Cholesterol chachikulu mwa amuna

Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki chakale, mawu akuti "cholesterol" amatanthauza "bile yolimba." Cholesterol ndi gulu la organic polycyclic lomwe lili m'gulu la ma alcohols amafuta. Sizimasungunuka m'madzi, ngati mafuta onse. Pafupifupi 80% ya cholesterol yamagazi (pafupifupi 500 mg) imapangidwa ndi gonads, chiwindi (kwambiri), mpaka pang'ono - ndi impso, matumbo ndi ma adrenal gland. 20% imachokera ku chakudya. Komanso m'mabukuwo dzina loti "cholesterol" limapezeka. Kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse pakati pawo? Ndi mphamvu zake, cholesterol ndi galasi lamadzi lambiri. Mwanjira ya mankhwala, zimakhala zolondola kwambiri kuzitcha kuti cholesterol. Dzinali limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabuku azachipatala akunja.

M'magazi a anthu, cholesterol simazungulira mawonekedwe ake oyera, koma molumikizana ndi mapuloteni othandizira. Kuphatikiza koteroko kumatchedwa lipoproteins. Mapuloteni othandizira awa amagawika m'magulu angapo malinga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito ndipo amatumiza mafuta m'thupi ndi ziwalo:

1. Ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri (omwe amafupikitsidwa ngati HDL kapena HDL) amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri, kotchedwa cholesterol yabwino.
2. Kunenepa kwambiri (kwam'mimba ngati LDL kapena LDL) - wokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, ndi gawo limodzi la madzi a m'magazi ndipo ali m'gulu lotchedwa cholesterol yoyipa.
3. Kuchepetsa kwambiri maselo, i.e. kachulukidwe kotsika kwambiri (chidule VLDL).
4. Chylomicron ndi gulu la mapuloteni omwe amapangidwa ndi matumbo chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito lipids zakunja (gulu lamafuta achilengedwe). Awa ndi mafuta achilengedwe, omwe amasiyana ma microscopic kukula - ochepera 1 micron.

Mtengo wa cholesterol thupi

Cholesterol imapezeka mu khungu lililonse la thupi ndipo imatenga mbali mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Zimafunikira kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala opatsirana pogonana omwe amapezeka m'magazi a adrenal (estrogen, cortisol, progesterone, aldosterone, testosterone, ndi zina), komanso bile acid.

Popanda cholesterol, dongosolo lamanjenje komanso chitetezo chokwanira ndizosatheka. Chifukwa cha ichi, vitamini D amapangidwa m'thupi, zomwe zimakhudza kusinthana kwa Ca ndi phosphorous. Komanso, cholesterol imafunika pakubadwa kwabwino komanso kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati. Imasiyanitsa komanso kuteteza ulusi wamitsempha, imatsimikiza kukhulupirika kwa ma membrane a maselo ndikudzivomera kwawo kosankha. Thupi limafunikira cholesterol, koma osati owonjezera.

Cholesterol kagayidwe m'thupi

Pambuyo mayamwidwe khoma lamatumbo, cholesterol imalowa m'magazi. LDL ndi VLDL sizabwino kwa thupi. Amakhala pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, ndikupanga zolembera za atherosulinotic. Ayenera kukhala m'mwazi wambiri. Kuchuluka kwawo ndi chizindikiro cha matenda. Cholesterol imasunthidwa ku minofu, ndipo ngati ilipo yochuluka kwambiri, imayamba kukhazikika m'matumba. Vuto la izi ndikuchepetsa kuyeza kwa chotengera ndikuzungulira magazi. Zotsatira zake ndi kugunda kwa mtima, kukwapula.

Mukamalankhula za chithandizo cha hypercholesterolemia, amatanthauza LDL. Mulingo wawo suyenera kukhala wapamwamba kuposa 5 mmol / l. Pakatha zaka 35, njira za metabolic zimacheperachepera, ndiye kuti pa mzerewu wazaka muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yanu.

Ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta "abwino". Sayenera kukhala ochepera 1,7 mmol / l. Amachita masewera oteteza - amateteza khoma lam'mimba kuti lisawonongeke ndikuwongolera cholesterol "yoyipa".

Cholinga chachikulu cha HDL ndikuthamangitsa cholesterol yoyipa. Izi ndichifukwa choti amasamutsa cholesterol kuchokera ku ziwalo kupita kuchiwindi, komwe amawonongeka. Chifukwa chake, cholesterol imakhala ndi kagayidwe kovuta mthupi la munthu.

Mulingo wochepetsedwa wa HDL ukuwonetsa kuthekera kwa atherosulinosis. Palibe wowopsa ndi mafuta ochepa mafuta. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oterewa amatha kukhala okhumudwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi stroko komanso matenda a khansa. Chifukwa chake, thanzi limafuna kusamala pakati pamagulu ochepa a cholesterol.

