Kodi matenda ashuga ali bwanji?

Matenda a shuga a Type I amapezeka kawirikawiri kwa achinyamata ochepera zaka 30. Kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka insulin kumayamba chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa kapamba wa chibadwa cha autoimmune komanso kuwonongeka kwa maselo opanga insulin.

Odwala ambiri, matenda ashuga amakula pambuyo kachilombo (ma mumps, rubella, ma hepatitis) kapena zotsatira zoyipa (nitrosamines, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zina zotere), kuyankha kwamthupi komwe kumayambitsa kufa kwa maselo apakhungu.

Matenda a shuga amayamba ngati maselo opanga insulin oposa 80% akhudzidwa. Pokhala matenda a autoimmune, mtundu wa matenda ashuga a shuga ndimakonda kuphatikizidwa ndi njira zina za chiyambi cha autoimmune: thyrotoxicosis, kuperekera poyizoni poyipa, etc.

Mu mtundu II matenda a shuga, kutsutsana kwa insulin kumayamba, i.e. kusazindikira insulin. Pankhaniyi, zomwe zili mu insulin m'magazi zimatha kukhala zabwinobwino kapena zokwezeka, komabe, maselo sakhala nazo.

Odwala ambiri (85%) ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga. Ngati wodwala ndi wonenepa kwambiri, minyewa yomwe imayamba kutulutsa insulin imatsekedwa ndi minofu ya adipose.

Matenda a shuga a Type II amathanso kuchitika kwa odwala okalamba omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa kulolera kwa glucose ndi msinkhu.

Chithunzi cha matenda a shuga: zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro

Chizindikiro choyambirira cha matendawa chimatha kukhala chowonjezera pakuchira kwa mabala ochepa kwambiri. Zithupsa ndi ziphuphu zakumaso a shuga mellitus (chithunzi 2) ndilimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoyambirira zavuto ndi kapamba.

Kuyanika matenda a shuga mellitus kumachitika mu 80% ya nthendayi. Matendawa amasonyezedwanso ndikuwonjezeranso khungu kwa khungu komanso mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono owazungulira (acanthosis).

Ndipo zotupa zotere zotupa zokhala ndi shuga mellitus (chithunzi mu gal), monga diabetesic pemphigus, zimasonyeza chilonda chamkati cha khungu ndipo zimafunikira kuchitapo kanthu.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga

Matenda A shuga A Type I akukula msanga, matenda a shuga a II - m'malo mwake pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira yotsika, ya asymptomatic ya matenda a shuga, ndipo kupezeka kwake kumachitika mwamwayi mukamayang'ana fundus kapena kutsimikiza kwa label m'magazi ndi mkodzo. Makamaka, Type I ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda abwinobwino amadziwonetsa mosiyanasiyana, koma zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizodziwika kwa iwo:

• ludzu ndi pakamwa pouma, limodzi ndi polydipsia (kuchuluka kwamadzi akumwa) mpaka malita 8-10 patsiku,
• polyuria (kukodza kambiri komanso pafupipafupi),
• polyphagy (kuchuluka kudya),
• khungu louma komanso zimagwira mucous, limodzi ndi kuyabwa (kuphatikizapo perineum), matenda amtundu wa pakhungu
• chisokonezo cha kugona, kufooka, kuchepa kwa magwiridwe,
• kukokana mu minofu ya ng'ombe
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa mtundu wa shuga ine ndimadziwika ndi ludzu lalikulu, kukhumudwa pafupipafupi, kufooka, kusanza, kutopa, kugona mosalekeza, kuchepa thupi (ndimatenda abwinobwino kapena owonjezera), komanso kusakwiya.

Chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga kwa ana ndicho mawonekedwe a bedwetting, makamaka ngati mwana sanakodzere m'mbuyomu. Mtundu wa I wa matenda a shuga, matenda a shuga (hyperglycemic (wokhala ndi shuga wambiri) komanso hypoglycemic (shuga yotsika magazi) nthawi zambiri amakhala, ofunika kuchitapo kanthu mwadzidzidzi.

Mu mtundu II matenda a shuga, kuyabwa, ludzu, kusokonezeka m'maso, kugona kwambiri ndi kutopa, matenda amkhungu, kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono mabala, kupsinjika ndi miyendo. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa II nthawi zambiri amakhala onenepa.

Njira ya matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa tsitsi kummalo am'munsi ndikukula kwakukulu pamaso, mawonekedwe a xanthomas (kakulidwe kakang'ono pachikasu pakhungu), balanoposthitis mwa amuna ndi vulvovaginitis mwa akazi.

