Shuga ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga magazi ndimagazi, omwe amakonzedwa ndi kapamba. Gawo lazolimbitsa thupi la endocrine limayang'anira ntchito yopanga mahomoni insulin ndi glucagon.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti kusungitsa bwino kwazinthu zamagulu m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, insulin ndiyo imayendetsa shuga m'magazi, pomwe glucagon imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake a hyperglycemic.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kuphwanyidwa, chizolowezi cha shuga m'magazi a munthu sichimayang'aniridwa malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso. Kuzindikira mwatsatanetsatane komanso chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu ndichofunikira.

Choyamba, dziwani kuti zingakhale zolondola kunena kuti "glucose level", chifukwa lingaliro la "shuga" limaphatikizapo gulu lonse la zinthu, ndipo glucose yemwe amatsimikizika m'magazi. Komabe, mawu oti "shuga m'magazi" adayamba kuzika kwambiri kotero kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazilankhulo komanso m'mabuku azachipatala.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (mulingo wa shuga m'magazi) ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe, kuwonetsa kupangika kwa chilengedwe mkati.

Chizindikiro ichi, choyambirira, chimawonetsa mkhalidwe wa kagayidwe kazakudya. Glucose ndi mtundu wamafuta (zinthu zamagetsi) zama cell a ziwalo zonse.

Amalowa m'thupi la munthu makamaka ngati gawo lama chakudya osokoneza bongo, omwe amawonongeka m'mimba, ndikulowa m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, shuga m'magazi amatha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana am'mimba, momwe mayamwidwe amadzimadzi m'magazi amachepa.

Glucose omwe analandila kuchokera m'matumbo am'mimba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono ndi maselo amthupi, koma ambiri amawaika mu chiwindi.

Kenako, ngati pakufunika (kuwonjezeka kwa nkhawa kapena kukhumudwa, kusowa kwa glucose kuchokera m'mimba), glycogen imasweka ndipo glucose amalowa m'magazi.

Chifukwa chake, chiwindi ndi gawo la shuga m'thupi, kotero kuti ndi matenda ake akulu, misempha ya m'magazi ingasokonekenso.

Dziwani kuti kutuluka kwa glucose kuchokera mu njira yodutsa cell ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, yomwe ikhoza kusokonezedwa m'matenda ena. Ichi ndi chifukwa chinanso cha kusintha kwamatenda am'magazi.

Hypoglycemia imawonetsa kuti shuga ya magazi ndiyotsika. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumeneku ndikowopsa ngati nkovuta.

Ngati zakudya zamagulu chifukwa cha shuga wochepa sizipezeka, ubongo wa munthu umavutika. Zotsatira zake, chikomokere ndichotheka.

Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuchitika ngati shuga agwera ku 1.9 kapena kuchepera - mpaka 1.6, 1.7, 1.8. Pankhaniyi, kukomoka, kugwidwa, chikomokere ndikotheka. Mkhalidwe wa munthu ndi woopsa kwambiri ngati mulingo ndi 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4,

1.5 mmol / L. Pankhaniyi, popanda kuchitapo kanthu, imfa ndiyotheka.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa osati chifukwa chomwe chizindikirochi chikukwera, komanso zifukwa zomwe glucose imatha kugwa kwambiri. Kodi zimachitika bwanji kuti mayesowo akuwonetsa kuti glucose ndi wotsika mwa munthu wathanzi?

Choyamba, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kudya pang'ono. Ndikamadya kokhwima, zosungirako zamkati zimatha pang'onopang'ono m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, ngati kwa nthawi yayitali (kuchuluka kwake kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi) munthu akudya, shuga wa m'madzi amachepetsa.

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso kuchepetsa shuga.Chifukwa cha katundu wolemera kwambiri, shuga amatha kuchepa ngakhale ndi chakudya chamagulu.

Ndi kumwa kwambiri maswiti, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachulukitsa kwambiri. Koma kwakanthawi kochepa, shuga akucheperachepera. Mowa ndi mowa zimathanso kuchuluka, kenako ndikuchepetsa kwambiri magazi.

Ngati pali shuga pang'ono m'mwazi, m'mawa, munthu amayamba kufooka, kugona, kukwiya kumamugwira. Mwakutero, muyeso wokhala ndi glucometer ukhoza kuwonetsa kuti phindu lovomerezeka limatsitsidwa - osakwana 3.3 mmol / l. Mtengo ukhoza kukhala wa 2.2, 2.4, 2,5, 2.6, ndi zina zotero. Koma munthu wathanzi, monga lamulo, ayenera kumakhala ndi chakudya cham'mawa chokhacho kuti shuga ya m'madzi a m'magazi itherere.

Koma ngati vuto la hypoglycemia likukula, pomwe glucometer ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha munthu atadya, izi zitha kukhala umboni kuti wodwalayo akupanga matenda a shuga.

Mukamasankha zogulitsa, muyenera kusamala ndi zonse zamagulu azakudya mwa iwo ndi glycemic index (GI) yawo. Ndi kuvutitsidwa pafupipafupi kwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi GI yayikulu, chiopsezo chotenga zovuta za matenda ashuga (kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zam'maso, impso, miyendo) kumawonjezeka.

Chizindikirochi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mukatha kudya, zomwe zimafanizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka komweko pambuyo podya 50 g shuga. Kuyankha kwa thupi ku glucose yoyera kumatengedwa ngati buku. Pazinthu zina, mtengo wake ndiwofanana. Kukwera kwa GI, kumakulirakulira.

Zakudya zokhala ndi GI yayitali kwambiri zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta ochulukirapo pakuphatikizika. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera shuga m'magazi:

• chimanga - mkate, mkate, pasitala,
• masamba - mbatata, chimanga, beets,
• zipatso - nthochi, Persimmons, mapeyala, mphesa, mapichesi kucha ndi ma apricots,
• maswiti - makeke, ayisikilimu, maswiti, chokoleti.

Zakudya zomanga thupi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwamunthu wabwino, chifukwa chake simungathe kuwasiya kwathunthu ngakhale kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Komabe, odwala oterowo amayenera kuwerengera zakudya zawo kuti zochulukazo zizikhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta zamafuta (chimanga), lactose (mkaka, kefir, kirimu) mapuloteni ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi index ya glycemic wamba kapena yotsika.

Glucose (shuga) ndi mafuta osavuta amene amalowa m'thupi la munthu ndi chakudya. Ndikofunikira kuti moyo wa munthu uzikhala wathunthu.

Anthu ambiri omwe samvetsetsa zovuta za physiology amakhulupirira kuti glucose imangoyambitsa kuchuluka kwa thupi, koma sichoncho. Mankhwala amatsimikizira kuti shuga ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapatsa maselo mphamvu.

Chakudya chikawilitsidwa, ma carbohydrate ovuta (saccharides) amawonongeka kumafuta osavuta (mwachitsanzo, fructose ndi galactose). Shuga amalowa m'magazi ndipo amatengedwa kudutsa thupi lonse.

Gawo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazofunikira zamagetsi, ndipo zotsalazo zimasungidwa m'maselo a minofu ndi minofu ya adipose posungira. Njira ya chimbudzi ikatha, kusintha kosiyanako kumayamba, pomwe milids ndi glycogen zimasinthidwa kukhala glucose. Chifukwa chake, munthu amakhala ndi shuga nthawi zonse.

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za shuga:

• amatenga nawo kagayidwe,
• amathandiza kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino
• imapereka mphamvu ku maselo ndi minofu ya muubongo, yofunikira kuthandizira kukumbukira okuhle, chisamaliro, ntchito zazidziwitso,
• imathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa minofu yamtima,
• imapereka kukwera mwachangu,
• amathandizira mkhalidwe wama maganizo
• amatenga nawo mbali mu kusintha kobisika kwaminyewa,
• Imathandizira kuti chiwindi chizigwiritsa ntchito poizoni komanso poizoni.

Kuphatikiza pa zabwino, glucose imakhalanso ndi vuto pa magwiridwe antchito komanso ziwalo za thupi. Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa nthawi yayitali kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kuchulukana kwa glucose

Zinthu zochepetsedwa zimatha kuwonetsa:

1. kumva kwamphamvu njala
2. poyizoni woledzera,
3. matenda am`mimba thirakiti (pachimake kapena aakulu kapamba, enteritis, zotsatira zoyipa zomwe nthawi zina zimachitika pambuyo pa opaleshoni pamimba),
4. kuphwanya kwambiri kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi la munthu,
5. matenda a chiwindi (kunenepa kwambiri, matenda enaake),
6. kuchuluka kwa kunenepa,
7. zotupa m'mimba kapamba,
8. zosokoneza ntchito zamitsempha yamagazi,
9. matenda a chapakati ndi zotumphukira mantha dongosolo, sitiroko,
10. sarcoidosis
11. poyizoni waziphuphu ndi khola kapena chloroform,
12. Pamaso pa hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia imayamba pambuyo pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kapena mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Komanso, wodwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi hypoglycemia ndikasanza atatha kudya kapena chifukwa chodumphira chakudya.

Mwazi wamagazi ambiri umapangitsa kuti pakhale menyu wopanda mawonekedwe. Kudya mafuta ochulukirapo kumatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komabe, izi zimatengedwa kuti ndizachilengedwe.

Ngati kapamba atha kugwira ntchitoyo, zizindikiritso za hyperglycemia zidzatchulidwa pang'ono komanso ndizakanthawi, chifukwa insulin idzabwezera zizindikiritso kukhala zabwinobwino. Tiyenera kuganiza kuti gawo la shuga limayikidwa m'mafuta amafuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kulemera kwa thupi la munthu kumachuluka.

Kuphatikiza apo, mavuto akhoza kuwoneka:

• Kuchokera pamtima - kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuthana ndi vuto la mtima,
• mbali ya lipid metabolism - kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" ndi triglycerides kumawonjezeka kwambiri, komwe kumayambitsa chitukuko cha ndondomeko ya atherosulinotic,
• mbali yokhudza chidwi cha ma cell receptor kupita ku insulin ya mahomoni - pakapita nthawi, maselo ndi minyewa "zimawona kwambiri" mahomoni.

Paramu imakwera mphamvu

Zomwe zimachitika kuti glucose mu magazi mwa akazi sizigwirizana ndi zenizeni zenizeni (zotsatira zake zimakhudzidwa kwambiri komanso kuchepera) zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga kwa akazi kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu, zomwe ndizambiri:

Kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso kusuta fodya kumapangitsa kuti shuga azikula.

kumwa pafupipafupi

Anthu omwe ali ndi shuga ambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, zomwe sizimangoyambitsa kusasangalala, koma zimavutitsa kwambiri moyo wa munthu:

• ludzu, kamwa yowuma mosalekeza
• kukodza pafupipafupi,
• thukuta lolemera
• kutopa, kugona ndi kufooka,
• totupa pa thupi ndi kuyabwa,
• pafupipafupi nseru.

Hyperglycemia ndi mkhalidwe wa m'magazi momwe mumakhala kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa shuga. Hyperglycemia imapezeka ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose kosala kupitirira 6.6 mmol / L.

Monga lamulo, izi zimawonedwa mu mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 matenda a shuga. Ndi insell -us yodalira matenda a shuga (mtundu 1), pamakhala kuthekera kwakukulu kokulira kwa hyperglycemic coma, chifukwa maselo apamba amalephera kutulutsa insulin yokwanira.

Kuphatikiza pa shuga, hyperglycemia imatha kuputa:

1. Kupsinjika.
2. Nthawi yobereka mwana. Mu matenda a shuga a gestational, kuchuluka kosavuta kwa shuga kumatha kuwonedwa panthawi yoyamwitsa.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito glucocorticosteroids, njira zakulera za pakamwa, beta-blockers, glucagon.
4. Matenda a mtima. Odwala okalamba amatha kudwala matenda a hyperglycemia pambuyo poti adwala matenda a mtima kapena a mtima.
5. Kudya zakudya zambiri zamatumbo. Mwa njira, zakudya zomwe zili ndi GI yayikulu (glycemic index) zimatha kubweretsa kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga 2.
6. Matenda a hepatobiliary system.
7. Oncological pathologies.
8. Matenda a kapamba. Mlingo wa glycemia ukhoza kuchuluka mu chizolowezi cha kapamba.
9. Cushing's Syndrome.
10. Matenda opatsirana.

Mu odwala matenda ashuga, hyperglycemia imakonda kuchitika pamene endocrinologist amasankha molakwika wa insulin kapena hypoglycemic wothandizira. Pankhaniyi, ndikotheka kuyimitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwakonzanso mtundu wa chithandizo.

Insulin ingasinthidwe. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yaumunthu, popeza imatha kuyamwa bwino komanso kulolera bwino odwala.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa glycemia kukwera, wachinyamata kapena wamkulu amakumana ndi zotsatirazi:

• Kukodza pafupipafupi. Mluza umatuluka mkodzo.
• Ludzu lalikulu.
• Kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
• Mutu.
• Kuzindikira koperewera.
• Zowonongeka.
• Kuphwanya munjira yogaya chakudya.
• Kuchuluka kwa miyendo.
• Kukhumudwitsa.
• Kukulira m'makutu.
• Khungu loyera.
• Kusokonezeka kwa mtima.
• Kumva nkhawa, kupsa mtima, kusakwiya.
• Kutsitsa magazi.

Ngati zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuwoneka, muyenera kuyimbira ambulansi. Madokotala asanafike, wodwalayo amafunika kupatsidwa madzi ambiri ndikupukuta khungu ndi thaulo lonyowa.

Kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse muzochitika mwa odwala akulu ndi ana?

Miyezo ya shuga yamagazi mwa akulu ndi ana ndiyosiyana pang'ono. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa dongosolo la endocrine, lomwe, pamene mwana akukula, amakula ndikuyenda bwino nthawi zonse.

Mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimawonedwa ngati hypoglycemia kwa munthu wamkulu ndizofunikira mwakuthupi kwathunthu kwa wakhanda. Zolemba zakale ndizofunikira kuziganizira kuti muwone ngati wodwala wina ali ndi matenda ochepa. Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kwaukhanda kungafunike ngati mayi wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga pakapita nthawi yobereka kapena yobereka.

M'maphunziro amasukulu a ana a achinyamata, miyezo ya glucose ndiyomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi ya amuna ndi akazi achikulire. Pali zosiyana, koma ndizocheperako, ndipo kupatuka kwa iwo kumatha kuyambitsa mwanayo kumuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane ndi cholinga chofufuza thanzi la dongosolo la endocrine.

Mitundu ya shuga wabwinobwino imasonyezedwa pagome 1.

Gome 1. Akuluakulu a shuga m'magazi a anthu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana

Kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga

Njira zomwe tatchulazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudziwa kuwopsa kwa matendawa. Dokotala amawona kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga mellitus potengera mulingo wa glycemia. Mavuto obwera nawonso ali ndi gawo lalikulu.