Chofunikanso mu biochemistry yamagazi ndi mulingo wa triglycerides (TG). Kuchuluka kwawo sikuyenera kupitirira 2.0 mmol / l magazi mwa munthu wamkulu.

Ndi zaka, izi zimachuluka. Chizindikiro choposa 2.29 mmol / lita chimawonetsa kufunikira kwa matenda a mtima, kapamba, matenda ashuga, ndi matenda oopsa. Kutsika kwa triglycerides kumawonetsa mavuto m'mapapu ndi chiwindi, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Ali ndi zaka 30 mpaka 40, cholesterol yamagazi imachuluka, pakatha zaka 50, lipids zimagwirizana.

Mafuta a cholesterol m'mwazi

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumatha kusinthika kwathunthu pamlingo wa 3.6-7.8 mmol / l, koma nthawi zambiri 3.5-5. Ngati wodwalayo ali mwana, ndiye kuti msambo wopitilira muyeso siupitilira 6.4 mmol / l.

Cholesterol okwera mwa amuna zimatengera zaka, zambiri zakuthupi. Koma madokotala amakhulupirira kuti cholesterol iliyonse yoposa 6 mmol / L ndi chiopsezo m'thupi ndipo imakwezedwa.

Kugawika kwa cholesterol yamagazi:

1. Mulingo woyenera - cholesterol yoposa 5 mmol / l.
2. Pokwezeka pang'ono kapena pang'ono - kuyambira 5 mpaka 6 mmol / L.
3. Kwambiri kwambiri - pamwamba 6.5 mmol / l.

Muyezo wa cholesterol yokwanira ya amuna pofika zaka

Age alinso ofunikira:

• mpaka zaka 20, muyezo ndi 2.91-5.10 mmol / l,
• Zaka 20-25 - 3.16-5.59,
• Zaka 25-30 - 3.44-6.32 mmol / l,
• Zaka 35 mpaka 40 - 3.63-6.99 mmol / l,
• mpaka wazaka 45 - 3.91-6.94,
• mpaka 55 - 4.09-7.15 mmol / l.

Kupitilira apo zimasintha pang'ono. Ndipo woposa zaka 70, ndi kale 3,73-7.86.

Manambalawa akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa OH kumawonjezeka ndi zaka. Mwanjira ina, zomwe zimapangitsa amuna (cholesterol imakwezeka m'magazi a okalamba nthawi zambiri) zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zaka.

Ndipo ngakhale munthu asunge malamulo onse amoyo wathanzi, kupitilira muyeso kupewa zonse zomwe sizingachitike. Chilengedwe chimapereka kuchepa kokhudzana ndi zaka.

Njira yodziwira zopatuka

Madokotala ambiri amalimbikitsa kuyang'ana zamadzimadzi zamagazi chaka chilichonse pambuyo pa zaka 25, komanso zaka 50 - kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ndi vuto la chibadwa, magazi amayenera kuperekedwa nthawi zonse.

Pa kudalirika kwa zotulukapo, magazi amaperekedwa mosamala pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Ndikofunikira kuti musamwe mowa, mankhwalawa - tsiku loti lisanachitike, musadye kwa maola 12, musasute fodya kapena kumwa kwa maola 6, komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa.

Tsiku lisanafike mayeso, ndikofunikira kusiya kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu, zakudya zamafuta ndi mchere - izi zingakhale zifukwa zoyambitsa mafuta m'thupi kwambiri mwa amuna. Ngati atherosulinosis wapezeka, kuwunikiranso kumaperekedwanso.

Zoyambitsa Hypercholesterolemia

Hypercholesterolemia lero ndi vuto wamba masiku ano. Zomwe zimayambitsa cholesterol yayikulu mwa amuna zimakhala m'moyo wawo woyamba. Amuna ndi omwe amakonda kwambiri mafuta komanso zakudya yokazinga, omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zoyipa mwanjira yosuta komanso kumwa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa cholesterol yayikulu mwa amuna ndi kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupsinjika, komanso kuthamanga kwa moyo. Izi zimaphatikizanso kukayikira kukaonana ndi dokotala komaliza.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, zoyambitsa za cholesterol yayikulu mwa amuna ndi izi:

• Zakudya zopanda pake.
• Matenda oopsa.
• Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kusagwira ntchito.
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Zaka zopitilira 40.
• Matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse.
• Matenda a chithokomiro.
• Matenda a Gallstone.
• Angina pectoris.
• Kulandila kwa immunosuppressants.

Kutengera kwamtundu wa atherosulinosis ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa cholesterol yayikulu mwa amuna. Masiku ano, cholesterol yokwera imayamba kuwonekera mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 35.

M'mbuyomu, izi zidadziwika pambuyo pa 40. Chifukwa chiyani? Zomwe zimayambitsa cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi zimayamba kulembedwa nthawi zambiri chifukwa ndikubwera kwa matekinoloje atsopano, kusachita ntchito, kudya kwambiri, kumwa mowa kwambiri komanso kupsinjika. Mapulogalamu ena pawokha amalingalira kuti azikula cholesterol - awa ndi ogwira ntchito mu ofesi ndi oyendetsa mikwingwirima yonse.