Pamene matenda a shuga akupita, kusokonezeka kwa mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukana matenda. Phunziro lalitali la shuga limapangitsa kuti mafupa awonongeke, owonetsedwa ndi mafupa (kawirikawiri mafupa am'mafupa).

Ululu m'munsi kumbuyo, mafupa, mafupa, kudzipatula ndi mafupa a mafupa ndi mafupa, mafupa ndi mapindikidwe amafupa kumayambitsa kulumala.

Si odwala onse omwe angakhale ndi zofanana, nthawi zambiri satchulidwa kapena kwa nthawi yayitali sadziwonetsa konse. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa bowa ngati yisiti, (mwachitsanzo, thrush).

- Kukoka pafupipafupi, - Kuchepetsa thupi, - Kuthawa kwambiri, - Kutupa kapena kugona mkati - - Nthawi zonse kumakhala kutopa, - Khungu lowuma kwambiri, - Pang'onopang'ono mabala am'chiritsa, - Matenda pafupipafupi, - Kuchepetsa msana kapena kusanza. , - Ululu m'mimba, - kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga

Kukhalapo kwa shuga mellitus kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kusala kwa shuga m'magazi ochulukirapo kwa 6.5 mmol / L. Nthawi zambiri, mumkodzo mulibe shuga Imachedwetsedwa mthupi ndi fungo la aimpso.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi opitilira 8,8-9,9 mmol / L (160-180 mg%), chotchinga cha impso chimalephera ndikudutsa glucose mkodzo. Kukhalapo kwa shuga mumkodzo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zingwe zapadera zoyeserera.

Glucose wocheperapo pomwe amayamba kupezeka mumkodzo amatchedwa "cholumikizira impso."

Kuyang'ana matenda a shuga omwe akukayikira kumaphatikizapo kudziwa mulingo wa:

• kusala shuga m'magazi a capillary (kuchokera pachala),
• glucose ndi matupi a ketone mumkodzo - kupezeka kwawo kumawonetsa matenda a shuga,
• glycated hemoglobin - kuchuluka kwambiri kwa matenda a shuga,
• C-peptide ndi insulin m'magazi - ndi mtundu I shuga mellitus, onsewo amachepetsa kwambiri, ndi mtundu II matenda ashuga - osasinthika,
• kuchititsa kuyesa kwa kupsinjika (kuyesa kwa glucose): kutsimikiza kusala kudya kwa glucose ndi 1 ndi maola 2 mutatha kulowetsedwa kwa 75 g shuga wosungunuka mu makapu 1.5 amadzi owiritsa. Zotsatira zoyesa (zosatsimikizira matenda a shuga) zimaganiziridwa ndi zitsanzo: pamimba yopanda kanthu
  

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga

Madzi a insulin, omwe amapangidwa mu kapamba, ndiye amachititsa kuti shuga agwidwe. Maziko omwe amapezeka ndi shuga ndikuphwanya njira za metabolic, makamaka kagayidwe kazakudya, kamene kamakwiya pazifukwa ziwiri:

• osakwanira insulini kupanga ndi kapamba - glucose samakonzedwa kwathunthu ndipo amadziunjikira m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu yamoyo ya ziwalo zofunika,
• kulephera kwa minofu ya thupi, makamaka chiwindi, kukonza ndi kupukusa glucose chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi insulin kapena kupanga ma antibodies omwe amawononga ma cell a pancreatic beta omwe amachititsa insulin.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga kuperewera kwa insulin ndi kapamba

Kuti ayambe kukhumudwitsa kapamba kapenanso kusintha chiwopsezo cha minofu ya thupi ku insulin amatha:

• chibadwa
• anasamutsa matenda a ma virus - ma mmps, rubella, cytomegalovirus, matenda a enterovirus,
• kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta chifukwa cha kutupa kapena kufinya kwa kapamba, chiwindi.

Matenda a 2 a mtundu wa shuga amayamba pomwe kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira kapena ziwalo za mkati sizizindikira.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda A shuga

Izi zimachitika pazifukwa zingapo:

• kunenepa - enzyme yomwe imalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka insulin imadziunjikira minofu ya adipose,
• hypothyroidism - kuchepa kwa kagayidwe kake chifukwa chosakwanira kupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro,
• magazi akulu mtima
• matenda oopsa, mtima, kugunda,
• kumangokhala
• kupsinjika kosalekeza
• Matenda a impso, chiwindi, kapamba wodwala,
• zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala - thiazide diuretics, mankhwala a mahomoni a steroid.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga

Mtundu 1 ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 matenda osiyanasiyana 2 mu etiology yawo.