• Mu shuga mellitus wa digiri yoyamba, shuga yamagazi siyidutsa 6-7 mmol / lita. Komanso, mu diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin ndi proteinuria ndizabwinobwino. Shuga mumkodzo sapezeka. Gawo ili limanenedwa kukhala loyamba, matendawa amalipiriridwa mokwanira, mothandizidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mavuto omwe akudwala samapezeka.
• Mu shuga mellitus wa digiri yachiwiri, kubwezeretsa pang'ono kumawonedwa. Mwa wodwala, dokotala akuwulula kuphwanya impso, mtima, zida zowoneka, mitsempha yamagazi, kuchepa kwapadera ndi zovuta zina. Magazi a glucose amachokera pa 7 mpaka 10 mmol / lita, pomwe shuga samapezeka. Glycosylated hemoglobin ndiyabwinobwino kapena akhoza kukwezedwa pang'ono. Kulimbana kwamkati kwamkati sikupezeka.
• Ndi matenda a shuga a degree yachitatu, matendawa amapita patsogolo. Magazi a shuga amachokera 13 mpaka 14 mmol / lita. Mu mkodzo, mapuloteni ndi shuga amapezeka wambiri. Dokotalayo akuwulula zowonongeka zamkati. Mawonedwe a wodwalayo amatsika kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachulukitsidwa, miyendo imatha ndipo wodwala matenda ashuga amataya ululu waukulu. Glycosylated hemoglobin imasungidwa pamalo okwera.
• Ndi matenda a shuga a digiri yachinayi, wodwalayo amakhala ndi zovuta zina. Mwanjira imeneyi, shuga wa magazi amafika pamlingo wovuta wa 15-25 mmol / lita ndi kukwera. Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi insulin sangakwanitse kulipirira matendawa. Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kulephera kwa impso, chilonda cha matenda ashuga, matenda am'mimba. Panthawi imeneyi, wodwala amakonda kuperewera matenda ashuga pafupipafupi.

Zizindikiro zakukula kwa hyperglycemia wa mtundu wachiwiri

Shuga wamagazi 5.5 ndiwenso wabwinobwino kwa thupi la mwana. Ndizovomerezeka kuti kuwonjezeka kumodzi kwa glucose sikumawonedwa ngati kwathithi, chifukwa ana ambiri amakonda maswiti. Ngati, chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana, mwana ali ndi chithunzi cha hyperglycemia m'magazi, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga 1 chiyenera kukayikiridwa.

Shuga wamagazi 5.5 mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga 1 ndi osowa kwambiri. Ziwerengero zocheperako za matenda awa ndi 20-30 g / l.

Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa amayamba kuthamanga ngati mphezi, komabe, nthawi zambiri amayambitsidwa ndi nthawi yapadera yomwe kumayimbidwa ndi kusintha kwa ndowe. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi matenda posachedwapa.

Kuopsa kwa matenda a shuga kwa ana kumayambira, kuwonongeka kwambiri pamatendawo ndikukula. Mivuto yayikulu, makamaka chifukwa cha chikomokere, zotsatira zoyipa ndizotheka.

Mankhwalawa amachitidwa motsogozedwa ndi endocrinologist ndipo amayendetsedwa ndi mayeso ovomerezeka. Chizindikiro monga shuga 5.5 m'magazi a mwana chimawonetsa kusankha koyenera kwa mankhwalawa komanso momwe angachitire ndi mankhwalawo.

Mitundu ya shuga yamagazi mwa amuna

Mwamuna wamkulu yemwe ali ndi thanzi labwinobwino sangadandaule, chizindikiro chimakhalabe pamalire ovomerezeka. Komabe, kuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane za kufunika kwake sikungakhale kopusa.

Machitidwe ovomerezeka a shuga a magazi mwa amuna amatchulidwa kuti 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l, ndipo kusintha kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha ukalamba wamthupi laimuna, thanzi komanso dongosolo la endocrine.

Phunziroli limatenga madzimadzi achiberekero, omwe ali chimodzimodzi kwa odwala ang'ono ndi achikulire. Ndi shuga wambiri, ndi kale matenda omwe amafunikira kuthandizidwa.

Amawonetsedwa kuti muukalamba shuga m'thupi umakwera, motero malire ovomerezeka amawonjezedwa poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimachitika kwa wachinyamata. Komabe, kuwonjezeka koteroko sikugwirizana nthawi zonse ndi ma pathologies akuluakulu, pakati pazomwe zimapangitsa kudumpha kowopsa kwa glucose, madokotala amasiyanitsa zowonjezera za chakudya, zolimbitsa thupi ndi kusinthasintha kwa testosterone, kupezeka kwa zizolowezi zoipa, ndi kupsinjika.

Ngati chizolowezi cha shuga chamagazi mwa amuna sichikupezeka, gawo loyamba ndikupeza etiology ya pathological process.

Payokha, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kwambiri momwe thupi lilili, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuti chidziwitsocho chikhale cholondola momwe mungathere, khalani ndi mayeso a labotale m'mawa komanso nthawi zonse pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Zakudya zoyambirira zokhala ndi shuga komanso zakudya zama shuga zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri zimapereka zotsatira zabodza. Kupatuka kuchoka pazizolowezi sikuyenera kupitirira 6.1 mmol / l, koma mtengo wotsika umaloledwa - osachepera 3.5 mmol / l.

Kuti muwone shuga, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zamadzimadzi zotulutsa, koma choyamba sonkhanitsani deta ya anamnesis. Mwachitsanzo, wodwalayo sayenera kudya chakudya, ndipo tsiku lotsatira ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kuti muchepetse kuyankhidwa koyipa.

Ngakhale kutsuka mano m'mawa ndikosayenera, chifukwa kutsuka mano komwe kumakhala ndi zonunkhira kumatha kuyambitsa kupitilira malire ovomerezeka. Kukula kwa shuga m'mwazi kuchokera m'mitsempha kumafotokozedwa ndi malire a 3.3 - 6.0 mmol / l.

Uku si kawirikawiri koma kophatikizanso mayeso othandizira ma labotale kuti apezeke matenda a shuga komanso kupewa matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, kusanthula kotereku kumachitika muubwana ndikuwonekera kwa zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa glucose mu madzi achilengedwe.

Kwa ana, pali malire. Ponena za abambo akuluakulu, ngati mutenga magazi kuchokera pachala, zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi 3.3-5.6 mmol / L.

Ngati chizolowezi chovomerezeka chitha, dokotala amatumiza kuti adziwonetsenso, monga njira - cheke chapadera chololera chofunikira. Nthawi yoyamba madzi a capillary amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, makamaka m'mawa, ndipo chachiwiri - maola angapo atatha kudya magalamu 75 a shuga. Muyezo wa shuga mwa abambo wazaka 30-55 ndi 3.4 - 6.5 mmol / L.

Ndi katundu

Ndi ntchito yochepera yolimbitsa thupi, kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi a thupi kumafanana ndi chizolowezi chovomerezeka, koma chikakula, chimatha kudumphira mosayembekezereka. Kupanga kwamachitidwe a njira yotereyi kumafanana ndi mkhalidwe wam'maganizo, pomwe kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambitsidwa ndi kupsinjika kwamanjenje, kupsinjika kwakukulu, ndi mantha ambiri.

Kuti muthandizike pochita mankhwalawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse machitidwe olimbitsa thupi mopitilira muyeso, pomwe amaloledwa kuwonjezera njira zamankhwala, koma osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mopitirira muyeso. Kupanda kutero, hypoglycemia imayamba. Kuchepetsa kotereku, komwe kumakula mwa akulu, kumapangitsa vuto la kugonana, kumachepetsa kukondana.

Ndi matenda ashuga

Shuga amakwezedwa, ndipo chizindikiro choterocho chimakhala chovuta kukhazikika pamtengo wovomerezeka. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kuwunika nthawi zonse momwe madzi amagetsi amachokera, makamaka chifukwa cha mita iyi ya shuga wamagazi idagulidwa. Chizindikiro chimatengedwa kuti ndi chowopsa kuyambira 11 mmol / l, mukalandira mankhwala mwachangu, kuyang'anira achipatala.

Manambala otsatirawa amaloledwa - 4 - 7 mmol / l, koma zonse zimatengera mawonekedwe a chithunzi china cha matenda. Zina mwazovuta zomwe zimachitika, madokotala amatha kusiyanitsa matenda ashuga, zotsatira zoyipa za wodwala wodwala.

Tatiyeni tifotokoze kuti kuti mukhale ndi mawonekedwe olondola, simuyenera kuchita chimodzi, koma mayeso awiri a shuga. Chimodzi mwazochitidwa m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pambuyo pake, wodwalayo amapatsidwa shuga ndipo mulingo wake umakonzedwanso pakapita nthawi. Kuphatikizika kwa kusanthula kwachiwiri kumeneku kutilora kuti titchule mawu molimbika.

• Magazi a shuga abwinobwino mwa amuna ndi msambo wabwinobwino wama shuga m'magazi ndi ofanana.
• Zomwe zimadalira sizimadalira mtundu wa wodwala.
• Komabe, mwa ana ndi akulu izi zimachitika mosiyana (mwa ana mulingo wocheperako).
• Tikuzindikiranso kuti ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino, nthawi zambiri mayeso achiwiri samachitika. Zimachitika ndi zotsatira za mzere kuti zitheke kutsimikizika.

Pakuwona ngati ndikofunikira kupereka magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, tidasanthula mwatsatanetsatane apa.

Magazi owunikira atengedwa:

Poyambirira, chizindikirocho chidzakwera pang'ono. Njira yachiwiri yowunikira ndiyofala.

Tidzaperekanso ziwerengero, kutanthauza kuti kuwunikaku kwatengedwa chimodzimodzi kuchokera chala:

• Ngati mukusanthula pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti 3.3-5,5 mmol pa lita imodzi.
• Ngati chizindikiro chikuposa 5.6, koma osapitilira 6.6, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za hyperglycemia. Ichi ndi mtengo wamalire omwe umalimbikitsa nkhawa zina, koma pano si matenda a shuga. Mwanjira imeneyi, wodwalayo amapatsidwa shuga wochepa ndipo chizindikiro chofunikira chimayezedwa pambuyo maola ochepa. Poterepa, mulingo wamba umakwera pang'ono.
• Ngati chizindikirocho ndi 6.7 mmol pa lita imodzi kapena kupitilira apo, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za matenda ashuga.

Ngakhale, kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumagwirizana ndi ziwerengero zomwe zaperekedwa pamwambapa, lingaliro la chizolowezi limatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono ndi zaka.Paukalamba, kagayidwe amasintha ndi kuchuluka kwa zopezeka kale kosiyana.

Musanakumane ndi glycemia wabwinobwino, muyenera kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa kuyezetsa magazi kuchokera ku "mtsempha" ndi "chala". Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti madokotala amalandila magazi am'mimba panthawi yachitsanzo kuchokera mu mtsempha, ndi magazi a capillary panthawi yachitsanzo kuchokera pachala.

M'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwa glycemic ndikofanana pakuwunika kulikonse. Koma mukamamwa mitsempha kuchokera mu mtsempha, madokotala amatha kupeza chidziwitso chodalirika. Kuti mudziwe zolondola, wodwalayo ayenera kuphunzitsidwa. Choyamba, muyenera kupeleka magazi kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zololedwa kokha kumwa madzi oyeretsedwa opanda mpweya. Ndikofunika kuti musasambe mano anu mpanda usanachitike, popeza phala lingakhale ndi shuga.

Komanso, tsiku loyambirira la mayesowo, ndikosayenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri. Mowa umatha kusokoneza zotsatira za kafukufuku.

Zomwe shuga msuzi wamagazi zimawonedwa ndizovuta

Glucose ndi metabolites ya kagayidwe kazakudya zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popereka mphamvu ku minofu ya thupi komanso kupuma ma cell. Kukula kapena kuchepa kwa nthawi yayitali pazinthu zake kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimasokoneza thanzi la anthu komanso moyo. Chifukwa chake, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwamphamvu yamagazi.

Kuyika kwake m'magazi kumayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni angapo nthawi imodzi - insulin, glucagon, somatotropin, thyrotropin, T3 ndi T4, cortisol ndi adrenaline, ndipo pakupanga glucose 4 njira zonse zam'magazi zimakhudzidwa - glycogeneis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis ndi glycolysis. Pazifukwa zodziwitsa, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe akutanthauzira, komanso kupatuka mkati ndi kunja kwa chizolowezi, zomwe zimatengera nthawi yakudya komanso kupezeka kwa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza pa shuga, palinso zolemba zina za shuga m'magazi: fructosamine, hemoglobin wa glycated, lactate, ndi ena. Koma muziyamba kuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

Gluu m'magazi a anthu

Monga chakudya china chilichonse, shuga sangatengeke mwachindunji ndi thupi ndipo amafunika kuti khungu lisungunuke mothandizidwa ndi ma enzymes apadera omaliza "-ase" ndikupanga dzina logwirizanitsa glycosyl hydrolases (glycosidases), kapena sucrose. "Hydro" m'dzina la gulu la ma enzyme akuwonetsa kuti kuwonongeka kwa sucrose kukhala glucose kumachitika pokhapokha pamadzi. Ma sucrose osiyanasiyana amapangidwa m'matumbo ndi m'matumbo aang'ono, momwe amakamwa m'magazi ngati glucose.

Chifukwa chake, shuga (dextrose) imapangidwa ndikuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ophatikizika a carbohydrate kukhala osavuta, kapena monosugar. Amamezedwa ndi matumbo ochepa. Gwero lake lalikulu (koma osati lokhalo) ndizopatsa mphamvu zopatsa thanzi. Kwa thupi la munthu, ndikofunikira kuti kuchuluka kwa "shuga" kumapitilizidwa mokhazikika, popeza kumapereka mphamvu ku maselo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupatsa minofu yamafupa, mtima ndi ubongo ndi chinthu ichi munthawi yake, chomwe chimafunikira mphamvu koposa zonse.

Ngati shuga ali kunja kwa mtundu wamba, ndiye:

• pali mphamvu yanjala yamaseloZotsatira zake zomwe mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito imachepetsedwa kwambiri, ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemia (minofu yochepetsedwa), ndiye kuti kuwonongeka kwa ubongo ndi mitsempha kumatha.
• zinthu zowonjezera zimayikidwa mu mapuloteni amtunduzimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwawo (ndi hyperglycemia, zimawonongeka ndi minofu ya impso, maso, mtima, mitsempha yamagazi ndi dongosolo lamanjenje).

Kusintha kwa shuga ndi ma millimales pa lita imodzi (mmol / L).Mlingo wake umatengera chakudya cha munthu, ntchito yake yamagalimoto ndi luntha, mphamvu ya kapamba kuti apange insulini, yomwe imakhala ndi shuga yotsika mtengo, komanso mphamvu yakukula kwa mahomoni omwe amalepheretsa insulin.