Monga mukuwonera, chifukwa chachikulu (cholesterol yamagazi mwa amuna imachulukidwa nthawi zambiri kuposa akazi) ndi njira yolakwika. Udindo wazakudya ndizofunikanso: sichinsinsi kuti amuna amakonda kupuma chakudya, kumwa madzi pang'ono, kudya zipatso zochepa, masamba, zitsamba ndi zipatso. Koma amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya mwachangu, zomwe sizidadzetse thanzi.

Zizindikiro zake za hypercholesterolemia

Zizindikiro zazikulu za cholesterol yowonjezera:

• mawonekedwe a pakhungu,
• chikasu cha khungu kuzungulira maso ndi kupezeka kwa xanthelasm ndi xanthoma (madontho oyera ndi achikasu pansi pa khungu ndi kudzikundikira kwa lipids),
• chingwe cha imvi chikuwoneka mozungulira tulo, maso akhungu,
• kupweteka kwa mwendo kumatha kuchitika mukuyenda kapena mukuyenda,
• angina kuukira (tachycardia, magazi kulumpha, chizungulire, thukuta),
• kunenepa.

Kuphatikiza pazowerengedwa, amuna ayenera kulabadira za imvi zoyambirira. Komanso, cholesterol yowonjezereka mwa amuna imawopseza ndi kuchepa kwa potency. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kwamatumbo okhala ndi zopanikizika. Kutsekeka kwamagazi kungayambitse zinthu izi:

• kutupa ndi dzanzi m'miyendo,
• halitosis
• kamwa yowuma
• kulemera m'mimba
• masomphenya osalala
• kudzimbidwa
• kufooka ndi kutopa.

Zizindikiro zonsezi ndi zakunja, ndipo zamkati zimayambitsidwa ndi stenosis yamitsempha, motero, titha kuzindikira:

• minyewa yam'mutu,
• zolembera m'matumbo ndi kuchepera kwa kuwala kwawo,
• makkalino
• kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira.

Koma sipangakhale zisonyezo zilizonse, ndipo hypercholesterolemia imatha kudziwidwa ndi dokotala mwangozi. Kodi izi zikukamba chiyani?

Kuyesedwa koyenera ndikofunikira pakakhala matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima, matenda a shuga, matenda a impso ndi chiwindi.

Ndi cholesterol yocheperako, boma lotsutsana ndiloti chitetezo cha mthupi chimavutika, ndipo ntchito ya ziwalo zambiri imasokonekera. Chachikulu ndichakuti kutanuka kwa zotengera kumachulukira ndipo pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kukomoka kwa hemorrhagic.

Kuopsa kwa LDL yayikulu

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yamagazi mwa abambo popanda kulandira chithandizo moyenera kumayambitsa zovuta monga:

• atherosulinosis
• thromboembolism
• kulephera kwamtima, ischemia, kugunda kwa mtima, angina pectoris,
• kusasamala kwa mahomoni,
• matenda a chiwindi, impso, adrenal glands,
• ngozi yamitsempha ndi stroko,
• kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira
• zotsatira zakupha.

Mitsempha yopanda thanzi imapezeka pamndandanda wazomwe zili pamwambapa, zomwe zimayambitsa zonsezi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti aliyense azikumbukira kuti zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za cholesterol yowonjezereka mwa abambo nthawi zonse zimagwirizana kwambiri, ndikuwunika nthawi yake ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, chithandizo ndi chitsimikizo cha thanzi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi kufalikira kapena kufupikitsa kwa lumen kwamitsempha yamagazi?

Mapangidwe a magazi, magazi amapita ku ubongo ndipo mtima umasokonezeka, hypoxia, ischemia ndi minofu necrosis. Matenda amakula pang'onopang'ono, ndi atherosulinosis mu 89% ya milandu, imfa imachitika m'maloto.

Ngati bambo ali ndi cholesterol yayikulu, ndiyenera kuchita chiyani? Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kukhala yokwanira. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi: zakudya zoyenera, komanso chakudya chambiri.

Ndikofunikira kuti mndandanda wokhazikika komanso wopangidwa bwino wokhala ndi cholesterol yokwezeka mwa amuna, komanso kukhalabe ndi moyo wathanzi, uthandizenso kuchepetsa cholesterol kukhala yabwinobwino. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera ndikofunikira, mankhwala ngati kuli kofunikira.

Mankhwala

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi kuchiritsa kwa cholesterol yayikulu mwa amuna zimagwirizana kwambiri. Ngakhale pali mankhwala ambiri kuti muchepetse cholesterol masiku ano ndipo angagulidwe ku pharmacy popanda mankhwala, izi sizitanthauza mwayi wodzipatsa nokha mankhwala. Ngakhale mukumva mankhwala.