Gome "Mitundu ya matenda ashuga"

Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wamtundu wa matenda ashuga - gestational, umasiyanitsidwa. Zimachitika pakati pa nthawi yapakati, pamene, machitidwe a mahomoni opangidwa, kudziwa kwawo kutsekedwa kapena kapamba sangathe kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin. Izi zimachitika ndi mimba mochedwa (patatha zaka 40), kunenepa kwambiri, kudziwikiratu matendawa. Pambuyo pobadwa, ntchito ya maselo a beta imasinthidwa.

Kusintha

Malinga ndi kukula kwa zizindikiro ndi kukula kwa zovuta, matenda a shuga amakhala ndi madigiri atatu - ofatsa, odziletsa komanso okhwima.

Matenda a shuga

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala uti?

Ngati mukukayikira matenda ashuga, munthu amatembenukira kwa endocrinologist. Katswiri amasamalira matenda ashuga ndikuwunika momwe wodwalayo alili.

Ngati mukukayikira shuga, pitani kwa endocrinologist.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa ziwopsezo zamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala magazi, magazi amawonjezeranso:

Kutengera ndi kutha kwa madotolo ocheperako, ma endocrinologist amasankha njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira matenda ashuga, kuiwonjezera ndi mankhwala kuti akhale ndi ziwalo zofunika.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Njira yayikulu yodziwira matenda a shuga ndikuwunika magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala. Kukula kwa shuga mwa munthu wathanzi sikupitirira 6.1 mmol / l wa capillary ndi 7.0 mmol / l wa magazi a venous. Makhalidwe opitilira muyeso ndi umboni wa matenda ashuga.

Makhalidwe azikhalidwe ndi zopatuka za shuga m'magazi

Kafukufuku wofotokozera amalembedwa kuti afotokozere za matendawa.

1. Mayeso a kulolera a glucose - atapereka magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, munthu amatenga shuga wa m'magazi (75 mg), ndikuwothira m'madzi, ndikudutsa mayeso pambuyo maola awiri. Mwazi wamagazi woposa 11.2 mmol / L amawonetsa kukula kwa matendawa.
2. Kudziwitsa glycosylated hemoglobin level - akuwonetsa mankhwala a matenda.
3. Kuzindikira shuga mkodzo. Munthu wathanzi alibe glucose mkodzo. Kukhalapo kwa chizindikirocho ndi chizindikiro cha kukula kwachangu kwa matenda ashuga.
4. Kuyesa kwamkodzo pamaso pa matupi a ketone (acetone). Nthawi zambiri, chizindikirochi chimasowa. Kupezeka kwake ndi kupindika kumawonetsa kuwopsa kwa matendawa.

Zizindikiro ndi matenda a shuga mellitus (general).

Ngati mukuzindikira nokha zoterezi, ndiye chifukwa chake muyenera kupita kwa dotolo kuti mukamufufuze. Kapena, osachepera, perekani magazi a shuga.

Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za shuga:

• kuyamwa pafupipafupi kwa magawo osiyanasiyana, ndipo ndizosatheka kuyichotsa ndi mafuta apadera. Nthawi zambiri, perineum, mapazi, manja, m'mimba, kuyabwa,
• kufuna kugona nthawi zonse, kusowa mphamvu, ngakhale kugona mokwanira usiku,
• Tsitsi likucheperachepera, likukula bwino, likugwa, amalowa michere chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa metabolism,
• Mabala akhungu amachiritsa bwino, ngakhale ang'ono samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali,
• wodandaula nthawi zonse, ludzu lalikulu,
• kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumawonjezeka, nthawi zambiri munthu amadzuka usiku mchimbudzi. Madzulo, "imatha" nthawi iliyonse,
• matenda oyamba ndi fungus
• kamwa yowuma
• chitetezo chochepa chimachepa, munthu nthawi zambiri amadwala "chimfine" cha ma virus, chomwe chimatha kukhala ndi zovuta.

Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1.

Matenda a shuga amtundu 1 ali ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimasiyana ndi matenda amitundu iwiri.

Choyambirira, uku ndi kuwonda kwakuthwa. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri, amadya kwambiri, koma amachepetsa thupi. Amanunkhiza acetone kuchokera mkamwa, fungo lomweli limawonekera mkodzo. Izi ndichifukwa choti matupi ambiri a ketone amapangidwa m'thupi - zinthu zowola za minofu ya adipose.

Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu zomwe zikuyenera kukhala ndi nkhawa ndi njala yolimba yosalekeza, kupita kuchimbudzi, ludzu losatha chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa minofu, komanso pakamwa pouma. Mseru, kusanza, kufooka kosalekeza, chizungulire ndizofala. Khalidwe silingasinthe kukhala labwino, kusawonekera.