Pali gwero lina lamkati la glucose - limayambitsidwa pomwe masitolo a glycogen atha, omwe nthawi zambiri amachitika pambuyo pa tsiku la kusala kapena kale - chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwamphamvu mwamphamvu komanso mwamphamvu. Njirayi imatchedwa gluconeogeneis, yomwe imapangidwa kuti iphatikizidwe ndi glucose kuchokera:

• lactic acid (lactate)opangidwa minofu yodzaza ndi maselo ofiira amwazi,
• glycerolzopezeka ndi thupi pambuyo kupesa kwa adipose minofu,
• ma amino acid - zimapangidwa chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa minofu ya minofu (mapuloteni).

Mkhalidwe wopezeka ndi glucose kuchokera ku amino acid umawonedwa kuti ndiwowopsa paumoyo wa anthu komanso moyo, chifukwa "kudya" kwamasisitimu akeake kumatha kukhudza chiwalo monga mtima, komanso minyewa yosalala yamatumbo ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Momwe mungabwezeretsere kuchuluka kwa shuga pamalingaliro wamba?

Ndi zopatuka zazing'ono kuchokera ku chizolowezi cha shuga m'magazi, tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha zakudya. Odwala omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia amafunika kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa chakudya ndi chakudya. Gulu la "loletsedwa" limaphatikizapo zinthu zokhala ndi shuga, buledi woyera, pasitala, mbatata, vinyo, ndi zakumwa za gasi. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kuwonjezera zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa shuga (kabichi, tomato, anyezi, nkhaka, biringanya, dzungu, sipinachi, udzu winawake, nyemba, ndi zina).

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amalangizidwa kuti azitsatira zakudya No. 9. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera, makamaka, sucracite, aspartame ndi saccharin. Komabe, mankhwalawa amatha kubweretsa njala, ndipo nthawi zina, kukhumudwa m'mimba ndi matumbo. Mlingo wovomerezeka wa ndalamazi uyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala.

Ndi hypoglycemia, muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, omwe amapezeka pamtundu waukulu mumtundu wa nyemba, nyemba, mkaka ndi nyama yopanda mafuta. Kupewera kwa hypo- ndi hyperglycemia kumakhala pakupenya zakudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi chifukwa cha matenda a ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa shuga, ndiye kuti shuga ngati imeneyi imawonedwa ngati yachiwiri. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kuthandizidwa nthawi yomweyo ndimatenda oyamba (chiwindi cirrhosis, hepatitis, chotupa cha chiwindi, pituitary, kapamba).

Ndi hyperglycemia yocheperachepera, dokotala amatha kukupatsani mankhwala: kuwonjezera insulin. Ndi kutsimikizika kwa insulini, odwala amapatsidwa insulin, yomwe imayang'aniridwa pang'onopang'ono. Mlingo wawo amawerengedwa ndi endocrinologist payekha kwa wodwala aliyense.

Mulingo wanji wamalingaliro omwe amawonedwa ngati abwinobwino

Mutha kudziwa zotsatira za kusanthula pambuyo pa tsiku kuchokera pakubwera kwa zitsanzo za magazi. Ngati kuwunika kofunikira kukulembedwera m'chipatalachi (cholembedwa kuti "cito!", Chomwe chimatanthawuza "kuthamanga"), zotsatira zake zidzakhala zokonzekera mphindi zochepa.

Miyezi yachilengedwe ya shuga m'magulu akuluakulu imayambira 3.88 mpaka 6.38 mmol pa lita. Ngati chizindikiro chikapitirira malire apamwamba, ndiye kuti izi zimawonetsa kukula kwa hyperglycemia kapena matenda a shuga 2.

Momwe thupi limasowa glucose amatchedwa hypoglycemia. Zizindikiro zochepa, komanso overestimated, zitha kuwonetsa osati matendawa, komanso zisonyezo zina zakuthupi. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonedwa mukangodya, ndipo kutsika kumatsimikizira kusala kudya kwakutali.Hypoglycemia yochepa imatha kupezekanso mwa omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe adalowetsa insulin posachedwa.

Mu makanda obadwa kumene, chizolowezicho chimachokera pa 2.8 mpaka 4,4 mmol pa lita, komanso mwa ana okulirapo kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol pa lita.

Makhalidwe onse omwe ali pamwambawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana m'malo operekera matenda opangira matenda, komabe zisonyezo zina zimatha kusiyanasiyana m'makliniki osiyanasiyana, popeza zidziwitso zingakhale zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, zoyambira zamakhalidwe, choyambirira, zimatengera labotale.

Mwa amayi apakati, chithunzi cha 3.3-6.6 mmol / L chimawoneka chabwinobwino. Kuwonjezeka kwa phindu kungawonetse kukula kwa matenda ashuga apambuyo. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumasintha kwa munthu masana, mutatha kudya. M'khalidwe wa prediabetes, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kwa 5.5-7 mmol / L, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa komanso pa gawo loyambirira la chitukuko chake, chizindikiro chimasiyanasiyana kuyambira 7 mpaka 11 mmol / L.

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga wamagazi kuyenera kuchitikira anthu onse opitilira 40 omwe ali onenepa kwambiri, matenda a chiwindi, komanso amayi apakati.

Kodi kusefukira kumawonedwa kolakwika liti?

Zizindikiro zabodza komanso kusalondola kolondola ndi zotsatira za kusakonzekera bwino kwa munthu kuti aunike ma laboratore.

• Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka magazi m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Mlingo wokwera umatha kuchitika pambuyo pa nkhawa yayikulu kapena kufooka thupi.
• Zinthu zikafika poipa kwambiri, tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timagwira ntchito zolimba komanso zotsekemera, chifukwa cha zomwe shuga imatuluka m'chiwindi, yomwe imalowa m'magazi. Kumwa mitundu ina ya mankhwala pafupipafupi kumatha kuyambitsa shuga m'magazi.

Kodi kukonzekera koyenera kopereka magazi kuyenera kukhala kotani?

Kuti mumve zotsatira zoyenera, muyenera kukonzekera mayeso mosamala. Kuti muchite izi:

• tsiku lisanafike mayeso muyenera kusiya kumwa mowa,
• m'mawa musanabereke, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera okha, ndipo maola asanu ndi atatu kapena khumi ndi awiri musanayeze chizindikiro, muyenera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya,
• ndizoletsedwa kutsuka mano anu m'mawa, chifukwa mano ali ndi monosaccharide (glucose), omwe amalowa mkati mwa mucosa mkamwa ndipo amatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa mtengo womwe wapezeka (anthu ochepa amadziwa za lamuloli),
• osafuna kutafuna sutra chingamu.

Kusintha kwa magazi kumachitika kuchokera pachala. Mutha kudziwa zomwe muli nazo kunyumba, koma izi zimafuna glucometer. Zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika chifukwa mayeso amayeserera ndi ma reagents, polumikizana ndi mpweya, amawonjezeredwa pang'ono, ndipo izi zimasokoneza zotsatira zake.

Zoyambitsa High Monosaccharide

Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga m'magazi ndi monga:

1. kudya chakudya musanabadwe,
2. nkhawa, mantha, nkhawa
3. matenda a pituitary gland, adrenal gland, pineal gland, chithokomiro England,
4. khunyu
5. Matenda a kapamba ndi kugaya chakudya,
6. kumwa mankhwala ena (insulin, adrenaline, estrogen, thyroxine, okodzetsa, corticosteroids, glucocorticosteroids, nicotinic acid, indomethacin)
7. poizoni wa monoxide
8. kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Zoyambitsa Low Monosaccharide

Zinthu zochepetsedwa zimatha kuwonetsa:

1. kumva kwamphamvu njala
2. poyizoni woledzera,
3. matenda am`mimba thirakiti (pachimake kapena aakulu kapamba, enteritis, zotsatira zoyipa zomwe nthawi zina zimachitika pambuyo pa opaleshoni pamimba),
4. kuphwanya kwambiri kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi la munthu,
5. matenda a chiwindi (kunenepa kwambiri, matenda enaake),
6. kuchuluka kwa kunenepa,

Zizindikiro zothandizirana kwa shuga m'thupi

Kuchuluka kwa monosaccharide mthupi nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kukula kwa mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2. Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1 amaphatikizapo:

1. ludzu lamphamvu komanso losatha, wodwalayo amatha kumwa pafupifupi malita asanu amadzi patsiku,
2. munthu wotereyu amamva fungo lamphamvu la acetone kuchokera mkamwa mwake
3. Munthu amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse panjala, amadya kwambiri, komanso, amakhala wochepa thupi,
4. chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi oledzera, polyuria imayamba, chikhumbo chofuna kutulutsa zonse zamkati, makamaka usiku,
5. kuwonongeka kulikonse pakhungu kumachiritsa,
6. Khungu pakhungu nthawi zambiri limachepa, fungus kapena furunculosis limawoneka bwino.

Nthawi zambiri, mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga umayamba kupezeka patatha milungu ingapo utadwala kachilombo posachedwapa (chikuku, rubella, chimfine) kapena mantha akulu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kotala la odwala matenda ashuga a 1 sazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda oopsa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti wodwala amayamba kudwala matenda oopsa, ndipo atatha amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga 1 kuchipatala.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi

Ngati madokotala apeza matenda a shuga, chinthu choyamba kuchita kuti adziwe matendawa ndi kuyezetsa magazi a shuga. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezedwa, kupezeka kwa matenda ndi chithandizo chotsatira kumayikidwa.

Kwa zaka zambiri, mfundo zamagazi zomwe zakonzedwa zidasinthidwa, koma masiku ano, makhwala amakono akhazikitsa njira zomveka bwino zomwe si madokotala okha, komanso odwala omwe akuyenera kuwongoleredwa.

Kodi ndi dokotala liti amene amadwala matenda ashuga?

1. Kuthamanga shuga wamagazi kumayesedwa kuti ndikuchokera 3.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / lita, maola awiri mutatha kudya, glucose amatha kukwera mpaka 7.8 mmol / lita.
2. Ngati kusanthula kwawonetsa zotsatira za 5.5 mpaka 6.7 mmol / lita pamimba yopanda kanthu ndipo kuyambira 7.8 mpaka 11.1 mmol / lita imodzi mukatha kudya, kupezeka kwa vuto la shuga.
3. Matenda a shuga amakhalapo ngati zizindikirozo pamimba yopanda kanthu zikuposa 6.7 mmol ndi maola awiri mutatha kudya zoposa 11.1 mmol / lita.

Kutengera ndi zomwe zaperekedwa, ndikotheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mellitus osati m'makoma a chipatala, komanso kunyumba, ngati mukuyesa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer.

Momwemonso, zizindikirozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire momwe chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chikugwirira ntchito. Kwa matenda, amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino ngati magazi a shuga ali pansi pa 7.0 mmol / lita.

Komabe, kuti izi zitheke ndizovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kuyesetsa kwa odwala ndi madokotala awo.

Mavuto a matendawa

Matenda a shuga enieniwo samapha, koma zovuta ndi zotsatira za matendawa ndizowopsa.

Chimodzi mwazotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zimawonedwa kuti ndikodwala matenda ashuga, Zizindikiro zomwe zimawoneka mwachangu kwambiri. Wodwalayo amakumana ndi zoletsa zomwe zimachitika kapena amasiya kudziwa. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za chikomokere, wodwalayo ayenera kuchipatala kuchipatala.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi ketoacidotic chikomokere, zimalumikizidwa ndi kudziunjikira kwa poizoni m'thupi zomwe zimawononga maselo amitsempha. Chofunikira chachikulu pa mtundu uwu wa chikomachi ndi kununkhira kosaletseka kwa asetone kuchokera mkamwa.

Ndi chikumbumtima cha hypoglycemic, wodwalayo amataya chikumbumtima, thupi limakutidwa ndi thukuta lozizira. Komabe, chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin, omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi.

Chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa impso mu odwala matenda ashuga, kutupa kwa ziwalo zakunja ndi zamkati kumawonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala matenda ashuga okalamba amakula kwambiri.Ngati edema ili asymmetrically, mwendo umodzi kapena phazi lokha, wodwalayo amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a m'munsi am'munsi, omwe amathandizidwa ndi neuropathy.

Ndi matenda a shuga a shuga, odwala matenda ashuga amamva kupweteka kwambiri m'miyendo. Zowawa zimakulirakulira chifukwa cha kulimbitsa thupi kulikonse, kotero wodwalayo amayenera kuyima akuyenda. Matenda a diabetes a neuropathy amayambitsa kupweteka usiku m'miyendo. Poterepa, miyendo imaduka ndipo pang'ono ndimalephera kumva. Nthawi zina kumverera pang'ono koyaka kungawonedwe m'dera la shin kapena phazi.

Kapangidwe ka zilonda zam'mimba pamiyendo kumakhala gawo lina pakapangidwe ka angiopathy ndi neuropathy. Izi zimabweretsa kukula kwa phazi la matenda ashuga. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyamba kulandira chithandizo ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawo ziwoneka, apo ayi matendawa angayambitse kudula chiwalo.

Chifukwa cha matenda ashuga angiopathy, mitengo ikuluikulu komanso yayikulu amakhudzidwa. Zotsatira zake, magazi sangathe kufika kumapazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda opweteka. Mapazi amasandulika ofiira, kupweteka kwambiri kumamveka, patapita kanthawi cyanosis amawonekera ndipo khungu limakutidwa ndi matuza.

Makhalidwe wamba

Tsiku lililonse, munthu aliyense amapezanso mphamvu mosungirako ndi chakudya, momwe glucose amalowa m'thupi. Mulingo woyenera ndi 3.5-5,5 mmol / l. Ngati shuga ndi ochepa, zikutanthauza chiyani? Thupi limaperewera mphamvu, hypoglycemia imayamba. Shuga wamagazi ochepa amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri.

Zifukwa zakuchepa

Matenda akulu komanso zinthu zazing'ono za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatha kudzutsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Milandu yotsalira kawirikawiri imawonedwa ngati yovomerezeka, koma ngati magazi ochepa a m'magazi amawonedwa, zomwe zimayambitsa ziyenera kufufuzidwa mwachangu.

Shuga wochepa, amayambitsa:

• Ntchito yakuthupi. Pambuyo pakuchita masewera kapena masewera ena olimbitsa thupi kwanthawi yayitali, mphamvu zamagetsi, zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi shuga, zimatha.
• Chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Zakudya zosavomerezeka, zakudya zazitali, makamaka zakudya zamafuta ochepa, zakudya zopanda thanzi, zonse ndi zifukwa zabwino zopanga kuchepa kwa shuga.
• Kubwezeretsa hypoglycemia. Uku ndikuyankha kwa thupi pakuwonjezeka kwa shuga, mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pambiri lokoma.
• Mowa ndi kusuta. Poyamba wonjezerani zisonyezo, kenako kutsika kwawo kwadzidzidzi.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala a mahomoni amakhala olakwa.
• Matenda. Matenda a shuga omwe alipo, vuto la chithokomiro, mavuto ndi kapamba, matumbo, chiwindi, kulephera kwaimpso.

