika padziko lapansi, ziwalo zonse ndi ziwalo zake, zovuta ndi duodenum, impso, ndi chiwindi. Kuchita kwawo kumakhalabe kotsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kupulumuka koyipa kwa kapamba ndi kufunika kwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kukana komwe kumachitika.

Kuwongolera kwatsopano kwawonetsedwa m'derali. Amavomerezedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito maselo a stem ndi reprogram kupanga insulin. Asayansi aku America adasiyanitsa khungu la khungu ndikusinthidwa kukhala dzira losakhala nyukiliya.

Zotsatira zake zinali mawonekedwe am'mimba ambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kusinthidwa kukhala okhwima ndi ntchito zilizonse. Chiwerengero chokwanira cha ma islet B maselo anapangidwira wodwala wazaka makumi atatu, ndiye adayambitsidwa mu minofu ya pancreatic.

Katemera wa DNA

Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune komwe kumapangitsa mbali ya kapamba, katemera wokhazikika adalengedwa. Siziwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira, koma m'malo mwake, pambuyo pa utsogoleri, zimathandizira kuti T-lymphocyte asasinthe. Maselo ndi omwe amayambitsa kufa kwa minofu yomwe imapanga insulin.

Zotsatira za kuyamwa kwa mankhwalawa, ndi dzina lomwe likugwira BHT-3021, zomwe C-peptide ikukula zikuwonjezeka. Zimawonetsa kukula kwa mapangidwe a insulin yake yomwe. Chifukwa chake, titha kuganiza kuti pancreas njira yobwezeretsa ntchito yayamba. Ubwino wa njirayi inali kusapezeka kwa zotsatirapo zilizonse zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito katemera. Kukonzekera kwa immunobiological kunachitika kwa milungu 12, ndipo zotsatira zake zinapitilira miyezi iwiri.

Ndipo izi ndizokhudza kukhudzidwa kwa matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amafuna chithandizo cha insulini kwa moyo wonse, zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Insulin yothandiza kwambiri komanso yotetezeka yomwe imapezeka ndi ma genetic engineering. Mapangidwe ake ogwiritsira ntchito akuyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mtundu wachilengedwe chobisalira. Kuphatikizanso kwazomwe zimaphatikizapo physiotherapy, chithandizo cha spa.

Njira zatsopano kwambiri ndizotsatsa: Pulogalamu ya insulin, kukulira njira jakisoni wa insulin, jakisoni wa katemera wa DNA, kupatsirana kwa maselo obwezeretsedwa.

Kulephera ndi matenda a shuga kumapangidwa, kutali ndi odwala onse. Apatseni, ngati pali vuto lodzithandiza nokha, mutha kulipeza ndi kuyenda kochepa. Kuchotsedwa kwa ana, ngakhale ndi shuga yemwe amadalira insulin, ndi kotheka pazaka za 14. Gulu liti ndipo amalembetsa kuti?

Kuchita chithandizo cha matenda ashuga mwachizolowezi kumaloledwa pa mitundu yonse 1 ndi mtundu 2. Komabe, pokhapokha pakupitiliza mankhwala. Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito? Ndi chithandizo chiti chomwe amalimbikitsa kwa okalamba?

Hypoglycemia imapezeka mu matenda osokoneza bongo osachepera kamodzi mu 40% ya odwala. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro zake ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kuti muyambe kulandira chithandizo munthawi yake ndikukhala ndi prophylaxis yokhala ndi mtundu 1 ndi 2. Usiku ndizowopsa.

Matenda a matenda ashuga amapewedwa mosasamala mtundu wake. Ndikofunikira mu ana panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati. Pali zovuta zoyambira ndi sekondale, pachimake komanso mochedwa mu mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2.

Kuti mumvetsetse mitundu ya shuga yomwe ilipo, kudziwa kusiyana kwawo kungakhale molingana ndi zomwe munthu amatenga - amadalira insulin kapena pamapiritsi. Ndi mtundu uti wowopsa kwambiri?

Chithandizo chatsopano cha matenda a shuga 1

Matenda a mtundu woyamba amakula chifukwa chosowa kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba, ndipo insulini ya mahomoni siipangidwa m'thupi la odwala matenda ashuga. Chithunzi cha chipatala ndichachikulu, Zizindikiro zake zimakhala pang'onopang'ono.