Kutupa, kulemera, kupindika kumatha kuwoneka m'miyendo. Kutentha kwa thupi kumatsikira. Masomphenya akuwonongeka, ngati kuti chophimba pamaso. Kuyabwa kumawonekeranso, makamaka mu perineum, ndi furunculosis.

Ana akhoza kuyamba kugona, ndipo ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba.

Munthu akhoza kudwala chifukwa akapanda kukaonana ndi dokotala pa nthawi yake.

Zizindikiro izi zimakula kwambiri ndipo sizingatheke kuti zidziwike.

Zizindikiro za zovuta za matenda a shuga mellitus (siteji yapamwamba).

Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga, ntchito ya ziwalo zambiri zamkati imasokonekera. Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za matenda a shuga ndi khungu, chifukwa khungu limawonongeka ndi shuga wambiri. Vutoli lalikulu kwambiri ndi gangrene, lomwe limachitika ndi kuwonongeka kwamitsempha miyendo. Pankhaniyi, kudula mwendo ndikofunikira.

Kusokonezeka kwa mtima ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha zovuta za shuga. Munthu amakula atherosulinosis, ndiko kuti, zolembera zimawonekera m'matumbo, chifukwa pomwe mawonekedwe a chimbudzi amachepa, kuthamanga kwa magazi (matenda oopsa), katundu pamtima umawonjezeka, ndipo angina pectoris amawonekera. Zida zaubongo zimavutikanso, kotero kukumbukira kumatha kusokonezeka.

Kuchokera kumbali ya impso, pyelonephritis, nephropathy imatha kukhazikika.

Phazi la matenda ashuga limakhalanso lodziwika, momwe magazi amayenda m'miyendo ndikasokonekera, zilonda zimawoneka pamiyendo, ndipo chidwi cha miyendo chimachepa.

Ndi matenda a shuga, zilonda zam'mimba zimatulutsa, magazi amatuluka, mano amatha kutuluka.

Khungu limakhala louma, masamba, misomali.

Mwa amuna, chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga ndi kusabala. Mwa akazi, kusamba kumatha kusokonezeka.

Ngati mukuwona zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, ndiye funsani kwa dokotala, osakayika Chipatalachi chidzafunika kupereka magazi ndi mkodzo wokhutira shuga. Magazi amaperekedwa onse pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya shuga. Musakhale opanda chidwi ndi thanzi lanu!

Lembani 1 ndikulemba mankhwala 2

Matenda a Type 1 amathanso kuthandizidwa ndi insulin. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa njira ya matenda ashuga, munthu amamwa mankhwala, omwe amatanthauza kuti jakisoni wa mahomoni opanga kangapo patsiku. Ndi vuto la insulin losayembekezereka m'thupi, odwala matenda ashuga amakula, zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, chithandizo chimatenga kumwa insulini nthawi zonse.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 safuna jakisoni wa insulin.

Mankhwala awo, magulu a mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amathandizira kupanga insulin komanso kuyamwa kwa shuga.

1. Thimang - mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lizikhala ndi insulin - Diaglitazone, Actos, Pioglar.
2. Biagunids - muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga kuchokera ku maselo a chiwindi ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha zotumphukira zimakhala ku insulin - Fomu, Bagomet, Metformin 850, Glformin.
3. Zothandizira insulin - kukondoweza kwa maselo a beta kuti kupangika kwa mahomoni kusinthike kwa minyewa yake - Maninil, Glurenorm, Amaril.
4. Meglitinides - chepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mutatha kudya, yambitsa maselo a beta kuti apange insulin - Starlix, Novonorm.

Glurenorm imathandiza thupi kupangitsa kuchuluka kwa insulini

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Zakudya zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothandizira matenda ashuga. Ndi mtundu 1, uku ndi kulimbikitsa, ndipo mu mitundu iwiri ya chithandizo ndi gawo limodzi lothandiza kuti anthu ashuga.

Zambiri pazakudya:

• kudya zakudya zazambiri (mpaka 6 pa tsiku),
• yang'anani kuchuluka kwa chakudya - iyenera kukhala ndendende monga momwe thupi limafunira,
• osagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, mapuloteni ndi mafuta - samalira kwambiri michere,
• phatikizani nkhaka, phwetekere, nandolo zobiriwira, ma amadyera, sipinachi, kabichi (mwatsopano ndi wokazidwa) muzakudya - zinthu zimapangitsa kuti muzimva kukoma, zomwe zimathetsa kudya kwambiri,
• idyani tchizi chambiri, soya, oatmeal - izi zingathandize kukonza chiwindi chofooka,
• muchepetse kudya nsomba zolemera ndi msuzi wa nyama, nyama yokazinga ndi mafuta, mchere.

