Kodi kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumati chiyani ndi shuga wamba: miyambo, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi chithandizo

Low insulini yokhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino imayambitsa kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa kagayidwe ka thupi ka munthu. Kenako, izi zimatha kubweretsa kukula kwa shuga, glucosuria ndi ketosis.

Insulin ndi mahomoni opangidwa mu kapamba, m'thupi momwe mumakhala gawo la glucose m'magazi. Zimakhudzanso kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi lathu.

Kuopsa kochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni

Insulin yotsika ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga. Ndikusowa kwa timadzi timeneti, kudalira insulini kumatha kukula - chinthucho chimayenera kubayidwa nthawi zonse m'thupi la wodwalayo kuti chikhalebe chokwanira mumagazi. Kulephera kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wa thupi. Maselo amisempha, yochepa kuchuluka kwa glucose, amayamba kuyang'ana magwero ena kuti apange mphamvu. Mafuta amtunduwu m'malo mwake amakhala ndi mafuta. Popita nthawi, zinthu zake zowola zimadziunjikira m'thupi mokulira ndipo zimapangitsa kukomoka ndi kufa chifukwa cha kuledzera.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumatsitsidwa, kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwamchere wamchere kumachitika, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa magazi. Chifukwa cha izi, magazi omwe amapezeka ku ziwalo zonse, kuphatikizapo ubongo, amasokonezeka.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin chifukwa cha kukanika kwa khungu, ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa anthu aku US. Popanda kulandira chithandizo chofunikira, wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 20. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa jakisoni wa mahomoni kapena kutsata kwamlomo, mutha kukhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi 50.

Zizindikiro za Insulin Yochepa

Ndi mulingo wocheperako wa timadzi timeneti m'magazi, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kuwoneka:

Mwazi wamagazi ambiri. Ngati insulin ndi yocheperapo kapena yopangidwa nkomwe, glucose amasiya kutumizidwa m'maselo, otsalira m'magazi. Maselo amayamba kuyang'ana gwero lina la zakudya. Izi zimatchedwa shuga 1 mtundu. Odwala ayenera kulandira jakisoni wokhazikika wa mahomoni.
Nthawi zina vutoli silili mu kusowa kwa insulin yokha, koma kuphwanya momwe amagwirizanirana ndi ma cell receptors, omwe amalepheretsa kuchita ntchito zake. Izi zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, omwe ndi matenda.
Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumawonjezeka. Kukweza kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumabweretsa kuti amatunga madzi kuchokera mthupi, izi zimabweretsa polyuria - kuchuluka kwamkodzo.
Kumva ludzu pafupipafupi. Chifukwa chowonjezera pakumwa madzi ndi thupi, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri amamva ludzu, komwe ndi njira yachilengedwe yopangidwira madziwo.

Hormone insulin

Insulin yaumunthu imapangidwa ndi maselo apadera (ma cell a beta) a kapamba. Maselo, ambiri, amapezeka mchira wa gland ndipo amatchedwa islets of Langerhans. Zilimo mu kapamba. Insulin ndi yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kodi zikuyenda bwanji?

Mothandizidwa ndi insulini, kupezeka kwa membrane wa khungu kumakhala bwino, ndipo shuga umadutsa mosavuta.
Insulin imakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwa glucose kupita m'misika yamatumbo ndi chiwindi
Insulin yamagazi imathandizira kuthana ndi shuga.
Amachepetsa ntchito za ma enzyme omwe amawononga glycogen ndi mafuta.

Kukula kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa ndi maselo ake amthupi kumabweretsa kuti munthu amayamba ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Pankhaniyi, ma cell a beta amawonongedwa mosasinthika, momwe insulin imayenera kupangidwira panthawi ya chakudya.Munthu wodwala matendawa amafunika kuperekera insulin yopanga mosaka. Ngati timadzi timeneti timapangika m'mankhwala oyenera, koma ma cell a cell amawaganizira, izi zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Insulin sikugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa poyambira, koma matendawa akamapitilira, endocrinologist amatha kupereka jakisoni kuti achepetse katundu pa kapamba.

Mpaka posachedwapa, mankhwala omwe amapangidwa pamaziko a mahomoni a nyama kapena insulin yosinthidwa, momwe amino acid wina adasinthidwa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala. Kupanga kwantchito yopanga zamankhwala kwapangitsa kuti athe kupeza mankhwalawa apamwamba kwambiri kudzera muubwino wa majini. Ma insulini omwe amapangidwa mwanjira iyi samayambitsa ziwopsezo;

Kupanga kwa insulin

Kupanga insulini ndi njira yovuta komanso yambiri. Choyamba, chinthu chosagwira ntchito chimapangidwa m'thupi, chimayamba ndi insulin (preproinsulin) yomwe imayamba kugwira ntchito. Kapangidwe ka preproinsulin kakhazikika pa chromosome ya munthu. Munthawi yomweyo ndi kapangidwe kake, L-peptide yapadera imapangidwa, mothandizidwa ndi momwe prroinsulin imadutsira mu membrane wa cell, imasandulika proinsulin ndipo imakhala yokhwima mu mawonekedwe apadera a cell (Golgi tata).

Kutalika ndi gawo lalitali kwambiri mu ma insulin kupanga. Munthawi imeneyi, proinsulin amawola kukhala insulin ndi C-peptide. Kenako timadzi timene timalumikizana ndi zinc, zomwe zimakhala mthupi mu mawonekedwe a ionic.

Kutulutsidwa kwa insulin m'maselo a beta kumachitika kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kukwera. Kuphatikiza apo, kutulutsidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa insulin m'magazi kumadalira kupezeka kwa mahomoni ena, mafuta acids ndi amino acid, calcium ndi potaziyamu ions wa plasma. Kupanga kwake kumachepa poyankha kumasulidwa kwa homoni ina - glucagon, yomwe imapangidwanso m'matumba, koma m'maselo ena - maselo a alpha.

Dongosolo lamanjenje laumwini la munthu limakhudzanso kubisirana kwa insulin:

Gawo la parasympathetic limakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa kapangidwe ka insulin.
Pa kuponderezana kwa kaphatikizidwe, gawo lake lazachifundo lili ndi udindo.

Zochita za insulin ndikuti zimawongolera ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kazakudya. Izi zimatheka pochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ma membrane am'magazi a glucose, omwe amaloleza kulowa mkati mwaselo. Insulin m'thupi imagwira minofu yodalira insulin - minofu ndi mafuta. Pamodzi, minofu iyi imapanga 2/3 ya cell ya cell ndipo imayang'anira ntchito zofunika kwambiri (kupuma, magazi).

Kuchita kwa insulin kumachokera pa ntchito ya mapuloteni olandila mu membrane wa cell. Timadzi timene timalumikizana ndi cholandirira ndipo timazindikira, ndikuyamba ntchito yonse ya ma enzyme. Zotsatira zakusintha kwachilengedwe, mapuloteni a kinase C amathandizidwa, omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya.

Insulin yaumunthu imakhudza ma enzyme angapo, koma ntchito yayikulu yochepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi imadziwika ndi:

Kuchulukitsa kuthekera kwa maselo kunyamula glucose.
Kutsegula kwa shuga ntchito michere.
Imathandizira mapangidwe a masitolo a shuga ngati glycogen m'maselo a chiwindi.
Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mapangidwe a shuga chiwindi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zochita za insulin ndikuti:

Kuchulukitsa kuyamwa kwa amino acid ndi ma cell.
Amasintha kuyenda kwa potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi magnesium ion mu cell.
Kuchulukitsa mafuta acid.
Zimalimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa glucose kukhala triglycerides mu chiwindi ndi adipose minofu.
Zimasintha kubwereza kwa DNA (kubereka).
Amachepetsa kuyenda kwamafuta m'magazi.
Imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.

Shuga ndi insulin

Madzi a insulin amakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa shuga.Kodi zimachitika bwanji mwa munthu wathanzi? Nthawi zambiri, ndikapumira pakudya, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakhala kosasinthika chifukwa chakuti kapamba amapanga magawo ochepa a insulin. Chakudya chambiri chopatsa mphamvu chimalowa mkamwa, malovu amawaphwanya kukhala mamolekyulu osavuta a shuga omwe amalowetsedwa m'magazi kudzera mucous membrane wamkamwa.

Zikondazo zimalandira chidziwitso kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin yayikulu kutaya glucose omwe akubwera, ndipo amachotsedwa pazosungidwa ndi chitsulo panthawi yopuma chakudya. Kutulutsidwa kwa insulin pankhaniyi kumatchedwa gawo loyamba la kuyankha kwa insulin.

Zotsatira zake zakumasulidwa, shuga wamagazi amatsika kukhala wabwinobwino, ndipo mahomoni omwe amapezeka mu kapamba amatha. Gland imayamba kupanga insulini yowonjezera, yomwe imalowa m'magazi pang'ono - iyi ndi gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha kwa insulin. Nthawi zambiri, insulini imapitilizidwa kupanga ndi kutulutsidwa m'magazi m'mene chakudya chimagwidwa. Thupi limasunga gawo la glucose mu mawonekedwe a glycogen mu minofu ndi chiwindi. Ngati glycogen ilibe kwina koti ipite, ndipo osagwiritsa ntchito chakudya m'magazi, insulin imawathandiza kukhala mafuta ndikusungidwa mu minofu ya adipose. Pomwe, pakapita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayamba kuchepa, ma cell a pancreatic alpha ayamba kutulutsa glucagon, mahomoni omwe amasokoneza insulini pazomwe amachita: amauza minofu ndi chiwindi kuti nthawi yakwana yoti asinthe masitolo a glycogen kukhala glucose, ndipo potero amasunga shuga m'magazi zabwinobwino. Thupi lidzadzaza nkhokwe zotsalira za chakudya chamkati nthawi yotsatira.

Amakhala kuti kukhala ndi mulingo wamphamvu wamagazi m'magazi ndi chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwa mahomoni m'thupi, ndipo pali magulu awiri a mahomoni omwe amakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

Insulin ili ndi vuto la hypoglycemic - imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mawonekedwe a glycogen m'chiwindi ndi minofu. Ngati mulingo wa glucose ndiwopamwamba kuposa chiwerengero china, thupi limayamba kupanga insulini kuti mugwiritse ntchito shuga.
Glucagon ndi mahomoni a hyperglycemic opangidwa m'maselo a pancreatic alpha ndipo amasintha masitolo a chiwindi ndi minofu kukhala glucose.

Insulin: chizolowezi mwa akazi

Mulingo wabwinobwino wa insulini m'mwazi wa mkazi umaonetsa kuti thupi limagwirizana ndi kukonza kwa shuga. Mtengo wabwino wa glucose wabwino umachokera pa 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l, insulin imachokera ku 3 mpaka 26 mcED / ml. Miyezo ya amayi okalamba ndi amayi apakati ndiosiyana pang'ono:

Okalamba - 6-35 mkU / ml.
Mwa amayi apakati - 6-28 mkU / ml.

Mlingo wa insulini uyenera kukumbukiridwa pozindikira matenda ashuga: komanso kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'magazi, kuyezetsa kwa insulin kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mumvetsetse ngati pali matenda. Pankhaniyi, kuwonjezeka komanso kuchepa kwa chizindikiro pokhudzana ndi manambala abwinobwino ndikofunikira. Chifukwa chake, insulini yowonjezereka ikuwonetsa kuti kapamba akungokhala, akupereka mphamvu zowonjezera za mahomoni, ndipo samatengekedwa ndi maselo amthupi. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatanthauza kuti ma cell a beta a kapamba sangathe kupanga kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mwa amayi apakati, glucose wamagazi ndi insulin ali ndi miyambo yosiyanasiyana. Izi ndichifukwa choti placenta imapanga mahomoni omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo imayambitsa kutulutsa insulini. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwera, kumadutsa placenta kupita kwa mwana, kukakamiza kapamba wake kuti azigwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso ndikupanga insulin yambiri. Glucose amamezedwa ndikusungidwa monga mafuta, kulemera kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumawonjezeka, ndipo izi ndi zowopsa pamaphunziroli ndi zotsatira za kubadwa mtsogolo - mwana wamkulu akhoza kungolowera ngalande yobadwa. Kuti mupewe izi, azimayi omwe awulula kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi glucose panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala ndikuwonetsa nthawi yomwe adayikidwa.

Insulin: chizolowezi mwa amuna

Muyezo wa insulin ndi womwewo kwa amuna ndi akazi, ndipo ndi 3-26 μU / ml. Cholinga chakuchepa kwa katulutsidwe ka mahomoni ndikuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ali aang'ono, motsutsana ndi maziko a kachilombo koyambitsa matenda (chimfine) - matendawa amayamba ndendende, nthawi zambiri odwala amafika kuchipatala ali ndi vuto la chikomokere kapena hyperglycemic. Matendawa ndi a mtundu wa autoimmune (maselo amawonongeka ndi maselo awo omwe amapha, omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha kusachita bwino mthupi), amatchedwa matenda a shuga 1. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin kokha kwa moyo wonse ndi zakudya zapadera zomwe zingathandize pano.

Mwamuna akakhala ndi insulini yowonjezereka, munthu amatha kukayikira kupezeka kwa zotupa, matenda a chiwindi ndi gland ya adrenal. Ngati, malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso, palibe chomwe chidawululidwa, ndikuwonjezereka kwa insulin kumayendera limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri akhoza kukayikiridwa. Poterepa, ma cell receptor amataya chidwi chawo ndi insulin. Ngakhale kuti kapamba amatulutsa kwambiri, glucose sangathe kulowa mu cell kudzera mu membrane wa cell. Type 2 shuga mellitus pakugonana kwamphamvu amawonekera ndi ukalamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri, moyo wopanda thanzi, ndi zizolowezi zoyipa.

Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe kuphwanya kwa mapangidwe ndi kuphatikizira kwa insulin kwa amuna kumakuphatikizira? Vuto lachimuna la anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi kusabala. Chifukwa chakuti glucose sagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola, mulingo wamagazi ake umakwezedwa, ndipo izi zimakhudza mitsempha yamagazi molakwika, zimawonjezera patency yawo ndikusokoneza kukula kwa magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (diabetesic neuropathy) kumayamba, ndipo chidwi cha mitsempha chimatha.

Pofuna kuti asakumane ndi vuto losautsa ili, odwala matenda ashuga abambo amayenera kuwonedwa ndi endocrinologist, agwiritse ntchito nthawi yake yonse, onani kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin m'magazi.

Muyezo wa insulin mwa mwana ndi kuyambira 3 mpaka 20 mcU / ml. M'matenda ena, kukula kwake ndi kuchepa kwake kumawonedwa:

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa insulin.