Dokotala yekha ndi amene ayenera kuchitira cholesterol yayikulu mwa amuna. Imatsimikizira kutalika kwa makonzedwe ndi mlingo. Dokotala wopezekapo amatha kusankha (lipid-lowering) mankhwala omwe angalepheretse kukula kwa atherosulinosis ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta.

Mankhwala otsitsa a Lipid akuphatikizapo:

1. Ma Statin - amatseka kaphatikizidwe ka LDL, ndipo mwayi woti azingoyendayenda pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi amachepa. Lipid metabolism ikupita patsogolo. Pakati pawo: "Tricor", "Lipantil 2000M" - ofunika chifukwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito matenda ashuga, "Atorvastatin", "Simgal", "Tulip" ndi ena.
2. Ziwonetsero zimathandizira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa enzyme yomwe imaphwanya LDL. Izi zikuphatikiza Fenofibrate, Bezafibrat, etc.
3. FFA - sequestrants za bile acid. Limagwirira awo ndi kuti m'matumbo amapanga bile bile ndipo amapanga mankhwala osakwanira omwe amatulutsidwa m'zimbudzi. Zotsatira zake, zimalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa mafuta m'matumbo. Thupi limayankha poyambitsa kupangidwa kwa ma bile achilendo m'masitolo a LDL, omwe pamapeto pake amachepetsa mafuta m'thupi. Izi zimaphatikizapo cholestyramine, colestipol, etc.
4. Kukonzekera kwa Nicotinic acid kumatha kuwonjezera HDL m'magazi.
5. Kwa chithandizo chambiri nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa ndi madokotala ambiri azakudya zothandizira kuchepetsa bile. Mankhwala onse amachitidwa motsogozedwa ndi mulingo wa OX m'mwazi.

Contraindication chithandizo

Pafupifupi mankhwala onse ali nawo. Ndalama zochokera ku fibroic acid sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mwa achinyamata omwe kutha msinkhu kwawo sikutha. Komanso, gulu ili la mankhwalawa sililoledwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi impso, chifukwa amachititsa kuti miyala ya impso ipangike. Pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala mankhwala opatsirana a m'mimba.

FFA sayenera kumwedwa chifukwa cha iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la biliary, pali matenda a impso komanso kudzimbidwa kawirikawiri.

Niacin osavomerezeka chifukwa cha chiwindi chachikulu, hepatitis, IDPK ndi m'mimba.

Cholesterol yotsitsa zakudya

Malamulo akulu azakudya za cholesterol yayikulu mwa amuna ndi awa:

• kukonda nyama,
• nkhuku siziyenera kukhala ndi masamba.

Njira yabwino ndikusintha nyama ndi nsomba kapena nkhuku.

Mitundu yamitundu yonse ya nyama zazing'ono ndizololedwa. Zinthu zamkaka - ndizokhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Zogulitsa zamasamba ziyenera kupezeka mu chakudya chochuluka. Ma saladi akuyenera kukonzedwa ndi mafuta a masamba okha, kupatula manja. Mafuta amakhala bwino kuposa osakonzedwa.

Nzimbe zothandiza pamadzi, makamaka oat ndi buckwheat.

Pazakudya ziyenera kukhala:

1. Mtedza.
2. Kwa buledi - ufa wowuma wokha.
3. Mazira a mazira - 2-3 pa sabata. Komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tchizi ndi offal.
4. Zakudya zam'nyanja - zochuluka kwambiri.

Zokazinga sizimachotsedwa. Chithandizo cha kutentha - chawotcha kapena kuwiritsa. Kofi ndi yocheperako, ndi bwino kuisinthanitsa ndi tiyi. Zipatso zouma kuti muchepetse. Mowa umapatula kupatula vinyo wofiira.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi cholesterol yambiri mwa amuna, zomwe zimatsitsa cholesterol, ziyenera kukhala zofunikira komanso kupatula masoseji, nkhumba ndi maipi am'madzi, magulu.

Mwa zakumwa zimalola madzi, tiyi wobiriwira, tiyi wamafuta, mwatsopano timadzi tokhathamira, ma compotes osapezekanso. Zipatso - maapulo, nthochi, zipatso za malalanje, mphesa, mapeyala, plums. Zipatso - sitiroberi, sitiroberi, currants, raspberries. Masamba - kaloti, beets, zukini, Brussels zikumera.

Zosankha (kupatula zofiira / zakuda ndi allspice) ndizoletsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, amachepetsa magazi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa khofi: kumwa kwake kwambiri kumawonjezera cholesterol. Makamaka ngati mumamwa makapu opitilira 2 patsiku. M'malo ndi tiyi. Tiyi yobiriwira imatsitsa cholesterol ndi 15%.