Zakudya za munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ziyenera kukhala zokwanira, zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri.

Gome “Zomwe sizingadye ndi shuga”

Zotheka ndi zovuta

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhudza ziwalo zonse, pang'onopang'ono kuwononga maselo athanzi. Mavuto ambiri omwe amapezeka komanso zotsatirapo zake ndi izi:

• kulephera kwamtima ndi aimpso, chifukwa chake,
• wodwala matenda ashuga
• mtima pathologies omwe amapangitsa kuti azidumphira m'magazi (kumawonjezera kapena kutsika kwambiri),
• kupweteka m'malo otsika poyenda komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• mawonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba pamiyendo,
• kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zombo zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, zomwe zimatsogolera ku gangrene ya m'munsi.

Nthawi zambiri, zilonda zam'mimba zimawoneka pamiyendo ndi matenda a shuga.

Kodi magazi amamuyendera bwanji?

Ngati zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimawonekera mwa mwana kapena munthu wazaka zosakwana 25, yemwe alibe kulemera kwambiri, ndiye kuti shuga yayambiri ndi ya 1 degree. Kuti muchiritse, jakisoni wa insulin amafunikira.

Ngati munthu wofika zaka 40 kapena kupitilira apo akuwoneka kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti ndiwoperewera kwambiri.

Komabe, awa ndi ziwerengero. Kuzindikira koyenera komanso gawo la matenda a shuga kungachitike kokha ndi endocrinologist.

Matenda a shuga a Gulu 1 - zizindikiro

Kwenikweni, zizindikiro za matendawa zimayamba munthawi yochepa, m'masiku angapo. Nthawi zambiri munthu amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga (amasiya kuzindikira), amadziwika msanga kuchipatala komwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Zambiri za matenda a shuga a 1 degree:

• kufuna kwambiri kumwa: wodwalayo amamwa malita 3-5 patsiku,
• kununkhira kwa acetone pakupumira,
• kudya kwambiri, munthu amadya chakudya chochuluka, koma amachepetsa thupi.
• kukodza, makamaka usiku,
• kuchiritsa kwamabala
• Khungu limatulutsa, mafangayi kapena zithupsa zimatuluka.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga 1 amayamba mwa abambo patatha milungu iwiri kapena mwezi atadwala matenda (chikuku, rubella, chimfine) kapena atakumana ndi zovuta.

Matenda a shuga a Gulu 2 - Zizindikiro

Matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, gulu akhoza kupanga pang'onopang'ono, zaka zingapo, monga lamulo, mwa anthu achikulire. Mwa abambo ndi amayi, kutopa kumachitika, kuchiritsidwa kwakanthawi kwamabala, kuiwala kwamaso ndi kuiwalika. Komabe, samakayikira kuti awa ndi woyamba zizindikiro za matendawa. Nthawi zambiri, kuwunika kwa matenda ashuga a 2 kumachitika mwangozi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a 2:

1. Zizindikiro zokhala ndi matenda ashuga amtunduwu: kutopa, kuwona kuchepa, kusintha kukumbukira,
2. mavuto a pakhungu: mkwiyo, mafangayi, kuchiritsa kwamabala osavulala,
3. kuchuluka kwa kumwa - malita atatu a madzi aledzera patsiku,
4. kukodzanso usiku,
5. Zilonda zam'mapewa ndi mawondo, miyendo imayamba kuzimiririka, kumva kuwawa, kupweteka poyenda,
6. azimayi amakhala ndi candidiasis (thrush), yomwe ndiyovuta kuchiritsa,
7. kumapeto kwa matendawa - kuwonda,
8. 50% ya odwala, matendawa amatha kukhala osafunikira,
9. amuna ali ndi mavuto a potency.

30% ya amuna - mawonekedwe amachepera, matenda a impso, stroke yadzidzidzi, kugunda kwamtima. Ulendo wofulumira kwa dokotala umafunika pambuyo poti zizindikiritso za matenda ashuga zizindikirika.

Ngati kunenepa kwambiri, kufulumira kufulumira kumachitika, kuchiritsa koyipa kwa mabala kumawonedwa, kuwona ndi kukumbukira kumakulirakulira, ndiye kuti simuyenera kukhala aulesi ndipo muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Ndi shuga wambiri, mankhwala ayenera kuyamba. Ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zidzayambitsa kufa msanga kudikirira wodwalayo, pomwe zovuta za matenda ashuga - zilonda, zilonda zam'mimba, kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko, khungu, ndi ntchito ya impso zimayima.