Pamtima pa nthendayi, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndikuwonongeka kwa maselo omwe amatulutsa timadzi m'thupi la munthu. Choyambitsa chomwe chimayambitsa zovuta izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Muzochita zamankhwala, zofunikira zoyambitsa matenda zimasiyananso: matenda amtundu wamavuto, kupsinjika, kuvutika kwamanjenje, kusokonekera kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, njira zatsopano zawonekera zomwe zimadalira maselo a chiwindi chosinthika, ndipo kuthekera kwawo kwa kutulutsa insulin mothandizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mankhwala.

Pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, njira zotsatirazi zingathe kusiyanasiyana:

• Kuika mafuta kwamafuta. Kafukufuku wachipatala awonetsa kuti njirayi imawonjezera kukula kwa shuga m'thupi, kumachepetsa kufunika kwa kutalika kwa mahomoni.
• Asayansi apanga chipangizo chokhala ngati chida chapadera chowerengera chidziwitso, chomwe chimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito chosindikizira cha laser.
• Mankhwala anapangidwa mwa njira ya katemera amene amathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi 'kuphunzira' kuti chisawombere maselo omwe amapanga mahomoni m'thupi. Mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, zoletsa zotupa zimachitika, zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi kapamba.
• Mu 2016-2017, inhaler yatsopano idapangidwa yomwe imalowetsa glucagon mwachindunji. Amakhulupirira kuti chipangizochi ndichosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo mtengo wake siwokwera kwambiri.

Mwa zinthu zatsopano, munthu amatha kusankhidwa ndi kampani ya Sanofi-Aventis, yomwe imatchedwa Lantus Solontar. Kutengera lingaliro la madotolo, uwu ndi mankhwala otere, chifukwa chomwe mutha kulipirira mtundu woyamba wa matenda posachedwapa.

Mankhwala Lg-GAD2 ndi chida chapadera chomwe chimathandiza kuimitsa kuukira kwa chitetezo cha mthupi pama cell a pancreatic, chifukwa chomwe ndikotheka kukhalabe ndi maselo ena ogwira ntchito.

Nkhani Zapadziko Lonse Zokhudza Matenda a shuga a Type 1

Monga mukudziwa, mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1 umayamba chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mphamvu ya maselo kapamba kupanga insulin.

Matenda oterewa adanenapo zofunikira komanso kukula msanga.

Kuphatikiza pa kubadwa kwa cholowa, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oterewa zimatha kukhala matenda opatsirana, kusokonezeka kwa manjenje, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chitetezo chathupi komanso ena.

M'mbuyomu, kuukira kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kunali kotheka ndi jakisoni wa insulin. Posachedwa, zopambana zachitika m'derali.

Tsopano matenda a shuga a mtundu 1 amatha kuthandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito maselo a chiwindi osinthika ndikutha kwawo kupanga insulin pansi pazinthu zina.

Insulin Yopitilira - Kupambana Kwambiri Kwambiri

Monga mukudziwa, insulin yamakono, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu odwala matenda ashuga, imatenga nthawi yayitali, ikuthandizira kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono m'magawo a shuga, komanso kuthamanga.

Kuti khazikike bwino, odwala amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse iwiri ya mankhwala. Komabe, ngakhale kuphatikiza mwaluso kwa mndandanda wa mankhwalawo sikuloledwa kupeza mphamvu yayitali.

Chifukwa chake, kwa zaka zambiri, insulin yopitilira idakhala loto kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Posachedwa, asayansi adakwanitsabe kusintha.

Zachidziwikire, sikuti insulini yokhazikika, zikutanthauza kuperekedwa kamodzi kwa mankhwalawo. Komabe, njira iyi ndi gawo lalikulu patsogolo. Tikukamba za insulin yochita zinthu kwa nthawi yayitali, yopangidwa ndi asayansi aku America.

Mphamvu yotalikirapo imatheka chifukwa cha kuphatikizira kwa polymer pazomwe zimapangidwira, zomwe zimaloleza kupereka thupi ndi mahomoni GLP-1 ofunikira kuti mukhale athanzi motsatira dongosolo la kukula kwakutali.

Kuika mafuta kwamafuta

Asayansi akhala akuyesa njirayi kwa nthawi yayitali, koma akatswiri okha ndi omwe atha kutsimikizira phindu lake.

Kuyesaku kunachitika pa makoswe a labotale, ndipo kugwira ntchito kwake kunali kwodziwikiratu.

Pambuyo pochulukitsa, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi kunachepa ndipo sikunawonjezeke pakapita nthawi.

Zotsatira zake, thupi silifunanso insulin yayikulu.

Ngakhale zili ndi zotulukapo zabwino, malinga ndi asayansi, njirayi imafunikira zowonjezera zowerengera ndi kuyesa, zomwe zimafuna ndalama zambiri.