Kuchita masewera

Ngati vuto la wodwalayo silili lalikulu, ndiye kuti mutha kuchita popanda mapiritsi. Muyenera kusintha moyo wanu. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikungalimbitse minofu, komanso kuchepetsa thupi, ndikofunikanso.

Sitikulankhula za kupambana kwa Olimpiki. Kuyenda mokwanira mumlengalenga, koma osachepera ola limodzi.Malizitsani kulimbitsa thupi kulikonse ndi kupuma minofu, pamene mukuphunzitsa, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mumamwa.

Ndikofunika kuchita kuthamanga, kuvina, kusambira. Kuchulukitsa kwa katundu kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa mtima kwa mtima sikuyenera kupitirira 15 kumenya kuchokera ku chizolowezi.

Kodi madokotala amalimbikitsa chiyani?

Chifukwa chake, madokotala amalimbikitsa:

1. Yambirani m'mawa ndikulipira mphindi 10.
2. Imwani madzi abwino osachepera malita awiri patsiku.
3. Onetsetsani kuti mumamwa kapu ya madzi mphindi 20 musanadye.
4. Pewani mowa, kusuta.
5. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera 2 pa sabata.
6. Kuyenda tsiku lililonse, osachepera ola limodzi.

Thupi limasowa cholesterol, koma kuchepa kwake kapena kuonjezera kumabweretsa kuphwanya kwakukulu. Kusamala komwe kumafunikira kusamalidwa ndikofunikira.

Zizindikiro zake

Ndi ziti zomwe zikuwonetsa cholesterol yapamwamba? Tsoka ilo, kunja, kuwonjezereka kwa cholesterol ndikosavuta kudziwa. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa zimaphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa:

• angina pectoris
• zovuta za chopondapo
• kugona kwatsatanetsatane,
• kutopa,
• kusowa kwa chakudya
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kusapeza bwino mu chiwindi,
• kuchuluka kwa mantha
• pafupipafupi migraine ndimutu,
• kupweteka mtima
• kupweteka m'malo otsika mukasuntha,
• xanthoma (kudzikundikira mafuta pansi pa khungu).

Nthawi zambiri, xanthomas amapezeka m'makope. Zizindikiro zina zimatha kuwonetsa kukula kwa ma pathologies ena. Maonekedwe a imvi zoyambirira mwa amuna zimatanthauzanso Zizindikiro za cholesterol yayikulu yamagazi.

Tsitsi la imvi limawonekera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa atherosselotic mu capillaries a follicles a tsitsi. Chifukwa chake, ngati imvi imawonedwa pamutu paunyamata, ichi ndiye chomwe chikuyenera kukhala chifukwa chofufuzira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol.

Zakudya za cholesterol zapamwamba

Ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa zopatsa mphamvu zonse za zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga: kuchepetsa mafuta a nyama muzakudya. Zakudya zamafuta zimasinthidwa ndi nsomba, ndipo mafuta a nyama - ndi masamba, kuphatikiza zamasamba zatsopano ndi zipatso patsamba. Ndikofunika kupatsa chidwi ndi zipatso zamkati.

Muyenera kudya chakudya cham'mawa chokhala ndi chakudya chokhala ndi mpunga, mpunga kapena oatmeal, osanenepetsa zakudya zamafuta ndi zakudya, zomwe zingapangitse kuti muchepetse LDL (otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins), kuchepetsa mchere ndi shuga, kusiyanitsa menyu ndi zakudya zopyapyala zambiri, komanso kupatula zakudya zofunikira mafuta odzaza ndi trans.

Ndikofunika kuphikira chakudya banja, kuphika mu uvuni kapena mphodza. Chakudya chizikhala chopindika. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chofunikira chamankhwala. Zakudya zimathandiza kuyeretsa mitsempha ya magazi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa. Akatswiri amakulangizani kuti mudye:

• durum tirigu, pastries
• nkhuku, kalulu, nkhuku, nyama yamwana,
• mpendadzuwa ndi mafuta a maolivi,
• nsomba zam'madzi amchere, oysters ndi ma scallops,
• mazira, mkaka wowonda, curd, yogati ndi kefir wopanda mafuta,
• tchizi chamafuta ochepa
• supu zamasamba
• msuzi wa nsomba
• masamba abwino ndi magawo a zipatso,
• nyemba
• popsicles,
• kukoka mafuta ochepa, makeke amphaka ndi mtedza,
• madzi, zakumwa za zipatso, timadziti tothira madzi tatsopano popanda shuga.

Kuchulukana kwa cholesterol, kudya zakudya zomwe zimachulukitsa zomwe siziyenera kuphatikizidwa:

• mafuta anyama, mafuta anyama, batala ndi mafuta a kanjedza,
• ma bulu, chakudya chofewa cha tirigu,
• bakha, tsekwe ndi nyama ya nkhumba, yomwe imatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta okhala ngati mafuta m'magazi,
• mafuta, masoseji ndi mafuta,
• nsomba yokazinga, squid, caviar, octopus, shrimp,
• mazira okazinga, kirimu wowawasa, kirimu, mkaka wopindika, tchizi wowawasa,
• msuzi wa nyama
• mafuta, ayisikilimu wamafuta, coconuts,
• kirimu ndi koko ndi zakumwa za khofi,
• msuzi wa mayonesi ndi mafuta.

Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo

Momwe mungadziwire ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kwakwera? Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, ndikofunikira kupereka magazi miyezi ingapo 9 mpaka 10 kuti akayezetsedwe wamagazi - lipid triad. Chifukwa cha kusanthula, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yabwino ndi yoyipa.

Kupezeka kwa cholesterol yayikulu sikuti nthawi zonse kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic. Nthawi zina, chizindikiro cha chinthu chimachitika mukamamwa mankhwala: cortisone, thiazide diuretics, retinoids (zochizira ziphuphu).

Zoyenera kuchita ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chinthu chonga mafuta m'magazi? Popewa kukula kwamavuto akulu, ndikofunikira kuwunika kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, chithandizireni pakupatuka kwina kulikonse. Njira zochizira hypercholesterolemia cholinga chake ndikuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa izi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi thandizo lawo, kukulitsa zovuta kumatha kupewedwa.

Wodwalayo amamulembera mankhwala, zakudya, ndi njira ya thupi. Mankhwala ochizira odwala owopsa pambuyo pa zaka 20-30 atenge:

• Statin - mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kuphatikiza kwa cholesterol m'chiwindi. Ma statin othandiza kwambiri ndi Atorvastatin, Pravastatin, Lovastatin, Fluvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Pitavastatin.
• Mankhwala omwe amasokoneza mayamwidwe a cholesterol m'matumbo. Zida zothandiza kwambiri ndi Ezetrol, Inegi.
• Sequestrants ya bile acid - gulu la mankhwala omwe amatha kumangiriza bile m'matumbo ndikuchichotsa m'thupi. Ma asidi achilengedwe ndi zinthu zosinthana ndi mafuta ndi mafuta m'thupi, ndiye kuti asidi atachoka m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kumatsika kwambiri. Madzi am'madzi am'madzi amatha kupewetsa komanso kukhumudwa m'mimba. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri: Colestyramine, Colestipol, Colextran, Colesevelam, Hewar chingamu.
• Fibates - zotengera za fibrin acid, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'magazi, zimathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yapamwamba. Poyerekeza ndi kumbuyo kwa kutenga fupa, mavuto m'chiwindi amatha kuchitika, chilakolako chogonana chimatha kufooka, kukonzekera kungayambike, ndipo chidwi chikukula. Mitundu yothandiza kwambiri: Bezamidin, Lipanor, Lopid, Atromide, Miskleron, Gavilon, Normolit, Atromidin, Besalip, Lipantil, Tricor, etc.
• Nicotinic acid ndi gulu la vitamini B lomwe limapezeka muzakudya. Njira ya nicotinic acid mankhwala imatha kuikidwa pokhapokha kuwonjezeka kwa milingo ya otsika osalimba a lipoprotein. Chifukwa chakutseka kwa lipolysis yongodziyimira (kumasulidwa kwamafuta kuchokera kumisempha yothiriridwa kulowa m'magazi), kuchuluka kwa LDL kumayamba kuchepa, ndipo HDL (lipoproteins high) ikuchulukirachulukira. Niacin amathandizira kupondereza kapangidwe ka cholesterol m'chiwindi. Kuphatikiza apo, niacin imakhala ndi vasodilating. Kulandilidwa kwa niacin kumalimbikitsa kukonzanso kwa cholesterol plaque, kutsitsa shuga m'magazi. Niacin amathandizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mapuloteni am'mimba m'thupi, imagwirizanitsa chinsinsi ndi ntchito yam'mimba, kukonza chobisalira ndi madzi a pancreatic madzi, ndikuwonjezera chiwindi.

Pofuna kusintha kwa lipid ya magazi, pamavuto ovuta kwambiri, njira yotsuka magazi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito: plasma sorption, hemosorption, immunosorption ya lipoproteins. Panthawi yonseyi, magazi a munthu wodwala amachotsedwa mu mtsempha ndikutsukidwa ndi zosefera zapadera.

Magazi oyeretsedwa nthawi yomweyo amalowa mu mtsempha wina pogwiritsa ntchito catheter. Pankhaniyi, cholesterol yokwera imachotsedwa mwachangu. Ndi njira yanji yamankhwala yomwe mungasankhe yomwe lingachitike ndi dokotala. Ndizosavomerezeka kudzilingalira nokha ndikumwa mankhwala palangizo la anzanu!

Kuphatikiza pa kuchitira zachipatala, dokotala wopezekapo akuyenera kuchita zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndikuyankhulanso zofunikira pakuchotsa mapaundi owonjezera. Wodwala amayenera kusiyiratu kusuta, kumwa mowa kuti apewe mavuto.