Kuwongolera matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, magulu ndiosavuta kuposa momwe akuwonekera poyamba.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a mwana

Wocheperako msinkhu wa mwana yemwe amakayikira matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti kusiyana kwakukula kwa matenda ashuga kumawonjezera matenda akewo. Dziwani bwino za matenda a shuga a ana.

Izi ziyenera kudziwika onse kwa madokotala ndi makolo a mwana wodwala. Pochita izi, madokotala a ana amakhala osowa kwambiri ndi matenda ashuga. Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga aubwana ndi madokotala nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha matenda ena.

Kusiyana pakati pa matenda a shuga 1 ndi 2

Matenda a shuga a Type 1, omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, amapezeka mwadzidzidzi. Matendawa ndi amtundu 2, gulu - akumva kuwawa ndi nthawi. Mpaka posachedwapa, ana anali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga okha, mitundu, komabe, masiku ano sizili choncho. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, digiri osati wonenepa kwambiri.

Kuti musiyanitse pakati pa matenda a shuga a mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2, digiriyo iyenera kukhala mayeso amkodzo a shuga, magazi a glucose ndi C-peptide.

Wanjala komanso kukodza kwambiri (polyuria)

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, pazifukwa zina, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka, kenako thupi la munthu limafuna kuchotsa mkodzo. Komabe, ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose mkodzo, impso sizitha, chifukwa chake, pakufunika mkodzo wambiri.

Kuti mupange mkodzo wambiri, thupi limafunikira madzi ambiri. Chifukwa chake, pali chizindikiro chowonjezeka cha odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kukodza. Wodwalayo amadzuka usiku nthawi zambiri, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chomveka cha gawo loyambirira la matenda ashuga.

Kununkhira kwa acetone pa mpweya wotuluka

Mwa amuna odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, komabe, maselo sangathe kuyamwa, chifukwa insulin ndiyosakwanira, kapena ntchito zake sizothandiza. Pachifukwa ichi, maselo (kupatula maselo aubongo) amakakamizidwa kuti asinthane ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungira.

Titha kuwonjezera kuti zizindikilo za matenda ashuga ndizomwe zimasokoneza mafuta pali: acetone, acetoacetic acid, b-hydroxybutyric acid (matupi a ketone). Pamlingo wapamwamba wa matupi a ketone, amamasulidwa pakupumira, chifukwa chake, kununkhira kwa acetone kumakhalapo mlengalenga.

Coma kapena ketoacidosis (matenda a shuga 1)

Pali fungo la acetone mwa amuna mukamapuma - izi zikuwonetsa kuti thupi limadya mafuta, ndipo pali zinthu zina za ketone m'magazi. Ngati insulin singalowetsedwe munthawi yake, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa ma ketone kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Mu izi, thupi silingathe kupirira kwawo, acidity yamagazi amasintha.

Magazi pH ndi 7.35-7.45. Akakhala wocheperako pang'ono kapena kupitirira malirewo, munthu amayamba kupha mphamvu, kugona, kuda nkhawa, kuvutika mseru, nthawi zina kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba. Izi ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis.

Pamene, chifukwa cha ketoacidosis, wodwalayo amagwa chikomokere, kenako kulumala kumatha kuchitika, ngakhale kupha kumene (7-15%). Ngati matenda a gulu 1 sanakhazikitsidwe, kupezeka kwa acetone pamlomo wamkati sikuyenera kusamala.

Pochiza matenda agawo lachiwiri la amuna omwe ali ndi zakudya zochepa mu chakudya, wodwala amatha kupeza ketosis - kuwonjezeka kwa magazi a ziwalo za ketone. Izi zakuthupi zimawonedwa ngati zabwinobwino.

Ilibe poizoni. Mlingo wa pH wamagazi sugwera pansi pa 7.3, chifukwa chake, ngakhale fungo la acetone panthawi yopuma, kumva kwake ndikwabwinobwino. Poterepa, munthu amachotsera kunenepa kwambiri.

Kuchuluka chakudya kwa odwala

Mwa amuna odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuchepa kwa insulin, kapena alibe mphamvu. Ndipo ngakhale pali glucose ochulukirapo m'magazi, maselo sangathe kuigwiritsa ntchito chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin ndipo amakakamizidwa "kufa ndi njala". Chizindikiro cha njala chilowa muubongo, ndipo munthu amafuna kudya.

