Zizindikiro za shuga yayikulu m'magazi: chithandizo

Mphindi 9 Wolemba Lyubov Dobretsova 1238

Mlingo wa shuga wamagazi (mu mankhwala - glycemia) umawonetsa mkhalidwe wa kagayidwe kazakudya, komanso kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe ndi mayamwidwe a insulin. Mu thupi lathanzi, glycemia imakhala ndi zokhazikika zomwe zimayenderana ndi kupezeka mkati mwa thupi.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga (hyperglycemia) kumawonetsa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kuperewera kwa mahomoni. Mwambiri, chizindikiro chazachipatalachi chimapezeka kuti ndi matenda a shuga kapena prediabetes (mkhalidwe wofowoka shuga.).

Zizindikiro zazikulu za shuga zamagazi akulu mwa abambo ndi amayi ndi ofanana. Kusiyana pakati pa mawonekedwe amphongo amphongo kumalumikizidwa ndi njira zolerera komanso kubereka, zomwe ntchito zake zimadalira kukhazikika kwa mahomoni.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwina kwa thupi ndikosatheka popanda glucose. Ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu komanso gwero la kadyedwe ka minyewa ya ubongo ndi ubongo. Kutulutsidwa kwa glucose m'thupi kumachitika pakuwonongeka kwa chakudya chamagulu am'mimba komanso m'magazi a gluconeogeneis (mapangidwe a amino acid).

Mafuta amkatiwo amawakonzanso pang'ono ndi chiwindi kupita kumalo osungirako mafuta ochulukirapo (glycogen), pang'ono - amatengedwa ndi magazi kupita ku minofu ndi ma cell omwe amagwiritsa ntchito insulin. Kodi chifukwa chiyani kulephera kwamphamvu kwa thupi la glucose kumachitika? Udindo waukulu umachitika ndi kuperewera kwa insulin.

Ngati kapamba satulutsa kuchuluka kwa timadzi tambiri timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timakhala ndi "njala". Kuchuluka kwambiri kwama mahomoni ena (adrenaline, glucagon, thyroxine) kungalepheretse zovuta zachilengedwe za insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakasokonezeka kagayidwe kazinthu, minofu ya thupi imatha kuzindikira insulin, ndipo popanda "conductor" glucose sangalowe modziyimira payokha m'magazi am'magazi ndikukhalabe m'magazi (owonjezera).

Msuzi wabwinobwino

Mlingo wa glycemia umatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyezetsa magazi (capillary - kuyambira chala kapena venous). Kusiyana mu deta ndi 12%. Muyeso womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito paziwonetsero za zasayansi ndi milionle imodzi lita imodzi (mmol / l), kuchuluka kwa gluarose.

Pakakhala kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kagayidwe kake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a capillary kuli ndi mtengo wokhazikika:

• kuyambira 3.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l ali munjala,
• osaposa 7.8 mmol / l - mukatha kudya.

Mfundo zomwe zimapezeka posanthula magazi ndi izi:

• kuyambira 3,7 mpaka 6.1 mmol / L - pamimba yopanda kanthu (mtengo wamagulu a glucose woyenera wa amuna azaka zachonde amaonedwa kuti ndi 4.2-4.6 mmol / L),
• zosaposa 8.7 mmol - mutatha kudya.

Kuchulukitsa pambuyo pa kudya kumachitika chifukwa cha kulowerera kwachilengedwe kwa glucose mu kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kazinthu kuti thupi lonse liziyenda mthupi lonse. Kukhudzika mwatsatanetsatane kwa shuga m'magazi a capillary kwa amuna:

• anyamata mpaka kutha msinkhu - 3,3-55.4 mmol / l,
• anyamata ndi amuna - 3,3-5.6 mmol / l,
• achikulire - 4.6-6.4 mmol / l.

Kwa abambo omwe adutsa chopondapo pazaka 60, kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa shuga ndikuloledwa (zosaposa 0.4-0.9 mmol / l). Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamunthu kwakukhudzana ndi kusamva kwa thupi kwa insulin.

Zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi

Kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya magazi kumatha kukhala ndi pathological ndi zokhudza thupi. Poyambirira, zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuphwanya njira zamankhwala am'magazi komanso matenda osachiritsika. Kachiwiri, moyo ndi zizolowezi ndizinthu zofunikira kwambiri. Zoyambitsa zazikulu za shuga m'magazi zimagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga komanso prediabetes.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi mkhalidwe wamtundu wa glucose wosazindikira, wodziwika ndi kusala kudya kwa glycemia - 6.1 mmol / L. Kuzindikira kwa prediabetes kumachitika molingana ndi zotsatira za kuyesera koyambirira kwa magazi ndi GTT (kuyesa kwa glucose). Kuyesa ndi:

• poyeza msanga shuga woyamba,
• kuchita "glucose katundu" (wodwalayo amamwa madzi amchere a 75 g / 200 ml ya madzi),
• mobwerezabwereza magazi pambuyo 2 hours.

Kudya kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a shuga ndi maselo amthupi. Prediabetes, ndiye kuti, kulolerana kwa glucose, kumagwirizana ndi mfundo za glycemia kuyambira 7.8 mpaka 11.1 mmol / l (mphindi 120 pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi).

Matenda a shuga

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamatenda. Mtundu woyamba umadziwika ndi kusiya kwathunthu kupanga insulini ndipo umatchedwa kuti insulin-wodwala matenda a shuga, popeza wodwalayo amapatsidwa chithandizo chautali ndi jakisoni wa insulin ya mankhwala. Kapangidwe ka matendawa kumachitika ubwana ndi unyamata chifukwa cha chibadwa chamunthu.

Kwa amuna akuluakulu, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo ndi woopsa. Gawo la ngoziyo limaphatikizapo anthu azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi kupitilira. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kukana insulini kumatenga gawo lalikulu - kusowa kwa chidwi cha ma cell ku insulin. Intracretory ntchito ya kapamba imasungidwa, insulin imapangidwa, koma osadyedwa.

Zotsatira zake, shuga amapezeka m'magazi. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a kunenepa kwambiri, kuledzera, matenda a kapamba. Mankhwalawa amachitika ndi mapiritsi a hypoglycemic (hypoglycemic). Matenda amtundu wotchedwa mellitus omwe samatengera insulin.

Zina zoyambitsa matenda achilengedwe

Kuphatikiza pa kukulitsa shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa amuna kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zina:

• matenda a chiwindi (hepatitis, cirrhosis, mafuta a hepatosis) chifukwa cha kukomoka komanso kufa kwa hepatocytes (ma cell a chiwindi),
• Matenda a chithokomiro komanso adrenal gland omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kusakhazikika kwa mahomoni (hyperthyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, matenda a Conn's),
• kapamba, kapamba, kupindika, cystic fibrosis (matenda a kapamba),
• chotupa cha pancreatic ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa ziwalo (pancreatectomy - kuchotsa kwa tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono kapena gawo lina),
• matenda oopsa komanso kuwonongeka kwa mtima.

Nthawi zina, kuvulala kwam'mutu muubongo (TBI) kumatha kubweretsa vuto la hyperglycemia, makamaka, kuwonongeka kwamakina ku hypothalamus (gawo laubongo lomwe limayang'anira zochitika zam'kati ndi kukhalanso kwa mkati mwa thupi).

Type 2 shuga

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, minofu imakhala yosaganizira insulin. Zotsatira zake, glucose amadziunjikira m'magazi ndipo salowa m'maselo.

Nthawi zambiri, kupanikizika kumalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Horoni cortisol, yomwe imapangidwa nthawi yama psychophysical stress, imalimbikitsa machiritso a mabala, imayendetsa bwino ntchito, imapanga mitsempha yamagazi, komanso imakhudza kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni, kupanga insulini kumachepa, njira ya m'mimba imapanikizidwa, kudya ndikusintha chikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake thupi limakhala lodetsa nkhawa ndipo limatulutsa shuga kuchokera ku malo ena. Zotsatira zake, dziko la hyperglycemic ndi insulin limayamba. Ndi nkhawa yayikulu, minofu kukana insulin amachepetsa.