Kusintha kwa maselo a tsinde kukhala maselo a beta

Madotolo adatha kutsimikizira kuti kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga kumachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimayamba kukana maselo a beta omwe amayambitsa kupanga insulini mu kapamba.

Komabe, posachedwa, asayansi adatha kuzindikira ma cell ena a beta mthupi, omwe, malinga ndi akatswiri, ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, atha kusintha kwathunthu mlengalenga wokanidwa ndi chitetezo chokwanira.

Zinthu zina zatsopano

Palinso zinthu zina zatsopano zopangidwa polimbana ndi matenda a shuga.

Njira imodzi yotsogolera, yomwe akatswiri pakadali pano ali ndi chidwi chachikulu, ndikupeza maselo atsopano a pancreatic pogwiritsa ntchito 3D kusindikiza kwa zimakhala zatsopano.

Kuphatikiza pa njira yomwe tafotokozayi, chitukuko cha asayansi aku Australia chimafunikanso chisamaliro chapadera. Adapeza kupezeka kwa hormone GLP-1, yomwe imayang'anira kupanga insulin, poyizoni wa echidna ndi pulypus.

Malinga ndi asayansi, mu nyama, zochita za timadzi timeneti zimaposa zochita za anthu pankhani ya kukhazikika. Chifukwa cha izi, zinthu zomwe zimachotsedwa poizoni wa nyama zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga mankhwala atsopano a antiidiabetes.

Zatsopano mu Type 2 Shuga

Ngati tikulankhula za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa matendawa ndi kutaya mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ma insulin ndi maselo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga wambiri komanso mahomoni omwewo athe kudziunjikira m'thupi.

Malinga ndi madotolo, chifukwa chachikulu cha kusamvetseka kwa thupi ku insulini ndikudzikundikira kwa lipids mu chiwindi ndi minofu ya minofu.

Poterepa, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhalabe m'magazi. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wachiwiri amagwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin kawirikawiri. Chifukwa chake, kwa iwo, asayansi akupanga njira zosiyana pang'ono kuti athetse zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Njira yopatukana ndi mitochondrial

Njirayi idakhazikitsidwa pachiweruziro kuti chifukwa chachikulu chakukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda am'mimba ndikuwunjikana kwa lipids mu minofu ndi maselo a chiwindi.

Pankhaniyi, asayansi adagwira ntchito yochotsa mafuta owonjezera mumthupi mu minofu pogwiritsa ntchito kukonzanso kosinthika (imodzi mwazinthu za FDA). Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa lipid, khungu limabwezeretsanso kudziwa insulin.

Pakadali pano, mankhwalawa akuyesedwa bwino mwa zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa. Komabe, ndizotheka kuti kwa munthu zitha kukhala zothandiza, zothandiza komanso zotetezeka.

Incretins - gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamankhwala

Ma insretins ndi mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsa kupanga insulin. Kumwa mankhwala a gululi kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kukhazikika pathupi, kusintha kwabwino mu mtima ndi m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Ma insretins samachotsa kukula kwa hyperglycemia.

Glitazones ndi mankhwala atsopano omwe amapangidwira kuti chiwonjezere mphamvu za maselo kuti apange insulin.

Mapiritsi amatengedwa panthawi ya chakudya ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi. Ngakhale kuti Glitazones imapereka zotsatira zabwino, ndizosatheka kuchiritsa matenda a shuga pogwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ngati amenewo.

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mosalekeza kuchokera ku gululi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta: edema, fragility mafupa, kulemera.

Maselo a tsinde

Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, mankhwalawa athetse matenda am'mimba sangakhale othandiza pakulimbana ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri.

Njirayi imaphatikizapo magawo awiri. Choyamba, wodwalayo amapita kuchipatala, komwe amakamwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe (magazi kapena magazi a ubongo).

Kenako, maselo amatengedwa kuchokera ku gawo lomwe adatengedwa ndikufalikira, ndikuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwawo pafupifupi kanayi. Pambuyo pake, maselo omwe angobadwa kumene amalowetsedwa m'thupi, pomwe amayamba kudzaza malo owonongeka a zimakhala.

Magnetotherapy

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amatha kuthandizidwa ndi magnetotherapy. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chipangizo chapadera chomwe chimatumiza mafunde pamagetsi.

Magetsi amakhudzidwa amakhudza ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe ake (mu izi, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima).

Mothandizidwa ndi mafunde a maginito pali kuwonjezeka kwa kayendedwe ka magazi, komanso kuphatikizidwa ndi mpweya. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga motsogozedwa ndi mafunde a zida zamagetsi kumachepa.