Chofunikira: kuyankha kwa hypoglycemia kumalumikizidwa ndi kupanga kwa insulin pambuyo pakudya shuga ambiri. Zotsatira zake, glucose imakonzedwa kwathunthu ndipo izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwake kumatsika patatha maola 1-2 chakudya chitatha.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia ndiosavuta kukayikira, chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimadziwika kwa aliyense. Pambuyo olimbitsa thupi kapena kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali yanjala, aliyense adakumana ndi zomwe akuwonetsa. Zizindikiro mwa akazi ndi abambo zimafotokozedwanso chimodzimodzi:

• Zofooka. Kuperewera kwa mphamvu kumabweretsa kutopa kofulumira, kusowa tulo, mkhalidwe wosweka.
• Hypotension. Shuga wotsika, kuponderezana konse kumalumikizana.
• Mutu. Maselo aubongo amakhala operewera, kupweteka ndi mseru kumachitika.
• Kutukwana. Izi zimadziwika makamaka usiku.
• Thupi limanjenjemera. Pali kunjenjemera pang'ono kwa miyendo, kuzizira.
• Mavuto Amisala. Zowonetsedwa mu kusakwiya, kuda nkhawa, kukhumudwa.
• Zowonongeka. Kuwonongeka kwakuthwa m'masomphenya, zithunzi zosalala pamaso pa maso, zikuwuluka.
• Njala ndi ludzu. Nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi ludzu kuti mudye ndi kumwa, ngakhale m'mimba mwadzaza. Amakopeka makamaka ndi maswiti ndi makeke.

Popeza ndazindikira zavutoli, ndikofunikira kupita kuchipatala kukayezetsa ndikuwunikanso mwatsatanetsatane zaumoyo. Ngati simukuyamba hypoglycemia, mutha kuthana nokha. Kupanda kutero, chithandizo cha moyo wonse chingafunike.

Zizindikiro zofunikira kwambiri za shuga pamimba. Gome lokhala ndi mfundo limapezeka patsamba lathu.

Zotheka

Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane kuopsa kwa kuperewera kwa shuga. Choyamba, zimayambitsa kufooka kwa thupi ndi machitidwe ake onse. Kusowa kwa gwero lalikulu lamphamvu kulola kuti maselo agwire ntchito yawo mokwanira. Zotsatira zake, kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta kumachitika, zomwe zimaphimba thupi ndi zinthu zovunda. Kuphatikiza apo, thanzi laubongo ndi ntchito zamagawo akuluakulu amanjenje zimasokonekera.

Zofunika! Makamaka zosafunikira ndizomwe zimachitika kuti shuga atatha kudya atatsika kuposa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuyankha hypoglycemia ndi harbinger wa shuga. Ndi matenda ashuga omwe ndi amodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri chifukwa chosowa shuga.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kudziwa momwe mungachulukitsire glucose pamene yachepetsedwa kwambiri, apo ayi zovuta zotsatirapo zake zimatha - kuperewera kwa hypoglycemic komwe kumatha kufa.

Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo

Kuzindikira ndi kulandira chithandizo mwa akulu ndi mwana zimachitika malinga ndi dongosolo limodzi. Kuti muwone kuopsa kwa vutoli, ndikofunikira kudutsanso zingapo. Kusanthula kwakukulu ndi:

• kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga,
• kuyeserera kwa shuga.

Mutha kuphunzira zonse zokhudzana ndi shuga wamwana mwa nkhani kuchokera patsamba lathu.

Pa zovuta zomwe zilipo, makamaka shuga, kuwongolera shuga kumaphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya ndondomeko. Kuti zitheke, glucometer ndi zingwe zapadera zoyesa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Thandizo Loyambirira ndi Chithandizo Chowonjezera

Kutsika pang'ono pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono kwa shuga sikubweretsa chiwopsezo china ndipo kungathetsedwe mwa kudya. Izi zimachitika ndi kutopa kwambiri komanso kuchepa mphamvu kwa mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi. Koma bwanji ngati mulingowo utatsika pansi 3 mmol / l ndikupitilira kugwa? Anthu odwala matenda ashuga pamenepa amakhala ndi maswiti nawo: chidutswa cha shuga, kapu ya chokoleti, maswiti, madzi okoma. Komanso mufamu mungagule mapiritsi a shuga.

Pokhala ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso chiwopsezo chakugwa mwa wina kuti achulukitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kulowetsedwa kwamankhwala kumathandiza. Dontho lokhazikika ndi glucose limagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena jekeseni wamkati amachitika. Kugoneka kwa wodwala ndikofunikira.

Gome: Zotsatira za hypoglycemia ndi njira yochizira

Mlingaliro wovuta shuga

Chizolowezi cha shuga m'magazi nthawi zambiri chimakhala mamilimita 5.5 pa lita imodzi, ndipo muyenera kuyang'ana mukamawerenga zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga. Ngati tikulankhula za kufunika kwakuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiye ichi ndi chisonyezo chopitilira 7.8 mmol. Ponena za otsika - lero ndi chithunzi pansipa 2.8 mmol. Ndipokhapokha mutatha kukwaniritsa izi m'thupi la munthu momwe zosintha zosinthika zimayamba.

Mlingo wovuta wa shuga mamilimita 15-17 pa lita imodzi amabweretsa kukula kwa chikomokere cha hyperglycemic, pomwe zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwake mwa odwala ndizosiyana.Chifukwa chake, anthu ena, ngakhale amakhala ndi mitengo yokwana mamiliyoni 17 pa lita imodzi, amamva bwino ndipo samawonetsa kuwonongeka kulikonse mu chikhalidwe chawo. Ndi chifukwa chomwechi kuti zamankhwala zangokhala ndi zikhalidwe zongoyerekeza zomwe zitha kuzimidwa kuti zitha kupha anthu.

Ngati tizingolankhula za zovuta zakusintha kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiye choyipitsitsa kwambiri ndi kuperewera kwa magazi. Wodwala akapezeka ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, amatha kuyamba kutaya madzi mthupi limodzi ndi ketoacidosis. Ngati matenda ashuga samadalira insulin, ketoacidosis sikuchitika, ndipo kuchepa kwamphamvu kumodzi komwe kumatha kupezeka mwa wodwala. Mulimonsemo, zonsezi zingathe kumuopseza wodwalayo.

Ngati wodwala akudwala kwambiri, pamakhala chiwopsezo chokhala ndi vuto la ketaciodic, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa motsutsana ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga omwe amapezeka motsutsana ndi matenda opatsirana. Nthawi zambiri cholimbikitsira chimatsitsidwa ndimwazi, pomwe zizindikiro zotsatirazi zalembedwa:

• Kukula kwakanthawi kwamadzi,
• kugona ndi kufooka kwa wodwala,
• pakamwa lowuma ndi khungu lowuma,
• Fungo la kametedwe kamlomo,
• phokoso komanso kupuma kwakukuru.

Ngati magazi a shuga afika 55 mmol, wodwalayo amawonetsedwa kuchipatala mwachangu, apo ayi akhoza kungofa. Mofananamo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ubongo "wogwira ntchito" pa glucose ukhoza kudwala izi. Pankhaniyi, kuukira kumatha kuchitika mosayembekezereka, ndipo kudzadziwika ndi kunjenjemera, kuzizira, chizungulire, kufooka miyendo, komanso thukuta labodza.

Mulimonsemo, ambulansi pano sizikhala zokwanira.

Njira zothandizira

Matenda a matenda ashuga omwe amapezeka mwa wodwala amangozindikira ndi a endocrinologist wokhazikika, komabe, ngati wodwalayo akudziwa motsimikiza kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu uliwonse, kupepuka kwake sikuyenera kukhala chifukwa cha matenda, monga m'mimba, koma mwachangu njira zopulumutsa moyo wake.

Njira yothandiza pakuchitika kwa vuto lachiberekero la hyperglycemic ndikukhazikitsa insulini yochepa kwambiri pakhungu la wodwalayo. Momwemonso, pamene jakisoni awiri wodwala sanabwerere mwakale, kufunika kofunikira kuyitanitsa dokotala.

Momwe wodwalayo akuyenera kuchitira, ayenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa shuga komanso zovuta, malinga ndi zomwe zikupezeka, akupatsirana Mlingo wa insulini ngati pali vuto la hyperglycemia. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sayenera kuganizira za kukhalapo kwa acetone m'magazi ake. Pofuna kukhazikitsa mlingo wofunikira kuti muchepetse vuto la wodwalayo, kuyezetsa magazi mwachangu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake.

Njira zosavuta kwambiri zowerengetsera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'mapulogalamu a insulin ndikuwonjezera gawo limodzi la insulini kuwonjezera pomwe shuga wamagazi akukulitsidwa ndi 1.5-2,5 mamilimita. Wodwala akayamba kuzindikira acetone, kuchuluka kwa insulini kuyenera kuchulukitsidwa kawiri.

Mlingo wofananira wokhawo ukhoza kusankhidwa ndi dokotala pazomwe akuwona, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutenga magazi kwa wodwala nthawi zina.

Njira zodzitetezera

Sayansi yamakono ya zamankhwala yakhazikitsa malamulo opewera omwe odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira, mwachitsanzo, ndi:

1. Kuyang'anira kupezeka kwa glucose kosankhidwa ndi dokotala
2. Kukana pamalo okhazikika pakugwiritsa ntchito maswiti ndi zakudya zina zamafuta othamanga.
3. Kukana kumwa mowa, kusuta fodya, masewera a yoga kapena masewera ena, kukhalabe ndi moyo wathanzi.
4. Kuwunika kwa nthawi ndi nthawi mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imalowetsedwa m'thupi. Ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika za shuga m'magazi a wodwalayo.

Payokha, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chotsogola mtsogolo ayenera kukhala ndi glucometer ya ultraprecise kunyumba. Ndi chithandizo chake pokhapokha ngati kuli kotheka, ngati kungakhale kofunikira, kuchita mayeso mwadzidzidzi kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwala. Izi zikuthandizanso kuchitapo kanthu mwadzidzidzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuwerengera payekha kuchuluka kwa insulin, komanso kuyenera kuphunzitsidwa maluso oyambira ake oyamba pansi pa khungu. Jakisoni wophweka kwambiri amachitidwa ndi cholembera wapadera. Ngati wodwalayo salola kuti adzipangire yekha jakisoni, majekeseni otere ayenera kupangitsa banja lake ndi abwenzi.

Zokhudza mankhwala azikhalidwe zomwe zimachulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa magazi, ziyenera kuthandizidwa mosamala. Chowonadi ndi chakuti thupi la munthu limatha kuyankha mosiyanasiyana pakumwa mankhwala amodzi kapena achilengedwe. Zotsatira zake, kusakonzekera kwathunthu kumatha kuchitika komwe shuga ya magazi imayamba "kulumpha". Ndikwabwino kukaonana ndi dokotala yemwe angakulangizeni kulowetsedwa kwina kuti mulowetse matenda ena ake.

Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito pamafashoni osiyanasiyana omwe adatsatsa malonda posachedwapa. Ambiri aiwo sanatsimikizire kuthandizira kwawo kwamankhwala, chifukwa chake amayenera kuthandizidwa ndikukayika kwambiri. Mulimonsemo, m'zaka makumi zikubwerazi, palibe chomwe chingalowe m'malo mwa kuyambitsa insulini, chifukwa chake adzakhala njira yayikulu yothandizira odwala.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi shuga wabwinobwino wamagazi zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Kodi shuga wamkulu - amachokera kuti?

Zakudya zomanga thupi zimalowa m'thupi mwina ndi chakudya kapena chiwindi, chomwe ndi mtundu wa depos kwa iwo. Koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulini, maselo sangakhale ndi shuga komanso kufa ndi njala. Ngakhale atakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso chambiri, munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kumvanso njala. Zili ngati kuyandama pamtsinje wakuya mu bokosi lotsekeka - kuli madzi mozungulira, koma nkosatheka kuledzera.

Shuga imadziunjikira m'magazi, ndipo milingo yake yokhazikika imayamba kusokoneza mkhalidwe wa thupi: ziwalo zamkati zimalephera, mphamvu yamanjenje imakhudzidwa, ndikuwona kumachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chosowa mphamvu, thupi limayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ake omwe, ndipo zinthu zochokera pokonzanso zimalowa m'magazi. Njira yokhayo yopeweretsera zovuta kukhala ndikuyambitsa insulin.

Zizindikiro za Universal

Pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa vutoli, wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa nthawi zonse momwe machitidwe a metabolic ake amachitikira. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikutha kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za kuchuluka kwake pakapita nthawi.

Zizindikiro za shuga owonjezera ndi:

• kulakalaka
• ludzu losatha
• kamwa yowuma
• kuwonda kwambiri
• kuyabwa pakhungu,
• kukodza kwambiri ndi kutulutsa mkodzo,
• mutu, chizungulire,
• kutayika kwamaso
• kutopa,
• kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono kwa zotupa pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe.

Kodi zopsinjika ndi shuga zochuluka ndizotani?

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambitsa zovuta zambiri zamatenda, kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana osasangalatsa:

Matenda a matenda ashuga - nseru, kusanza, kuchepa thupi kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kufooka ndi mutu.

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta izi, kulephera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a anthu odwala matenda ashuga kungayambitse kukula kwa matenda a m'matumbo, gingivitis, matenda a periodontal, matenda a chiwindi ndi kukula kwa m'mimba. Amuna omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amakhala woopsa, amayamba kupezeka ndi kusabala. Mwa akazi, kutenga padera, kufa kwa fetal, kapena kubadwa msanga kumachitika nthawi yapakati.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kuyenera kuchitika liti?

Mu matenda a shuga, zomwe zimakhala m'magazi zimatha kusintha pafupipafupi komanso modabwitsa, motero ndikofunikira kutsatira dongosolo lina poyeza mulingo wake. Zolondola, magazi amatengedwa nthawi 7 pa tsiku:

• atadzuka,
• mutatsuka mano kapena musanadye chakudya cham'mawa,
• pamaso chakudya chilichonse masana
• mutatha maola awiri mutadya,
• musanagone
• pakati pa kugona tulo usiku kapena pafupifupi 3.00 a.m., chifukwa pa nthawi iyi mashuga a glucose ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo amatha kupangitsa hypoglycemia,
• musanayambe ntchito iliyonse ndi pambuyo pake (ntchito yamaganizidwe yayikulu imakhalanso ya mtundu wofanana), pakakhala kupsinjika, mantha kapena mantha.