Matenda amtunduwu ndi omwe amakhala pakati pa ana. Zimayamba, monga lamulo, paubwana; zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chiyambi chamkuntho komanso njira yayikulu. Maselo a Beta amafa ndikusiya kutulutsa insulin, ndiye kuti jakisoni wa mahomoni okha ndi omwe angapulumutse mwana wodwala. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zili m'mavuto obadwa nawo a autoimmune, matenda aliwonse aubwana amatha kusanduka makina. Matendawa amayamba ndi kuwonda kwambiri, nseru, kusanza. Nthawi zina ana amafika kuchipatala ali ndi vuto lodzaza (thupi likalephera kuthana ndi kuchepa kwambiri kapena kuwonjezeka kwa insulin ndi glucose wamagazi). Muubwana, kuyambika kwa matendawa kumatha kusokonekera, nthawi yomalizira imatha mpaka miyezi 6, ndipo panthawiyi mwana amadandaula kuti akupwetekedwa mutu, kutopa, kufunitsitsa kosatha kudya china chake chokoma. Tizilombo ta pustular titha kuwoneka pakhungu. Chithandizo cha mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga kwa ana ndikulembera jakisoni wa insulin kuti apange kusowa kwa mahomoni athu omwe.

Mu matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, hyperplasia ya zisumbu za Langerhans, insulin, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kumakwera.

Insulinoma ndi hyperplasia ndizosowa, ndipo mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndiwofala kwambiri. Zimasiyanasiyana chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa insulini, shuga yamagazi sagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo amakhalabe okwera kwambiri chifukwa chophwanya mphamvu ya ma cell receptors. Chithandizo cha matendawa ndikubwezeretsa zamkati chifukwa cha mankhwala apadera, kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati shuga ndi wabwinobwino koma kuchuluka kwa insulini ndikokwera

Kwa zaka zambiri osalimbana ndi ma DIABETES?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwitsidwa kuti kumakhala kovuta motani kuchiritsa matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse.

Monga mukudziwa, ndi insulin yomwe ndi imodzi mwa mahomoni ofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Zimapangitsa kuti azilamulira shuga wambiri ndi mita ya Gamma ndikuchepetsa pomwe imakwezedwa. Komabe, pali zochitika zina zomwe, mwachitsanzo, insulin imakwezedwa, koma kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhalabe kwabwinobwino? Za izi, komanso chizolowezi, shuga ndi mochuluka m'lemba.

Mkulu insulin kwambiri mwa akuluakulu

Mu thupi lathanzi, chilichonse chikuyenera kukhala chofanana. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito ku metabolism ya carbohydrate, yomwe gawo lake ndi kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Nthawi zina anthu amaganiza molakwika kuti insulini yokwezeka ndiyabwino kwambiri: thupi silikhala ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi. M'malo mwake, izi siziri choncho. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumangoyipa ngati mtengo wake wotsikirapo.

Chifukwa chiyani kuphwanya kotero kumachitika? Zomwe zimatha kukhala kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake kapangidwe kake kapangidwe ka kapamba (zotupa, ma hyperplasia), komanso matenda a ziwalo zina, chifukwa cha kagayidwe kazakudya kamene kamayambitsa matenda (kuwonongeka kwa impso, chiwindi, ndulu za adrenal, ndi zina). Komabe, nthawi zambiri, insulin imakwera kwambiri chifukwa cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, pamene kapamba amagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi, ndipo maselo am'misika ya Langerhans amapitiliza kupanga mahomoni nthawi zonse. Cholinga chowonjezeka cha insulin chimakhala insulin kukana - kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kwa icho. Zotsatira zake, shuga kuchokera m'magazi sangathe kulowa mu cell, ndipo thupi, lomwe limayesabe kuperekera shuga ku cell, limatulutsa insulin yambiri, ndichifukwa chake kuphatikiza kwake kumakhala kokwanira nthawi zonse. Nthawi yomweyo, kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kokha gawo la zovuta: pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya 2 odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi metabolic syndrome, pomwe, kuwonjezera pa shuga wambiri, munthu amakhala ndi cholesterol yayikulu magazi, matenda oopsa, komanso matenda amtima. Ponena za chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 munganene kuti:

Kunenepa kwambiri pamimba, komwe mafuta amawaika m'chiuno.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa "poyerekeza ndi chizolowezi.

Ofufuzawo amawona ngati majini ndi chifukwa chothandizira kukana insulini: kukana kumayenera kukhala njira ya thupi yopulumukira nthawi yanjala, chifukwa kuphwanya chidwi cha insulin receptors kumakupatsani mwayi wodana ndi mafuta munthawi yoyenera. Komabe, mwayi wakusinthika kwa momwe zinthu ziliri masiku ano zidasanduka vuto: thupi limasunga mafuta ngakhale osafunikira - anthu otukuka amakono adayiwaliratu za njala, koma anthu akupitilizabe kudya ndi nkhokwe, yomwe "idasungidwa" kumbali zawo.

Dziwani kuchuluka kwa insulini (hyperinsulinism) pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi komwe kwatulutsidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu - nthawi zambiri mtengo wa mahomoni m'magazi umachokera 3 mpaka 28 mcED / ml. Magazi amatengedwa mosamala pamimba yopanda kanthu, chifukwa akatha kudya kuchuluka kwa insulin kwambiri.

Kodi mungatani ngati kusanthula kunawonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini? Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake - njira zamankhwala ena zimatengera izi: mwachitsanzo, ngati kuphwanya kuyanjana ndi kukhalapo kwa insulinoma, wodwalayo amaperekedwa kuti amuchotsere chotupa. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kukwera chifukwa cha matenda am'mimba a adrenal ndi cortex, chiwindi, zotupa za pituitary, muyenera kuthana ndi matenda awa - kuchotsedwa kwawo kudzapangitsa kutsika kwa insulin. Eya, ngati choyambitsa matendawa ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya ndi matenda ashuga, chakudya chapadera cha carb chapadera ndi mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kukweza chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin ingathandize.

Miyezi yambiri ya insulini yomwe imakwera nthawi zambiri imapezeka pathupi - pamenepa amalankhula za chitukuko cha matenda ashuga.Kodi chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga chotere kwa mayi ndi mwana ndi chiani? Mwana akhoza kukhala wamkulu kwambiri, wokhala ndi mapewa ochulukirapo, ndipo izi ndizowopsa pakubadwa kwamtsogolo - khanda limangokhala mu ngalande yobadwa. Kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha kuyambitsa fetal hypoxia. Amayi amatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga omwe sagwirizana ndi pakati.

Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga gestational chikuwonjezeka:

Matenda Am'mbuyomu
Kulemera kwambiri
Polycystic Ovary
Kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga m'banjamo

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani pali kuchuluka kwa insulini komanso kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya nthawi yapakati?

Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayendetsedwa ndi insulin, yomwe imapangidwa mu kapamba. Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yake, shuga amasungidwa ndi maselo, ndipo mulingo wake m'magazi umachepa. Nthawi yapakati, placenta imapanga mahomoni omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Glucose kudzera mu placenta amalowa m'magazi a mwana, ndipo kapamba wake, poyesera kukonza vutoli, amatulutsa insulin yambiri. Nawonso, timadzi tambiri tambiri timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timapangitsa kuti magazi azisungidwa mosavuta komanso kuti asanduke mafuta osungira. Zotsatira zake, kulemera kwa mwana wamtsogolo kukukula mwachangu - pali macrosomia ya mwana wosabadwayo.

About insulin

Chifukwa chake, insulin ndi amodzi mwa mahomoni amenewo omwe amayang'anira kuwongolera njira zonse mthupi la munthu aliyense. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi amene "amachititsa" kagayidwe kazakudya zamapuloteni ndi mafuta - monga zikuwonekera ndi munthu wina wokhudza glucometer. Komabe, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusunga shuga wamwazi pamalo oyenera. Izi, zimapereka mphamvu yokwanira posinthana mwazotheka.

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa insulin mwa munthu wokhala ndi thanzi labwinobwino ndi:

mwa ana - kuyambira 3.0 mpaka 20,0 μU pa ml,
Akuluakulu - kuyambira 3.0 mpaka 25.0 μU pa ml (wotsimikiza bwino kugwiritsa ntchito gluioneter wa bionime),
mwa anthu achikulire kuposa zaka 60 - kuyambira 6.0 mpaka 35.0 mcU pa ml. Zizindikiro zonse zomwe zaperekedwa zikuwonetsa zodziwika.

Mofananamo, zomwe zikuwonetsa zikupezeka zambiri kapena zochepa, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi katswiri kuti mupeze zomwe zimayambitsa izi. Makamaka, ngati zikuwoneka kuti insulini yowonjezereka, koma shuga, monga momwe mayesowa akuwonekera, ndizabwinobwino, monga Akku Chek akunenera.

Za kukweza

Mlingo wokwera kwambiri wa mahomoni omwe amaperekedwa m'magazi ukhoza kukhala umboni wowonekeratu wa zovuta zambiri zaumoyo. Choyamba, tikulankhula za matenda ashuga a gulu lachiwiri. Kupatuka komwe kunaperekedwa, komwe shuga amakhala kwambiri kapena pang'ono, kumapezeka kwambiri, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito TC Contour.

Komanso, chiwonetserochi chimatha kunena za matenda osokoneza bongo monga matenda a Cushing. Zosowa kokwanira, komabe pali mawonekedwe monga acromegaly. Amawonetsedwa mu chiwopsezo chofunikira kwambiri cha kukula kwa mahomoni. Pankhaniyi, shuga wamagazi ndimakhala abwinobwino, koma insulin imachulukitsidwa kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, vuto lomwe limaperekedwa mthupi la munthu ndi umboni wa matenda ena omwe amafanana mwachindunji ndi chiwindi. Kuwonetsera uku kuyenera kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro chachikulu cha insulinoma, ndiko kuti, chotupa chomwe chimatulutsa insulin. Ndi chifukwa ichi kuti insulin nthawi zambiri imachulukitsidwa, koma shuga amakhalanso wabwinobwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndi shuga omwe waperekedwa, chiopsezo chotchedwa dystrophic myotonia, chomwe ndi matenda a neuromuscular, ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Poganizira chilengedwe komanso kuvuta kwa njirayi, ikhoza kuwonetsa gawo loyambirira la kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa gawo lirilonse la maselo ku mahomoni ndi ma carbohydrate.

Insulin yowonjezereka imatha kupezeka bwino m'magazi a amayi apakati, omwe amapezeka ngakhale koyambirira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezeraku kuyenera kuganiziridwa monga kuyankha kwa munthu ku dziko latsopano malinga ndi chilengedwe.

Ndikofunikanso kuganizira kuti kupatuka kwina kulikonse kwa insulin mwa akazi kupita kumtunda ndi chizindikiro cha matenda monga polycystic ovary. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwoneka kwa izi, pomwe mafuta am'mimbamo mwachidziwikire amawonjezeka.

Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti matenda aliwonse omwe afotokozedwa pano ndi mtundu wokhazikika womwe ungayimitsidwe ndikuthandizira kwachipatala kwakanthawi. Mwanjira imeneyi ndi pomwe pokhazikitsa bata ndi insulini ngati chimodzi mwazomwe zikuwonetsedwa chikuwonjezereka. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuzindikira zomwe kuchepetsa kapena njira zowonongera insulin ndi shuga zinganene.

Kodi matenda ashuga amakono amawonekera bwanji mwa mkazi?

Monga lamulo, iye samavutitsa mayi woyembekezera m'njira iliyonse, ndipo amapezeka mwamwayi akamadutsa mayeso achizolowezi, makamaka mayeso ololera a glucose, omwe amachitika pakatha masabata 26-28 oyembekezera. Nthawi zina matendawa amawonekera mowonekera bwino: kupumula kwamatenda akulu, ludzu losatha komanso kukodza kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga a Gestational angayikiridwe ndi ultrasound ya mwana wosabadwayo - kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake kungasonyeze kukula kwa matendawa.

Mtengo wabwinobwino wa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'madzi a m'magazi panthawi ya pakati ndi 6-28 mkU / ml, shuga - mpaka 5.1 mmol / l. Nthawi zina, kuphatikiza pa mayesowa, kafukufuku wa "glycated hemoglobin" - amawonetsa kutalika komwe mayi amakhala ndi matenda a shuga. Glycated hemoglobin ndi hemoglobin wopangidwa kuchokera ku glucose. Amapangidwa pomwe misempha ya shuga yamwazi imakwezedwa nthawi yayitali (mpaka miyezi itatu).

Kodi kuchitira matenda ashuga?

Choyamba, mayi amayenera kudya zakudya zamagulu ochepa komanso kudziyang'anira shuga wa m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yosunthira, pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya. Zolakwika zambiri zimatha kuwongoleredwa ndi chakudya choyenera kupatula "chakudya chambiri", chakudya chofunikira komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi (kuyenda, kusambira). Maphunziro akuthupi ndi ofunikira kwambiri - chifukwa masewera olimbitsa thupi amapereka thupi ndi mpweya, kusintha kagayidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito shuga ochulukirapo ndikuthandizira kusintha kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi. Koma ngati njira izi sizinathandize, mayi woyembekezera akuyembekezera jakisoni wa insulin, kuloledwa panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati. Monga lamulo, ma insulin "afupikitsidwe" amayikidwa kudya musanadye, komanso "kutalika" asanagone komanso m'mawa. Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka kumapeto kwa kutenga pakati, ndipo pambuyo poti abadwa ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amachoka okha, ndipo chithandizo chowonjezera sichofunikira.

Mankhwala ambiri a insulin ndi vuto lomwe limachitika ubwana. Ana ochulukirachulukira akuvutika ndi kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, ndipo makolo nthawi zina saganiza kuti ndi owopsa bwanji m'thupi. Inde, pali zochitika pamene kuchuluka kwa insulin kumalumikizidwa ndi zochitika zina: mwa ana, monga akuluakulu, pakhoza kukhala zotupa ndi matenda a pituitary gland, adrenal gland ndi cortex, insulinomas. Koma nthawi zambiri, kuphwanya kwamphamvu kagayidwe kachakudya kamakhala ndi chibadwa, pomwe zakudya zosayenera, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kupanikizika zimapanikizika.

Zotsatira zake, mwana amakula matenda amtundu wa 2, womwe, ngakhale akugwira ntchito kapamba ndi insulin, maselo amataya chidwi chake. Tsoka ilo, madokotala akuti mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri tsopano ndi "wachichepere" - ana ochulukirapo akuvutika ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kuchepa kwa metabolic komanso kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya.

Kodi ndingatani ngati kuyezetsa magazi kwa mwana kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini? Choyamba, ndikofunikira kupatula matenda chifukwa kupangika kwa mahomoni (insulin, hyperplasia ya islets ya Langerhans, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, pituitary ndi adrenal gland). Ngati maphunzirowa atatha kupezeka matendawa sakupezeka, ndipo pali zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 2, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi kubwezeretsa chidwi cha maselo a cell kuti azikhala ndi insulini ndikuchepetsa katundu pancreas kuti isachokere ku kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa mahomoni. Izi zitha kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala apadera, zakudya zama carb otsika komanso maphunziro olimbitsa thupi. Kuwonongeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kunenepa kwambiri mwa mwana ndi nthawi yobwereza mndandanda ndi moyo wa banja lonse: inde - masewera ndi zakudya zoyenera, ayi - chakudya chofulumira komanso sabata kumapeto.