Wodwala amadya bwino, koma thupi sangathe kuyamwa zakudya zomwe zimabwera ndi chakudya. Kulakalaka kwamphamvu kumawonedwa mpaka insulin itayamba kugwira ntchito, kapena mpaka maselo atayamba kuyamwa mafuta. Zitachitika izi, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amayamba ketoacidosis.

Khungu ndilo kusakasa, kupukusika kumachitika, mawonetseredwe aku fungal amawonedwa

Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachulukidwa kuzinthu zonse zamthupi. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachitika chifukwa cha thukuta. Ma tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakhala ngati lonyowa, nyengo yotentha yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, komwe ndiko michere yawo. Tiyenera kuyesetsa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti zovuta za kutupa ndi khungu zimatha.

Kuvulala kovulaza odwala odwala matenda ashuga

Kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a amuna kumatha kuwononga khoma la mitsempha yamagazi, komanso maselo otsukidwa ndi magazi. Kuti mabala achiritse bwino, njira zambiri zovuta kuzichitira zimachitika mthupi, kuphatikiza magawo a khungu labwino, monga chithunzichi.

Chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa glucose kumawonjezera minyewa ya amuna, njira zochiritsira zimachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, pansi pa izi, kufalikira kwa matenda kumawonedwa. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera kuti amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakula kale.

Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda amishuga mwa amuna kapena atsikana amtundu uliwonse, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi posachedwa, komanso kukaonana ndi endocrinologist.

Palibenso njira yochizira matenda ashuga kwathunthu, komabe, ndizotheka kuugwira mtima ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino. Mwina sizingakhale zovuta ngati momwe zimamvekera.

Kupewa matenda a shuga

Ndizotheka kupewa kukula kwambiri ngati simunyalanyaza zoyamba za matendawa.

Njira zopewera ndi kupewa zimathandizira:

• kutsatira mosamalitsa mankhwala - Mlingo wololedwa pakapita nthawi yofanana,
• kudya mokwanira komanso kudya,
• moyo wakhama, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuyenda mlengalenga,
• kutsatira Mlingo ndi zoyenera kutsata insulin.

Kukhala wakhama komanso kutsatira malamulo a zakudya zabwino ndiko kupewa kwabwino kwa matenda ashuga

Kukhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchepa kwa insulin, kulephera kupanga ndi kuyamwa shuga kumabweretsa kukula kwa shuga. Matendawa ali ndi mitundu iwiri yayikulu - mtundu 1 ndi 2, womwe umasiyana ndi momwe zimachitikira komanso zizindikiro, komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri. Zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za matenda am'mimba ndiz ludzu lakuya, kumwa kwambiri ndikuwonjezera kukodza, kuchepa thupi kwambiri ndikukhala ndi chilakolako chabwino. Chithandizo chimatengera kunyalanyaza ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga - mtundu 1 umathandizidwa ndi insulin yokha, 2 - ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kupanga mahomoni ofunikira. Zakudya zapadera, kutsatira malangizo a dokotala, moyo wathanzi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuthandizira matenda a endocrine.

Voterani nkhaniyi
(1 mitengo, pafupifupi 5,00 pa 5)

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za chithunzi cha matenda ashuga

Zizindikiro za shuga pakhungu (chithunzi 2) ali motere:

• kuuma, kusapeza bwino,
• mabala ang'ono ndi mabala samachira,
• Khungu lomwe limakhala ndi matenda a shuga (onani chithunzi mu gal) ndi lovuta kuthandizira, zilonda zam'mimba, zithupsa zimatha kupezeka, makamaka pa ana ndi ana amphongo,
• lilime la matenda ashuga luma, monganso khungu lamkamwa.

Mavuto ofanana ndi khungu amatha chifukwa cha matenda ena, komabe, ndibwino kuti muzisewera motetezeka, pitani kwa endocrinologist ndi dermatologist kuti mumvetsetse vuto lomwe mukukumana nalo. Mwinanso izi ndizowonetsera pakhungu m'matenda a shuga.

Matenda a shuga mu chithunzi cha akazi

Tonsefe tamva kangapo konse kuti matenda omwe apezeka koyambirira ndikosavuta kuchiritsa kapena kupewa zovuta zake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunika kwambiri kusamala ndi zovuta zosokoneza.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa akazi (chithunzi 3) kukhala ndi mawonekedwe. Mkazi akhoza kuyamba kuchepa thupi kwambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya. Fungo lonunkhira lofanana ndi acetone limatuluka mkamwa. Pali zovuta pakhungu. Zonsezi zikuyenera kukhala nthawi yoyendera chipatala.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 40 - mkhalidwe wovuta kwambiri wamisomali ndi tsitsi, kulakwitsa kwa msambo, kutopa, kufooka, chizungulire popanda chifukwa. Zizindikiro za matendawa azimayi azaka 50 - kuwonongeka kowoneka, pomwe chilichonse chikuwoneka ngati chifunga.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa akazi

Nthawi zambiri, mutha kuwona zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa akazi pakhungu (onani chithunzi 4). Amakhala wouma, amawoneka wachikulire kuposa anzawo. Nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto la kumaliseche, kuuma, kuyaka. Amayi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa kuti matenda obwerekera kumaliseche. Mavutowa ndiwonetsanso matenda ashuga. Ndipo pano sikokwanira kungoyendera katswiri wazodzikongoletsa kapena katswiri wazamankhwala, makamaka, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist.