Iwo amene adwala kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kudziwa kuti amachepetsa kapena kuwonjezeka, koma madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti pachitike zovuta kuti ena asinthe. Kafukufuku wochitika ndi asayansi aku America awonetsa kuti kuchuluka kocheperako ndi kawiri konse patsiku.

Chofunikira: zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhudza kwambiri kuyang'ana kwa zotsatira zoyesa:

• matenda ena aliwonse pachimake,
• kupsinjika
• mimba
• kuchepa magazi
• gout
• kutentha kwambiri kunja
• chinyezi chambiri
• kukhala pamalo okwera,
• ntchito yosinthitsa usiku.

Zinthu izi zimakhudza kapangidwe ka magazi, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumalowe.

Momwe mungapangire zitsanzo za magazi

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, makamaka iwo omwe ali ndi mankhwala a insulin, ndikofunikira kwambiri atazindikira kuti adziwe momwe angayang'anire matenda awo ndi shuga msanga momwe angathere. Chipangizo monga glucometer, chomwe chimayenera kupezeka kwa wodwala aliyense, chimathandiza kuthana ndi ntchitoyi.

M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, mitundu iwiri ya glucometer imagwiritsidwa ntchito: mtundu wokhazikika komanso wamakono.

Pofufuza, magazi amatha kutengedwa kuchokera chala chokha. Kuti muchite izi, khungu pakubowoleka ndi lancet (singano yapadera), ndipo dontho la magazi lomwe limayikidwa limayikidwa pamiyeso. Kenako muyenera kutsitsa kuti ukhale gluceter, yemwe mkati mwa masekondi 15 amasanthula chitsanzo ndikupereka zotsatira zake. Mtengo womwe wapezeka ukhoza kusungidwa kukumbukira makanema. Ma glucometer ena amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa deta kwakanthawi kochepa, ndikuwonetsa mayendedwe amtundu wa ma graph ndi ma chart.

Magwiridwe am'badwo watsopano amasanthula magazi omwe sanatenge chala chokha, komanso mkono wakumbuyo, maziko a chala komanso ngakhale ntchafu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zotsatira za zitsanzo zoyesedwa zomwe zimatengedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana zidzasiyana, koma kusintha kwachangu kwambiri pamlingo wa shuga kumawonetsera magazi kuchokera pachala. Ichi ndi lingaliro lofunikira, chifukwa nthawi zina muyenera kupeza deta mwachangu (mwachitsanzo, mukangomaliza kulimbitsa thupi kapena masana). Ngati hypoglycemia ikukayikira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kutenga magazi kuchokera pachala kuti chidziwike cholondola kwambiri.

Zingwe zoyesera, ngati mita yokha, zitha kugulidwa ku pharmacy. Ngati lingwe likufunika kunyowa munthawi ya njirayi, ubweya wa thonje kapena tawulo pepala lopanda mpumulo ndibwino kwa izi (izi zingakhudze kulondola kwa zotsatira zake).

Palinso mtundu wina wa mita - mu mawonekedwe a cholembera. Chida choterechi chimapangitsa kuti zitsanzozo zikhale zopanda ululu.

Zida zilizonse zomwe mungasankhe, zimakhala zosavuta komanso zosavuta kuyeza shuga ndi aliyense wa iwo - ngakhale ana amazigwiritsa ntchito.

Kuwerenga kwa shuga kwa odwala matenda ashuga

Chikhalidwe cha shuga m'magazi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi "shuga." Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi gawo lawake wama glucose - omwe muyenera kulimbana nawo. Sizingakhale zofanana ndi chizolowezi mwa munthu wathanzi (kusiyana kwake kungakhale kuchokera pa 0,3 mmol / l kupita kumayunitsi angapo).Uwu ndi mtundu wa beacon kwa odwala, kuti adziwe zoyenera kutsatira kuti amve bwino. Mulingo wofanana ndi shuga kwa aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga umatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala, kutengera nthawi yomwe matendawa ali, msinkhu wodwala, momwe alili, komanso kupezeka kwa mitundu ina ya matenda.

Tebulo likuwonetsa zofunikira zomwe wodwala matenda ashuga angadutse poyesa shuga asanadye:

Mwachilengedwe, munthu aliyense akadya, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake kumachulukanso. Mwa anthu athanzi okhaokha, imayamba kuchepa, koma odwala matenda ashuga - ayi. Mulingo wake wokwanira amawukhira mphindi 30-60 mukatha kudya ndipo osaposa 10,0 mmol / L, ndipo wocheperako - 5.5 mmol / L.

Zizindikiro za vuto

Mkhalidwe wovuta mu shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri umakhazikitsidwa ndi zizindikiro za kuwonongeka zomwe tafotokozazi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa matendawa. Ngati munthawi imeneyi simunafunse dokotala, vutoli limakulirakulira. Izi ndichifukwa chakusokonezeka kwakukala pama metabolic metabol, omwe sanasinthidwe panthawi yake. Mtsogolomo, izi zimatha kuyambitsa kukulitsa zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimakhala zowopsa pamoyo wa wodwala. Chifukwa chake, odwala onse ndi okondedwa awo ayenera kudziwa bwino zomwezo ndizizindikiro za SOS.

Ma Harbinger odwala matenda ashuga (ketoacidotic) ndi:

• kuchuluka kwamkodzo (polyuria),

• kuchepa kwa thupi,

• Kusowa chilimbikitso ndi kukana chakudya,

• mseru ndi kusanza.

Zizindikirozi zimatha kumangilira masiku angapo kapena milungu ingapo. Kusintha kwamphamvu kumakulirakulira ndipo kumawoneka ngati malo a khofi, zomwe zimawonetsa kusayipa kwa magazi m'matsukidwe. Thupi ndi polyuria zimachulukana, limodzi ndi izi, zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa thupi zimayamba kuonekera (khungu lowuma komanso zimagwira mucous, etc.). Khungu limakhala labwinobwino, lozizira mpaka kukhudza. Mlengalenga wokhathamira, fungo la acetone limamveka bwino. Lilime ndi louma, lopakidwa ndi zokutira. Kupweteka kwam'mimba komwe kumachitika kumatha kuchitika, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kukulitsa kwam'mimba komanso kuphwanya pang'ono mbali yakukhazikika kwa ileum. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zizindikiro, kutayika kwa chikumbumtima ndikotheka.

Mwa ana ndi achinyamata, vutoli limatha kuwonongeka kwambiri patangopita maola ochepa ndikusintha kwa matendawo.

Panthawi yokhala ndi chikomokere, shuga wamagazi amaposa 16.6 mmol / L. Mochulukitsa zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo. Mitsempha yambiri ya ketone (ketosis) imapezeka m'magazi. Ngati chizindikiro ichi ndi 2.6-3.4 mmol / l, acetone imawonekera mkodzo.

Hyperosmolar chikomokere amakula motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda a shuga. Zingayambitsidwe ndi kumwa kwambiri kwa chakudya chamafuta ndi chakudya, matenda, gastroenteritis, kapamba, opaleshoni, kuvulala, chithandizo ndi glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, okodzetsa, komanso mikhalidwe yomwe imatsatana ndi kuchepa kwamadzi amthupi (kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba). Zizindikiro zake zimayamba pang'onopang'ono.

Kwa masiku angapo, odwala amatha kuzindikira ludzu, polyuria, ndipo nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa chilakolako (polyphagy). Pambuyo pake, kufooka, kuchepa mphamvu kwa madzi m'thupi, kugona, ndi kusokonezeka kwa thupi kumalumikizana ndi izi.

Mwazi wa shuga wamagazi umakwera kwambiri (55,5 mmol / L, nthawi zina mpaka 200 mmol / L amalembedwa). Kupanikizika kwa magazi kwa osmotic kumawonjezeka mpaka 500 mmol / L (wokhala ndi 285-295 mmol / L). Mwazi umachulukitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi ma ayoni a chlorine, sodium (osati nthawi zonse), mapuloteni athunthu ndi nayitrogeni otsalira. Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe urea ndi matupi a ketone amakhalabe zabwinobwino.

Hypoglycemic state. omwe, pakapanda kuthandizidwa panthawi yake, amatha kukhala chikomokere, amadziwika ndi zovuta zam'magazi amadzimadzi (pallor, palpitations, thukuta, ndikunjenjemera). Odwala amakhala ndi vuto lanjala. Zosokoneza zamagalimoto mu mawonekedwe a kugwidwa ndizotheka.Odwala amasangalala, amatha kusokonezeka m'malo.

Lactic acid (lactic acidotic) chikomokere nthawi zambiri isanayambike kugona, nseru, kusanza, kusazindikira, kupuma pakumasokoneza. Zizindikirozi zimakula kwambiri, patangopita maola ochepa. Kutentha kwa thupi la wodwalayo kumatsitsidwa, kutsika kwa magazi ndi kuchepa kwa mtima kumadziwika. Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo womwe umapangidwa kumachepa.

Tebulo 5 limafotokoza mwachidule njira zakuzindikiritsa koyenera kwa mikhalidwe yovuta (R. Williams, D. Porte, 1974).

Momwe kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsimikizidwira

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'madzi amatsimikizika m'magawo a "mamililitale pa lita imodzi." Mitundu ya shuga mwa anthu opanda ma pathologies ndi odwala matenda ashuga adapezeka mkatikati mwa zaka zapitazi pamaziko a kusanthula kwa zikwizikwi za amuna ndi akazi.

Kuti mupewe kutsata miyezo ya shuga wamagazi, mitundu itatu yoyeserera imachitika:

• kusala kudya kwam'mawa,
• Phunziro lidachitika maola angapo mutatha kudya,
• kudziwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin wa glycated

Kumbukirani: chikhalidwe chovomerezeka cha shuga m'magazi ndi mtengo umodzi womwe sukutengera jenda komanso zaka za wodwalayo.

Makhalidwe Abwino

Kudya kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa glucose. Mukatha kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawonjezeka muzochitika zonse (osati odwala matenda ashuga) - ichi ndi chizolowezi chomwe sichimafunikira kulowererapo.

Kwa munthu wathanzi, kuwonjezereka kwazowonetsera sizowopsa chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha maselo kulowetsa insulin - mahomoni ake omwe "amachotsa" shuga wambiri.

Mu matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa glucose kuli ndi mavuto ambiri, mpaka kukomoka kwa matenda ashuga, ngati gawo lovuta lingakhale kwa nthawi yayitali.

Chizindikiro chomwe chikuperekedwa pansipa chikufotokozedwa ngati chizolowezi cha shuga wamagazi komanso malangizo amodzi kwa amayi ndi abambo:

• musanadye kadzutsa - mkati mwa mamililita 5.15-6.9 mu lita, komanso kwa odwala omwe alibe matenda - 3.89-4.89,
• Maola ochepa mutatha kudya pang'onopang'ono kapena kudya kwathunthu - shuga poyesa magazi kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga sichapamwamba kuposa 9.5-10.5 mmol / l, kwa ena onse - osapitirira 5.65.

Ngati, pakalibe mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga pambuyo pa chakudya chamafuta kwambiri, shuga amawonetsa mtengo wa pafupifupi 5.9 mmol / L mukamayesa chala, onaninso menyu. Chizindikirochi chimakwera mpaka mamililoni 7 pa lita imodzi mukatha kudya chokhala ndi shuga komanso chakudya chambiri.

Kukula kwa shuga m'magazi oyeserera masana mwa munthu wathanzi popanda pathologies a kapamba, mosasamala kanthu za jenda ndi zaka, amasungidwa muyezo wa 4.15-5.35 ndi chakudya chamagulu.

Ngati, ndi chakudya cholondola komanso moyo wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumapitilira shuga wovomerezeka pakuyesa magazi mwa munthu wathanzi, onetsetsani kuti mukuonana ndi dokotala pazamankhwala.

Kodi kuwunika?

Zizindikiro za shuga mwa amayi, abambo ndi ana omwe amapezeka m'madzi am'magazi amasintha tsiku lonse. Izi zimachitika onse odwala athanzi komanso odwala matenda ashuga.

Mlingo wocheperako umatsimikiziridwa m'mawa mutagona, chakudya cham'mawa chisanafike. Ngati kuwunika pamimba yopanda kanthu kukuwonetsa shuga m'magazi a 5.7 - 5.85 mamililita mu lita imodzi yamagazi - osachita mantha, ndi matenda a shuga sikuti koopsa.

Shuga m'mawa amadziwika kuti wodwala sanadye kwa maola 10 mpaka 10, ndiye kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amakhala pafupifupi 5.8. Pambuyo pazakudya (kuphatikiza pang'ono), kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi la munthu kumatuluka, zomwe ndizovomerezeka.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi am'magazi kuli m'magawo 7.1-8.1 mmol / l maola ochepa mutatha kudya. Mtengo wapamwamba (9.2-10.1) ndi cholozera chovomerezeka, koma ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse ndende.

Mulingo wokwanira shuga (shuga) m'madzi am'magazi mwa akazi ndi amuna omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi 11.1 mmol / l. Ndi zizindikirozi, thanzi la wodwalayo limaleka kukhala labwinobwino, ndipo amalingalira pazomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse shuga.

Momwe mungayesere mayeso?

Pali njira ziwiri zodziwira kuti ali ndi shuga - kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer yonyamula ndi zida zama labotale. Kusanthula ndi chida kumachitika mwachangu, koma sikumapereka chotsimikizika. Njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyambirira, kafukufukuyu asanachitike mu labotale. Mwazi umachotsedwa kuchokera ku chala kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha.

Ndikofunikira kutenga biomaterial ku chala: mu magazi a venous glucose ali apamwamba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati shuga ndi 5.9 mukamatenga sampuli kuchokera mu mtsempha, kuyesa kwa chala pansi pazomwezi kumawonetsa mtengo wotsika.

M'mabotolo, pamakhala mndandanda wama glucose pamene mukuyesedwa kuchokera ku chala ndi mtsempha. Mwazi wa m'magazi osiyanasiyana wa 5.9 mmol / l mukamayesa chala ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwa odwala matenda ashuga akayesedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Matenda a shuga kapena prediabetes?

Matenda a shuga amapezeka atazindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimavomerezeka zomwe zimafanananso mwa azimayi ndi abambo. Kukula kwa shuga pang'onopang'ono mukatha kudya kumawerengedwa pafupifupi pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wazikhalidwe (zakale). Kuchuluka kwa shuga pambuyo pazakumwa zimatengera zakudya zomwe zadyedwa. Zakudya zamoto wokwera kwambiri wokhala ndi shuga wambiri zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwambiri ngakhale pakadalibe matenda a shuga mpaka 7 mmol / L. Ndikudya mokwanira mwa munthu wathanzi (mosaganizira jenda ndi zaka), chizindikiro sichidutsa 5.3.