Kukwera miyendo ndi masewera ndizofunikira tsiku lililonse. Zolimbitsa thupi za aerobic, kusambira, kuthamanga kapena volleyball ndizabwino. Kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi, komanso njira zamankhwala, ziyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala.

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek yakale amatanthauza "bile yolimba" ndipo ndi gulu lovuta, ndilo mowa wachilengedwe wa polycyclic lipophilic. 80% imapangidwa ndi thupi lokha (pafupifupi ma milligram 500), ena onse, 20%, amachokera ku chakudya. Dzina lina la chinthucho ndi cholesterol. Gawo lake lalikulu limapangidwa m'chiwindi.

Kutchulidwa koyamba kudachokera ku 1769. Mu 1859, a Marseille Berthelot adatsimikizira kuti mafuta onga amtundu wa alcohols.

Cholesterol siisungunuka m'madzi, imayang'anira kukhulupirika kwa nembanemba yama cell ndikupanga vitamini D, mahomoni ndi ma acid acid.

Ma lipoprotein ndi mankhwala osakanikirana chifukwa chomwe chinthucho chimatumizidwira thupi lonse. Asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu itatu:

1. Kachulukidwe kakang'ono ("koyipa"),
2. Zapamwamba ("zabwino"). Zimalepheretsa mapangidwe a atherosselotic zolembera.
3. Chylomicrons. Amaphatikizapo triglycerides. Kuwonekera m'matumbo.

Ntchito za cholesterol m'thupi:

• imabwezeretsa kagayidwe
• imasinthasintha ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati,
• imathandizira kapangidwe ka mahomoni ogonana,
• amatembenuza vitamini D,
• imasiyanitsa zingwe zamitsempha.

Zimayambitsa High Cholesterol

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani pali cholesterol yambiri? Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa zamankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha "bile chikhale chambiri" ndi izi:

• Matenda oopsa
• Kulemera kwambiri
• Ukalamba
• Matenda a shuga
• Khalidweli
• Matenda a chithokomiro
• Khalidwe labwino
• Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• Matenda a Gallstone
• Matenda a mtima wa Ischemic,
• Kupsinjika
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma immunosuppressants, etc.

Monga mukuwonera, chifukwa chachikulu chokhala ndi cholesterol yayikulu mu kugonana kwamphamvu ndi njira yolakwika.

Kuchuluka kwa amuna kumafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala. Zizindikiro zina zakunja ndi zamkati za wodwala zimathandizira kudziwa. Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo:

• mawanga pamwamba pa khungu,
• chikopa pakhungu,
• zomverera zosasangalatsa m'miyendo mukathamanga kapena poyenda.

Pofuna kuzindikira pawokha matenda, bambo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa xanthelasma ndi xanthomas (zoyera ndi zachikasu pazikanda). Amatha kuwonekera m'makope ndi mbali zina za nkhope ndi thupi.

Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zalembedwazo, zizindikiro za cholesterol yokwezeka m'thupi laimuna imaphatikizanso imvi zoyambirira. Tsitsi la wachinyamata litayamba kukhala loyera, ayenera kudutsa mayeso oyenera.

Zizindikiro zamkati zimaphatikizapo:

• kutsekeka kwamitsempha yama mtima,
• Ziphuphu zamitsempha yamagazi, ndipo chifukwa chake, unadulidwa,
• kuwonongeka kwa zolembera zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwa mtima,
• kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira
• kupweteka mumtima.

Nthawi zambiri, cholesterol chokwezeka mwa amuna sichimadzipangitsa kumva. Vutoli limapezeka pakubwera kwadokotala kotsatira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mukamayesedwe mwadongosolo.

Cholesterol yotsitsa zakudya

Ngati munthu adakweza cholesterol, ndiye kuti adalimbikitsidwa kupatula nkhumba, soseji, nyama yamadzi yamadzi, ndi confectionery ku menyu. Muyeneranso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mazira ndi tchizi. Mndandanda wololedwa umaphatikizapo kalulu, nyama yamwana wamkati, nkhuku kapena chidutswa cha nkhuku, mkaka wokhala ndi mafuta ochepa. Ndikofunikira kupereka zokonda pazomera zomera.