Zoyambitsa Miyezo Ya insulin Yokwera

Kuchuluka kwa insulini mwa anthu kumatha kukhala pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mankhwala, secretion ya mahomoni owonjezera imatchedwa "hyperinsulinism." Kutengera ndi zomwe zidayambitsa, matendawa ndi omwe amawoneka kuti ali ndi matendawa:

Pulayimale imalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa glucagon secretion komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin yopangidwa ndi maselo a beta a pancreatic a Langerhans. Izi zimachitika:

Zikondamoyo zimakhudzidwa ndi chotupa chomwe chimawonjezera kupanga kwa insulin. Monga lamulo, zotupa zoterezi zimakhala zopanda vuto ndipo zimatchedwa insulinomas.
Zisumbu za Langerhans mu gland zimakula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitetezo champhamvu cha insulin.
M'maselo a alpha, secretion wa glucagon amachepetsedwa.

Njira yachiwiri yamatendawa siyokhudzana ndi mavuto a pancreatic, ndipo akufotokozedwa pakupatuka kwa magwiridwe antchito amanjenje ndikubisalira katulutsidwe ka mahomoni ena omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha sekondale (yowonjezera-pancreatic) chingakhale kusintha m'malingaliro a insulin receptors. Kodi ndimavuto otani mthupi omwe angathandizire kukulitsa kwa hyperinsulinism?

Matenda Achilengedwe
Matenda (kuphatikiza zotupa ndi zotupa) za adrenal gland, matenda a adrenal cortex.
Kuvulala kwa chiwindi.
Kuchepetsa chakudya kagayidwe kachakudya. Pankhaniyi, ndi insulin yowonjezereka, shuga yamagazi imakhalabe yapamwamba.
Kugwira ntchito pamimba ya m'mimba (makamaka, kupatsanso m'mimba) kungayambitse kuti chakudya cham'mimba chimatulutsidwa mofulumira kwambiri m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndipo zimatengedwa mwachangu kumeneko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kutulutsidwa kwa insulin.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha hyperinsulinism masiku ano chimapangitsa insulini kudziwa ma cellular receptors. Maselo amasiya kuzindikira mahomoni awa, ndipo thupi "silimvetsa" izi ndikuwonjezera kupanga kwa insulin, yomwe, komabe, siyimachepetsa glucose m'magazi - umu ndi momwe mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umapangidwira. Monga lamulo, ndizofanana kwa anthu azaka zapakatikati ndi achikulire, ndipo zimaposa 90% ya matenda onse a shuga. Ndipo ngati za mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga zitha kunenedwa kuti munthu sanakhale ndi mwayi wobadwa ndi jini losalongosoka lomwe limayambitsa matendawa, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga a 2 ndi "oyenera" kwa iye mwini: amayamba mwa omwe amamwa mafuta komanso okoma, amakhala moyo wongokhala ndipo ali ndi zizolowezi zoyipa.

Akuchepetsa Akuluakulu a Inulin

Mlingo wochepetsedwa wa insulin, monga lamulo, ukuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga - chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa timadzi ta m'magazi, shuga sagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma amakhalabe m'magazi. Kutsika kwamapulogalamu a insulin m'matenda a shuga kumabweretsa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa:

Kuchulukitsa pokodza, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo (makamaka masiku a usiku). Izi ndichifukwa choti glucose ochulukirapo amachokera mkodzo, ndipo glucose "amatenga" madzi nawo, kukulitsa kukodza.
Kumverera kwa ludzu losatha (mwanjira iyi thupi limayesetsa kupanga kutayika kwa madzimadzi mu mkodzo).
Hyperglycemia - kuchuluka kwa glucose: kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kapena kusapezeka kwathunthu kwa mapangidwe ake kumabweretsa kuti glucose sakalowa m'maselo, ndipo amamva kuperewera kwake. Mutha kupanga kuperewera kwa insulin ndi jakisoni wokhazikika wa mankhwala a insulin analogue.

Zoyambitsa Lowulin Insulin

Magazi a insulin amatha kutsika chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yambiri. Kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake izi zimachitika, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist. Zifukwa zazikulu zochepetsera kupanga insulin ndi:

Zakudya zopanda thanzi: Chakudyacho chili ndi zakudya zambiri zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso mafuta a nyama, zopatsa mphamvu (shuga, ufa). Zonsezi zimabweretsa kuti insulin yopangidwa ndi kapamba ndiyosakwanira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma carbohydrate omwe analandiridwa, ndipo thupi likuyesayesa kuti lizipanga kachulukidwe kamankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya beta.
Kusasamala chakudyacho (kudya kwambiri).
Anachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira chifukwa cha matenda komanso matenda osachiritsika.
Kusowa tulo, kuda nkhawa, kupsinjika kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imapangidwa ndi thupi.
Kuperewera kwa ntchito yolimbitsa thupi - chifukwa cha iwo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin kumachepa nthawi yomweyo.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amapezeka mwa achinyamata. Awa ndi matenda osachiritsika pomwe jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin omwe amatsanzira kupanga kwake kwachilengedwe kudzathandiza wodwalayo.

Asayansi amawona chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga kukhala cholowa chamatenda a autoimmune, ndipo chochititsa chitha kukhala kuvulala kapena kuzizira, chifukwa chomwe njira yowonongera maselo a beta imayamba. Chifukwa chake, insulin ya mtundu woyamba wa shuga imasiya kupangika konse, kapena siyokwanira kugwiritsira ntchito shuga.

Kodi matendawa amayamba bwanji? Wodwalayo amadandaula kuti afooka ndipo amatopa, amakhala wosakwiya, nthawi zambiri amakodza komanso amakhala ndi ludzu kwambiri, ndikuchepetsa thupi. Nthawi zina mseru ndi kusanza zimawonjezeredwa ndi zizindikirazo.

Pakakhala chithandizo cha insulin, munthu amatha kufa ndi matenda oopsa komanso hypoglycemia. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga wambiri wamagazi amakhala ndi mphamvu yokhudza thupi: mitsempha yamagazi (makamaka impso ndi maso) zowonongeka, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumapazi kumasokonezeka ndipo khungu limatha kuchitika, mitsempha imakhudzidwa, matenda a fungus amawonekera pakhungu.

Njira yokhayo yamankhwala ndikutenga Mlingo wa insulin womwe udzalowe m'malo mwa mahomoni achilengedwe. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ndimankhwala omwe amayamba, omwe amatchedwa "kukwatirana ndi ukwati" amayamba, pamene mulingo wa insulin umasinthika mwanjira yoti wodwala amatha kupanga popanda jakisoni. Tsoka ilo, nthawi imeneyi simatenga nthawi yayitali (makamaka chifukwa anthu amasiya kudya ndipo samapanga jakisoni wololedwa). Ngati mungafikire mankhwalawa mwanzeru, mutha kuyesa kusunga ma cell anu ambiri a beta momwe angathere, omwe apitiliza kupanga insulini, ndikuchita ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa jakisoni.

Type 2 shuga

Kodi matenda ashuga a 2 ndi otani? Mu shuga, insulin sikutha kupangidwa ndi thupi, koma mphamvu ya zolandilira kwa izo imasintha - kukana insulini kumachitika. Monga lamulo, matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 35 ndi 40, ndipo onenepa kwambiri. Choyambitsa matenda a shuga ndi:

Kuwonongeka kwam'tsogolo kwa chitukuko cha metabolic syndrome ndi mavuto a kagayidwe kazakudya.
Zakudya zopanda thanzi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri "zothamanga".
Kulephera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi.

Mu gawo loyambirira, insulin ya shuga imapangidwa ndi kapamba munthawi yoyenera, koma matupi awo samayankha.Thupi limachulukitsa kubisalira kwa mahomoni, ndipo pakapita nthawi, maselo a beta am'mapapo amatha, ndipo munthu amafunika jakisoni wa insulin, monga mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala alibe zizindikiro. Odwala amangodandaula za kuyabwa, kupezeka kwa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, ndipo amawona dokotala pamene matenda ashuga aphatikizidwa ndi retino-, neuropathy, komanso mavuto a impso.

Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, wodwalayo amatha kuthandizidwa ndi zakudya komanso zolimbitsa thupi. Monga lamulo, kuchepa thupi kumapangitsa kuti ma receptor apezenso chidwi ndi insulin. Ngakhale kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umatchedwa osadalira-insulin, pambuyo pake wodwalayo angafunike kuyambitsidwa kwa insulin ya anthu - izi zimachitika ma cell a beta atatha kuchokera ku kuphatikizira kwakukulu kwa mahomoni.

Mitundu ya kukonzekera kwa insulin

Chithandizo cha insulin ndiye chithandizo chachikulu cha odwala matenda ashuga. Kutengera momwe kukonzekera kumapangidwira, pali:

Ng'ombe ya insulin - imatha kupatsa mphamvu mitundu yonse yamavuto, chifukwa kapangidwe ka protein ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi anthu.
Mankhwala ochokera ku ziphuphu za nkhumba. Amathanso kukhala allergenic, ngakhale amasiyana ndi insulin ya munthu mu amino acid imodzi.
Ma Analogs a insulin ya munthu - amapezeka ndikusintha amino acid mu porcine insulin.
Mankhwala osinthidwa ma genetic - mahomoni "amapangidwa" ndi kapangidwe ka Escherichia coli.

Ma Analogs ndi mankhwala osinthika ma genet ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri chamankhwala a insulin, chifukwa samayambitsa ziwengo ndipo amapereka chokhazikika pakuchiritsa. Mutha kuwona mawonekedwe a mankhwalawo pa phukusi: MS - monocomponent, NM - analogue kapena kusinthidwa. Kulembeka ndi manambala kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapezeka mu 1 ml ya mankhwalawa.

Ma insulini samasiyana osati koyambirira, komanso nthawi yanthawi:

"Mwachangu", kapena ultrashort - ayambe kugwira ntchito mukangomaliza kutsata.

Kuchuluka kwake kumachitika pambuyo pa maola 1-1,5, kutalika kwake ndi maola 3-4. Amapatsidwa chakudya musanadye, kapena mutangomaliza kudya. Mtundu waufupi kwambiri wa insulin umaphatikizapo Novorapid ndi Insulin Humalog.

"Pafupi" - theka la ola pambuyo pa utsogoleri, ntchito zapamwamba - pambuyo pa maola 2-3, zonse, zimatha mpaka maola 6.

Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa mphindi 10-20 musanadye. Pa nsonga ya ntchito, muyenera kukonzekera zoziziritsa kukhosi. Chitsanzo cha insulin "yayifupi" ndi Insulin Actrapid, Insuman Rapid.

"Yapakatikati" - gwiritsani ntchito mkati mwa maola 12-16, yambani kugwira ntchito patatha maola 2-3 mutangomaliza kukonzekera, nsonga - pambuyo pa maola 6-8

Mankhwalawa amatumizidwa katatu patsiku. Chitsanzo cha mankhwala - Protafan, Insulin Humulin NPH.

"Yaitali" - ili ndi mphamvu yayitali ndipo imapangitsa kupanga insulin.

Imayendetsedwa 1-2 pa tsiku. Mankhwala ena amatchedwa "opanda pake" chifukwa alibe chiwonetsero chokwanira pantchito ndipo amayerekezera kwathunthu kupangidwa kwa mahomoni kwa anthu athanzi. Mtundu wopanda kanthu wa insulin umaphatikizapo Levemir ndi Lantus.

Kuphatikizidwa, kapena kusakanizidwa.

Pokonzekera motere, Mlingo wa insulin yayitali komanso yochepa umakhala utasakanikirana kale mu syringe imodzi, kotero wodwala amafunika kupatsidwa jakisoni ochepa. Mankhwala amasiyana mosiyanasiyana momwe mitundu iwiri ya insulin imasakanizidwira. Mtundu wa mankhwala, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwake, uyenera kusankha ndi endocrinologist. Chitsanzo cha mtundu wophatikiza insulin ndi Novomix.

Jakisoni wa insulin ndi gawo limodzi la moyo wa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Momwe munthu amawapangirirani zimadalira thanzi lake komanso kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu chamankhwala ake. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amabwera m'mafuta ochepetsa - izi zimapangitsa kuti mayankho ake amwayende bwino m'magazi. Malo osavuta kwambiri a jakisoni ndi pamimba (kupatula msomali), matako, ntchafu yakutsogolo ndi phewa kunja.Pa gawo lililonse la thupi, insulini imalowa m'magazi othamanga mosiyanasiyana: njira yochepetsetsa imakhala ngati yaikidwa kutsogolo kwa ntchafu, kuthamanga kwambiri kuchokera pamimba. Pankhani imeneyi, mankhwala "achidule" amafunika kulowetsedwa m'mimba ndi phewa, ndipo insulini yotalikirapo iyenera kuyikiridwa kumtunda kwa kumbuyo kwa thako kapena ntchafu. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa Novorapid kapena Lantus, jakisoni itha kuchitika mwanjira iliyonse mwamagawo awa.

Simungathe kubaya insulini pamalo omwewo komanso motalikirana ndi 2 cm kuchokera pa jekeseni wam'mbuyomu. Kupanda kutero, zisindikizo zamafuta zimatha kuwonekera, chifukwa chomwe mankhwalawo amalowa kwambiri m'magazi. Njira ya jakisoni imakhala ndi magawo angapo:

Muyenera kusamba m'manja ndi sopo.
Pukuta khungu ndi mowa wokupukuta (ngati sukusamba).
Syringe yokhala ndi insulini yowonjezera ikuyenera kusinthidwa kangapo, koma osagwedezeka - kuti ikhale bwino.
Kenako muyenera kuyimba kuchuluka kwa insulin mwa kupukusira kuyimba mozungulira mozungulira kumanzere kupita manambala omwe mukufuna.
Pangani khungu lanu ndikulowetsa singano pamalo a 45-90-, ndikanikizani pa pisitoni ndikuyembekezera masekondi 15.
Pang'onopang'ono ndikutulutsani singano pang'onopang'ono kuti mankhwalawo asatuluke mu punuction.

Kuonetsetsa mulingo woyenera wa insulin m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ndi kuchuluka kwa jakisoni kuyenera kusankhidwa limodzi ndi endocrinologist. Monga lamulo, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Jakisoni atatu (kadzutsa, nkhomaliro, chakudya chamadzulo) cha "ifupi ", ndi limodzi kapena awiri (m'mawa ndi madzulo) - a insulin" yayitali ". Mankhwalawa amatsanzira kapangidwe ka insulin ndi tinthu timene timatulutsa, koma nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuyeza shuga m'magazi kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.
Mawu oyamba awiri (aafupi "a insulin" komanso "yayitali") asanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso chakudya chamadzulo. Pankhaniyi, kudya mwamphamvu komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizofunikira.

Wodwala akayamba kudwala matenda oyamba ndi kupuma kapena ma chimfine, kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka insulin yofupikirako kungakhale kofunikira, popeza kupangika kwa mahomoni kumalepheretsa kachilombo ka virus.