Lumikizanani ndi katswiri ngati zikuyendetsedwera pazotsatira izi:

• pamimba yopanda kanthu - kuyambira 5.8 mpaka 7.8,
• patadutsa maola angapo atangoyanika - kuchokera 7.5 mpaka 11 mmol / l.

Ngati koyamba, shuga wamagazi ndi 5.8 kapena kuposa, sizachilendo kwenikweni kupezeka kwa matenda, chifukwa chake funsani kwa endocrinologist.

Ngati munthu wathanzi labwino akakhala ndi zakudya zokwanira mokwanira, kuyezedwa bwino ndikofunikira.

Makhalidwe oterewa ndi amodzi a prediabetes - chikhalidwe chomwe ndi chozungulira cha matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndipo chimachitika mwa amayi ndi abambo a zaka zopitilira 40, makamaka pamaso pa kunenepa kwambiri.

Ngati zotsatira zake ndi zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa 7 pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi 11 mmol / l mutatha kudya, amalankhula za matenda omwe apezeka - mtundu 2 shuga mellitus (DM).

Mchere wamagazi wovomerezeka mwa munthu wopanda mavuto a chithokomiro, mutatha kudya shuga komanso zakudya zamafuta kwambiri, sizidutsa 7 mmol / L.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso shuga

Chowonetsera, chomwe chimayesedwa pambuyo pa chakudya pambuyo pa kudya, zimatengera chakudya chomwe wodwala amatenga maola angapo mayeso asanachitike, zomwe zimafotokozedwazi sizimasiyana mwa azimayi ndi abambo. Kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi masana kumadalira pafupipafupi chakudya komanso zakudya. Ndi zakudya zama carb kwambiri, pamakhala kupsinjika kwamphamvu mu glucose. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, izi ndizowopsa.

Odwala, poyang'ana pagome la miyambo kwa anthu athanzi, ali ndi chidwi - ngati magazi amkati mwa 5.9 mmol / l, momwe angachepetse? Timayankha kuti: phindu silikhala lopitilira muyeso wa matenda ashuga, chifukwa chake, palibe chomwe chimayenera kuchitidwa. Chinsinsi cha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino m'matenda a shuga - chindapusa cha matendawa - njira zingapo zomwe zimatheka kuchepetsa glucose momwe mungathere kukhala pamlingo woyandikira kwa nthawi yayitali. Mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, izi zimatheka kudzera mu chakudya chamagulu komanso kuwonda.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, jakisoni ndi mankhwala amathandizidwe amathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Makhalidwe otsutsa

Matenda a shuga mwa munthu m'magazi ndi chimodzimodzi kwa amuna ndi akazi, koma masana masinthidwe ake amasintha. Kuchuluka kwake kumawonedwa m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu, pazokwanira - mutatha kudya zakudya zamatumbo ambiri kapena musanagone, ngati chakudya chamagulu chimakhala chokwanira.

Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri amayambitsa mavuto. Mulingo wokwanira shuga m'magazi a shuga ndi 11 mmol / L.Mtengo uwu ukachulukitsidwa, thupi limaleka kuthana ndi katundu, ndipo impso zimayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika kuchotsa glucose wambiri mumkodzo. Matendawa amatchedwa glucosuria ndipo amakhala ngati akudwala matenda ashuga. Komabe, ziwerengero sizolondola, popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a munthu kumatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha.

Odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amadzimva bwino pamagulu a shuga a 11 mmol / L, pomwe ena sazindikira kuwonjezeka kwa shuga mpaka 13 mmol / L.

Kodi ndi shuga wanji wamagazi m'magazi a anthu omwe amachititsa kufa? Mtengo wake ndi wovuta kudziwa. Mu chikomine cha matenda ashuga, shuga wowopsa yemwe amapezeka ndi 50 mmol / L amawonedwa.

Kumbukirani: cholozera komanso cholozera chazenera kwambiri ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya. Madokotala amalimbikitsa chaka chilichonse kuyezetsa magazi kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 45. Chikhalidwe cha shuga m'magazi amunthu chimatengera zinthu zambiri: ngakhale madzi omwe mumamwa m'mawa amakhudza phindu. Chifukwa chake, kukonzekera phunziroli kuyenera kukhala kokwanira.

Gawani ndi abwenzi:

Mwazi wamagazi ambiri

Glycemia - chizindikiro cha shuga (shuga) m'magazi. Glucose imatchedwa carbohydrate yosavuta, yomwe imapereka maselo ndi minyewa yonse ya thupi ndi mphamvu, ndiye kuti imawerengedwa ngati mtundu wamafuta. Choyamba, chinthucho ndichofunikira pakugwirira ntchito koyenera kwamkati wamanjenje ndi minofu ya minofu.

Thupi laumunthu limapangidwa m'njira yoti tsiku ndi tsiku limayang'anira shuga m'magazi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwawo kochulukirapo kapena kuchepa kwake kumadzetsa thanzi. Kuchulukitsa kwa shuga wamagazi (hyperglycemia) sikungakhale njira yachilengedwe yokha yomwe imachitika mutatha kudya chakudya, komanso chizindikiro cha matenda angapo omwe amafunikira kuzindikira kwakanthawi ndi kukonza.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha shuga wambiri ndi chiyani, ndi zotsatirapo zake komanso momwe mungachitire ndi vuto lotere, zomwe takambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Pang'onopang'ono za udindo wa shuga

Chakudya chikalowa m'thupi, njira zake zimakonzedwa. Zakudya zomanga thupi, monga mapuloteni, lipids, zimayamba kugawika pazinthu zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo glucose monosaccharide. Kupitilira apo, shuga amayamba kudzera mu khoma lamatumbo ndikulowa m'magazi, shuga wambiri amadziwika kuti ndiwachilengedwe. Izi sizikhala nthawi yayitali, mpaka kuphatikizidwa kwa njira zowonjezera.

Zikondwererozo zimalandira chisonyezo chochokera ku dongosolo lamanjenje chapakati chofuna kubwezeretsa glycemia kunthawi zonse. Kuchuluka kwina kwa mphamvu ya insulin yomwe imagwira. Imafikitsa shuga m'maselo ndi minofu, "ndikutsegulira zitseko."

Poyerekeza ndi machitidwe angapo a pathological, insulin sangathe kutumiza shuga m'maselo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kosakwanira kapena ngati minyewa yamthupi itayika. Ndiye kuti, maselo samangoona "zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'thupi. Njira zonsezi za kukula kwa shuga m'magazi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, koma mitundu yake.

Matenda a shuga ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe pali kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuphatikiza pa "matenda okoma", palinso zinthu zina zomwe zimatha kutsagana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga kwakanthawi kapena kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, musanatembenuke ku funso la zomwe zimayambitsa, ziyenera kumvetsedwa kuti ndi ziwerengero ziti za glycemic zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizovomerezeka, komanso zomwe zimapitilira zomwe zimadziwika.

Ndi manambala ati a shuga omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi abwinobwino?

Zizindikiro zachilendo zam'magazi m'magazi ndi ziwerengero zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizoyenera kugwira ntchito kwa thupi komanso kutuluka kwa njira zofunika. Pali ziwerengero zovomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo zomwe zimawoneka ngati zabwinobwino. Zizindikiro zake zimatengera mfundo izi:

• magazi a venous amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana kapena capillary,
• zaka
• kukhalapo kwa njira zodziwika zamagetsi.

Kuyambira nthawi yobadwa komanso masiku 28 oyambirira a moyo wa mwana, pazomwe zimaloledwa ndi 4.4 mmol / l. Ngati shuga ali pansi pa 2.8 mmol / L, mutha kuganiza za kuchepa kwake kovuta. Kuyambira mwezi umodzi wamoyo mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, zaka zovomerezeka zimakwera mpaka 5 mmol / L, kenako mpaka 5,5 mmol / L, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi glycemia ya munthu wamkulu.

Zofunika! Malowa ocheperako ndi 3.33 mmol / l, pankhani ya manambala ochepera omwe tikulankhula za hypoglycemia. Mikhalidwe yonseyi (hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia) imawonedwa kuti ndiyowopsa m'thupi la munthu.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, shuga amakhalanso chimodzimodzi ndi munthu wamkulu, komabe, matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kupezeka pakadali pano. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe maselo a thupi la mzimayi amalephera kumva za insulin (monga njira yodziyimira payekha ya matenda a shuga a mellitus). Pathology imasowa mwana akabadwa.

Werengani zambiri za kuchuluka kwa shuga panthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati imapezeka m'nkhaniyi.

Ndi kukula, chidwi cha minofu yokhala ndi insulin receptors chimachepetsa, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma receptors okha komanso kuchuluka kwa thupi. Momwemo, ziwerengero zovomerezeka za glycemic mwa anthu okalamba zimasunthidwa pang'ono mmwamba.

Mankhwala

Kuonjezera shuga kwa magazi kumatha kuchitika pakumwa mankhwala ena:

• okodzetsa
• mahomoni a adrenal cortex,
• glucagon,
• osasankha beta blockers.

Chifukwa chotsatira ndi kukhudzidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zikuvutitsa. Izi sizichita mwachindunji, koma kudzera mu kuchepa kwa mphamvu yoteteza, kutsika kwa kayendedwe ka metabolic. Kuphatikiza apo, kupsinjika kumalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka mahomoni, omwe amawonedwa ngati okhathamiritsa a insulin, ndiye kuti, amachepetsa mphamvu yake ndikupanga kapamba.

Matenda a matenda opatsirana komanso otupa zimakhudzanso mfundo yoti pali magazi ochulukirapo m'magazi. Kuti thupi la munthu ligwirizane ndi ma pathological othandizira, pamafunika mphamvu zamagetsi. Chiwindi chimayamba kugwira ntchito kwa gluconeogeneis - kapangidwe kake kamene kamakhala ndi shuga kuchokera m'matumbo a zinthu zopanda mafuta. Zotsatira zake ndi hyperglycemia osakhalitsa, omwe safuna chithandizo chapadera.

Kuperewera kwa insulin

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zofunika zomwe zikupita patsogolo pakukonzanso matenda a shuga 1. Kuperewera kwa mankhwala a insulin kwadzetsa nthaka. Amakula nthawi zambiri ali aang'ono, amapezeka ngakhale mwa ana.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsutsidwa chifukwa chakuti timadzi tambiri sikokwanira kunyamula mamolekyu a glucose ku maselo ndi zimakhala. Mphamvu ya chitetezo chathupi imawononga maselo achinsinsi a insulin yake. Gawo la shuga limapangidwa ndi chiwindi, linalo limathiridwa mkodzo. Pang'ono ndizomwe zimasungidwa kosungidwa mu minofu ya adipose. Popita nthawi, hyperglycemia imakhala poizoni, popeza momwe amagwirira ntchito amaonedwa ngati yovuta.

Limagwirira a chitukuko cha "matenda okoma" mtundu 1

Zinthu zotsatirazi zikukhudzidwa:

• maselo aubongo
• mitsempha yamagazi
• zotumphukira zamanjenje dongosolo
• impso
• zojambula zowonera
• miyendo yotsika.

Njira za tumor

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zotupa zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa hyperglycemia. Izi zimaphatikizapo pheochromocytoma ndi glucagon. Pheochromocytoma ndi chotupa cha adrenal cortex. Zikachitika, kupangika kwa ma contrainsular mahomoni (adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine), omwe amatsutsana ndi insulin, amawonjezeka.

Glucagonoma ndi chotupa chokhala ndi mahomoni chomwe chimapanga payokha glucagon. Hormone iyi imakhalanso ndi vuto lina, lomwe limachepetsa misempha ya insulin m'magazi.

Zithandizo za anthu

Monga othandizira othandizira komanso kupewa hypoglycemia, njira zapakhomo, kuphatikizapo njira zina zothandizira, ndizabwino.Kuti muwonjezere shuga ndi mankhwala azitsamba, ma teti ndi decoctions amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo katundu wawo akhoza kukhala ndi cholinga osati kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa glucose, komanso kutsitsa. Izi ndi zofunika kuti sinthidwe kupanga insulin ndi kupewa kukula kwa poysa hypoglycemia.

Ngati shuga wochepa wapezeka, zinthu zotsatirazi zofunikira:

Langizo: ngati palibe mavuto ndi m'mimba thirakiti, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito supuni ya anyezi madzi musanadye.

Gulu

Pali magawo angapo amomwe amagawidwa malinga ndi zomwe zimawonetsa shuga:

• Kufatsa - glucose saposa 8.3 mmol / L. Zizindikiro zimatha kukhala zofowoka kapena pafupifupi zosawoneka.
• Yapakatikati - shuga sichidutsa mzere wa 11 mmol / L. Zizindikiro za pathology zimafotokozedwa bwino.
• Severe - pamwambapa 11.1 mmol / L. Anthu ambiri ali kale ndi zizindikiro za ketoacidosis.

Ngati glucose amadutsa pakhomo la 16 mmol / l, tikulankhula za kuwonjezeka kovuta, chitukuko cha boma la precoma. Pamwamba pa 50 mmol / L - hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma.

Tsoka ilo, gawo loyambira la pathological silikuwoneka. Hyperglycemia yachilengedwe ilibe chiwonetsero chilichonse. Kufuna kumwa madzi ambiri ndi chizindikiro chokhacho, ndipo ngakhale ndiye kwakanthawi.

Zofunika! Mu shuga mellitus, pali zizindikiro zoonekeratu kuti kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonekera pakafa anthu oposa 85% ya maselo achinsinsi a insulini. Izi zikufotokozera kusapangika kwa njira ya pathological.

Kukula kwa zizindikiro kukuwonetsa kuopsa kwa vutolo

Pambuyo pake, wodwalayo amakhala ndi izi:

• Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chidwi chambiri,
• kukodza pafupipafupi,
• ludzu lamaubongo
• kamwa yowuma
• kuyabwa pakhungu, zotupa za pakhungu losadziwika bwino,
• kutopa kosalekeza
• kugona
• dziko lokhumudwa.

Glycemia wapamwamba imapezeka poyesa magazi, ndipo pambuyo pake mkodzo. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa hyperglycemia, mawonetsedwe a matenda am'mimba adayamba kutchulidwa.

Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za zofunikira za shuga m'magazi m'nkhaniyi.

Mikhalidwe yovuta

Mlingo wovuta wa shuga m'magazi ungapangitse kuti pakhale chikomokere, ndipo pakalibe thandizo, zimatha kufa. Izi zimachitika motere:

Kodi shuga wotsika magazi amatanthauza chiyani?