Zoyambitsa zathupi za hyperglycemia

Mphamvu ya glucose ndi insulin imachitika ndi moyo wa munthu. Zowongolera ndizikhalidwe zopanda kudya zomwe mumakonda komanso zomwe mumakonda:

• kukondweretsedwa kwakukulu pazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri zimasokoneza ma metabolic ndipo zimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri,
• uchidakwa umawononga maselo a pancreatic opanga insulin,
• Zakudya zopanda mafuta zimapangitsa kuti polyavitaminosis ikhale ndi mavitamini a B ndi D, momwe kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa thupi sikungatheke.

Mwazi wamagazi nthawi zonse umangokhala wopanikizika, chifukwa kuphatikiza kwa insulin kumatsekedwa pomwe adrenaline ndi cortisol zimatulutsidwa m'magazi. Kuchulukana kwachulukidwe ka neuropsychological, kupatula apo kuvutika, kumatha kuyambitsa prediabetes ndi shuga mellitus pita yachiwiri. Kulephera kwa mahormone ndi hyperglycemia kwakanthawi kumatha kudzutsa chithandizo cholakwika ndi mankhwala okhala ndi mahomoni.

Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia mwa amuna

Kusintha kwachilengedwe mu kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi kagayidwe kazakudya poyamba sizidziwonetsa ngati zizindikiro zowopsa. Vutoli limakulirakulira chifukwa abambo ambiri samanyalanyaza zizindikilo zamthupi ndipo amapita kuchipatala akakula. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chodziwitsira matendawa mochedwa.

Matenda omwe muyenera kulabadira akuphatikizapo:

• Chembetsani mphamvu zathupi komanso malingaliro. Kutopa, kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi ntchito zimawonedwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikusowa kwake m'maselo aubongo ndi matupi athupi. Mwamuna woyambira alibe mphamvu yokwanira kuchita zolimbitsa thupi ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi.
• Vuto la kugona. Disya amawonetsedwa ndi kuwodzera atatha kudya, chifukwa glucose womasulidwa samadyedwa. Kusowa tulo usiku kumachitika chifukwa chosakwanira kudya michere ya m'mitsempha ndi ubongo.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa cephalgic syndrome (kupweteka kwa mutu). Kuthira magazi kosakwanira ku ubongo kumadzetsa vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi), komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kupweteka kwam'mutu (nthawi zina kunyansidwa).
• Kulakalaka kwambiri, apo ayi polyphy. Kudzimva kwamatenda komanso kuchuluka kwa chilimbikitso kumayendetsedwa ndi kuphatikiza komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka ndi kumwa kwa insulin. Kuwongolera kwa njirazi ndi udindo wa hypothalamus, womwe, wokhala ndi mavuto a insulin (kuchepa kapena kusakhuthulira), amasiya kuyang'ana mokwanira zosowa za thupi.
• Ludzu losaganizira ndi polydipsia. Amayamba chifukwa chofunikira kuti glucose azitha kulumikizana ndi madzi. Ndi hyperglycemia, madzi ochulukirapo amafunikira, kotero thupi limayesetsa kupewa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi.
• Kuchotsa mwachangu chikhodzodzo - polakiuria. Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha shuga wambiri pantchito yaimpso amawonekera ndikuphwanya ntchito ya kutembenuza kwam'madzi kwaulere. Popeza chizindikiro cha polydipsia, kukodza kumakulanso.
• Kukula kwakukulu (keratinization) kumapazi, mwinanso - hyperkeratosis. Imachitika chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa thukuta la minyewa yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha hyperglycemia. Ndi kuwonjezera kwachiwiri kachilombo, fangayi imayamba (mycosis kumapazi).
• Kukula kwakanthawi kwa kuwonongeka kwamakina pakhungu. Potsutsana ndi njira za metabolic, kuthekera kwa khungu kumachepa kwambiri.
• Matenda amtundu wa pafupipafupi komanso chimfine. Amayamba chifukwa cha kufooka kwakukulu kwa chitetezo chathupi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mavitamini ndi michere.
• Kuphwanya kakhazikika kwa mtima. Kuchulukitsa kwamtundu (tachycardia) kumayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa myocardium yokhala ndi zakudya komanso mpweya wabwino.
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri (hyperhidrosis). Mphamvu ya hyperglycemic pa endocrine ndi autonomic mantha system imalepheretsa thupi kuwongolera thukuta.

Zizindikiro zakuchulukitsidwa kwa shuga m'magazi, mawonekedwe a amuna, amawonetsedwa ndi kuletsa chilakolako chogonana (libido) ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya erectile. Panthawi ya kusokonezeka kwa magazi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha hyperglycemia ndi blockage ya capillaries ndi ma microscopic makhiristo a shuga, kupezeka kwa mtima komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ntchito.

Zotsatira zakusakwanira kwa magazi komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa ziwalo zoberekera, mwamunayo sangakwanitse kudzipanga kwathunthu. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mahomoni m'thupi, kupanga mahomoni achimuna omwe amachititsa libido ndi potency (testosterone) kumachepa.

Popita nthawi, zizindikiro zake zimakulirakulira. Kusokonezeka kwamanjenje kumalumikizana ndi izi:

• kusokonezeka m'maganizo,
• asthenic syndrome (neuropsychiatric Impotence),
• Kuchepetsa kulingalira, kuchepa kwa kukumbukira, kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa kuwona,
• kusakhazikika kwa usiku kwam'mimba mwa ng'ombe yamkaka (kukokana) ndi paresthesia (dzanzi la miyendo).

Kusintha kwakunja kumawonjezeredwa pazizindikiro zama psychosomatic: alopecia (dazi), kusayenda kwa msomali, kuwoneka kwa misempha ya kangaude kumaso ndi miyendo (telangiectasia).

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a hyperglycemia?

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa akulu mwa akulu kumachitika ngati gawo limodzi lotsatira zaka zitatu zilizonse. Kuphatikiza apo, cheke kuchuluka kwa shuga kumaphatikizidwanso kukayezetsa kwamwazi wamagazi, omwe angayikidwe mukakumana ndi dokotala ndi madandaulo omwe sagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Mwanjira imeneyi, nthawi zambiri bambo amaphunzira za kuphwanya kwa glycemic level.

Ngati zotsatira zake sizili bwino, phunziroli liyenera kubwerezedwanso, chifukwa kuwunika kumodzi sikutanthauza kuzindikira. Hyperglycemia yokhazikika imafunikira kuyesedwa. Kwa matenda a prediabetes ndi matenda ashuga, aikidwa:

• glucose kulolerana kuyezetsa (GT-test or GTT),
• kuwunika koyambiranso kwa shuga m'magazi - kusanthula kwa glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C),
• urinalysis
• kuyezetsa magazi konse
• Ultrum yamimba.

Glycosylated (glycated) hemoglobin ndi kaphatikizidwe kazinthu kakang'ono kamaproteni m'maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi glucose. Thupi limasungidwa m'magazi nthawi yonse ya maselo ofiira (maselo ofiira a magazi), ndiye kuti, masiku 120. Mukamaphunzira, mulingo wa glycemia kwakanthawi kotsimikizika umatsimikizika.

HbA1C yachilendo imakhala yochepera 6.5% kwa anyamata achichepere, ochepera 7.0 kwa anthu azaka 40+ ndi ochepera 7.5 kwa amuna achikulire kuposa zaka 60. Kuchuluka kovomerezeka ndi 0,5% (7%, 7.5%, 8%, motsatana).