Malamulo a insulin

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin kuyenera kuchitika motsatira malamulo ena:

Ma syringe ndi mankhwala amayenera kusungidwa kutentha. Ngati insulin yogwira ntchito yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito, iyenera kusakanizidwa ndikutulutsa cholembera.
Kusankha kwa jakisoni kumatengera mtundu wa insulini yomwe ilowetsedwa ("kufupikitsika") kuyenera kubayidwa m'malo omwe mumayamwa mwachangu, "nthawi yayitali" - pomwe imachedwa.
Simungathe kupanga jakisoni nthawi yomweyo - izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zisindikizo zamafuta amkati ndipo zimayimitsa mayamwidwe a mankhwalawo.
Mukachotsa chipewa, peza singano ndi cholembera mu syringe molingana ndi malangizo. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito singano yatsopano ndi jakisoni watsopano aliyense.
Ngati pali vial wamkulu wamkati mu syringe, dinani thupi ndi singano ikuloza m'mwamba kuti vial ituluke, kenako ndikutulutsa magawo angapo amwe mumlengalenga. Mabulosi ang'onoang'ono safunikira kuchotsedwa.
Mlingo wa mankhwalawa umakhazikitsidwa ndikutembenuza woyendetsa syringe molingana ndi malangizo.
Kuti mupeze bwino mankhwala a insulini, muyenera kupanga khola la khungu pamalo ofunikira, kenako ndikulowetsani singano pamalo a 45 mpaka 90 madigiri. Pambuyo pake, pang'onopang'ono ndikudina batani la syringe, werengani mpaka 20, ndikuyikoka mosamala, mutamasula khungu.

Chithandizo cha insulin ndiye njira yayikulu yotsatsira wodwala matenda ashuga. Kuti mankhwalawa abweretse zomwe akufunazo, ziyenera kutumizidwa ndi endocrinologist. Kudzisankhira nokha mankhwalawa ndi ma dosages kungawononge thanzi lanu!

Cholinga cha mankhwala a insulini ndikusintha kwathunthu njira yotayika ya mahomoni ndikupanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pachifukwa ichi, adotolo amasankha mankhwala omwe angagwire bwino thupi la wodwalayo. Wodwala, nayenso ayenera kulandira chithandizo moyenera: kutsatira zakudya, zakudya ndi insulin.

Mwamwayi, kuchuluka kwakadali pano kwa mankhwala kumathandizira wodwala kuti azikhala ndi moyo wathunthu: kuphatikiza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali mankhwala akupezeka, mapampu amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, lingaliroli linazika mizu m'maganizo a ambiri: ngati muyamba kubaya insulin, zimatanthawuza kuti mudzidziwe kuti ndinu olumala. M'malo mwake, chithandizo choyenera cha insulin ndi chitsimikizo kuti munthu sadzakulitsa zovuta zovuta za shuga zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala. Chithandizo chokwanira chimapangitsa "kutsitsa" maselo a beta otsala ndikuwapatsanso mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kukweza kwa magazi kwa magazi. Popita nthawi, wodwala angafunike Mlingo wochepa wa insulin.

Zakudya Zochepa za Insulin

Kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi la munthu ndizofanana ndi matenda ashuga. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chimafuna chakudya chamagulu ochepa (Pevzner tebulo 9). Kodi malamulo okhathamiritsa zakudya izi ndi ati?

Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zopatsa thanzi, ndipo zopatsa mphamvu zake ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Ndikusowa kwa insulin, shuga ilibe nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magazi, chifukwa chake muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri, ndipo zina mwa izo ziyenera kuthetsedweratu: odwala matenda ashuga sadzakhala ndi semolina, mbatata, mpunga woyera, shuga ndi uchi.
Malinga ndi malangizo a dotolo, m'malo mwa shuga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito xylitol, sorbitol, fructose ndi zotsekemera zina. Monga lamulo, iwo amamizidwa pang'onopang'ono kuposa shuga, ndikulola kuwongolera bwino shuga.
Chakudya chizikhala chosangalatsa komanso pafupipafupi, ndipo magawo azikhala ochepa. Chiwerengero choyenera cha zakudya ndizosachepera kasanu, ndipo nthawi iliyonse muyenera kuyesetsa kudya chakudya chofanana.
Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa CHIKWANGWANI mu zakudya, zomwe zimapereka kumverera kwodzaza ndikuthandizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwamafuta ndi chakudya. CHIKWANGWANI chimapezeka makamaka mu masamba osaphika: nkhaka, kabichi, tomato, zukini.
Popeza kuphwanya kapangidwe ka mafuta ndi kuphatikizira kwa insulin ya mahomoni nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndimatayidwe amafuta, menyu uyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi lipotropic (kugawaniza mafuta): kanyumba tchizi, nsomba zamafuta ochepa, ng'ombe, oatmeal.
M'pofunika kusiya mbale zomwe zili ndi mafuta azinyama, yokazinga, msuzi wolemera.

Zakudya zambiri za insulin

Kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti kapamba azitulutsa mopitirira muyeso. Kuphatikiza apo, chidwi cha ma cell receptor kwa icho chimatha kusokonekera - izi zimachitika ndi metabolic syndrome, munthu akakhala ndi matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a lipid metabolism, mtima ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi. Thupi limatulutsa insulin pachabe, ikulimbikitsa kapamba. Kodi mungakonze bwanji kuphwanya koteroko? Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amatipatsa mankhwala, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zakudya. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kadyedwe ndi izi:

Kuchepetsa kwa "chakudya" chofulumira ", chomwe chimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'thupi. Ndikofunika kuwachotsa kwathunthu, makamaka zakudya za "pang'onopang'ono": mpunga wa bulauni, durum tirigu, pasitala, mkate wopanda tirigu.
Kukula kwa magawo - kuchuluka kwa chakudya pa chakudya chimodzi kuyenera kukhala kochepa, muyenera kudya pafupipafupi (katatu pa tsiku).
Ngati ndizotheka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera m'malo mwa shuga.
Kanani mowa.
Imwani madzi ambiri wamba, kuthetsa ludzu lanu lonse.
Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umadyeka (m'mbale ndi zouma).
Pewani zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi sodium yambiri (mtedza wamchere, soseji, chakudya chamzitini).

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe ziyenera kukhala m'zakudya za munthu yemwe ali ndi insulin yayikulu?

Nyama yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa (makamaka ng'ombe).
Mkaka wopanda mafuta ambiri ndi zinthu mkaka wowawasa, tchizi tchizi.
Mazira ochepa.
Mbewu zonse ndi chimanga.
Masamba omwe alibe wowuma: kabichi, dzungu, broccoli, tomato, ndi zina zambiri.
Mitundu.
Zipatso zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.

Ngati insulini m'thupi ipangidwa mosakwanira kapena, mopitilira muyeso, izi zimapangitsa kusintha kwa glucose m'magazi. Ngakhale shuga wambiri komanso wotsika ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kumafuna kutsatira malamulo ena:

Ngati mukuvutika ndi kupanga insulini yovutitsa komanso kuyamwa, pezani chovala pachifuwa kapena lembani chikwama chanu kuti ena azitha kuyankha mwachangu.
Tsatirani wanu endocrinologist pafupipafupi ndikutsatira chithandizo chomwe mwalandira.
Osamamwa mowa, chifukwa zimayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi.
Yesani kukhala ndi moyo wodekha komanso woyezedwa - chifukwa, monga mukudziwa, kupanga kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti tisapanikizike. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali pamavuto amatha kunyoza thanzi lawo malinga ndi mfundo yoti "sipadzakhalanso zoyipa", zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Onani pafupipafupi shuga yanu yamagazi ndi zida zosunthika (glucometer) - umu ndi momwe mungawerengere ngati thupi likuyendetsa katundu, kapena ngati mukufunikira kusintha momwe mankhwalawo alili. Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa glucose kumathandiza kupewa zinthu zomwe zingawononge moyo monga hypoglycemic ndi hyperglycemic coma.
Khalani anzeru pantchito zolimbitsa thupi. Simuyenera kuyika zolemba zamasewera, chifukwa kupanga insulin sikusintha pa nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito shuga kumachitika mwachangu, ndipo misempha ya magazi imatha kutsika kukhala osachepera ovomerezeka. Mutha kuthana ndi izi pakudya chakudya chamafuta ochepa musanayambe makalasi, kapena kubaya insulin yocheperako ndi chakudya (ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala a insulin).
Osanyalanyaza katemera woletsa, cholinga chake ndikuteteza thupi ku matenda a chimfine ndi matenda a chibayo, chifukwa nthawi yamatendayi timapangika timadzi tomwe timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa ndipo timatulutsa insulin.

Ma insulin omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba mwina ndiye mahomoni odziwika kwambiri. Pafupifupi mwana aliyense wamsukulu amadziwa kuti ndi insulin yotsitsidwa, shuga ya magazi imachuluka ndipo matenda amtundu 1 amayamba. Kuwonjezeka kwamankhwala a insulin kungakhalenso chizindikiro choyambirira cha matenda ashuga, pamene kapamba ivomereza kuyamwa bwino kwa timadzi ndi minofu ngati kusowa kwake kokwanira, ndikuyamba kuibweretsa ngakhale yochulukirapo - Umu ndi momwe mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umawonekera.

Chithandizo cha matenda omwe amadza ndi kuperewera kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi osiyana, ndipo zimatengera chifukwa chake:

Ndi kusowa kwa mahomoni, insulin mankhwala imayikidwa.
Ndi katulutsidwe kwambiri ka insulini komanso kuchepa kwa minyewa, mankhwalawa omwe amachepetsa kukokana ndi insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira: kuphwanya kupanga insulin mwa iko kokha si chiganizo, koma nthawi yoti mutembenukire kwa endocrinologist kuti mupeze thandizo loyenerera ndikusintha zizolowezi zanu kuti mukhale athanzi. Ndizosavomerezeka kudzilingalira nokha ndikumayesa mankhwala ndi mankhwalawa - dokotala amayenera kukupatsani mankhwala onse malinga ndi mbiri yakale yazachipatala ndi mawonekedwe a boma laumoyo.

Insulini ndi mahomoni apachirengedwa omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zimakhudzanso kagayidwe kachakudya kazinthu zambiri zama minyewa. Kuperewera kwa insulini kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga - wodalira insulin. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chobisalira cha timadzi tosokoneza chimasokonekera, pomwepo chimapangitsa kusowa kwake m'thupi la munthu.

Zizindikiro za Insulin Defence

Choyamba, chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu ndi ludzu. Ndimafuna kumwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa thupi liyenera kubwezeretsanso madzi otayika omwe amatuluka ndi mkodzo. Kuchulukitsa kwa diuresis, makamaka usiku, kumanenanso kuti muyenera kufunsa dokotala.Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumapitilira muyeso wokwanira, ndiye kuti zikuonekeratu kuti pali insulin.

Sachita nthabwala ndi matenda ngati awa; chithandizo chamankhwala chofunikira chikufunika pano, apo ayi chilichonse chitha kukulitsidwa, ndipo zotsatira zake sizinachitike. Pazonse, ndikokwanira kusunga zomwe zili ndi insulin nthawi yayitali ndiye kuti kapamba limagwira ntchito moyenera, zomwe zimapatula shuga.

M'moyo wonse, nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kudya bwino kuti zironda zimamatirira pang'ono, dokotala aliyense anganene, ndikusuntha kwambiri, chifukwa kuyenda ndi moyo.

Ngati pali insulini yochepa, ndiye kuti chinthu choyambirira ndikugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndiye kuti, zakudya komwe zakudya zimayenera kumwa 5 padera patsiku zofanana, pafupifupi magalamu 250. m'modzi. Ndizofunikanso kudziwa kuti chakudya chamagulu ochulukirapo a calcium ndi calorie chofunikira pakati pa chakudya. Mapeto ake ndikuti, limodzi ndi zakudya, ndikofunikira kumwa zowonjezera zachilengedwe ndi mankhwala, zomwe zingalole kuti zibwezeretsenso komanso kuti matenda a shuga asamayende bwino pakakhala kusowa kwa insulin.

Kukaonana ndi dotolo ndikofunikira, popeza ndi yekhayo omwe angayankhe chakudya chokwanira, kupereka mayeso ofunikira ndipo, pomaliza, adziwe zoyenera, akupatseni njira zamankhwala zochiritsira.

Ngati zovuta zachilendo zachitika m'thupi la munthu, zimayamba kunenepa, kupweteka m'mimba, kusakhazikika kwamkodzo, ndiye kuti zana limodzi liyenera kupita kwa katswiri, chifukwa sachita nthabwala ndi zinthu zotere.

Zitha kupezeka m'maselo a thupi, chifukwa chomwe amalandila mphamvu kuti azigwira ntchito. Kufunika kwa insulin m'thupi kumadziwika kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto loperewera mu hormone iyi. Mlingo wa mahomoni m'magazi uyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu opanda matenda a shuga monga kupewa.

Insulin ndi yofunika, popanda momwe metabolism imasokonekera, maselo ndi minyewa sizigwira ntchito moyenera. Ikupangika. M'matumbo, mumakhala masamba omwe ali ndi beta cell omwe amapanga insulin. Masamba oterowo amatchedwa zisumbu za Langerhans. Choyamba, insulin yosagwira imapangidwa, yomwe imadutsa magawo angapo ndikusintha.

Ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, momwe zimakhalira zimatha kusiyanasiyana osati ndi zaka, komanso kudya zakudya komanso zina.

Insulin imakhala ngati wochititsa. Shuga amalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, m'matumbo mwake mumayamwa chakudya ndipo amapezeka m'magazi. Komabe, shuga pa gawo lililonse salowa m'maselo, kupatulapo minofu yodalira insulin, yomwe imaphatikizapo maselo aubongo, mitsempha yamagazi, maselo amwazi, retina, ndi impso. Maselo ena onse amafunikira insulini, yomwe imapangitsa kuti nembanemba yawo ilowerereke ndi shuga.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kukwera, minofu yotsutsana ndi insulin ingayambe kuyamwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, magazi a shuga akachuluka kwambiri, maselo aubongo, mawonekedwe amitsempha yamagazi, ndi mitsempha yamagazi choyamba imavutika. Amakumana ndi katundu wambiri, amatenga shuga wambiri.

Ntchito zingapo zofunika za insulin:

Zimalola kuti glucose alowe m'maselo, pomwe amang'ambika m'madzi, kaboni dioksidi ndi mphamvu. Mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi khungu, ndipo mpweya woipa umatulutsidwa ndipo umalowa m'mapapu.
Glucose amapangidwa ndi maselo. Insulin imalepheretsa mapangidwe a mamolekyulu atsopano a shuga m'magazi, kuchepetsa nkhawa pa chiwalo.
Insulin imakupatsani mwayi kuti musunge shuga kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo mwa mtundu wa glycogen. Pankhani yokhala ndi vuto la njala komanso kusowa kwa shuga, glycogen imasweka ndikusintha kukhala glucose.
Insulin imapangitsa kuti maselo a thupi azikhala ovomerezeka kwa glucose okha, komanso ma amino acid ena.
Insulin imapangidwa m'thupi tsiku lonse, koma mapangidwe ake amakula ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi (m'thupi labwino) pakudya.Kuphwanya kwa insulin kumakhudza kagayidwe konse m'thupi, koma makamaka pa kagayidwe kazakudya.