1. Chifukwa chakuti glucose salowa m'maselo, omaliza amakhala ndi mphamvu yotsika.
2. Chiwindi chimayankha izi, kuyamba kupanga shuga payokha, koma zochuluka zaiwo ndimagazi.
3. Thupi limayesetsa kuthana ndi vutoli mwakusintha maselo omwe alipo amafuta kukhala mphamvu.
4. Zotsatira zamachitidwe otere, matupi a acetone (ketone) amatulutsidwa m'magazi, omwe amadyetsa maselo, koma kuphwanya kwakukulu pH ya magazi.
5. Matendawa amatchedwa ketoacidosis, amatengedwa ngati vuto limodzi la matenda ashuga.

Zofunika! Ndi acidity yamagazi, anthu 7.0 amagwera mu chikomokere, ngati manambala atsika mpaka 6.87, imfa imachitika.

Potsimikizira kukula kwa zovuta, dokotalayo amadalira chizindikiro cha labotale

Ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a matupi a acetone m'magazi, thupi limayesetsa kuwachotsa, ndikupereka mkodzo (ketonuria). Momwe mzimu wofoka wakudwala, fungo la acetone limazindikiranso. Mutu wopweteka kwambiri umachitika, zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zimatchulidwa kwambiri. Matenda akumva kupweteka kwam'mimba, nseru ndi kusanza zimawonekera, kupuma kumakhala kwakukulu komanso kwakuya.

Vutoli limafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala. Ngati munthu alowetsa ziwonetsero, amatha kupulumutsidwa kwa maola 4-8 okha.

Mfundo zothandizira ndi chithandizo chamankhwala

Zoyenera kuchita ndi ketoacidosis komanso momwe mungachitire ndi matenda a hyperglycemia, endocrinologist angakuuzeni. Pakukwera kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi, tsatirani malangizo awa:

• Muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glycemia.Kunyumba, izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, kuchipatala - mwa njira zasayansi (mu capillary kapena venous magazi seramu).
• Mupatseni madzi akumwa ambiri, koma ngati munthu sakudziwa, sayenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi.
• Lowetsani insulin ngati mugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu.
• Ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwala a oxygen ndi kuvomerezedwa kuchipatala.

Mu chipatala, gastric lavage kapena enema imachitika ndi koloko yothira mchere kuti mubwezeretse acid-base usawa.

Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za zomwe mungachite ngati pakukula kwa glycemia munkhaniyi.

Mankhwala ena ali motere. Muyenera kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, kuwonjezera zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'zakudya, mowa uyenera kusiyidwa kwathunthu. Ndikofunikira kudya pafupipafupi, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kudya calorie tsiku ndi tsiku, komwe kumawerengedwa payekhapayekha. Shuga kuchokera muzakudya uyenera kuthetsedweratu, m'malo mwa shuga amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Endocrinologist - katswiri yemwe amakonza njira yochizira matenda ashuga komanso mavuto ena a endocrinological omwe amayambitsa hyperglycemia

Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga, mtundu wa insulini wowongolera umakonzedwa, ndipo ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti abwezeretse glycemia kukhala yofanana. Chofunikira pa chithandizo chamankhwala ndichinthu chokwanira kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwapadera kumayambitsa kukondoweza kwa kupanga insulini ndikukulitsa chidwi cha maselo ndi minyewa yamthupi ku mahomoni.

Kutsatira ndi malingaliro a akatswiri oyenerera amatha kukhala ndi thanzi komanso kupewa kuti pakhale zovuta zingapo.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Chofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo chilichonse ndi moyo komanso zakudya, kuphatikizapo. Ndi hypoglycemia, kudya kwapadera kumalimbikitsidwa. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndikuwongolera kwa index ya glycemic ya zinthu. Kutengera ndi mtengo wake, ndizotheka kudziwa katundu pa thupi ndi shuga, ndiye kuti, zakudya zomwe zimachuluka. Tebulo likuwonetsa magulu atatu. Kuchokera muzakudya muyenera kuthetseratu gulu lofiira ndikukhala menyu obiriwira.

Zofunika! Chochita chokhala ndi shuga wambiri chimakweza zikhazikitso kwa nthawi yochepa chabe ndikuwonjezera kuchepa kwa msanga, kumasula ma metabolic. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amafunika kuchepetsedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pakukweza shuga.

Iyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya zomwe zimachepetsa shuga. Imasinthasintha kagayidwe ndipo imalepheretsa kulumpha kugwira ntchito. Awa ndi masamba ndi zipatso, Yerusalemu artichoke, parsley ndi saladi, nsomba zamafuta ochepa ndi nyama.

Popewa hypoglycemia, muyenera kusintha zakudya zanu, nkudya maola atatu aliwonse, osamwa moledzera. Sinthanso ntchito yolimbitsa thupi. Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndiye njira yabwino yopewera matenda.

Zambiri

Mu thupi, njira zonse za metabolic zimachitika mogwirizana. Ndi kuphwanya kwawo, matenda osiyanasiyana ndi matenda am'matumbo amayamba, pakati pake pomwe pali kuwonjezeka shugamu magazi.

Tsopano anthu amamwa shuga wambiri, komanso chakudya chamafuta ambiri. Palinso umboni kuti kumwa kwawo kwachulukitsa ka 20 m'zaka zapitazi. Kuphatikiza apo, zachilengedwe ndi kukhalapo kwa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopanda chilengedwe m'zakudya posachedwapa zakhudza thanzi la anthu. Zotsatira zake, njira za metabolic zimasokonekera mwa ana ndi akulu omwe. Kusokonezeka kwa lipid metabolism, kuchuluka kochulukirapo pa kapamba, kamene kamatulutsa mahomoniinsulin.

Pabwana, mikhalidwe yolakwika ya kudya imapangidwa - ana amadya sopo wokoma, chakudya mwachangu, tchipisi, maswiti, ndi zina zotere. Zotsatira zake - zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimatha kuchitika ngakhale mwa mwana, pomwe kale matenda ashuga Amawonedwa ngati matenda a okalamba.Pakadali pano, zizindikiro zakuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi zimawonedwa kwambiri mwa anthu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumayiko otukuka kukukulira chaka chilichonse.

Glycemia Izi ndizomwe zili ndi shuga m'magazi a anthu. Kuti mumvetsetse tanthauzo la lingaliro ili, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti glucose ndi ziti ndikuwonetsa zomwe glucose ayenera kukhala.

Glucose - chomwe ndi thupi, zimatengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe munthu amadya. Glucose ndiye monosaccharide, chinthu chomwe ndi mtundu wamafuta m'thupi la munthu, michere yofunika kwambiri kumachitidwe amanjenje apakati. Komabe, zochulukirapo zake zimadzetsa kuvulaza thupi.

Mwazi wamagazi

Kuti mumvetsetse ngati matenda akulu akupezeka, muyenera kudziwa bwino lomwe mulingo wabwinobwino wa shuga mwa akulu ndi ana. Mulingo wothira magazi, womwe ndi wofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito, umakhala ndi insulin. Koma ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni awa sikupangidwa, kapena matupi awo samayankha mokwanira ku insulin, ndiye kuti shuga yamagazi imakwera. Kuwonjezeka kwa chizindikiro ichi kumakhudzidwa ndi kusuta, zakudya zopanda thanzi, komanso zovuta zina.

Yankho la funsoli, kodi shuga ndimagazi a munthu wamkulu bwanji, limapereka World Health Organisation. Pali miyeso yovomerezeka ya shuga. Ndi shuga wambiri yemwe ayenera kukhala m'mimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera m'mitsempha yamagazi (magazi amatha kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala), chikuwonetsedwa patebulo lomwe lili pansipa. Zizindikiro zili mmol / L.

Chifukwa chake, ngati zizindikirozo zili pansipa, ndiye kuti munthu hypoglycemiangati apamwamba - hyperglycemia. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti zosankha zilizonse ndizowopsa mthupi, chifukwa izi zikutanthauza kuti kuphwanyidwa kumachitika mthupi, ndipo nthawi zina kumasintha.

Munthu akamakula, mphamvu yake ya insulin imayamba kuchepa chifukwa chakuti ena mwa ma cell amafa, komanso kulemera kwa thupi kumakulanso.

Amavomerezedwa kuti ngati magazi a capillary ndi venous ayesedwa, zotsatira zake zimatha kusinthasintha pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, pozindikira zomwe zili bwinobwino shuga, zotsatira zake zimakhala zochulukirapo. Mulingo wamba wamadzimadzi magazi ndi 3.5-6.1, magazi a capillary ndi 3.5-5,5. Mchitidwe wa shuga mutatha kudya, ngati munthu ali wathanzi, amasiyana pang'ono ndi izi, akukwera mpaka 6.6. Pamwamba pa chizindikiro ichi mwa anthu athanzi, shuga samachuluka. Koma musakhale ndi mantha kuti shuga ya magazi ndi 6,6, chochita - muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Ndizotheka kuti kafukufuku wotsatira akhale ndi zotsikirapo. Komanso, ngati mungapange kusanthula kamodzi, shuga wamagazi, mwachitsanzo, 2.2, muyenera kubwereza kusanthula kwanu.

Chifukwa chake, sikokwanira kungoyesa shuga kamodzi kokha kuti mudziwe matenda a shuga. Ndikofunikira maulendo angapo kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, momwe nthawi iliyonse imatha kupitilira muyeso wosiyanasiyana. Mapindikira apakati akuyenera kuwunikiridwa. Ndikofunikanso kuyerekezera zotsatirazo ndi zizindikiro ndi deta yoyeserera. Chifukwa chake, mukalandira zotsatira za mayeso a shuga, ngati 12, choti muchite, katswiri adzakuuzani. Zotheka kuti ndi shuga 9, 13, 14, 16, matenda a shuga atha kukayikiridwa.

Koma ngati chizolowezi cha shuga m'magazi chitha kupitirira apo, ndipo zizindikiritsozo kuyambira chala ndi 5.6-6.1, ndipo kuchokera m'mitsempha ndikuyambira 6.1 mpaka 7, izi zimadziwika kuti prediabetes(kulolerana kwa shuga).

Ndi zotsatira kuchokera mu mtsempha wa oposa 7 mmol / l (7.4, etc.), ndipo kuchokera chala - pamwamba pa 6.1, tikulankhula kale za matenda ashuga. Pa mayeso odalirika a matenda ashuga, mayeso amagwiritsidwa ntchito - glycated hemoglobin.

Komabe, popanga mayeso, zotsatira zake nthawi zina zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi shuga wamagazi mwa ana ndi akulu omwe amapereka. Kodi shuga ndi chiyani mwa ana amapezeka pagome pamwambapa.Ndiye ngati shuga ndi ochepa, amatanthauza chiyani? Ngati mulingo wachepera 3.5, izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo wapanga hypoglycemia. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga achepetse amatha kukhala othandizira, ndipo amatha kukhala ogwirizana ndi pathologies. Mwazi wamagazi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza matendawa ndikuwunika momwe chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chikugwirira ntchito komanso chiphuphu cha shuga. Ngati glucose musanadye, ola limodzi kapena maola awiri mutatha kudya, osapitirira 10 mmol / l, ndiye kuti mtundu wa 1 shuga umalipidwa.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, njira zowunikira zimagwira. Pamimba yopanda kanthu, mulingo sayenera kukhala wapamwamba kuposa 6 mmol / l, masana chovomerezeka sichiri kuposa 8,25.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyeza magazi awo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala magazi shuga mita. Kuunikira moyenera zotsatirazi zikuthandizira tebulo loyeza ndi glucometer.

Kodi shuga amapezeka motani tsiku lililonse kwa munthu? Anthu athanzi ayenera kupanga mokwanira zakudya zawo popanda maswiti ogwiritsa ntchito molakwika, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga - amatsatira malangizo a dokotala mosamala.

Chizindikiro ichi chikuyenera kuyang'anira akazi. Popeza azimayi ali ndi mawonekedwe ena a kuthupi, kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi kumatha kusiyanasiyana. Kuchuluka kwa glucose sikuti nthawi zonse kumakhala matenda. Chifukwa chake, popanga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa akazi, ndikofunikira kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikumadziwika pakapita msambo. Munthawi imeneyi, kuwunikaku kungakhale kosadalirika.

Mwa azimayi patatha zaka 50, nthawi ya kusintha kwa thupi, kusintha kwakukulu kwa mahomoni kumachitika m'thupi. Pakadali pano, zosintha zimachitika mu kayendedwe ka chakudya. Chifukwa chake, amayi opitirira 60 ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti shuga amayenera kuwunika pafupipafupi, kwinaku akumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a amayi apakati kumatha kusinthanso. At mimba kusiyanasiyana kwa chizolowezi kumawerengedwa kuti kumawonetsedwa kukhala chisonyezo mpaka 6.3. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa amayi oyembekezera kukupitilira 7, uwu ndi mwayi wowunikira pafupipafupi komanso kusankhidwa kwa maphunziro owonjezera.

Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi mwa amuna ndi wokhazikika: 3.3-5.6 mmol / l. Ngati munthu ali wathanzi, kuchuluka kwa glucose mwa amuna sikuyenera kukhala okwera kapena otsika kuposa izi. Chizindikiro chokhazikika ndi 4,5, 4.6, ndi zina. Kwa iwo amene ali ndi chidwi ndi mndandanda wazikhalidwe za abambo malinga ndi zaka, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60 ndizokwera.

Zizindikiro za High shuga

Shuga wowonjezera amatha kutsimikiziridwa ngati munthu ali ndi zizindikilo zina. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mwa munthu wamkulu komanso mwana ziyenera kumuchenjeza:

• kufooka, kutopa kwambiri,
• cholimbikitsidwa kulakalaka Kuchepetsa thupi,
• ludzu ndi kumverera kosalekeza kukamwa kowuma
• kukoka kambiri komanso pafupipafupi, maulendo a usiku kupita kuchimbudzi ndi chikhalidwe,
• mafinya, zilonda ndi zotupa zina pakhungu, zotupa zotere sizichira,
• kuwonetsedwa pafupipafupi kwa kuyabwa m'misempha, kumaliseche,
• kukulira chitetezo chokwanirakuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, kuzizidwa pafupipafupi, ziwengomwa akulu
• kuwonongeka kowoneka, makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 50.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa zisonyezo zotere kungasonyeze kuti pali kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti zizindikiritso za shuga wambiri zimatha kuwonetsedwa kokha mwa zina mwazowonetsa. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale pokhapokha ngati zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa shuga zikuwoneka mwa munthu wamkulu kapena mwana, muyenera kuyesedwa ndi kudziwa shuga. Kodi ndi shuga wanji, ngati wokwera, chochita, - zonsezi zimatha kupezedwa mwa kufunsira katswiri.

Gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga limaphatikizapo omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja la matenda ashuga, kunenepa, matenda a kapamba, etc. Ngati munthu ali mgululi, ndiye kuti phindu limodzi silitanthauza kuti matendawo kulibe.Kupatula apo, matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amapezeka popanda zizindikiro ndi mawonekedwe, osatsimikizira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyesa mayeso ena nthawi zingapo, chifukwa mwina ndizotheka kuti zizindikirika zikhalepo.