Mu zotsatira za urinalysis, chidwi chimaperekedwa pamaso pa glucose ndi matupi a ketone. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumapereka lingaliro la kupezeka kwa njira yotupa. Ultrasound yam'mimba imayang'aniridwa kuti iwonenso mkhalidwe wa kapamba ndi chiwindi.

Zosankha

Mutha kuyang'ana pawokha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer yosunthika yokhala ndi zingwe (mizere yoyesera). Komabe, kuphunzira koteroko sikuyenera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Ngati zofunikira zimapitilira, wodwalayo amafunika kumuyesa nthawi yayitali.

Kukwera kwa magazi mwa amuna ndi chizindikiro cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha kupatsa mphamvu kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kuperewera kwa mahomoni. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha hyperglycemia ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa insellinus osadalira insulini kapena prediabetes.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa matendawa ndi kumwa mowa kwambiri, kusiya zakudya zotsekemera ndi zakumwa, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda am'mimba kapamba ndi chiwindi. Kuunikanso kowonjezereka kumafunikira kuti mutsimikizire matendawo. Kusokonekera nthawi imodzi pakati pa zomwe zikuwonetsa shuga ndi chizolowezi chake ndi mwayi wosintha zizolowezi zanu zokhala ndi moyo.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika a endocrine dongosolo, limodzi ndi mavuto ambiri a mtima. Ndi matenda osazindikira komanso osalabadira chithandizo, matendawa amatha kuchepetsa moyo wamunthu ndi theka.

Shuga wamba wamagazi

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga pa gawo lililonse sikungawononge thanzi lanu. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala kusinthasintha kwakanthawi zizizindikiro, zotsatira za zovuta zina zamalire.

Komabe, pozindikira komanso kupewa zomwe zingachitike, ndikofunikira kudziwa zofunikira za zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga m'magazi. Zikhalidwe zawo zimasiyana malinga ndi jenda;

Omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amuna. Nthawi zambiri omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi omwe amayimira kugonana kwamphamvu pambuyo pa zaka 40.

Ndikofunikira kuchita mayeso a labotale kamodzi pamwezi uliwonse wa 6, izi zikuthandizira kuyankha pakapita nthawi kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro.

Chifukwa chiyani shuga m'magazi limatuluka

Inde, chinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo pamlingo wambiri ndi kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga. Koma sikuti mwanjira iliyonse kusintha kwa glucose kumawonekera kwambiri.

Ngati matenda a shuga sanachitike, ndi bwino kuonanso zina zomwe zimayambitsa abambo:

• zakudya zosalekeza zamagulu ochulukitsa,
• ngati munthu sachita zolimbitsa thupi, thupi limakula kwambiri,
• kumwa kwambiri mowa,
• kumana ndi mavuto
• zosokoneza mu ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati (chiwindi, kapamba ndi chithokomiro),
• Cushing's syndrome (kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opanga mphamvu chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa shuga mwadzidzidzi).

Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri mwa amuna zimadaliranso mtundu wa matenda:

Kuzindikira kwa shuga - ingomwani tsiku lililonse.

• Mtundu 1 amadziwika ndi kutayika konsekapadera kapena pang'ono pokhudzana ndi insulin,
• Mtundu 2 umayamba pang'onopang'ono, kupanga insulini kumachitika, koma maselo saigwiritsa ntchito moyenera.

Poyamba, pali chibadwa, matendawa amawonekera kale ali mwana. Kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, komanso moyo wongokhala. Monga lamulo, izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri mwa amuna.

Udindo wa shuga m'thupi

Osapeputsa phindu la glucose muzomwe mumachita tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikulakwitsa kulingalira kukana kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito kwake, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungapangire "kukhala naye paubwenzi" ndi iye.

Kupatula apo, shuga amatenga nawo mbali monga:

• kagayidwe
• magetsi
• matenda a mtima
• kuchuluka kwa michere ya ubongo,
• kuchotsedwa kwa zopsinja, magwiridwe antchito,

Kuphatikiza apo, glucose imasonkhanitsa mphamvu zam'mthupi, kudziunjikira minofu ndi ziwalo. Kugwirizana kwa contractile ntchito minofu, chapakati mantha dongosolo.

Zotsatira za shuga

Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri komanso zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndi chikomokere ndi hyperglycemia. Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga kumathandiza kupewa zotsatira zoyipa za matenda.

Ngati zizindikiro zikulephera, khazikani:

• Matenda a ziwalo zooneka. Mndandandawo ndiwowonjezereka, mpaka pakutha kwathunthu kwa nsidze,
• Zovuta zamkati, mkati mwa dongosolo,
• Matenda a mtima, sitiroko, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo,
• Kuwonongeka kwa kama wogona.

Mwa amuna, shuga wambiri amathandizanso ntchito yobereka ndi thanzi la njira yobala. Pang'onopang'ono, kuchepa kwa testosterone kumachitika, komwe kumakhalanso ndi zovuta zingapo.

Mukadutsa matendawa, kufalitsa magazi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kotero kuti kusabereka kumayamba.

Vuto lodziwika bwino lotchedwa "matenda a shuga" limatha kugwira amuna. Mkhalidwe umadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha miyendo, mfundo yomaliza ya matendawa ndi minofu necrosis.

Kuvulala kapena kukhumudwa kulikonse kumayambitsa matenda oopsa, mkhalidwe wovuta umayambitsa kudula kwa dzanja. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zilizonse zakuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa.

Timapereka kuchotsera kwa owerenga tsamba lathu!

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi

Tsoka ilo, si aliyense amene ali wofulumira kupereka magazi pofuna kupewa matenda oopsa. Koma pali zizindikiro zomwe zimayenera kupangitsa munthu kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Zizindikiro za shuga wambiri mwa amuna ndi awa:

• kusintha kwamphamvu mwadzidzidzi (kumatha kukwera kwambiri ndikuyamba kutsika),
• njala, kukwiya sikumakhala nthawi yayitali,
• ludzu lochulukirapo, kukodza kwambiri,
• kumangokhala wopanda chidwi ndi kufooka kwa minofu.

Ngati mavuto akhalapo kwanthawi yayitali, kusokonezeka kwa m'maso, thukuta lalikulu limatheka. Kukula kwamatenda kumatanthauza kuti kwa zaka zambiri sizinawonetse kukhalapo kwake.

Zizindikiro za shuga m'magazi mwa abambo zimatha kukhala kupezeka kwa kuyabwa kwa khungu, furunculosis. Nthawi zambiri odwala amakhala ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa chitetezo chokwanira, kugona kwazakugonana.

Ngati izi kapena zizindikiro zina nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza, ndi nzeru kupita ku labotale kukayezetsa magazi. Imachitika mwamphamvu pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Tsiku lotsatira muyenera kupewa kumwa mowa, zakudya zamafuta.

Ndondomeko itha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer - chida chapadera choyeza shuga. Ubwino wa njirayi ndi kulandira pompopompo komanso mosapweteka zotsatira zakuwunika.

Kupatsa Thanzi Labwino Kuti muchepetse Mwazi

Zachidziwikire, madokotala amalangiza kuti asinthe moyo wawo kwathunthu, kutsatira moyo wokangalika. Yesetsani kudziteteza ku nkhawa zosafunikira, zizolowezi zoipa.

Koma chofunikira pakuwongolera shuga ndikusintha kwamakomedwe:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito chokoleti ndi maswiti sikumaperekedwa. Kuphika makeke, zakumwa zozizilitsanso ndizakudya zoopsa, monga zakudya yokazinga, mankhwala osungirako.
• Chakudyacho chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndi masamba, chimanga.
• Kuchuluka kwa chakudya sikuyenera kupitirira masiku onse, kumakhala kunenepa kwambiri.
• Zakudya zimayendetsedwa, kuphika kapena kudyetsa.