Potsitsa mtengo

Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kuperekedwanso kuchepa kwakanthawi kapena mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa chitha kukhala umboni wachidziwitso cha zomwe zikuyambira:

matenda a shuga a gulu loyamba,
shuga achinyamata
wodwala matenda ashuga
hypopituitarism (matenda omwe amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zosokoneza zamtundu uliwonse pakugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa pituitary gland).

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kupangitsa kuchepa kwa insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa mtundu uliwonse pamlingo womwe insulin iwonetsa ikhoza kukhalanso umboni wa zovuta mu kapamba, chifukwa amayang'ana mwachangu pakupanga kwa mahomoni omwe aperekedwa.

Pankhaniyi, shuga amathanso kuwonjezeka.

Kwa omwewa omwe ali pachiwopsezo choyamba chofufuza matendawa ndikuzindikiritsa mtundu wa matenda ashuga, ndikuwunika insulin ndi mulingo wake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zabwino komanso zomvekera bwino zamankhwala amtsogolo.

Za kukhala bwino

Ndikofunikanso kudziimira payekha ngati, pakadali pano, osati shuga komanso insulin. Umboni wodalirika wa izi, inde, kuwonjezera pakupenda, ndizizindikiro zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi thupi. Kusintha kulikonse kwa chiŵerengero cha mahomoni mwachangu kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndili ndi ndime iyi kuti zomverera za yemwe mahomoni ake amapita kupitilira malire anthawi zonse amalumikizidwa.

Umboni wakupatuka kwa insulin kuchokera munthawi zambiri, ndikumverera kwa ludzu, kuyimitsidwa pakhungu pakhungu, kukodza pafupipafupi, komanso kuchuluka kwa kutopa ndi kuperewera. Nthawi ina, tikulankhula za kuchiritsidwa kovutirapo kwambiri, kopweteka pang'ono kapena pang'ono.

Pankhani yakuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiŵerengero cha insulin, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsikiranso mwachangu. Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiro zomwe zaperekedwa, pankhaniyi, zimathanso kudziwonetsa:

zosowa mwadzidzidzi koma zamphamvu za njala,
kunjenjemera kwambiri
kukomoka kwa mtima, komanso tachycardia,
kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
chizolowezi chokhumudwitsa, komanso chomwe chimadzuka modzidzimutsa.

Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti shuga kapena insulini imakwezedwa kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kulowera kuchipatala ndikofunikira.

Zokhudza ngozi

Chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha insulin chimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi la munthu aliyense. Chifukwa, choyambirira, zimathandizira kupanga mapangidwe oopsa oopsa, omwe amakhudza kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mitsempha. Mothandizirana ndi izi, chiopsezo cha matenda amtima wabwino kwambiri. Ndi insulin yomwe imakhudza bwino makulidwe a makhoma ndi maselo amitsempha yama carotid, ndipo chifukwa cha izi pamakhala kuphwanya magazi abwinobwino kupita ku ubongo. Zinthu ngati izi zitha kuchititsa kuti munthu asamaganize bwino komanso kufulumira kuganiza. Monga lamulo, tikulankhula za zaka zakubadwa zopitilira 60 - ndi mu m'badwo uno momwe zovuta zambiri zothandizira zimawonekera.

Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense akudziwa bwino kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin komanso kusinthasintha kwake kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga. Matendawa amasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa pafupifupi thupi lonse.

Pankhani imeneyi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ngati mukukayikira kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin m'magazi, ipatseni mayeso oyenera.

Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti popeza mavuto osiyanasiyana, zitheka kuchitapo kanthu, osalola kuti pakhale zovuta zina.Chifukwa chake, zochitika zilizonse zakusintha kwa shuga m'magazi ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikuthandizidwa moyenera. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati insulin imakulitsidwa kwambiri kapena pang'ono, koma shuga amakhalabe wokhazikika. Izi sizachilendo, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi katswiri.

Njira yotereyi imatsimikizira kusungidwa kwa machitidwe onse amoyo pamlingo wambiri, mogwirizana ndi momwe ndikofunikira kwambiri kukumbukira nthawi zonse ndikukonzekera mulingo wa shuga wokha, komanso insulin m'thupi la munthu.

Kodi gawo la insulin mthupi la munthu ndi lotani?

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani munthu wathanzi yemwe akuchita bwino azilamulira kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi? Zikuwoneka kuti akumva bwino, samavutitsa chilichonse, bwanji? Yankho ndikuti: kuchuluka kwachilengedwe ndi mahomoni ofanana, kuphatikiza insulini, kumawonjezera moyo. Ndipo kugona mopitirira muyeso kapena kusowa kwa timadzi ta pancreatic imeneyi kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, ukalamba ndi matenda a shuga. Ngati munthu azisamalira yekha ndipo akufuna kukhalabe wachichepere komanso kuchita zinthu motalika kwa nthawi yayitali, ayenera kungoyang'anira chinthu chofunikira mthupi. Ndikosatheka kukhalabe athanzi ndi mphamvu pamene "zochulukirapo" za ma hormone zimayendayenda m'magazi kapena, m'malo mwake, ndizochepa kwambiri. Mwamwayi, njirayi ikhoza kuwongoleredwa.

Ntchito zolimbitsa thupi

Insulin ndi timadzi tomwe timasungidwa ndi kapamba. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupereka shuga, ma amino acid, mafuta ndi potaziyamu kupita ku maselo amthupi. Ntchito zake zimaphatikizanso kusungitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a anthu ndikuwongolera moyenera ma carbohydrate. Izi zimachitika motere: kuchuluka kwa glucose kukwera mpaka 100 mg / desilita, kapamba amatembenukira ndikuyamba kupanga insulin mwachangu. Izi zimamangilira ndikutsitsa glucose ochulukirapo ku mtundu wosungira - minofu kapena minofu yamafuta. Akangokhala, glucose amasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu kapena kusinthidwa kukhala mafuta ndikudziunjikira m'thupi.

Munthawi yachilengedwe, insulini ya mahomoni ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri zoyendetsera thupi. Mwakutero:

Zimathandizira kumanga minofu: imayendetsa ma ribosomes, omwe amachititsa kuti mapuloteni aphatikizidwe. Ndipo mapuloteni, monga mukudziwa, ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomangirira minofu,
imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wa minofu. Ma anti-catabolic (catabolism ndi njira yophwanya) zinthu za insulin sizili zofunikira kuposa katundu wake wa anabolic (kulenga). Chifukwa chake mahomoni amateteza ndikusintha minofu,
imapereka maselo a thupi lathu ndi ma amino acid ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito,
imathandizira ntchito ya ma enzymes omwe amachititsa kuti glycogen apangidwe - chinthu chomwe ndi njira yayikulu yosungirako shuga m'maselo a thupi.

Chilichonse chimayenda bwino ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoniwa sikupita pamlingo wovomerezeka, koma ngati zikuwoneka kuti sizikuyenda bwino, kumakhala kovulaza thupi ndipo pamapeto pake kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, matenda a mtima ndi zina. Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin "yapamwamba":

limaletsa lipase. Lipase ndi enzyme yomwe imayambitsa kuphwanya mafuta (triglycerides). Ngati palibe lipase, thupi silimawotcha minofu ya adipose, koma limadziunjikira. Zotsatira zake, thupi limakulirakulira,
timapitiriza lipogenesis - kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acid. Intenagengenis yolimba ikuphatikiza kuwonjezereka kwa triglycerides, yomwe imayambitsa ntchito ya zotupa za sebaceous, posachedwa chifukwa cha izi khungu ndi tsitsi zimayamba kukhala mafuta, ziphuphu, seborrhea, kutsekemera
amawononga mitsempha, ndikupangitsa atherosulinosis ya ziwalo zamagazi. Zotsatira zakuphwanya kwa metabolidi ya lipid, mawonekedwe a cholesterol pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, ndiye kuti khoma lamitsempha limasokonekera ndipo mawonekedwe a lumen amachepa mkati mwake. Atherosulinosis imatha kudzetsa matenda a mtima,
imachulukitsa kupanikizika chifukwa cha katundu wake. Ndipo zikafika zambiri mthupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachulukanso. Momwe zimachitikira chimodzimodzi sizinakhazikitsidwe ndendende. Mwambiri, mahomoni amachitika pa impso ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwiya zichepetse motero kukakamira kumawuka.
imathandizira kukula kwa maselo a khansa. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali pachiwopsezo cha khansa.

Poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga wambiri, munthu amatha kukhala ndi matenda monga kugunda kwa mtima, stroke, myopia, mphumu, chifuwa, kutupa kwam'mimba kwambiri, kuperewera, zilonda zam'mimba. Kuti mupewe zovuta zoterezi, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi.

Udindo ndi zikhalidwe za insulin

Insulin imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti thupi lizigwira bwino ntchito. Imayendetsa kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi ndi zomanga thupi, komanso zimasintha shuga m'magazi. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa shuga, kapamba amayamba kugwira ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka insulin. Hormayo imamanga shuga ndikuisamutsira ku adipose kapena minofu minofu. Kamodzi mu minofu, glucose imakonzedwa ndikusungunuka, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yamphamvu. Izi zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito, nyonga ndi kupirira, komanso zimakhudzanso zolimbitsa thupi.

Kulowa m'maselo a mafuta, glucose owonjezera amasinthidwa kukhala mafuta ndikusungidwa m'thupi. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa thupi komanso kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri.

Munthawi yathanzi, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumadalira msinkhu komanso umunthu wa munthu. Mwa anthu azaka zapakati, chizolowezi chimakhala 3-27 mcED / ml, pomwe azimayi pa nthawi yoyembekezera, mitengo imatha kusiyanasiyana pamitundu 6 mpaka 6 mcED / ml. Mu ubwana, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana 3-20 mkU / ml. Kwa anthu achikulire, 6–35 mkU / ml amadziwika ngati chizizindikiro.

Miyezo yamadzi am'magazi, kupatuka pamiyezo iyi ndi njira zodziwira zizindikiro zoyenera

Muyezo wa insulin ndi kuyambira 3 mpaka 20 μU / ml. Ngati chizindikirocho chikuyenda mosiyanasiyana, munthuyo amakhala wathanzi. Mfundo yofunika: kuwunikira zomwe zili mumadzi am'magaziwo zimachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pambuyo kudya, kapamba amayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu, ndikupanga insulin, kotero magazi ake amakhala okwera kuposa masiku onse. Mu ana, kuchuluka kwa chinthu ichi m'magazi sikusintha mutatha kudya, mpaka kutha kwa unyamata.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa insulini kwakukwanira kuposa kwazinthu zambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, kumatha kukhala bomba kwa thanzi. Popita nthawi, matenda oyamba a ziwalo zamkati kapena machitidwe onse ofunikira a thupi amapangidwa, ndipo njirazi sizidzasintha. Mlingo wambiri wa mahomoni m'magazi umapangitsa kuti kapamba azitulutsa insulini yambiri, koma chifukwa cha mtundu wina wabwinobwino, siitha kuchita ntchito zake. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya izi zingakhale zosiyana: kupsinjika, kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, matenda a kapamba, matenda ashuga.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini mwa munthu, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonekera: ludzu, kuyabwa kwa pakhungu ndi mucous membrane, kufoka, kufooka, kutopa, kukoka pafupipafupi, kulakalaka kwambiri kuonda kwenikweni komanso kuchiritsa kwamabala mabala pakhungu.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi sikumakhala koyenera, izi zikusonyeza kuti thupi limatopa ndi kulimbitsa thupi kwakanthawi kapena munthuyo akudwala matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Insulin ya matenda a shuga amtunduwu siziwonongedwa. Zizindikiro zazing'ono za mahomoni zimatha kukhala zofanana ndi insulin yayikulu, koma zimawonjezeredwa: kunjenjemera, palpitations, kutumbululuka, nkhawa, kusakwiya, kukomoka, thukuta komanso kumverera kwadzidzidzi kwamanjala.

Kupenda zomwe zili mu zinthu zopindulitsa m'magazi ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire magwiridwe antchito.Kulephera kulikonse mu ntchito yake kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi. Kuti mudziwe mu labotale, mitundu iwiri ya kusanthula ndiyodziwika. Yoyamba ndikusala kudya magazi (oposa maola 8 ayenera kudya kuchokera pa chakudya chomaliza). Lachiwiri ndi mayeso a kulolera glucose. Wodwalayo amamwa m'mimba yopanda kanthu yankho la 75 g la shuga kusungunuka mu 250-300 ml ya madzi, ndipo atatha maola awiri magazi ake amatengedwa kuti awunikidwe ndipo mulingo wa shuga umayesedwa mkati mwake. Pambuyo pake zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi.

Chithunzi cholondola kwambiri chokhudza momwe munthu aliri chimatha kupezeka ndikuphatikiza maphunziro awiri awa: m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, magazi amaperekedwa, pambuyo pake njira yothetsera shuga imwedwa ndipo pambuyo maola awiri kuyambiranso kwachiwiri kumachitika. Zotsatira za maphunziro onsewa zimapereka chidziwitso chokwanira pakugwira ntchito kwa kapamba. Musanachite mayeso ochulukirapo motero, ndikofunika kutsatira zakudya kwa masiku atatu.

Mutha kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi kwanu, koma izi zimafunika glucometer. Ichi ndi chida chapadera chodziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zitha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala kapena m'malo ogulitsira zida zamankhwala. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola kwambiri, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

miyeso imapangidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu,
Musanagwiritse ntchito mita, muyenera kuwerenga malangizo mosamala, ngati china chake sichili bwino kumeneko, kafunseni katswiri.
Sambitsani manja anu bwino - izi ndizofunikira osati kokha chifukwa cha matenda, komanso kusintha magazi,
ndibwino kutenga magazi pazolimbitsa zala zitatu: pakati, opanda dzina komanso chala chaching'ono,
kuti muchepetse kupweteka, kukometsa ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kusachitike pakati pilo, koma pang'ono pambali. Ngati mukuyenera kuyeza shuga pafupipafupi, malo opumulira amafunika kusinthidwa, izi zikuthandizani kuti muchepetse kutupa kapena kukula kwa khungu,
Pukutani dontho loyamba la magazi ndi swab youma, ndipo ikani dontho lotsatira pa Mzere wakuyesa,
ikani chingwe mu mita ndipo chiwonetsero chikuwonetsa zotsatira za kusanthula.

Malinga ndi muyeso, zitha kumalizika kale ponena za mulingo wa insulin m'magazi.

Zifukwa zakuchepa

Zolinga zosiyanasiyana komanso zothandizirana nazo zimatha kuperewera insulin. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndizoperewera kwa vuto la kuperewera kwa m'thupi, kudya kwambiri komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kapamba amayamba kupanga mahomoni. Komabe, ndi katundu wolemera wokhazikika, chiwalocho sichimalimbana ndi ntchito zake, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Matenda a dongosolo la Endocrine komanso njira zopatsirana zimatha kuperewera kwa kuperewera kwa mahomoni a pancreatic. Matenda amasokoneza chitetezo chamthupi, amakhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso amakhala athanzi.