Matenda a shuga mu chithunzi cha amuna

Zizindikiro za matenda am'mimba otchedwa shuga mellitus mwa amuna (chithunzi 5) ali ofanana ndikuwonetsedwa mwa amayi ndi ana, pomwe miyendo imavutika koyambirira. Mwamuna amayamba kumwa madzi ambiri, nthawi zambiri amapita kuchimbudzi, amatha kukhala ndi mavuto azikhalidwe zakugonana. Ngati m'mimba mwanu muli ndi matenda ashuga, izi zimatha kukhala harbinger wa lipodystrophy, womwe ndi woopsa kwambiri ndipo muyenera kuyesetsa kuti muchepetse kuyambika kwake. Ndipo, zoona, siginecha idzapereka khungu.

Zizindikiro za shuga mwa amuna

Nthawi zambiri, amuna kuntchito, kapena, mwachitsanzo, akakonza makina, amatha kuvulala pang'ono kapena kukandika. Chikwangwani chizichiritsa kwanthawi yayitali. Izi ndi zizindikiro za matenda abwinobwino mwa amuna (onani chithunzi 6). Kuphatikiza apo, mwa amuna, kutupa kwa khungu la mbolo kumatha kuchitika, chifukwa kukodza kumachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa masiku onse. Chizindikiro china chodziwika ndi momwe miyendo imawonekera ndi matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga ana

Tsoka ilo, zizindikiro za matendawa zikuwonekeranso mu ana. Komanso, asanakhale wamkulu Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga kwa ana (onani chithunzi 7) mwina sikuwoneka. Makolo ndiofunika kwambiri ndipo sayenera kuphonya zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga.

Ngati uyu ndi mwana wocheperako kwambiri mpaka chaka, ndiye chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'anira zoyera pa thewera, ngati mwanayo wadzifotokoza. Mkodzo wa mwana umayamba kumveka bwino poyerekeza ndi wokhazikika, pafupifupi. Mwanayo amamulemba pafupipafupi komanso ochulukirapo, amakhala wopanda nkhawa, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala woopsa komanso wogona. Nthawi zambiri mwana amakhala chete amayi atamupatsa madzi akumwa. Zosokoneza mwachangu ndi matenda ashuga (chithunzi pansipa) ndizovuta kuchiza. Mafuta wamba ndi ufa sizithandiza kuwachiritsa.

Khungu la matenda ashuga

Zotsatira zodziwika bwino za vuto la endocrine mu matenda a khungu ndi matenda osokoneza bongo (chithunzi 8), chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa metabolic m'thupi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuzindikira zilonda zapakhungu pakanthawi, kwa ana ndi akulu. Chizindikiro ndi mawanga pamiyendo yokhala ndi matenda a shuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa bwino kwa minofu makamaka ziwiya zamiyendo. Pali nthawi zina pamene mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga amachititsa eczema kapena urticaria mwa wodwala. Izi zovuta kuthana ndi mavuto a khungu zitha kuonedwa ngati zovuta kuchokera ku chithandizo.

Mavuto a shuga

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga (chithunzi 8) ndizowopsa, zimawopseza osati thanzi labwino la wodwalayo, komanso moyo womwe. Ndikofunika kuti muyambe kuchiza matenda osokoneza bongo kumayambiriro koyambirira. Nazi zovuta zochepa:

• zombo zodwala
• mavuto a pakhungu
• Zilonda zam'miyendo ndi kumapazi,
• kutayika kwamaso
• ndondomeko yolakwika ya metabolic
• mavuto mu ntchito ya wamanjenje ndi impso,
• kulephera kwa ntchito ya matupi ena,
• kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko.

Mavuto a shuga (chithunzi pansipa) ndi chachikulu kwambiri motero nkoyenera kusintha zina mwazomwe mumachita. Njira yamoyo iyenera kukhala ya mafoni, zakudya - kulondola. Pewani kusokonezeka kwamanjenje ndikulimba mtima.