Mankhwala amakono kuti muchepetse shuga

Mankhwala amakono omwe amathandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi amaphatikiza Metformin kapena Dimethyl Biguanide.

Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, kumapangitsa kuti maselo azikhala ndi insulini, komanso kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga m'mimba ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi oxidation wamafuta acids.

Kuphatikiza ndi wothandiziridwayo, Glitazone, insulin ndi sulfonylureas angagwiritsidwenso ntchito.

Kuphatikiza kwa mankhwalawa sikungangopeza zotsatira zabwino, komanso kuphatikiza zotsatira.

Zomwe zapezedwa posachedwa popewa matenda

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Chimodzi mwazomwe zatulukira zomwe sizimalola kumenya nkhondo ya hyperglycemia zokha, komanso kupewa kuyambika kwa matendawa, ndikuchotsa lipids ku maselo a chiwindi ndi minofu.

Ngakhale pali njira zingapo zopangira nzeru, njira yothandiza kwambiri yopezera thanzi ndikutsatira zakudya.

Ndikofunikanso kuiwala za kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa komanso kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi kuti munthu akhale ndi tsogolo labwino.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

About njira zatsopano zochizira matenda amtundu 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga mu kanema:

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga, ndipo mukufuna kuyesa imodzi mwazomwe mungapangire chithandizo, dziwitsani dokotala. Ndizotheka kuti mitundu iyi ya mankhwalawa ithandizira kupeza zotsatira zomwe mukufuna ndikuchotsa matenda a hyperglycemia kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Kukhalapo kwa thupi lathu ndikosatheka popanda kulowa kwa glucose mu selo iliyonse. Izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati pali insulin ya mahomoni. Amalumikizana ndi cholumikizira chapadera ndikuthandizira molekyu ya glucose kulowa mkati. Ma cell a pancreatic amapanga insulin. Amatchedwa maselo a beta ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa m'misukulu.

Ma glucagon amakhudzanso kusinthana kwa shuga. Amapangidwanso ndi ma cell a pancreatic, koma amakhala ndi zotsutsana. Glucagon amadzutsa shuga m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga ndi amitundu iwiri. Mtundu woyamba, insulin siipangidwa konse. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune m'maselo a beta. Chifukwa cha izi, glucose onse amayenda m'magazi, koma osalowa mu minofu. Matenda amtunduwu amakhudza ana ndi achinyamata.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, insulin imapangidwa. Komabe, ma receptor omwe amapezeka pamwamba pa maselo amataya chidwi chawo ndi mahomoni. Kulumikizana kwa insulini ku cholandirira sikuti chizindikiritso cha kulowa kwa glucose mu cell. Zotsatira zake zimakhalanso ndi njala ya minofu ndi shuga wamagazi owonjezera. Matendawa ndiofala pakati pa anthu opitirira 40 omwe onenepa kwambiri.

Type 2 shuga

Cholinga chachikulu ndicho kuchepetsa magazi. Zimatengera zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kulemera kwa thupi. Kutalika kwake, kumtunda kumakhala kudya shuga m'magazi ndikatha kudya.

Chotsatira chabwino chitha kupezeka mwa kuchepa thupi. Pali nthawi zina pamene wodwala yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda adatsata mosamalitsa zakudya ndikuchepetsa thupi. Izi zinali zokwanira kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kwamisempha yamagazi ndi kusiya mankhwala.

Mankhwala atsopano

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2 amayamba ndi mapiritsi. Metformin yoyambirira yoyambirira, ngati kuli kotheka, mulumikizeni mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la sulfonylurea. Posachedwa, magulu awiri azachipatala atsopano ayambika.

Gulu loyamba ndi mankhwala a glyphlozin gulu. Limagwirira awo zochita zachokera kuwonjezeredwa kwa shuga mu mkodzo. Izi zimabweretsa kutsika magazi. Zotsatira zake, kupanga insulin ndi maselo ake a beta amayamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali glyphlozines kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa odwala ambiri.

Mankhwala othandiza, mankhwala a gululi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. The yogwira ndi dapagliflozin. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a mzere wachiwiri ndikusagwira bwino kwa chithandizo cha chikhalidwe.

Gulu lachiwiri ndi ma incretin mimetics, ndiye kuti, zinthu zomwe zimatsutsana nawo. Ma insretins ndi mahomoni apadera omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo a khoma lamatumbo atatha kudya. Amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose mukatha kudya. Mu matenda a shuga, kubisala kwawo kwachilengedwe kumachepetsedwa. Chofunika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi glucagon-peptide (GLP-1).