Zomwe zimapangitsa insulin kuchepa ndizovuta, kupsinjika kwa m'maganizo ndi kuwonjezeka kwamanjenje. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuchuluka kwa adrenaline m'magazi kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mahomoni am'mapapo amachepa. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso kapena kukhalabe ndi moyo wamunthu kungasokoneze ntchito ya chiwalo.

Cholinga chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi ndichakudya chopanda thanzi, kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri.

Nthawi zina, matenda a autoimmune angayambitse kuchepa kwa insulin. Nthawi yomweyo, chitetezo cha mthupi chimalepheretsa kapamba, chimasokoneza kapangidwe ka mahomoni, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga.

Kuchuluka kwa insulini yokhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino kumatha kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali. Izi ndi malire a zomwe sizingachitike ndipo siziyenera kuyambitsa nkhawa.

Insulin yotsika imayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga komanso kukula kwa hyperglycemia, yomwe imatha kupezeka mitundu iwiri - mtundu 1 kapena matenda a shuga 2.

Mitsempha ya m'magazi ikamagwera pansi, glucose imadziunjikira m'magazi, osatengedwa kupita ku minofu ndi minyewa yamafuta.Izi zimawabweretsa kugona ndi njala komanso kukula kwa matenda a shuga a 1 omwe amadalira insulin. Odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli amakakamizika kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi awo ndikukhalanso olondola pobayira jakisoni wa insulin.

Kuwonjezeka kwa glucose kumayambitsa ludzu lamphamvu komanso losalekeza, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo, makamaka usiku. Odwala omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri amadandaula za kutopa, kufooka kowonjezereka komanso chonde chochepa.

Ngati insulin imatsitsidwa mwa mwana (nthawi zambiri imawonedwa pa zaka 5 - 11), chiwopsezo chotenga matenda opatsirana - chikuku, rubella, mumps, ndi zina zina zimapitilira. Alamu ayenera kudzutsidwa ngati zotsatirazi zikuwoneka: kuchuluka ludzu, kukodza pafupipafupi usiku.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, kuperewera kwa insulin kumawonedwa. Thupi limapanga kuchuluka kwamahomoni ambiri. Komabe, akulephera kugwira bwino ntchito zake kapena kulumikizana ndi ma cell ena, zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwa hyperglycemia.

Momwe mungachepetse insulin

Kuchuluka kwa zinthu izi m'magazi kumabweretsa zovuta komanso matenda angapo amthupi omwe amavuta kuchiritsa. Popewa zoyipa, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kuyenera kutsitsidwa munthawi yake. Izi ndi zomwe muyenera kuchita izi:

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya mpaka katatu patsiku. Ngati mumadya kawiri pa tsiku (kulumpha chakudya chamasana), ndiye kuti nthawi yopuma isanadye chakudya chamadzulo ndi pafupifupi maola 10-12. Mwa izi, maola 4 adzafunika kuti chimbudzi chikhale ndi maola 8 kuti chiwindi chikwaniritse kutsitsa kwa zinthu zomwe ziwonongeka.
Ngati ndi kotheka, yesani kukana chakudya chathunthu cha tsiku limodzi pa sabata. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a pancreatic, chifukwa chake, thupi limapeza mphamvu zofunikira pantchito kuchokera kuzikuta zamafuta. Zotsatira zake, munthu amachepetsa thupi pang'ono, amamva bwino komanso osavuta. Kusala kudya kwakanthawi kumathandizanso kusintha ma genetic omwe amafunikira kubwezeretsa maselo. Kusinthasintha kwamtunduwu kumapangitsanso kuti ziwalo zonse zizigwira ntchito nthawi yanjala. Amadziwikanso kuti makina olimbitsa thupi amalepheretsa khansa. Maselo a tumor samalekerera kusowa kwa chakudya, chifukwa chake kufa ndi njala ndiko kupewa khansa.
Samalani ndi insulin index (AI) ya malonda. Mlozowu umasiyana ndi glycemic index (GI) mwakuti GI imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe amapezeka m'zinthu izi, ndipo AI imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imatuluka mukamadya izi. Glycemic ndi insulin index sizimalumikizidwa nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, mkaka, AI imakhala yokwanira kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa GI. Chifukwa chake pali zinthu zina zomwe iwo eni ali ndi AI yapamwamba, ngakhale zitakhala kuti GI yawo ndiyotsika. Sinthani zakudya zanu potengera izi.
Kukulitsa chidwi cha mahomoni, masewera amathandizira pafupifupi katatu pa sabata kwa maola 1.5 patsiku. Ndipo muyenera kupatula mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi kuchokera ku aerobic.
Ndikofunika kuti zakudya zokhala ndi CHIKWANGWANI chochuluka zimadalira chakudya. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukitsa ndibwino kuchepetsa.

Izi zimayeza pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Kuti thupi lathu lizigwira ntchito moyenera, ndikofunikira kuti insulin ikhale bwino. Kupatuka kwina kulikonse kuchokera pazizolowezi kumatha kubweretsa zovuta. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono, kudya moyenera komanso kukonza maselo a insulin kudzakuthandizani kutalikitsa moyo komanso kupewa matenda ambiri.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin iwonjezeke

Madzi a insulin ndi amodzi mwa ofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu. Popanda iyo, magwiridwe antchito a machitidwe ambiri ndiosatheka. Choyamba, zimathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a munthu ndipo, ngati pakufunika, musinthe.

Koma nthawi zina ngakhale ndi shuga wabwinobwino, insulin imakulitsidwa kwambiri. Zomwe zimachitika izi, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga kapena insulini m'magazi, kuposa momwe amawopsezera, ndizotsika.

Insulin ndi tanthauzo lake

Monga ananenera, palibe njira iliyonse m'thupi la munthu yomwe imayamba popanda insulini. Amathandizira nawo pakuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Koma, zoona, ntchito yayikulu ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati shuga asweka, mphamvu ya metabolism sidzachitika mthupi moyenera.

Insulin yathanzi, yathanzi yogwira ntchito imakhala yambiri:

Ana, kuyambira 3.0 mpaka 20 μU / ml,
Akuluakulu, kuyambira 3.0 mpaka 25 μU / ml.

Mwa anthu achikulire omwe zaka zawo zadutsa zaka 60-65, insulin ikhoza kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 35 mcU / ml. Zonsezi ndizizindikiro wamba. Ngati manambala apamwamba adapitilira, muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala posachedwa - adzakhazikitsa zifukwa ndikufotokozera chifukwa chake insulini imakwezedwa modabwitsa.

Chidandaulo chachikulu chiyenera kukhala mkhalidwe momwe mahomoni amakwezedwa, ndipo shuga amakhalanso abwinobwino. Pofuna kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi glucose kunyumba, glucometer iyenera kukhala pafupi.

Ndikofunikira kutenga miyezo ya shuga kangapo patsiku - makamaka osachepera 5, kuti mumvetse bwino.

Koma ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti shuga amayenera kuwunika kawiri patsiku: m'mawa mutadzuka, ndipo madzulo, asanagone.

Chifukwa insulin ndi yokwera - zifukwa

Ngati insulini imakwezedwa, izi nthawi zonse zimawonetsa kuvulaza kwakukulu m'thupi, china chake sichili bwino ndi thanzi. Choyamba, titha kufotokoza za chitukuko cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga - ndi mtundu uwu wa matendawa omwe amawonetsa ali amtunduwu.

Nthawi zambiri, milingo yokwezeka kwambiri imawonetsa matenda omwe amatchedwa Cushing's. Ndi acromegaly, mahomoni ambiri okula m'magazi amawerengedwa limodzi. Shuga, komabe, amakhalabe wabwinobwino.

Insulin yokwera ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za zovuta zazikulu za chiwindi. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro chofananacho chikuwonetsa kupezeka kwa insulinomas - chotupa chomwe chimatulutsa timadzi timeneti.

Dystrophic myotonia, matenda oopsa a neuromuscular, ndi chifukwa china chowonjezera cha kuchuluka kwa insulin. Mutha kukayikiranso gawo loyambirira la kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo am'mimba kupita ku mahomoni ndi ma carbohydrate omwe amachokera pamenepo.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin iwonjezeke mwadzidzidzi, kupenda wodwalayo ndikofunikira.

Chofunikira: nthawi zambiri mahomoni a pancreatic amawonjezereka mwa azimayi panthawi yopaka. Amakhulupilira kuti popeza thupi limalowa mthupi latsopano, kusintha kotereku ndikwabwinobwino. Koma, komabe, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwunikira thanzi lanu, zakudya komanso kunenepa.

Sitinganyalanyaze mfundo yoti kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi la mkazi nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi ma neoplasms osiyanasiyana - makamaka, thumba losunga mazira kapena thumba losunga mazira limayamba. Chizindikiro pa nkhaniyi chikuwonjezeka ndipo ndikuthinitsidwa kwamphamvu kwa mafuta mu kukhuthala pamimba.

Matenda onse omwe ali pamwambawa amayamba kukhazikika motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi. Koma pali ma pathologies omwe amayamba m'malo mwake, kuchepa kapena kuwonongeka kwa insulin kapena shuga ya magazi. Kodi ayenera kuopa chiyani pamenepa?

Kuopsa kwa magwiritsidwe a insulin

Ngati kuchepa kwambiri kwa insulin, njira ziyenera kuchitidwa mwachangu, chifukwa izi zimatha kukhala chisonyezo cha zinthu ngati izi:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga
Matenda a shuga
Matenda a shuga
Hypopituitarism ndimatenda omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa pituitary.

Wodwala akakhala kuti wachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha kutsika kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, mulimonsemo, nthawi zonse mumayenera kulabadira zofunikira za zikondwerero ndi shuga - zimatha kukhala zazitali kuposa zabwinobwino ndi insulin yochepa.

Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatenga gawo lalikulu kwa odwala omwe apezeka posachedwa, sanakhazikitse mtundu wa matenda, ndipo sanasankhe njira zamankhwala. Pulogalamu yosankhidwa, yomwe wodwala matenda ashuga amayenera kutsatira kwa moyo wake wonse, zimatengera zomwe adazipeza.

Momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa mahomoni mwakukhala bwino

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziyimira palokha mulingo wa insulin ndi shuga. Kuchita izi sikovuta ngati momwe zingawonekere, ngakhale pakalibe glucometer komanso kutha kupititsa mayeso a labotale - ndikukwanira kuyang'anira mosamala zizindikiro zomwe thupi limatumiza.

Ngakhale kusinthasintha pang'ono pa chiŵerengero cha mahomoni nthawi yomweyo kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zonsezi zimakhudza thanzi la wodwalayo.

Ngati chizindikiro cha insulini chikupatika pa chizindikiro chovomerezeka, chakwera kapena kuchepa, izi zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi izi:

M ludzu, womwe ndi wovuta kwambiri kuzimitsa,
Khungu loyera
Kukodza pafupipafupi,
Lethargy
Kutopa

Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumakhala kukwezedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchiritsa kwanthawi yayitali ngakhale kuvulala kochepa kwambiri, zikanda ndi mabala kumadziwika. Ichi ndichifukwa chake onse odwala matenda ashuga kuvulala kulikonse ndi ntchito siziyenera kwenikweni.

Mchitidwe wa kusinthika kwa minofu umakhala wosakwiya komanso wopweteka, mabala amakhala ndi kutupa komanso kuthandizira. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, mitsempha ya varicose, zilonda zam'mimba zambiri zimayambitsa gangore. M'malo otukuka, izi zimawopseza ndikudula miyendo.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa insulin kukwera kwambiri, nthawi zambiri shuga m'magazi amatsika nthawi yomweyo. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro izi:

Zadzidzidzi za njala.
Tachycardia, pafupipafupi zimachitika.
Kunjenjemera mwamphamvu mthupi lonse.
Kuchulukitsa thukuta.
Mkhalidwe pafupi kukomoka ulinso mwadzidzidzi.

Mawonetsedwe onsewa akuwonetsa kuti wodwala amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala champhamvu, simungakayike

Zomwe zimawopseza kuchuluka kwa insulin

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa insulini ya magazi ndizowopsa osati kwa omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, komanso kwa aliyense wathanzi. Izi zimadzetsa matenda osaneneka a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zamkati, opuwala ntchito.

Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa insulini mthupi kumakhudza kukongola kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha. Ndipo izi zikuwopseza kukula kwa matenda oopsa oopsa. Chifukwa chake, ngati mtima wa mtima ukuwonjezeka, chiwopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima chikuchulukirachulukira.

Mitsempha ya carotid imavutikanso, kuphatikiza maselo ake ndi khoma zimayamba kutsika ndi kukula, ndipo izi zimadzetsa kuwonongeka m'magazi kupita ku ubongo. Mwa odwala okalamba, izi zimawonekera ndikuwonongeka m'maganizo ndi kumveka bwino kwa malingaliro, kuchepa kwa zochitika, ndi zovuta zina zogwira ntchito.

Choyipa chachikulu chomwe kuchuluka kwina kwa insulini kungayambitse ndikupanga matenda a shuga 1. Matendawa amatenga matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, popanda jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin, wodwalayo sangathenso kuchita popanda tsiku limodzi.

Malangizo: ngati mukukayikira kuti kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi shuga m'magazi amachoka pamenepa, ndikofunikira kuti mupange mayeso oyenera posachedwa.

Njira zomwe zimatsatidwa posachedwa ngati zikutsimikizika, ndizotheka kupewa zovuta zazikulu.Zosintha pang'ono sizinganyalanyazidwe, ziyenera kufufuzidwa pakapita nthawi ndikuchitidwa moyenera.

Izi ndi zofunikira kwambiri pochitika kuti kusintha kwamankhwala a insulin ndikofunikira kwambiri, pomwe shuga amakhalabe wokhazikika. Zodabwitsazi ndizowopsa, sizingatheke kuona momwe wodwalayo alili wokhazikika, amafunikira thandizo lakuchipatala.

Pomaliza, titha kunena kuti kuwongolera mulingo wa insulini mthupi ndikofunikira chimodzimodzi monga mulingo wa shuga. Kutengera malamulo onse omwe ali pamwambapa ndi kuwalimbikitsa, ndizotheka kupitiliza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri pamlingo wokulirapo komanso kupewa kupangika kwa matenda awo a pathological munthawi yake.

Kuzindikira ndi chizolowezi molingana ndi zaka

Kuzindikira za insulin nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi adokotala, koma ndizotheka kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga, popanda kutsimikizira, kupewa. Monga lamulo, kusinthasintha pamlingo wa mahomoniwa kumawonekera komanso kumva. Munthu amawona zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana zosasangalatsa ndi zizindikilo zakulephera kugwira bwino ntchito kwamkati.