Ngati pali zizindikiro zoterezi, shuga wamagazi amakhalanso wapamwamba panthawi ya pakati. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri. Ngati glucose panthawi yapakati imakwezedwa, kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani komanso zoyenera kukhazikitsa podzikhazikitsa, dokotala ayenera kufotokozera.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kuwunikira kolimbikitsa kwabwino ndikothekanso. Chifukwa chake, ngati chizindikiro, mwachitsanzo, 6 kapena shuga wamagazi, izi zikutanthauza chiyani, zitha kutsimikizika pokhapokha maphunziro obwereza kangapo. Zoyenera kuchita ngati mukukayika, ndizomwe zimawonetsa dokotala. Pozindikira, atha kukuwonetsani mayeso owonjezera, mwachitsanzo, mayeso ololera a glucose, mayeso okhudza shuga.

Momwe mungayesere kulekerera kwa shuga

Adatchulidwa kuyeserera kwa shugae ikuchitika kuti adziwe zobisika za matenda a shuga, komanso ndi thandizo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi matenda a kusokonezeka mayamwidwe, hypoglycemia.

NTG (kulolerana kwa shuga) - ndi chiyani, adokotala amafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane. Koma ngati chikhalidwe chololera chikuphwanyidwa, ndiye kuti theka la anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatenga zaka zopitilira 10, 25% izi sizisintha, ndipo 25% imazimiririka.

Kusintha kwa kulolerako kumathandizira kutsimikiza kwa zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism, zobisika komanso zowonekera. Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamayesa mayeso omwe phunziroli limakupatsani mwayi wofotokozera za vutoli, ngati mukukayika.

Kuzindikira koteroko ndikofunikira makamaka pazinthu ngati izi:

• ngati palibe chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo mkodzo, cheke chimavumbulutsa shuga nthawi ndi nthawi.
• makamaka ngati palibe zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, zimadziwoneka zokha polyuria- kuchuluka kwamikodzo patsiku kumachulukana, pomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakhala kwabwinobwino,
• kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo wa mayi woyembekezera panthawi yotseka mwana, komanso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso komanso chithokomiro,
• ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, koma shuga kulibe mkodzo, ndipo zomwe zili m'magazi ndizabwinobwino (mwachitsanzo, ngati shuga ndi 5.5, mukamayang'anidwanso ndi 4,4 kapena kutsika, ngati 5.5 nthawi yapakati, koma zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimachitika) ,
• ngati munthu ali ndi masanjidwe amtundu wa matenda ashuga, koma palibe zizindikiro za shuga,
• mwa amayi ndi ana awo, ngati kulemera kwa kubadwa kwa amenewo kunali koposa 4 makilogalamu, pambuyo pake kulemera kwa mwana wazaka chimodzi kulinso lalikulu,
• mwa anthu ndi mitsempha, retinopathy.

Kuyesedwa, komwe kumayesa NTG (kulolera shuga), kumachitika motere: poyamba, munthu yemwe akuyesedwa amakhala ndi m'mimba yopanda magazi kuti atenge magazi kuchokera ku capillaries. Pambuyo pake, munthu ayenera kudya magalamu 75 a shuga. Kwa ana, mlingo mu magalamu amawerengedwa mosiyanasiyana: 1 makilogalamu kulemera 1.75 g shuga.

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi, magalamu 75 a shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndipo ndi koyenera kudya kuchuluka kotere, mwachitsanzo, kwa mayi woyembekezera, muyenera kudziwa kuti pafupifupi shuga wofanana amapezeka, mwachitsanzo, chidutswa cha mkate.

Kulekerera kwa glucose kumatsimikiziridwa ola 1 ndi 2 zitatha izi. Zotsatira zodalirika kwambiri zimapezeka pambuyo pa ola limodzi pambuyo pake.

Kuyesa kulolera kwa glucose kumatha kukhala pa tebulo la zizindikiro, mayunitsi - mmol / l.

Kenako, dziwani mkhalidwe wa kagayidwe kazakudya. Mwa izi, ma coefficients amawerengedwa:

• Hyperglycemic- akuwonetsa momwe glucose amakhudzana ndi ola limodzi pambuyo pothira shuga kusala magazi.Chizindikiro ichi sichiyenera kupitirira 1.7.
• Hypoglycemic- akuwonetsa momwe glucose amakhudzira patatha maola awiri pambuyo poti shuga ayambitse magazi. Chizindikiro ichi sichiyenera kupitirira 1.3.

Ndikofunikira kuwerengera ma coefficients awa, chifukwa nthawi zina, pambuyo poyeserera kulekerera kwa glucose, munthu samatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro zowonetsera zakusokonekera, ndipo chimodzi mwazomwezi ndizochulukirapo.

Pankhaniyi, tanthauzo lazotsatira zokayikitsa limakhazikika, ndiye kuti pa matenda a shuga ndiye munthu amene ali pachiwopsezo.

Glycated hemoglobin - ndi chiyani?

Zomwe zimayenera kukhala shuga wamagazi, zotsimikizika ndi magome omwe adasungidwira pamwambapa. Komabe, pali kuyesanso kwina komwe kumalimbikitsa kuti anthu azindikire matenda ashuga. Amayitanidwa glycated hemoglobin mayeso - omwe glucose amalumikizidwa m'magazi.

Wikipedia ikuwonetsa kuti kusanthula kumatchedwa mulingo hemoglobin HbA1C, yereketsani izi. Palibe kusiyana kwa zaka: zofananira ndizofanana kwa akulu ndi ana.

Phunziroli ndi labwino kwambiri kwa onse adotolo komanso odwala. Kupatula apo, zopereka zamagazi ndizovomerezeka nthawi iliyonse masana kapena ngakhale madzulo, osati pamimba yopanda kanthu. Wodwala sayenera kumwa glucose ndikudikirira nthawi. Komanso, mosiyana ndi zoletsa zomwe njira zina zimapereka, zotsatirazi sizitengera mankhwala, kupsinjika, chimfine, matenda - mutha kutenga ndemanga ndikupeza umboni wolondola.

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amawongolera shuga m'magazi atatu omaliza.

Komabe, pali zovuta zina za kafukufukuyu:

• okwera mtengo kuposa mayeso ena,
• ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto locheperako la mahomoni a chithokomiro, akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zochulukirapo,
• ngati munthu ali ndi magazi m'thupi, otsika hemoglobin, zotsatira zosokonekera zingatsimikizidwe,
• palibe njira yopita kuchipatala chilichonse,
• munthu akamagwiritsa ntchito waukulu mavitaminiNdi kapena E, chizindikiro chochepetsedwa chimatsimikiziridwa, komabe, kudalira kumeneku sikunatsimikiziridwe chimodzimodzi.

Kodi muyezo wa hemoglobin wa glycated ndi uti?

Chifukwa chiyani pali shuga wochepa wamagazi

Hypoglycemia imawonetsa kuti shuga ya magazi ndiyotsika. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumeneku ndikowopsa ngati nkovuta.

Ngati zakudya zamagulu chifukwa cha shuga wochepa sizipezeka, ubongo wa munthu umavutika. Zotsatira zake, ndizotheka chikomokere.

Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuchitika ngati shuga agwera ku 1.9 kapena kuchepera - mpaka 1.6, 1.7, 1.8. Pankhaniyi, kukokana ndikotheka, sitiroko, chikomokere. Mkhalidwe wa munthu ndi woopsa kwambiri ngati mulingo ndi 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4,

1.5 mmol / L. Pankhaniyi, popanda kuchitapo kanthu, imfa ndiyotheka.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa osati chifukwa chomwe chizindikirochi chikukwera, komanso zifukwa zomwe glucose imatha kugwa kwambiri. Kodi zimachitika bwanji kuti mayesowo akuwonetsa kuti glucose ndi wotsika mwa munthu wathanzi?

Choyamba, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kudya pang'ono. Pansi pa okhwima chakudyamthupi, zosunga mkati zimatha pang'ono pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ngati kwa nthawi yayitali (kuchuluka - kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi), munthu amapewa kudya, shuga magazi a m'magazi kukana.

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso kuchepetsa shuga. Chifukwa cha katundu wolemera kwambiri, shuga amatha kuchepa ngakhale ndi chakudya chamagulu.

Ndi kumwa kwambiri maswiti, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachulukitsa kwambiri. Koma kwakanthawi kochepa, shuga akucheperachepera. Mowa ndi mowa zimathanso kuchuluka, kenako ndikuchepetsa kwambiri magazi.

Ngati pali shuga pang'ono m'magazi, makamaka m'mawa, munthu amayamba kufooka, kumamugonjetsa kugonakusakhazikika. Mwakutero, muyeso wokhala ndi glucometer ukhoza kuwonetsa kuti phindu lovomerezeka limatsitsidwa - osakwana 3.3 mmol / l. Mtengo ukhoza kukhala wa 2.2, 2.4, 2,5, 2.6, ndi zina zotero. Koma munthu wathanzi, monga lamulo, ayenera kumakhala ndi chakudya cham'mawa chokhacho kuti shuga ya m'madzi a m'magazi itherere.

Koma ngati vuto la hypoglycemia likukula, pomwe glucometer ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha munthu atadya, izi zitha kukhala umboni kuti wodwalayo akupanga matenda a shuga.

High ndi otsika insulini

Chifukwa chiyani pali insulin yowonjezereka, izi zikutanthauza chiyani, mutha kumvetsetsa, kumvetsetsa zomwe insulin ili. Hormon iyi, imodzi yofunika kwambiri m'thupi, imapanga kapamba. Ndi insulin yomwe imathandizira kutsitsa shuga m'magazi, ndikuwona momwe kusintha kwa glucose kumalumikizira thupi kuchokera ku seramu yamagazi.

Mulingo wanthawi zonse wa insulin m'magulu azimayi ndi abambo umachokera 3 mpaka 20 μEdml. Mwa anthu achikulire, kuchuluka kwambiri kwamitundu 30-35 kumawonedwa ngati kwabwinobwino. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumachepa, munthuyo amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin, kuletsa kwa kaphatikizidwe ka shuga kuchokera m'mapuloteni ndi mafuta kumachitika. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amawonetsa zizindikiro za hypoglycemia.

Nthawi zina odwala amawonjezera insulin ndi shuga wabwinobwino, zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana za pathological. Izi zitha kuwonetsa chitukuko. Matenda a Cushing, acromegaly, komanso matenda ogwirizana ndi vuto la chiwindi.

Momwe mungachepetse insulin, muyenera kufunsa katswiri yemwe angakupatseni chithandizo pambuyo pa maphunziro angapo.

Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi ndikofunikira kwambiri pophunzira momwe thupi liliri. Ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino momwe mungaperekere magazi. Kusanthula kumeneku pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ndi njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yodziwira ngati mkhalidwe wa mayi wapakati komanso mwana ndi wabwinobwino.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa magazi omwe amafunika kukhala abwinobwino mwa ana akhanda, ana, akulu, amapezeka pamatafura apadera. Komabe, mafunso onse omwe amabwera pambuyo pofufuza, ndibwino kufunsa adotolo. Ndi iye yekha amene angadziwe zolondola ngati shuga ali ndi 9, zikutanthauza chiyani, 10 ndi matenda ashuga kapena ayi, ngati 8, chochita, ndi zina, zomwe zingachitike ngati shuga wawonjezereka, ndipo ngati uwu ndi umboni wa matenda, zindikirani katswiri pambuyo pofufuza kowonjezera. Mukamawunikira shuga, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti zinthu zina zimatha kutsogolera kulondola kwa muyeso. Choyamba, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti matenda ena kapena kufalikira kwamatenda osachiritsika kungakhudze kuyesedwa kwa magazi, zomwe zimachitika mopitirira kapena kuchepa. Chifukwa chake, ngati pakuwunika magazi nthawi imodzi kuchokera m'mitsempha, kalozera wa shuga anali, mwachitsanzo, 7 mmol / l, mwachitsanzo, kusanthula ndi "katundu" pazoleketsa shuga. Komanso kulolerana kwa glucose kumatha kuzindikirika ndi kusowa tulo, kupsinjika. Pa nthawi ya pakati, zotsatira zake zimaphatikizidwanso.

Kwa funso loti kusuta kumakhudza kusanthula, yankho lilinso lothandizanso: osachepera maola angapo kafukufukuyu asanaperekedwe, kusuta sikulimbikitsidwa.

Ndikofunikira kupereka magazi molondola - pamimba yopanda kanthu, chifukwa chake musadye m'mawa nthawi yomwe phunzirolo likonzekera.

Mutha kudziwa momwe kusanthula kumayitanidwira komanso momwe kumachitidwira kuchipatala. Magazi a shuga amayenera kuperekedwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zaka 40. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo ayenera kupereka magazi miyezi itatu iliyonse.

Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, odalira insulini, muyenera kuyang'ana shuga nthawi zonse musanalowe insulin. Kunyumba, glucometer yosunthika imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza.Ngati matenda amtundu wa II adapezeka, kuwunika kumachitika m'mawa, ola limodzi mutatha kudya komanso asanagone.

Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino la shuga kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a dokotala - kumwa mankhwala, kutsatira zakudya, kukhala ndi moyo wogwira ntchito. Pankhaniyi, chizindikiro cha glucose chitha kuyandikira chabwinobwino, mpaka 5.2, 5.3, 5.8, 5.9, etc.

Glucose m'magazi: momwe mungamvetsetsere zomwe zikuwonetsa

Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi a anthu, kutengera chizindikiro, ungafanane ndi izi:

Magazi a shuga:

Gawo lofunikira kwambiri la glucose ndi 2.8 mmol / L. Ndizowopsa ndi kuwonjezeka kwazizindikiro komanso kukula kwa chikomokere. Mulingo wambiri wa glucose komwe masinthidwe osasintha amasintha m'thupi ndi 7.8 mmol / L. Kudutsa kumeneku kumatha kuonedwa ngati kofunika.

Kupitilira chizindikirochi kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwamkati, mitsempha yamagazi, maso, minofu yamtima ndi minyewa yamanjenje. Acetone imawonekera mkodzo ndi magazi, zomwe zimawopseza thanzi ndi moyo.

Zomwe anthu amachita shuga wambiri ndizosiyana. Anthu ena salekerera ngakhale kusinthasintha kwakukulu, pomwe ena amafunikira chisamaliro chadzidzidzi akafika pamtunda wapamwamba pazomwe zimachitika. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa, makamaka matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kukhala kambiri kuposa momwe zimakhazikitsidwa. Ndikofunika kuthandizanso munthawi yake kuti mupewe zovuta kwambiri - hypoglycemic coma. Vutoli limatha kuchitika pakagwedezeka shuga wambiri wa 15-17 mmol / l.