Pali magulu awiri m'gulu lino. Gulu limodzi limatulutsa ma enzyme omwe amawononga ma insretin awo. Chifukwa chake, zochita za mahomoni awa zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa masiku onse. Mankhwalawa amatchedwa glyptins.

Zili ndi zotsatirazi:

1. Yambitsani kupanga kwa insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimachitika pokhapokha kuchuluka kwa glucose kukwera kuposa pamimba yopanda kanthu.
2. Pondani chinsinsi cha glucagon ya mahomoni, omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
3. Phatikizani kuchulukitsa kwa maselo a beta a kapamba.

Njira zonsezi zimayambitsa kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi. M'dziko lathu, mankhwala omwe ali ndi yogwira chinthu sitagliptin, vildagliptin ndi saxagliptin adalembetsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi ma endocrinologists ngati mankhwala a mzere wachiwiri.

Gulu lina ndi agonists a GLP-1 receptors. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachita ngati glucagon-like peptide receptors ndikutsanzira mphamvu zake. Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira zazikulu, amachepetsa kuchotsa m'mimba ndi matumbo. Zimathandizanso kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi komanso kuchepa kwa chilakolako cha kudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mosalekeza kumapangitsa kuti muchepetse thupi.

Mankhwala amodzi okha a gululi amaperekedwa pamsika waku Russia. Zake zogwira ntchito ndi exenatide, zimapezeka mwanjira yothetsera jakisoni. Komabe, mankhwalawa sankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wapamwamba.

Njira zopangira opaleshoni

Masiku ano, opaleshoni ya bariatric ikuchulukirachulukira. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga pankhaniyi chimatsikira kunkhondo yolimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri pakuchita opareshoni. M'dziko lathu, njira ngati imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. 70% ya zochitika zoterezi zimachitika ku Moscow. Chinsinsi cha kulowererapo ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa m'mimba kapena kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa matumbo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti muchepetse kuchepa thupi, matendawa amasavuta kapena amachira kwathunthu.

Kuyesedwa kwa odwala otere zaka zisanu atatha kulowererapo kunawonetsa kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatuwo linachotsa matendawa, ndipo wina mwa atatuwo adachotsa insulini.

Ndi mitundu yonse yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala ndi njira zatsopano, maziko a chithandizo cha matenda a shuga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake komanso kuti azidziyang'anira pawokha.

Malingaliro atsopano pochiza matenda amtundu 1 shuga

Mwachikhalidwe, matenda a shuga a 1 amathandizidwa ndikuyambitsa insulin kuchokera kunja. Ndizosavuta kuchita izi mothandizidwa ndi pampu ya insulin, yomwe imakhala pansi pakhungu nthawi zonse. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni.

Koma chithandizo cha insulin sichimakupulumutsani ku zovuta. Monga lamulo, amakula ndi matenda nthawi yayitali zaka makumi angapo. Uwu ndi zotupa za impso, maso, mitsempha ya mitsempha. Mavuto amachepetsa kwambiri moyo ndipo amatha kudwala.

Njira yatsopanoyi ikukhudzana ndi chithandizo cha ma cell. Asayansi anakakamiza maselo a gland kuti apange insulin. Nthawi zina, amakhala ndi mahomoni ochepa.

Kuyesaku kunachitika pa makoswe momwe matenda a shuga anapangidwira. Poyesererapo, maselo amtundu wathunthu ankayang'aniridwa mwa nyama ndi kutukuka pansi mwapadera. Nthawi yomweyo, adakhala ndi mwayi wopanga insulini yofanana ndi ya cell ya beta ya kapamba. Kuchuluka kwake kunadalira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, monga zimachitika mwa munthu wathanzi. Kenako maselo amenewa analowetsedwa m'mimba.

Pambuyo kanthawi, adapezeka mu zikondamoyo za nyama zoyesera. Palibe maselo otseguka m'mimba omwe amapezeka mu ziwalo zina zam'mimba. Miyezi ya shuga ya m'magazi inatsika msanga. Ndiye kuti, poyesa, chithandizo cha matenda ashuga omwe anali ndi njirayi adachita bwino.

Ndibwino chifukwa maselo ake omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mosiyana ndi kuperekera minofu yaopereka, zochita zakukana sizimadzilekanitsa konse. Palibe chiopsezo chotupa chotupa chomwe asayansi amawona akamagwira ntchito ndi masentimita am'mimba.

Zomwe zimapangidwazo zikuwonetseredwa padziko lonse lapansi. Tanthauzo la zomwe apezazi ndizovuta kuzikhulupirira. Zimapatsa chiyembekezo kupangitsa mtundu woyamba wa shuga kukhala matenda ochiritsika.