Muyezo wa mahomoni m'magazi a akazi ndi ana kuyambira 3 mpaka 20-25 μU / ml.
Mwa amuna, mpaka 25 mcU / ml.
Panthawi yapakati, minofu ndi maselo amthupi amafunika mphamvu zambiri, shuga ochulukirapo amalowa m'thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mulingo wa insulin ukuwonjezeka. Zomwe zimachitika mwa amayi apakati zimawerengedwa kuti ndi 6-27 mkU / ml.
Mwa anthu achikulire, chizindikiro ichi nthawi zambiri chimakulitsidwa. A pathology amatengedwa ngati chizindikiro pansipa 3 ndi pamwamba pa 35 μU / ml.

Mulingo wa mahomoni amasinthasintha m'magazi tsiku lonse, ndipo umatanthauzanso za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, popeza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumadalira gawo la matenda, chithandizo, mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Monga lamulo, kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga kumatengedwa, kutsimikiza kwa insulin m'magazi kumafunikira pazovuta zazikulu za matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zina za mahomoni.

Malamulo a kuthana ndi magazi a insulin mu seramu samasiyana ndi malamulo akukonzekera:

Kusanthula kumaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Asanalembedwe magazi, sibwino kudya, kumwa, kusuta, kutsuka mano, kapena kutsuka pakamwa. Mutha kumwa madzi oyera popanda mafuta ola limodzi musanawonetsetse, koma chakudya chomaliza sichikhala pasanathe maola 8 magazi asanafike.
Mukamayesedwa, wodwala sayenera kumwa mankhwala aliwonse. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita kusanthula masabata angapo atatha kumwa mankhwala onse. Ngati ndizosatheka kusiya mankhwalawa pazifukwa zaumoyo, mndandanda wonse wa mankhwala ndi Mlingo umaphatikizidwa pakuwunikira.
Tsiku limodzi kapena awiri asanafike ku labotale, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukana chakudya "choyipa" (chokazinga kwambiri, zonunkhira kwambiri, nyama yamafuta, zakudya zamchere kwambiri), zonunkhira, mowa, kudya mwachangu, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi za kaboni.
Ndikofunika kupewa kupsinjika kwakuthupi ndi kwam'mawa tsiku lotsatira la mayeso. Musanapereke magazi, muyenera kupuma kwa mphindi 10.

Insulin yochulukirapo imatha kuwonedwa mutatha kudya, koma ngakhale zili choncho, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kuyenera kukhala mkati mwazidziwitso. Mlingo wambiri wa insulin umabweretsa zotsatira zosasinthika, umasokoneza ntchito yonse yofunika mthupi.

Zizindikiro za insulin yowonjezereka imaphatikizidwa ndi mseru panthawi yanjala, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa chakudya, kukomoka, kunjenjemera, thukuta, ndi tachycardia.

Mikhalidwe yokhudza thupi (kutenga pakati, kudya, zochita zolimbitsa thupi) kumayambitsa kukwera pang'ono kwa mahomoni. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa pathological mwa chisonyezo ichi ndimatenda akuluakulu osiyanasiyana:

Insulinoma. Insulinoma nthawi zambiri imakhala yotupa pachilumba cha Langerhans. Chotupacho chimapangitsa kupangika kwa insulin ndipo kumabweretsa hypoglycemia. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino. Chotupa amachichotsa opaleshoni, kenako pafupifupi 80% ya odwala atachira kwathunthu.
Type 2 shuga. Matenda a 2 a shuga amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, koma sikuthandiza mayamwidwe a shuga. Mtunduwu wa shuga umatchedwa osadalira insulini. Zimachitika chifukwa cha chibadwa kapena kunenepa kwambiri.
. Matendawa amatchedwanso gigantism. Gland yamkati imayamba kupanga mahomoni ochulukirapo. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, kupanga mahomoni ena, monga insulin, kumatheka.
Cushing's Syndrome. Ndi matenda amenewa, kuchuluka kwa glucocorticoids m'magazi kumakwera. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Cushing ali ndi mavuto onenepa kwambiri, mafuta mu goiter, matenda osiyanasiyana a pakhungu, kufooka kwa minofu.
Polycystic ovary. Mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi polycystic ovary, kusokonezeka kwakulu kwa mahomoni kumawonedwa, ndikupangitsa, mwa ena, kukwera kwamisempha ya magazi.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa, kuchuluka, nthawi zina, khansa, chifukwa insulin imapangitsa kukula kwa maselo, kuphatikizapo maselo a chotupa.

Madzi a insulin adatsitsidwa

Kuperewera kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti shuga awonjezeke komanso kuchepa kwa kulowa kwake m'maselo. Zotsatira zake, minofu yathupi imayamba kufa ndi njala chifukwa chosowa. Anthu omwe ali ndi insulin yotsika kwambiri adakulitsa ludzu, kumenyedwa koopsa ndi njala, kusakwiya, komanso kuyamwa pafupipafupi.

Kuperewera kwa insulini m'thupi kumawonedwa motere:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amtundu wa 1 amayamba chifukwa cha chibadwidwe chamtsogolo, chifukwa chomwe kapamba sangathe kuthana ndi mahomoni. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ali pachimake ndipo zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo awonongeke mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi njala yayikulu komanso ludzu, osalolera kufa ndi njala, koma musanenepa. Amakhala ndi zoopsa, kutopa, kupuma movutikira. Mtundu uwu wa matenda osokoneza bongo sugwirizana ndi zaka ndipo nthawi zambiri umawonekera ubwana.
Kuzunza. Kusowa kwa insulin kumatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi maswiti. Kudya kosayenera kungayambitsenso matenda a shuga.
Matenda opatsirana. Matenda ena osachiritsika komanso opweteka kwambiri amachititsa kuti ziwonetsero zazing'onoting'ono za ku Langerhans komanso kufa kwa maselo a beta omwe ali ndi vuto lopanga insulin. Thupi limakhala loperewera mu mahomoni, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
Kutopa kwamtundu ndi thupi. Ndi kupsinjika kosalekeza komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatha, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha kutsika.

Zambiri za insulin zimapezeka mu kanema:

Mwambiri, nthawi yoyamba ndi yomwe imatsogolera ku kusowa kwa mahomoni. Nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala zowopsa pamoyo wamunthu. Zotsatira zamtunduwu wa shuga zimaphatikizapo hypoglycemia (kugwa kowopsa komanso kowopsa m'magazi am'magazi), komwe kumatha kubweretsa kuphwanya kwakumaso ndi kufa, ketoacidosis (kuchuluka kwa magazi m'zinthu zama metabolic ndi matupi a ketone), zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zonse zofunika za thupi .

Popeza matendawa amatenga nthawi yayitali, mavuto enanso amatha kuchitika pakapita nthawi, monga matenda am'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, zotupa m'miyendo, zilonda zam'mimba, kufooka kwa miyendo, komanso kupweteka kosatha.

Momwe mungakulitsire insulin

Kuperewera kwa insulin kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi ndi kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Pofuna kupewa zovuta, muyenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti muwonjezere. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala a insulin komanso mankhwala apadera angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Odwala amawonetsedwa kumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mitsempha ya magazi (Livitsin), achulukitsa kapamba (Civilin) ndi chitetezo chathupi.Nthawi zina, mahomoni amawerengedwa kuti azitha kukhala ndi mahomoni ambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, zowonjezera zomwe zimagwira, mwa biocalcium ndi Biozinc, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwala oterowo amathandizira kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi, kusintha kayendedwe ka magazi ndikuthandizira kuyamwa kwa shuga.

Kusankha kumwa mankhwalawa kumapangidwa ndi adotolo atatha kupimidwa kwathunthu kuchipatala. Kudzipatsa wekha mankhwala otere kuli kowopsa kwambiri ndipo kungayambitse mavuto akulu, mwachitsanzo, kulephera kwa impso kapena kuchepa kwa vuto la chifuwa.

Kuti matendawa azikhala mwamphamvu, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zapadera. Chachikulu chake ndicho kuletsa kwa chakudya chamagulu, makamaka ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic, komanso kupindulitsa kwa zakudya ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa insulini. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chakudyacho ndichabwino, chathanzi komanso chokwanira. Semolina, mpunga, mbatata ndi maswiti agwera pansi pa chiletso. Mndandanda wazinthu kuti muwonjezere insulin: parsley, blueberries, kabichi,

Insulin ndi chiyambi cha peptide, chomwe mwa munthu wathanzi chimapangidwa ndi kapamba. Izi zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji mu metabolism ndipo zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Insulin imalimbikitsanso kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mapuloteni.

Ngati insulin ili pansipa, munthu amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha shuga, chomwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Akuluakulu, muyezo wa insulin ya mahomoni ndi 3-25 mkU / ml, ana athanzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chisonyezo cha 3-20 mkU / ml. Kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi mwa mwana kapena munthu wamkulu kumasonyezanso matenda a shuga 1.

Dziwani kuchuluka kwa insulini mu makanda ang'onoang'ono kungakhale pazisonyezo zina. Mwanayo amatha kumwa madzi mwachangu kapena kuyamwa, ma diapine amkati amayamba kulimba, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi.

Zizindikiro za insulin yotsika

Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ochepa a insulin, zizindikiro zoyambirira za hyperglycemia zimawonedwa - shuga wambiri. Pakachitika kuti insulin yotsika kapena kusapezeka kwathunthu, magazi a shuga sangatengeke kupita nawo kwa maselo pawokha, chifukwa chake amadzaza m'mitsempha yamagazi. Maselo amakula shuga.

Dokotala akapeza insulini yotsika magazi, nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. M'miyoyo yawo yonse, anthu oterowo amayenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikujambulira insulin pafupipafupi kuti achepetse shuga.

Ndizothekanso kuti kuchuluka kwa insulini ndikokwanira, koma mahomoni sangathe kuthana ndi ntchito yake yanthawi zonse chifukwa cha zovuta zina. Pankhaniyi, insulin kukana imapezeka ndipo matenda a shuga a 2 apezeka.

Kwa matenda amtundu uliwonse, wodwala amatha kuwona zotsatirazi:

Kuchulukitsa kwamikodzo, makamaka usiku. Ngati magazi a shuga akwera, thupi limayesetsa kumuchiritsa kudzera mkodzo. Glucose, imakopa madzi, kotero kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumawonjezeka ndipo chodabwitsa monga polyuria chimawonekera.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, munthu amakhala ndi ludzu pafupipafupi. Izi polydipsia zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kufunika kwa thupi lamadzimadzi chifukwa kukodza mwachangu komanso kochuluka.
Ngati chithandizo sichinayambike munthawi yake, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumayamba kuyenda bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zilembozo ziwonjezeke. Pakanapanda chithandizo chanthawi yake, kusowa kwambiri kwamahomoni kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimakhala zowopsa pamoyo wa munthu.

Zifukwa ndi chithandizo

Magazi a insulin ochepa amatha chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana.Kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa, muyenera kufunsa dokotala, kukayezetsa, kumayezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo m'njira zonse zofunika.

Miyezo ya mahormoni imatha kucheperachepera kudya kwambiri komanso kudya zakudya zopanda thanzi, zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu zambiri. Ngati wodwala woleredwa nthawi zambiri amadya mbale zomwe zingakhale ndi mafuta osungunuka, izi zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi magazi ambiri.

Pofuna kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shuga omwe akubwera, kapamba ayenera kuwonjezera insulini. Ngati insulin ya m'madzi itatsitsidwa, pamakhala chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga.

Mu matenda osachiritsika komanso opatsirana, thupi limafooka kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe chitetezo chimachepa. Izi zimakwiyitsa matenda a metabolic.
Nthawi zambiri misempha yotsika ya insulin imawonedwa pakagwa nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa kwamanjenje. Pankhani imeneyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphunzire kuwongolera zakukhosi kwanu komanso kupewa mavuto.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso, kapena, kukhalanso ndi moyo wopanda ntchito, kumayambitsanso insulin. Kupanga kwa mahomoni kumayimira, zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa.
Kuphatikiza kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumabweretsa mavuto m'thupi. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga ambiri, mumapatsidwa zakudya zapadera zochizira.

Momwe mungakulitsire kuchuluka kwa insulin

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi nthawi zonse ndizofunikira, ndikofunikanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa insulin. Kuphatikizika kwa mahomoni awa kumawonjezeka chifukwa chodya zotsekemera komanso mankhwala a insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo atha kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Mankhwala a Livitsin ali ndi vuto losakhazikika, kotero kuti magazi amatsukidwa ndi zinthu zapoizoni ndi shuga wambiri. Mankhwala Civilin amasintha maselo a kapamba, omwe mtsogolomo amatenga nawo mbali popanga insulin, potero amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Mankhwala amabwezeretsa zakumbuyo ya m'thupi ndi chitetezo chamthupi, amalimbitsa magwiridwe ake. Zimathandizanso ngati insulini yotsitsidwa, mankhwala achikhalidwe.

Chithandizo cha matenda omwe ali ndi insulin yotsika ndiyofunika, wodwala amayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala othandizira. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa wodwala matenda ashuga? Thanzi liyenera kukhala loyenera komanso lokwanira. Muyenera kudya magawo ang'onoang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri, kangapo kasanu mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku.

Zakudya zonse zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimakhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic ziyenera kusayikidwa kunja kwa zakudya. Ndikofunikira kukana mbatata, mpunga, semolina, uchi ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimachulukitsa shuga wamagazi ndikusokoneza kagayidwe ka thupi.
Zakudya ziyenera kuphatikizapo zakudya ndi zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kapamba. Izi zikuphatikiza maapulo, nyama yotsika, mabulosi amphaka, kefir, parsley, ndi kabichi. Ngati mumadya moyenera, mkati mwa sabata yoyamba yachipatala mutha kupeza zotsatira zabwino.
Mankhwala othandizika, dokotala amatha kukupatsani mankhwala othandizira, komanso njira zolimbitsa thupi, komanso ma electrophoresis. Kuti mulimbikitse chitetezo chokwanira komanso kuchepetsa matenda a metabolism, Biozinc ndi Biocalcium amatengedwanso, zakudya zoterezi zimachepetsa shuga, zimathandiza kuti shuga azisunthika bwino, komanso zimathandizira kukonza magwiridwe azinthu zamagazi ndi njira ya metabolic.
Mutha kuwonjezera insulin mwakuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi. Ma Hikers amalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ofanana kumathandizira kuti shuga alowe minofu minofu mwachangu komanso amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. ndi katundu wokhazikika amawonjezeka ndi 25-30%.

Makhalidwe a glucose amadziwika popanga mayeso amwazi mu labotale. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mita kuyesa kunyumba.

Pozindikira Zizindikiro, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kudzilamulira yekha ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, achitepo kanthu kuti asinthe magazi.

Mlingo wa insulin

Mwa akazi ndi abambo, kuchuluka kwa insulini pamimba yopanda kanthu kuyambira 3 mpaka 26 mcU / ml, pomwe shuga m'magazi amawerengedwa monga abwinobwino kuyambira 3.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / lita.