Kuzindikira zakudya zanu, kuphatikiza mankhwala oyipa kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwa anthu ochepa.

Mankhwala

Ngati chithandizo cha zakudya sichikupereka zofunika, dokotala amakupatsani wodwalayo chithandizo chamankhwala ake. Zimatengera chomwe chikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, amatha kukhala mankhwala a sulfonamides ndi magulu a Biguanides.

Pulogalamu yamasitolo amaimiridwa ndi mndandanda waukulu wamazina amalonda. Kukonzekera kwa maguluwa kumatha kutsitsa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kuphatikiza pa izo, njira zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza shuga. Chatsopano kwambiri ndi mitundu yosinthira, yomwe imatsitsa mwachangu kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Thiazolidinedione inhibitors ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kusintha kukhudzidwa kwa glucose kapena matumbo a shuga.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, mankhwala a insulini amati amachepetsa kwambiri shuga.

Musanayambe mankhwala, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimawonjezera shuga wa magazi mwa amuna. Ngati mungathe kudutsa ndi njira zothandizirana, ndiye kuti simuyenera kufalitsa chiwindi pamtolo wosafunikira kuchokera kuchipatala.

Kupewa ndi malingaliro

Ubwenzi wabwino unapezeka pakati pa zolimbitsa thupi ndi shuga. Ngakhale gawo limodzi lophunzitsira lingathe kutsitsa ziwerengero zake ndikusintha magazi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwadongosolo, kuthamangathamanga kuzungulira nyumba kapena kungolimbitsa thupi kungathandize kukhalabe ndi minofu yofananira komanso kamvekedwe ka minofu.

Sichikhala chimodzimodzi:

• kudya kwambiri
• Idyani zakudya zamafuta ndi zakudya zopanda pake,
• nkhanza okoma.

Ma infusions azitsamba ndi tiyi amathanso kuchepetsa shuga komanso kukhala ndi phindu pa pulogalamu yamanjenje.

Kukula kulikonse kwa shuga mwa abambo kuyenera kuchenjeza ndipo kuyenera kupita kuchipatala msanga. Kuyeserera kwa magazi kwantchito ndi kumveketsa bwino kwa matendawa kungathandize kudziwa chomwe chikuyambitsa, kudziwa mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chiri choyenera kwa wodwalayo.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti shuga yowonjezereka ndi mdani wamkulu wa thanzi komanso tsogolo. Kutsatira malangizo a dokotala ndikutsimikizirani kuti muli ndi matendawa.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amayambitsa zovuta zakupha. Mwazi wamagazi ochulukirapo ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Aronova S.M. adafotokoza za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Werengani kwathunthu

Zizolowezi zakudya

Ponena za zizolowezi zakudya, ndizofala kwambiri kwa abambo kumwa mowa. Ndi kumwa kosalekeza, ntchito ya kapamba imalephera, yomwe imayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic komanso kukula kwa insulin. Chifukwa chake mowa umawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Mankhwala a Steroid

Kugwiritsira ntchito kwakutalika kwa mahomoni a steroid mwa amuna kumatha kuyambitsa mtundu 1 wachiwiri wa insulin wodalira shuga. Mwa anthu abwino kagayidwe kachakudya, vutoli limakhazikika atasiya mankhwala. Koma ndikudziwiratu, chitukuko cha matenda osokoneza bongo ndizotheka. Chiwopsezochi chikuwonjezeka kwa odwala omwe amakakamizidwa kumwa mankhwala oledzera kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kwa iwo onenepa kwambiri. Kukonzekera kwawopsya kumaphatikizapo dexamethasone, prednisone, hydrocortisone.

Zizindikiro za shuga kwambiri mwa amuna zimaphatikizapo ludzu lalikulu, kukodza pafupipafupi, kutopa kwambiri, ndi mutu.

Glucocorticoids oterewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mphumu ya bronchial, nyamakazi, matenda a autoimmune, multiple sclerosis.

Mlingo wa shuga

Akuluakulu odziwika a shuga m'magazi amachokera ku 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l, koma sizofanana pamagulu osiyanasiyana a anthu. Kupanga kwa shuga kumadalira kapamba. Chizindikirochi chimasiyana mwa omwe amayimira akazi kapena amuna, komanso amasiyanasiyana ndi zaka. Miyezo ya shuga imawonetsedwa patsamba lotsatirali.

Zizindikiro za High shuga

• ludzu lalikulu
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• kutopa,
• mutu.

Ndi kukula kwamphamvu kwa glucose mwa bambo, zotsatirazi zitha kudziwika:

• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• kugwidwa mwadzidzidzi kwanjala
• kuganizira kwambiri,
• Khungu
• dzanzi la milomo ndi nkhope,
• kuchuluka kwa mkwiyo.

Mkhalidwe wopita patsogolo umayambitsa:

• kufooketsa chitetezo chamthupi,
• kutsegula kwa ma virus ndi mabakiteriya,
• zovuta zamitsempha yamagazi.

Zoyenera kuchita

Nthawi zina, kuchitira abambo, ndikokwanira kuthetsa zomwe zimawononga:

• tsatirani kudya zakudya zamagulu ochulukirapo
• zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi,
• lekani kusuta ndi kumwa mowa,
• onetsetsani kuti muli ndi nkhawa
• sinthanso thupi.

Ndi zizindikiro za hyperglycemia, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist wanu ndikuyesa mayeso a shuga. Dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala othandizira odwala omwe amayambitsa matenda, omwe adawonjezera shuga. Ngati zizindikiro sizingakonzedwe, shuga amawongoleredwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatchedwanso hyperglycemia. Zodabwitsazi nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ndi vuto la kagayidwe kazakudya chifukwa cha kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa thupi. Shuga amalowa mthupi la munthu limodzi ndi chakudya, ndiye kuti amatengedwa ndi magazi kupita ziwalo zonse. Pali miyezo yina ya kupezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mwa munthu wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa 3.3-5 mmol / L kumadziwika. Izi zimakhazikitsidwa kuti ziziunikidwa kuchokera ku chala cha wodwala, magazi a venous nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri.

Mlingo wa glycemia ndichizindikiro chofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi. Zosintha mu chizindikiritso pakuchepa / kuwonjezeka kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda. Ma mahormone amawunika kuchuluka kwa glycemia pamlingo wovomerezeka. Homoni yayikulu yomwe imayambitsa shuga ndi insulin, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba. Ngati chiwonetsero cha shuga chikuwonjezeka m'thupi, ndiye kuti kapamba imapangitsa kupanga mahomoni ofunikira. Insulin imalimbikitsa kulowetsedwa kwa shuga m'maselo a anthu, potero amachepetsa zomwe zili.

Ndi hyperglycemia, gwero la izi limayenera kukhazikitsidwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndizachilengedwe kapena zam'tsogolo. Kukhalapo kwa psychology sikuweruzidwa ndi kuwunika kumodzi. Ngati mlingo wokwezeka wapezeka, ndibwino kubwereza kusanthula. Ngati zotsatira zobwerezabwereza sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika, ndiye kuti adokotala ayenera kudziwa chifukwa chake chizindikiro cha glucose chikukwera.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Zachilengedwe

Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa anthu athanzi mwachilengedwe kumadzuka. Ngati chakudya chatha, ndiye kuti kudaliraku sikungadalire. Kuyambira chakudya chotsiriza mpaka kukonzanso kumayenera kudutsa maola osachepera 10. Mlingo wa glycemia mwachilengedwe umachulukanso ndi kupsinjika, kutopa kwambiri, nkhawa. Mwa akazi, mlingo wokwera musanachitike masamba amawonedwa ngati wachilengedwe. Chizindikirochi chimakhudzidwanso ndi kusuta, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kusanthula kuyenera kusungidwa poganizira zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka. Muyenera kuyezetsedwa m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ndikofunika kusiya kusuta musanapendekeze.

Zoyambitsa zovuta za hyperglycemia

Choyambitsa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi shuga. Matenda a shuga ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi njira yowonjezera shuga.

Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya glucose kumachitika chifukwa chakuti kapamba sangathe kuthana ndi kupanga kwa insulin. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, chitetezo cha mthupi chimawononga maselo omwe amapanga insulin.

Ndi matenda a mtundu 2, chitsulo chimapanga kuchuluka kwa insulin, koma mahomoni sangathe kuyanjana ndi maselo amthupi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakwera, ndipo maselo akumva kusowa.

Gulu lina lili ndi shuga azimayi oyembekezera. Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, pali insulin yokwanira, ndipo chifukwa chake, shuga yayikulu magazi, pambuyo pobadwa, mkhalidwe umafalikira. Kukula kwa matendawa m'mayambiriro angayambitse zovuta, kusokonezeka kwa mwana. Ngati pali zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa amayi, muyenera kufunsa katswiri.

Palinso zifukwa zina zowonjezera shuga wamagazi kupatula shuga. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• endocrine gland matenda,
• zovuta zamatenda,
• matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi
• kupezeka kwa matenda
• kumwa mankhwala ena.

Kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwa chizindikirocho kumatha kuwonedwa ndi kupsa kwamitundumitundu, pakukomoka, ndi ululu waukulu.

Zizindikiro za Hyperglycemia

Zizindikiro zazikulu za shuga m'magazi akuluakulu:

• kukodza pafupipafupi
• ludzu lokhazikika, kamwa yowuma,
• njala yokhazikika
• kumva kufooka kwakukulu, kutopa,
• dzanzi la miyendo
• maonekedwe a kuyabwa
• akuchepetsa machiritso
• nseru
• kuchuluka kwa mutu
• kuwonda msanga
• kuwonongeka kowonekera mwachangu.

Ngati zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambazi zizindikiridwa, muyenera kufunsa katswiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo muyeze magazi a glycemia. Kusochera kwambiri kwa magawo ku chizolowezi kumatha kubweretsa kukomoka, kupuma movutikira ndi mtima kugwira ntchito. Kuzindikiridwa pa nthawi yovomerezeka ya shuga m'magazi kungakuthandizeni kupereka thandizo loyenera panthawi yake.

Nthawi zina kuphatikiza kwakukulu sikufotokozeredwa ndi zizindikiro zina, munthu amamva bwino, koma matenda a shuga amakula. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwangozi mukamayesedwa.

Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa shuga

Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zambiri.Munthu akhoza kugwa mumkhalidwe womwe umadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati. Vutoli limadziwonetsera mu kuphwanya kwamanjenje, likhoza kukhala limodzi ndi kusazindikira, malingaliro osavuta.

Kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi kungayambitse kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, mwakutero kumayambitsa kukomoka. Mikhalidwe ya Coma ndiyowopsa yoti ingamuphe, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala ngakhale zizindikilo zoyamba ziwululidwa.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali kumayambitsa zovuta zakumbuyo, monga:

• zotupa zam'mimba,
• matenda ashuga (chitukuko cha gangrene),
• kulephera kwa aimpso.

Njira zochepetsera shuga

Ngati chomwe chikuyambitsa shuga m'magazi ndikukula kwa matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti njira zoyambirira zothetsera matenda a glycemia ziyenera kukhala: kupanga zakudya zoyenera ndikupereka mankhwala ofunikira.

Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, wodwalayo ayenera kubayira insulin tsiku lililonse ngati jakisoni. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachibiri chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pafupipafupi kuti athandize kupanga insulin komanso kubwezeretsa kuthekera kwa maselo kutenga mahomoni opangidwa.

Ngati ndi kotheka, sinthani shuga m'zakudya kupatula maswiti, confectionery, mikate yoyera, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zipatso.

Kuti mukwaniritse shuga wambiri m'magazi, malamulo osavuta ayenera kutsatiridwa:

• kukhalabe ndi dongosolo loyenera lazakudya,
• kuyang'anira mosamalitsa ndende pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer,
• zolimbitsa thupi
• kudya mankhwala okhazikika.

Kuti muthe kupewa, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwunika zakudya ndikuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta tsiku lililonse kumathandizira kuchepetsa. Kutengera kwa chibadwa cha matenda ashuga ndi kale chisonyezo cha kupezeka ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso moyo wathanzi.

Pazizindikiro zoyambirira komanso zazing'ono za hyperglycemia, muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Musayesere kudzipeza nokha, ndipo makamaka kuti musafunike kudzilimbitsa.

Mndandanda wazopezeka wazakudya zam'magazi azambiri ndi:

1. Udzu wokhazikika.
2. Zadzidzidzi zopanda mphamvu zimachulukitsa kapena.
3. Kukodza pafupipafupi.
4. Matenda otopa kwambiri.
5. Khungu lowuma komanso zimagwira pakhungu.
6. Mavuto amaso, spasms a minofu yogona.
7. Kuchepetsa mphamvu yodzitetezera kumatenda, machiritso a bala.
8. Kupuma kwambiri kwamkokomo, mawonekedwe apakati oopsa.
9. Mu mitundu yayikulu ya hyperglycemia, kuchepa madzi m'thupi, ketoacidosis, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima, ndipo nthawi zina chikomokere zimawonedwa.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa zitha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake, ngati mukupezeka mawonekedwe angapo osayenera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikuyesa mayeso kuti mudziwe ngati ali enieni.

Zotheka

Nthawi zambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa chizindikirocho ndi:

1. . Mwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuwonetsa kwa matenda a hyperglycemia ndiye chofunikira cha matendawa.
2. Zakudya zopanda pake. Kuphwanya kokhazikika kwa zakudya wamba, komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu kwambiri, kumatha kuyambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia osagwirizana ndi mtundu wake wa matenda ashuga.
3. Kupsinjika. Post-nkhawa hyperglycemia imakhala yofanana ndi odwala omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka, nthawi zambiri chotsutsana ndi maziko a kukula kwa njira yotupa.
4. Matenda opatsirana owopsa a sipekitiramu.
5. Kulandila kwa mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala - rituximab, corticosteroids, niacin, freeara asparaginase, beta-blockers, 1-2 genid antepressants, protease inhibitors, thiazide diuretics, fentimidine.
6. Kuperewera kwakuthupi kwakuthupi, mavitamini a gulu B.

Zomwe zimayambitsa High shuga mwa Akuluakulu ndi Amayi Oyembekezera

Monga momwe zamankhwala zimasonyezera, mu 90 peresenti ya milandu yomwe imapitirira kwa hyperglycemia mwa akulu ndikuwonetsera kwa matenda a shuga, makamaka a 2 mtundu. Zowonjezera zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugona komanso kukhala maso, kupanikizika kuntchito, komanso kukhala moyo wongokhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayeneranso kuthandizidwa mwapadera - hyperglycemia pano ikhoza kukhala yakanthawi kachilengedwe, komwe kumakhudzanso kukonzanso kwa thupi lonse komanso kusintha kwa mahomoni makamaka (mawonekedwe a thupi), ndikukhala mtundu wapadera wa matenda oopsa a shuga - otchedwa gestationalabetes omwe amapezeka nthawi yapakati ndipo nthawi zambiri zimasowa pambuyo pobala. Ngati koyamba kuwunika kwa wodwala kokwanira, kachiwiri, matenda omwe amapezeka mu 4-5% ya amayi omwe ali ndi mwayi wosangalatsa amatha kuvulaza mwana wosabadwayo komanso thanzi la mayi woyembekezera, choncho akatswiri amapereka chithandizo chovuta poganizira physiology yomwe ilipo kudwala.

Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri m'makanda ndi ana

Mu ana a sukulu za pulayimale ndi unyamata, hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zingapo - kuperewera kwa zakudya, kupsinjika ndi chitukuko cha njira zopatsirana komanso zotupa motsutsana ndi maziko a kuyambitsa kwa mahomoni amthupi amkati, omwe amapangidwa mwambiri ndi kukula kwa thupi. Pokhapokha pokhapokha, pambuyo pazifukwa zonse zapamwambazi, ana amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, makamaka amtundu woyamba.

Hyperglycemia yatsopano ya ana imayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera - imayambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zingapo, nthawi zambiri sizigwirizana ndi zoyambitsa zazakale mwa ana ndi akulu. Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa shuga kwa ana obadwa kumene omwe ali ndi thupi pang'ono. Mu makanda asanabadwe m'masiku oyamba amoyo, hyperglycemia ndi mawonekedwe a kusowa kwa timadzi timene timawonongeka proinsulin, nthawi zambiri motsutsana ndi maziko a kukana insulini palokha.

Mtundu wosakhalitsa wa hyperglycemia ungayambenso chifukwa cha kuyambitsidwa kwa glucocorticosteroids, fungus sepsis, kupuma kwa vuto la maganizo, hypoxia. Monga ziwonekero zamankhwala zamakono zikusonyeza, oposa theka la akhanda omwe amafika pa chifukwa chimodzi kapena zingapo kumalo osamalira odwala kwambiri amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose sikochepa kwenikweni poyerekeza ndi hypoglycemia ya classical, kuthekera kwa zovuta ndi chiopsezo cha kufa ndizokulirapo.

Zizindikiro

Zigawo zingapo zoyesera zodziwira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi zimaphatikizapo zolemba ndi kuyesa. Ngati muli ndi vuto locheperachepera, zimavuta kudziwa nokha mothandizidwa ndi glucometer yabwino. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kufunsa dokotala yemwe akupatseni mayeso oyenera.

1. pamimba yopanda kanthu. Njira yodziwika bwino ya orthotoluidine, yomwe imasankha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi popanda kuganizira zina zomwe zimachepetsa. Imaperekedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu (maola 12 asanafike pofufuza ndikofunikira kukana kudya, mankhwala ndi zochita zolimbitsa thupi). Ngati matenda oyambirirawo akuwonetsa kupatuka panjira, katswiriyo amamuwuza kuti awonjezere maphunziro.
2. Njira yonyamula. Imachitika makamaka mothandizidwa ndi chipatala cha tsiku / mozungulira. M'mawa, magazi amaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, kutsatira malamulo a njira yoyamba, pambuyo pake shuga amatsitsidwa m'thupi ndipo patatha maola ochepa, magaziwo amatengedwanso. Ngati zotsatira za lotsatira la 11 mmol / L zitha kupitilira, dokotala nthawi zambiri amadzazindikira “hyperglycemia”.
3. Kufotokozera njira yochepetsera. Kupereka kwa magazi kosanthula poganizira zinthu zina - makamaka uric acid, ergonin, creatinine. Amakulolani kuti mufotokoze bwino za matendawa ndikuzindikira mavuto okhudzana ndi matendawa - mwachitsanzo, matenda a shuga.

Zotheka

Hyperglycemia ndi chizindikiro chokhacho chomwe chimawonetsa kusayenda bwino kwamthupi kapena matenda ashuga. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri palibe zovuta. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za matenda amtunduwu ndi ketoacidosis. Kuphwanya kumene kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kumachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'madzi a m'magazi, nthawi zambiri kumatsutsana ndi mbiri ya matenda amtundu uliwonse omwe amabweretsa gawo, lomwe limakwiyitsa ketonuria, arrhythmia, kulephera kupuma, kupita patsogolo kwamatenda oyamba omwe amapezeka m'thupi, kusowa kwamadzi. Nthawi zina, pakakhala kuti palibe woyenera woyenera kuyankha, wodwala matenda ashuga / hyperglycemic amayamba, ndipo atatsika pH (acidity) mpaka 6.8, kumwalira kwachipatala kumachitika.

Momwe mungachepetse shuga?

Hyperglycemia therapy ikufuna kuthetsa kwakanthawi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kuchiza matenda oyambitsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtunduwu.

Mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa magazi:

1. Kubaya mwachindunji insulin. Mlingo amasankhidwa payekhapayekha, ngati pali vuto linalake, mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mwachangu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu amagwiritsidwa ntchito - humalog, humulin.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a hypoglycemic. Magulu a mankhwala ozikidwa ndi benzoic acid, sensitizer, A-glucosidase inhibitors, phenylalanine amino acid, sulfonylureas - maninyl, metformin, etc.
3. Imwani zambiri. Njira yofooka yophika ndi soda mu mitundu yayikulu ya hyperglycemia.
4. Pakatikati - wowerengeka azakudya.

Zakudya Zabwino Komanso Zakudya

Popeza kupitiliza kwa vuto la hyperglycemia ochulukira nthawi zambiri ndikuwonetsa matenda a shuga, kudya zakudya zoyenera ndikofunikira kuti mankhwalawa athandizike.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti azitsatira zakudya pofufuza matenda a shuga 1. Pansi pamakhala kusiyanasiyana ndi zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'makanizo othandizira kugaya chakudya, komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopezeka pama calories, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Magazi amachepetsa zakudya

Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazogulitsa pamsika woweta, wokhala ndi shuga m'magazi, ndikofunikira kusankha omwe ali ndi index yotsika ya glycemic. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti palibe chakudya chomwe chimachepetsa shuga - zakudya zonse zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi za m'magazi ochepa kwambiri zomwe sizimachulukitsa, koma sizingathandize munthu kukhala ndi vuto la hyperglycemia.

1. Zakudya zam'nyanja - nkhanu, nkhanu ndi nkhanu zam'madzi zokhala ndi malo amodzi otsika kwambiri a glycemic.
2. Masheya a soya - makamaka tofu.
3. Kabichi, zukini, dzungu, masamba letesi.
4. Sipinachi, soya, broccoli.
5. Bowa.
6. Mitundu ina ya zipatso - mandimu, mapeyala, zipatso za mphesa, yamatcheri.
7. Nkhaka, phwetekere, tsabola wa belu, udzu winawake, kaloti, katsitsumzukwa, mphukira.
8. Anyezi watsopano, Yerusalemu artichoke.
9. Mitundu ina ya zonunkhira - ginger, sinadi, sinamoni.
10. Mafuta - okongoletsedwa kapena raspovye.
11. Zakudya zamafuta ambiri zimakhala ndi nyemba, mtedza (ma walnuts, ma cashews, ma almond), ndi chimanga (oatmeal).
12. Makina

Zinthu zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi za "mndandanda wobiriwira" ndipo mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito mopanda mantha kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia.

Mankhwala amakono amatulutsa kadyedwe ngati imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti odwala akhale ndi hyperglycemia, omwe amathandiza kwambiri pa matenda ashuga komanso amalola kubwezeretsedwa kwa kagayidwe kazinthu.

Kwa odwala omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, zakudya ndizovomerezeka komanso zofunikira. Mtundu wachiwiri wa odwala matenda ashuga, zakudya zoyenera nthawi zambiri zimathandizira kukonza thupi.

Lingaliro lofunikira la chakudya ndi gawo la mkate, lofanana ndi magalamu 10 a chakudya. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia, matebulo atsatanetsatane adapangidwa omwe amawonetsa gawo ili la zakudya zamakono kwambiri zomwe zilipo muzakudya.

Mukafuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotere masiku ano, ndikofunikira kupatula zakudya zilizonse, maswiti, shuga komanso kuchepetsa zakudya zambiri monga mkate, mkate woyera, mpunga / semolina, komanso zakudya zamafuta omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zakudya zamafuta ambiri osayiwalanso kuchuluka kwamafuta a polyunsaturated / acid.