Kwa anthu achikulire, mtunduwu umakhala wosiyana pang'ono ndipo umakhala 6-35 mkU / ml. Komanso, zizindikiro zosiyana pang'ono zimatha kukhala mwa azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera - kuyambira 6 mpaka 28 μU / ml. Mlingo wa insuliniwu umawaganiziranso panthawi yomwe matenda a shuga akupezeka.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyezetsa magazi a shuga, kuyezetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin kumathandizira kudziwa ngati pali zofunika zina zamatendawa. Izi zimaganizira za insulin yokwera komanso yotsika.

Kukumana kwa mahomoni ambiri kumatha kuwonetsa kuti kapamba amapanga insulini yambiri, yomwe sikumizidwa ndi maselo amthupi. Ndi insulin yotsika kwambiri, adokotala amawona kuti maselo a kapamba samatulutsa timadzi tambiri tambiri.
Zosintha pamankhwala a insulin panthawi yapakati zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikuti placenta imalimbikitsa kupanga mahomoni omwe amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa glucose. Glucose, nayenso, amakhumudwitsa thupi kuti litulutse insulini.
Chifukwa chake, shuga amapezeka mu placenta ya mwana wosabadwayo, ndikupangitsa kuti kapamba ake azigwira ntchito kwambiri ndikupanga insulin yambiri. Glucose amasinthidwa kukhala mafuta amthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa thupi la mkazi komanso mwana wosabadwa. Popewa izi, muyenera kudya zakudya zapadera.

Mwa amuna, zovuta zimatha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic. Izi zitha kuonedwa mwa achinyamata motsutsana ndi komwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda opatsirana oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo. Komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa chotupa cha pancreatic, adrenal gland ndi matenda a chiwindi. Palibe ma pathologies awa, adokotala nthawi zambiri amawonetsa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga.

Ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, momwe zimakhalira zimatha kusiyanasiyana osati ndi zaka, komanso kudya zakudya komanso zina.

Ntchito zingapo zofunika za insulin:

Zimalola kuti glucose alowe m'maselo, pomwe amang'ambika m'madzi, kaboni dioksidi ndi mphamvu. Mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi khungu, ndipo mpweya woipa umatulutsidwa ndipo umalowa m'mapapu.
Glucose amapangidwa ndi maselo. Insulin imalepheretsa mapangidwe a mamolekyulu atsopano a shuga m'magazi, kuchepetsa nkhawa pa chiwalo.
Insulin imakupatsani mwayi kuti musunge shuga kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo mwa mtundu wa glycogen. Pankhani yokhala ndi vuto la njala komanso kusowa kwa shuga, glycogen imasweka ndikusintha kukhala glucose.
Insulin imapangitsa kuti maselo a thupi azikhala ovomerezeka kwa glucose okha, komanso ma amino acid ena.
Insulin imapangidwa m'thupi tsiku lonse, koma mapangidwe ake amakula ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi (m'thupi labwino) pakudya. Kuphwanya kwa insulin kumakhudza kagayidwe konse m'thupi, koma makamaka pa kagayidwe kazakudya.

Zochita za insulin

Insulin ndi gawo la mahomoni a polypeptide, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri kwa "chilengedwe chonse cha munthu". Kodi ayenera kugwira ntchito ziti?

Amapereka ma amino acid kumaselo ogwirira ntchito. Timadzi timene timathandizira "kutsegula" khungu kuti lisasowe shuga - gwero lamphamvu.
Amagwira nawo ntchito yomanga minofu ya minofu.
Chifukwa cha mahomoni, potaziyamu ndi amino acid amaperekedwanso m'maselo.

Kusintha kwa magawo am'madzi mwa polypeptide iyi kumatha kukhala limodzi ndi mutu, kupweteka kwam'mimba m'mimba, kugona, komanso kudzimbidwa. Pankhani ya malamba a kapamba, kapangidwe kabwino ka insulin kamasokonezeka.

Mlingo wambiri kapena wotsika kwambiri wa insulin m'magazi ndi alarm, muyenera kumvetsetsa zifukwa ndi nthawi ndikuchita zoyenera kuti mukhale ndi thanzi lanu kwazaka zambiri.

Chikhalidwe cha kukhalapo kwa mahomoni m'magazi chimachokera ku 5.5 mpaka 10 μU / ml. Uwu ndi avareji. Pamimba yopanda kanthu, mulingo wake umachokera pa 3 mpaka 27 mcU / ml. Komabe, mwa azimayi pa nthawi yobereka, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 6-27 μU / ml. Chowonetserachi chikuchulukanso mwa anthu okalamba.

Muyenera kudziwa: kuchuluka kwa insulin kumayeza kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mukatha kudya, chizindikiro chake chimachulukirachulukira. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kotere, munthu akadya m'mawa, sizowona. Mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakula panthawi yaunyamata. Muubwana, palibe kudalira koteroko mu kupanga mahomoni.

Mwa madokotala, zimadziwikanso kuti mulingo wa 11.5 μU / ml kale ndi chizindikiro cha boma la prediabetes. Ndiye kuti, matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka amakhala.

Kodi chidzachitika ndi chiani ndi thanzi la munthu ndikadzikweza insulin? Shuga wamagazi amatha kukhala wabwinobwino kwakanthawi kochepa zotere. Kudya michere yokha kumabweretsa chakuti zikondamoyo zimayenera kusunga insulini nthawi zonse pamlingo wokwera. Koma popita nthawi, minyewa imayamba kugonjetsedwa ndi mahomoni, ndipo chimbudzi chimatulutsa zomwe zimapeza. Milingo ya insulin imayamba kugwa.

Glucose mpaka imadutsa m'magulu amafuta, glycogen (mphamvu yosagwiritsidwa ntchito) imayikidwa mu chiwindi. Sizimatha kupitirira zomwe zimachitika nthawi yomweyo, sabata limodzi kapena awiri. Izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono. Mulingo wokwezeka wa insulin ndi wopanda pake ngati wotsika. Munthu amawopsezedwa ndi matenda otsatirawa kwakanthawi:

matenda a mtima
Matenda a Alzheimer's
polycystic ovary mwa akazi,
kukanika kwa amuna,
matenda oopsa (kuthamanga kwa magazi).

Ngati insulin yokwezeka yapezeka, ikutanthauza chiyani? Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwundana kwa magazi sikungasungunuke, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa mtima kumasokonekera, ndipo sodium amasungidwa impso. Ndiye kuti, mkhalidwe waumoyo ukukula nthawi zonse. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyipa, chiopsezo cha kuphwanya myocardial chikuwonjezeka mwa anthuwa pafupifupi kawiri.

Zizindikiro za insulin yowonjezereka

Kuzindikira kukana insulini ndikwabwino kwambiri momwe mungathere. Ngakhale thupi silinayende ku ma pathological. Kunena ngati insulini idakulira m'magazi kapena ayi, ndikokwanira kuti adotolo afunse munthuyo ndikupeza ngati zovuta ngati izi zimamuvutitsa:

kutopa kwambiri
kuganizira kwambiri,
kuthamanga kwa magazi
kulemera kumawonjezeka
khungu lamafuta
dandruff
seborrhea.

Ngati zingapo mwazizindikirozi zikupezeka, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyesa magazi msanga. Ndipo ngati nthawi ndi nthawi wodwalayo amasokonezeka ndi vuto la hypoglycemia (kutsika kwa shuga, kuwonjezera apo, lakuthwa), ndiye kuti amapatsidwa zakudya zapadera. Mlingo wa shuga umasungidwa makamaka ndi yankho la shuga.

Zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin. Insulinoma

Ndikofunikira kudziwa chifukwa chake insulin yamagazi imakwezedwa. Zifukwazi zimakhala zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo:

njala yayitali
kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri,
mimba
kumwa mankhwala ena
Pali zakudya zambiri zokhala ndi shuga
kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chiwindi.

Komabe, nthawi zina chimayambitsa vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupangitsa kuti mantha azitha. Kenako mufunika kupuma kwakanthawi komanso kukhala ndi zakudya zabwino kuti mulingo wa mahomoni ubwerere mwakale.

Komanso anomatic yotere imayambitsidwa ndi neoplasm mu kapamba, wotchedwa insulinoma. Mu khansa, misempha ya insulin imakwezedwa nthawi zonse. Ndipo insulin imakhala ndi zizindikiritso zina zowonjezereka, zowawa kwambiri.

Kufooka minofu.
Kudzanjenjemera.
Zowonongeka.
Kusokonekera kwa mawu.
Mutu waukulu.
Zingwe.
Njala komanso thukuta lozizira.

Zizindikiro zimawonekera makamaka m'mawa kwambiri. Khansa ya kapamba samachiritsidwa. Chotupa chimatha kuyang'aniridwa ndikuyang'aniridwa kuti zotupa zachiwiri zisachitike mu ubongo kapena chiwindi.

Momwe mungachepetse insulin?

Koma nthawi zina zimachitika kuti shuga wokwezeka wapezeka pang'onopang'ono, pomwe insulini yamagazi ikutsatira kwathunthu ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwino. Kusanthula uku kukusonyeza kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga. Kukhazikika kwokhala ndi phokoso m'moyo kumabweretsa kulemera ndi metabolic syndrome. Amadziwika kuti endocrinologists mwa dongosolo la prediabetesic boma.

Kusavomereza kwa insulin kumatchedwa insulin. Ili ndi gawo loyamba la makinawa limayamba chakudya chambiri chitakumwa, ndipo thupi limazolowera kwambiri insulin. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti kapamba amatulutsa michere yambiri ya polypeptide, shuga simalumikizidwa ndi thupi monga ayenera. Izi zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri. Koma nthawi zina izi zimachitika chifukwa chokana fructose pazifukwa zobadwa nazo.

Pofuna kupewa "insulin" ya insulin, muyenera kuthandiza thupi. Glucose imayenera kulowa minofu, kagayidwe kamayendetsedwa, ndipo kulemera kumabweranso kwabwinobwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana ndiwabwino. Ndiye kuti, muyenera kupita kumasewera ndikusinthira kuzakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe anu komanso moyo wanu.

Wotsika insulin. Matenda a shuga

Insulin yocheperako imapangitsa shuga m'magazi kukula pang'onopang'ono. Maselo sangathe kupanga glucose yemwe amabwera ndi chakudya. Izi ndizowopsa. Kuchuluka kwa misempha ya shuga ndikosavuta kuwona. Zizindikiro zomwe zimayenderana ndi kuchepa kwa shuga ndi izi:

kupuma pafupipafupi
kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
kusowa kwa chakudya
nthawi zina nkhawa za kusanza komanso kupweteka m'mimba.

Mulingo wochepetsetsa kwambiri wa mahomoni ofunikira otere amadziwika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

Pali njala yamphamvu.
Kuda nkhawa ndi nkhawa zopanda pake.
Ndikumva ludzu.
Kutentha kumadzuka ndipo thukuta limamasulidwa.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa insulini pamapeto pake kumayambitsa matenda a shuga 1.

Matendawa amatenga ana ndi achinyamata, nthawi zambiri atadwala. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer.

Matenda a shuga. Zotsatira za matenda ashuga

Popeza insulin imachulukitsa ntchito yamanjenje imasokonekera pakapita nthawi. Pambuyo pazaka 10-15, matenda a shuga amawonongeka nthawi zonse. Iagawika m'mitundu ingapo: kudziyimira payokha, kotalikirana komanso kowoneka bwino. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi zizindikiro za zotumphukira neuropathy. Izi ndi izi:

kuchepa mphamvu kapena kupindika kwa miyendo,
kuphwanya mgwirizano
kutaya bwino
kumva kugwedezeka, dzanzi komanso kupweteka m'miyendo (nthawi zambiri kumapazi).

Popewa kupititsa patsogolo kwa neuropathy, muyenera kupereka magazi pafupipafupi kuti muunikenso ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kusiya kusuta fodya ndi mowa ndizofunikira.

Inde, matendawa amapezekanso pazifukwa zina - kuvulala, zotsatira za poizoni, ndi zifukwa zina. Koma pafupifupi matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka, omwe amayamba pang'onopang'ono ndikuwononga pang'onopang'ono makhoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi minyewa yamitsempha, ndimomwe amachititsa neuropathy.

Zina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ndi glaucoma komanso matenda ena obwera. Magazi amayenderera mpaka zilonda zimapezeka m'mphepete, kenako ndikudula.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga

Malinga ndi kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga, adotolo adzalembera chithandizo chofunikira. Mu shuga, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale osakwanira pancreatic secretion (ya mtundu woyamba), ndikofunikira jakisoni insulin kawiri pa tsiku. Dokotala amafotokozanso za kusowa kwa zakudya zoyenera kudya, zomwe ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse.

Eya, matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri ndi zotsatira za kupsinjika ndi njira yolakwika, yosagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri imapangitsa kuti insulini iwonjezeke. Mtunduwu umatchedwa kuti shuga yemwe amadalira insulin, umathandizidwa ndimankhwala ena. Ndikofunika kupeza masewera aliwonse omwe mumakonda ndikukonzekera zolimbitsa thupi minofu. Komabe, mulingo wa insulin umafunikanso kuwunikidwa pafupipafupi ndikupita kukakambirana ndi endocrinologist.

Chakudya cha odwala matenda ashuga

Maziko a shuga ndi zakudya. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa insulin. Ngati insulini yamagazi ikwezedwa, zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa.

Zinthu zothandiza mkaka, koma zopanda mafuta.
Mphete Zonse.
Nsomba zamafuta ochepa.
Mazira owiritsa, osaposa 3 ma PC. kwa masiku 7.
Nyama iyenera kutayidwa, makamaka mafuta a nkhumba ambiri.

M'pofunika kudya munthawi yovomerezeka. Kenako thupi pakapita nthawi limatulutsa michere yonse yofunikira yokumba m'mimba.

Ndikofunikanso kuti zigawozo ndizochepa, koma muyenera kudya kasanu kapena kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku.

Tikudziwa kuti insulini imawonjezera shuga m'magazi, motero kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, zakudya zake zimakhala zowumitsa. Pazakudya zotere, ma calories onse ayenera kuwerengeredwa mosamalitsa kuti insulini ikhale yokwanira kusintha molekyu iliyonse ya sucrose kukhala mphamvu.

Moyo wopanda zizolowezi zoyipa ndiye njira yabwino yopewera

M'malo mwake, matenda ngati a shuga sakhala osachiritsika. Nthawi zina, kusintha kwa wodwalayo kumawonedwa. Muzochitika kuti nthawi zonse amayang'aniridwa ndi madokotala.

Koma moyenera, ngakhale kuwunika shuga pafupipafupi, matendawa amapita patsogolo ndikubweretsa chotupa cha khansa kapena kunenepa kwambiri, kufupika mtima komanso kugunda kwa mtima.

Ndikofunika kuyenda koyenda pafupipafupi, kuteteza dongosolo lanu lamanjenje kuti musapanikizike kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi komanso kusangalala ndi moyo. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zopanda mafuta ochulukirapo, popanda kudya mwachangu zidzakulitsa moyo wanu ndikupulumutsani ku matenda ambiri. Osati kokha kuchokera kuphwanya kwamankhwala a insulin.