Ndikofunika kuti muzidya chakudya pang'onopang'ono, ndikupanga zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku pazinthu zitatu zazikulu ndi zina zitatu zowonjezerazo. Zomwe zimapangidwira tsiku lililonse kwa anthu osachepera 2,000 zopatsa mphamvu kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemia popanda zovuta komanso mndandanda wazowonjezera ukuphatikizapo:

• Chakudya cham'mawa 1 - 50 magalamu a mkate wakuda, dzira limodzi, magalamu 5 a batala, kapu ya mkaka, 40 magalamu a mbewu zololedwa.
• Chakudya cham'mawa 2 - 25 magalamu a mkate wakuda, 100 magalamu a zipatso ndi tchizi chochepa cha mafuta.
• Chakudya chamasana - magalamu 50 a mkate wololedwa, magalamu 100 a nyama yopuntha ndi mbatata, magalamu 20 a zipatso zouma, magalamu 200 a masamba ndi magalamu 10 a mafuta a masamba.
• Zakudya zazing'ono - 25 magalamu a mkate wakuda ndi magalamu 100 a zipatso / mkaka.
• Chakudya chamadzulo - 25 magalamu a mkate, magalamu 80 a nsomba zamitundu yochepa kapena nsomba zam'madzi, 100 magalamu a mbatata, masamba ndi zipatso, magalamu 10 a mafuta a masamba.
• Musanagone - 25 magalamu a mkate ndi kapu ya kefir yochepa.

Kusintha kwina kulikonse kwamalonda kungachitike ndi ma calorie ofanana m'magulu anayi oyambira:

1. Masamba, zipatso / zipatso, buledi, njere.
2. Tchizi tchizi, nsomba / mafuta ochepa.
3. Kirimu wowawasa, kirimu, batala.
4. Mkaka / mazira ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera, kotchuka kwambiri kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka zatsopano, pakali pano kumatsutsidwa ndi magulu akulu azakudya chifukwa chazambiri zama calorie, kotero sitipangira izi kuti muziwazunza, pazowonjezera, kugwiritsa ntchito mosamalitsa muzakudya zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Elena Malysheva. Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga

Glucose ndiwothandizira wamkulu pazamalungu. Kuyika kwake m'magazi kumayendetsedwa ndi homon insulin. Ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi insulin, shuga wowonjezera wamagazi imawonedwa. Mwa abambo, zizindikirazi sizili ndi tanthauzo lililonse, ndiye kuti, zimafanana ndi akazi.

Mwazi wamagazi ndi shuga . Omwe amaphatikiza shuga ndi zakudya zamafuta. Kagayidwe ka glucose kamayendetsedwa ndi insulin, komwe kapamba amatulutsa. Ngati pazifukwa zina munthu akayamba kutsutsana ndi insulin, ndiye kuti shuga yayamba kukwera. Mkhalidwe womwe muli shuga wowonjezera mwa amuna amatchedwa hyperglycemia.

Miyezi yabwinobwino ya shuga imawerengedwa kuti imakhala mpaka 5 mmol / L poyeza pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena maola atatu mutatha kudya. Ngati shuga apamwamba kuposa 6 mmol / l, ndiye kuti ndi hyperglycemia. Ili ndi magawo atatu aukali:

• Kuwala - shuga 6-10 mmol / l.
• Pafupifupi ndi 10-15 mmol / l.
• Chachikulu - kuposa 15mmol / l.

Zifukwa zakukula

Shuga akukwera mukamadya chakudya chamafuta . Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga sikatsika maola ochepa chakudya chikatha, izi zikuwonetsa kuphwanya thupi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi awa:

• Kutupa kwa kapamba (kapamba).
• Zithaphwi za kapamba.
• Mavuto a Endocrine
• Matenda a virus (mumps, rubella).
• Khalidweli.
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Kumwa mankhwala (diuretics, glucocorticosteroids).
• Matenda a Autoimmune momwe thupi limawonera maselo ake ngati achilendo ndikuwawononga.
• Matenda a chiwindi (cirrhosis).
• Matenda a impso (glomerulomephritis, pyelonephritis).
• Mikwingwirima, vuto la mtima.

Ochita masewera ali ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amakhalabe okwera chifukwa cholimbitsa thupi kwambiri mkati mwake pomwe cortisol yochuluka imapangidwa.

Muzochitika zonsezi pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhala kwachiwiri, ndiye kuti, mukamachotsa zomwe zimapangitsa, glucose amabwereranso kwazonse. Choyambirira chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi shuga. Mu matenda ashuga, kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira kapena thupi limagwiritsa ntchito insulin "molakwika".

Funsani dokotala wanu kuti akuuzeni ngati muli ndi matenda ena

Anna Ponyaeva. Anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Nizhny Novgorod Medical Academy (2007-2014) ndi Residency in Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (2014-2016).

Kuti magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo wamba, kuyambira mu ubongo ndi machitidwe a anthu, kuphatikiza zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa maselo amthupi, zomwe zili m'magazi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, ndikofunikira kuti glucose abwinobwino azikhala ndi mibadwo yosiyana.

Udindo wa shuga mthupi

Pankhani yakusowa kwa glucose yomwe imachokera kunja, thupi la munthu limayendetsa mafuta ake. Njirayi imayendetsedwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa matupi a ketone, omwe amatha kupha thupi ndi kudzikundikira kwakukulu. Choyamba, maselo aubongo amavutika ndi izi. Ngati glucose yemwe amabwera nthawi ya chakudya alibe nthawi yoti ma processor azikonzedwa, ndiye kuti amatumizidwa kwa chiwindi, komwe amawasunga ngati glycogen. Zofunika zikangowoneka, zimasinthidwanso kukhala michere ndipo zimatumizidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za thupi. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (mwa zaka).

Momwe mungakonzekerere phunzirolo

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayeso a shuga wamagazi (onse, biochemical, shuga, immunological), kotero okonzekerani ayenera kukhala osiyana. Musanagonjere zomwe zalembedwedwa, simuyenera kudya zakudya ndi zakumwa. Mukamadya, insulin imasungidwa kuti isinthe ma monosaccharides. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuyang'anira menyu musanadutse kusanthula. Zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo komanso zakudya zamafuta ochulukirapo zimachulukitsa glucose ngakhale atatha maola 10-12. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti maola 14 adadutsa kuchokera ku chakudya chomaliza.

Koma izi sizifukwa zokhazokha zomwe zikukhudza zotsatira za kusanthula kwakukulu. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo masewera olimbitsa thupi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalingaliro, matenda opatsirana, ndi zovuta zina. Zotsatira zakuwunika zimasintha mukamayenda asanapite kuchipatala. Ndipo kuphunzitsidwa pamasewera olimbitsa thupi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kulakwitsa kwambiri mayeso, chifukwa chake ndikofunika kukana izi tsiku limodzi musanatenge zitsanzo. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira za kusanthula sizikuwonetsa chithunzi chowona.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugone bwino usiku, ndipo simuyenera kudandaula m'mawa, ndipo kulondola kwa zotsatira kudzakhala kwakukulu. Komanso musamadikire kuti mukakonzekere kupita ku dokotala, ndibwino kuti mudzayese mayeso musanakonzekere ngati pali zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Khungu
• ludzu lalikulu
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• kuchepa thupi mwachangu popanda chifukwa
• furunculosis pakhungu,
• matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi.

Zizindikiro izi zikuwonetsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga. Potere, kuwonjezera pa kusanthula glucose, ndikofunikira kupenda magazi a glycated hemoglobin, omwe angathandize kuzindikira bwino. Kawiri pachaka, muyenera kupita ku chipatala kukayezetsa shuga kwa munthu wathanzi. Kwa odwala matenda a shuga, nthawi zina kuyezetsa kumachitika kangapo patsiku (ndi glucometer) kuti apereke mankhwala a insulini komanso chakudya chapadera. Muyezo wamagulu a shuga mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 40, 50 ndi 60 afotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Kulekerera kwa glucose

Kuyesaku kumadutsa pambuyo poyesedwa koyambirira kwa shuga. M'madzi ofunda (voliyumu ya 200 ml), magalamu 75 a shuga ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndikuledzera. Pambuyo maola awiri, magazi amatengedwanso. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo asadye, osamwa, koma amangokhala kwa maola awiri, apo ayi zotsatira za kusanthula zidzakhala zolakwika. Ngati chiwopsezochi chitalephera, ndiye kuti ndende ya shuga ikhala 7.8-11.1 mmol / L. Ngati matendawa adayamba kale, ndiye kuti manambala adzakwera kwambiri.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika ndi izi:

• vuto la mtima
• pachimake ubongo
• acromegaly.

Mulingo wotsika umatheka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chotupa cha ma pancreas kapena insulinoma yopanga insulin yayikulu.

Momwe shuga amaziyendetsera

Muyezo wapamwamba wa shuga wamagazi kwa amuna, komanso wa ana ndi kugonana koyenera, umayendetsedwa ndi chinthu cha mahomoni - insulin. Chigawo chotsika chimayendetsedwa ndi zovuta zotsatirazi:

• glucagon - amatumiza maselo apadera omwe ali ndi kapamba,
• adrenaline ndi norepinephrine, komanso ma glucocorticoid mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi ma adrenal gland,
• England chithokomiro chili ndi maselo ake omwe amawonjezera shuga,
• amalamula kuchokera ku hypothalamus ndi gitu planditary yomwe imayambitsa gren adrenal.

Kuphatikiza apo, mitsempha ya visceral imatha kusinthanso njira ya mahomoni. Gawo la parasympathetic limachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, pomwe gawo lazachifundo limawonjezera.

Mlingo wabwinobwino wamagazi mwa amuna ndi 3.3-5,5 mmol / L. Okwatirana sakukhudzana ndi zomwe zili mumutuwu. Phunziroli limachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi yabwino njirayi ndi nthawi ya m'mawa, chakudya chisakhale m'thupi la munthu kwa maola asanu ndi atatu. Matenda komanso kusowa tulo zimatha kukhudza zotsatira zake. Nthawi zambiri, biomaterial imatengedwa kuchokera pakati chala. Kodi shuga ya magazi yovomerezeka mwa abambo ndi yotani?

Kuzunzika kovomerezeka sikuyenera kudutsa pakhomo la 5.6 mmol / L. Magazi a venous akatengedwa, mulingo woyenera udzakhazikika kuyambira 4.0 mpaka 6.1. Vuto lakusokonekera kwa glucose limadziwika pamlingo wa 5.6-6.6 pamimba yopanda kanthu. Matendawa amatchedwa kulolerana ndipo amatchedwa harbinger wa matenda oopsa a shuga. Kuti muzindikire matenda oyenera, kuyesedwa kwa labotale kwa kulekera kwa mapiritsi a glucose kuyenera kuchitika.

Ngati zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwaposachedwa kupitirira 6.7 mmol / l, ndiwo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa amuna, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga. Komabe, kuyesa kowonjezereka kumafunikira kuti zitsimikizike kuti matendawo ndi olondola:

• kuyeserera kwapadera kwa glucose,
• kusanthula mobwerezabwereza kuyenera kuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu,
• fotokozerani kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycosylated.

Mukatha kudya, shuga yovomerezeka ya shuga sayenera kupitirira 7.8 mmol / L. Ngati mulingo wabwinobwino, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kuti thupi silikusintha.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Madzi Akuluakulu a shuga

Codeyo imasweka m'magazi mwa amuna, imatha kuchuluka, koma izi sizichitika chimodzimodzi. Ngati munthu alibe zizolowezi zoyipa ndipo amadya moyenerera, ndiye kuti izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matendawa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi:

• kusuta
• mowa
• kudya kwambiri, komwe kumakhala chakudya chamafuta,
• matenda ashuga
• zopsinjika pafupipafupi
• kugwiritsa ntchito ma diuretics, steroid, komanso njira zakulera,
• matenda endocrine
• matenda a ziwalo zamkati, mwachitsanzo, impso, kapamba.

Zakudya kuti muchepetse shuga

Mafuta ochulukirapo amatha kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapadera, zomwe zimatanthawuza kuthetsedwa kwa chakudya chamafuta, zomwe zimapezeka muzinthu zotsatirazi:

• chakudya chofulumira
• muffin, confectionery ndi shuga,
• mankhwala okazinga, osuta,
• marinade
• madzi ochokera kumafupa,
• kaboni kaboni komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Kuti muchite ma metabolic munjira yofananira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito izi:

• masamba ndi masamba
• zipatso ndi zipatso
• tiyi wobiriwira
• nyama yatsopano
• nsomba zam'nyanja
• mtedza.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kukwera miyendo kuyeneranso kuwonjezeredwa ku chakudya choyenera.

Shuga wochepa

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi (zomwe zimafotokozedwa mwa amuna zimafotokozedwa pamwambapa), zomwe zimachepera atatu mmol / l. Izi matenda amatchedwa hypoglycemia. Zomwe zimayambitsa: kupsinjika, kugona nthawi yayitali, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mowa komanso matenda ashuga. Hypoglycemia ndi matenda oopsa, chifukwa chomwe kupatsa kwamunthu mpweya mu ziwiya zaubongo kusokonezeka. Chifukwa cha njala ya oxygen, kupuma kumatha kuchitika. Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi:

• chizungulire ndi kufooka wamba,
• palpitations
• mutu wokhazikika
• malaise kwambiri, thukuta,
• spasms ndiyotheka.

Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, abambo athanzi amayenera kuwunika kawiri pachaka.

Momwe mungabwezerere shuga kukhala wabwinobwino

Ndi zopatuka zazing'ono kuchokera pazovomerezeka, zitha kuwongoleredwa ndi njira yamagetsi. Hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri imadziwika pambuyo pakupezeka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa amuna. Mankhwalawa amangokhala ochulukirapo, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amapezeka muzakudya. Pachifukwa ichi, simuyenera kudya mikate yoyera, zinthu zokhala ndi shuga, pasitala, mbatata, vinyo, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa shuga. Izi zikuphatikiza tomato, kabichi, nkhaka, anyezi, nyemba, dzungu, udzu winawake.

Osadandaula kwambiri ngati hypoglycemia yapezeka pambuyo poyesa shuga wa magazi mwa amuna. Chizolowezi, monga tanena kale, chimakhala pafupifupi mamililita atatu / l, koma ngati zotsatira zake ndizochepa, ndikulimbikitsa kuwonjezera mapuloteni, omwe amapezeka mokwanira mu zinthu zamkaka, mumphaka wopanda, nyemba, ndi mtedza. Njira zodzitetezera za shuga ndi magazi ochulukirapo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso kulimbitsa thupi mokwanira. Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumakhudzana ndi matenda a ziwalo zamkati zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikufalikira kwa shuga, ndikofunikira kuchitira matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda a chiwindi, kapamba, pituitary gland.

Ndi hyperglycemia yotsika kwambiri, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga m'magazi, koma osachulukitsa mapangidwe a insulin. Ngati insulin ikusowa, muyezo umodzi wa mankhwalawa umaperekedwa kwa wodwala aliyense, womwe umathandizidwa mwachangu.

Pomaliza

Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zomwe zimachitika zimadalira mwachindunji zaka komanso zimakhala ndi malire, kuti aliyense athe kuwunika momwe alili ndipo ngati zingakhale zovuta, afunsane ndi dokotala. Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga akangoyambira kucheza ndi akatswiri kuchipatala, amapeza mwayi wokhala ndi thanzi labwino.