Maphala amphongo (oatmeal, buckwheat), mtedza, buledi wochokera ku ufa wosakanikira ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Musaiwale za zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kugwira "hard bile":

1. Mafuta ophikira (makamaka maolivi ndi mpendadzuwa osafotokozedwa) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuvala.
2. Nyama. Mitundu yamafuta ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, mwanawankhosa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ugwire kapena kuwira.
3. Zakumwa. Mndandanda wa zothandiza umaphatikizapo madzi, timadziti tofinya kumene, ma compotes osapezekanso.
4. Mbale Tumikirani ngati gwero la fiber (mkate, buledi). Onetsetsani kuti muphatikiza mbewu monga mpunga, tirigu, mkaka wam'madzi (mkaka wamadzi kapena wopanda mkaka, wopanda mafuta) muzakudya.
5. Zipatso (maapulo, nthochi, zipatso za malalanje, mphesa, mapeyala, plums).
6. Zipatso (sitiroberi, sitiroberi, currants, raspberries).
7. Masamba (makamaka kaloti, beets, zukini, Brussels zikumera) mwatsopano komanso yophika.
8. Zinthu zamafuta ochepa mkaka.
9. Zosiyanasiyana (kupatula zofiira / zakuda ndi allspice).

Ntchito ya cholesterol

Mphamvu zamomwe zimapangidwira zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi zochita zonse za thupi. Mlingo wa cholesterol mwa munthu wathanzi ndiwokhazikika, mawonekedwe ake saposa 5.2 mmol / l. Pafupifupi 80% ya zovuta za lipid zovuta zimapangidwa ndi chiwindi, zotsalazo zimabwera ndi chakudya. Sterol amatenga kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni ogonana mwa amuna, amayang'anira kapangidwe ka bile acid, vitamini D, chinthucho chimagwira mwachangu chimbudzi cha chakudya.

Sterol imathandizira kagayidwe kazakudya, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutulutsa lipids zamkati komanso zamkati kuzinthu zilizonse za khungu, komwe zimapereka mphamvu ya ma cytoshells, amateteza maselo ku ziphe, poizoni.

Cholesterol ndiyofunikira kwambiri ku ubongo ndi msana, chifukwa ndi gawo la ma neuron. Kuphatikiza apo, amathandizira kuchuluka kwamadzi maselo, chitetezo chaumunthu.

Kuphwanya mulingo wa kagayidwe kalikonse kamasintha kagayidwe ka magazi, komwe ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti munthu adziwe matenda ake.

Zizindikiro ndi mawonetseredwe azachipatala

Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol sikumatha kuwonekera kudzera m'maso, popanda kuyezetsa magazi, kuwunika kwa hypercholesterolemia sikungapangidwe, koma pali zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi matenda zomwe zimapangitsa kukayikira kuphwanya kagayidwe ka mafuta:

• mawonekedwe a xanthomas kapena xanthelasms pakhungu ndi ma neoplasms osakhazikika odzaza ndi maselo amafuta,
• mapangidwe a lipoid arch - mawanga achikasu pa sclera: mwa achinyamata amalankhula za zovuta za metabolic, mu okalamba - za kukalamba kwa thupi,
• Kusowa kwa zakudya zam'munsi zatsika kumayambitsa kupweteka, kupweteka kwamiyendo.
• Hypoxia ya minofu ya mtima, zida zamaso - zimayambitsa kusasangalatsa kumbuyo kwa sternum, zosokoneza zowoneka,
• kusowa kwa mahomoni kumayambitsa dazi, kusowa pogonana.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumakwiyitsa kunenepa kwamtundu wachikazi, komanso ma pathologies osiyanasiyana a mtima omwe amadalira kupezeka kwa cholesterol plaques.

Dziwani vuto

Njira yayikulu yodziwira cholesterol yayikulu ndikuwunika magazi. Amaphatikizidwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa odwala omwe amafunikira thandizo kuchipatala. Pofufuza, tengani 5 ml ya magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kunyenga kwa kusanthula ndikofunikira kwa dokotala.

Mwa amuna, amadziwa:

• OAC ndi OAM kufotokozera onse zaumoyo,
• biochemical kusanthula ndi kutsimikiza shuga, creatinine, uric acid - kusinthana zikwangwani,
• cholesterol yonse (OH) - yonse yazigawo zonse,
• LDL - lipoproteins otsika kwambiri (ngati kuli kotheka - VLDL: lipoproteins otsika kwambiri),
• HDL - lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri (ngati kuli kotheka - LAPP: lipoproteins yapakatikati).

Mtundu wowonjezeredwa wa mayeso ndi mayeso a magazi a triglycerides, immunological, genetic, chithunzi cha lipid chitha kukhazikitsidwa kupatula mkhalidwe wabanja la matenda, kufotokozera mtundu wa hypercholesterolemia.

Mlingo wa lipids umasintha pazaka zambiri, zomwe zimaganiziridwa mukamafufuza.Mulingo wa cholesterol mthupi la bambo wazaka 20 (kuyambira 3 mpaka 5) umasiyana kwambiri ndi zikhalidwe za wodwala wazaka makumi anayi (kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 7), makamaka kuchokera ku cholesterol yakale, yomwe imawonetsa zaka 50-55 (mpaka 7.2 mmol / l).

Chiwerengero pakati pa LDL ndi HDL ndi pafupifupi 50:50.

Zochizira

Hypercholesterolemia imatanthawuza kukonza koyenera, kwakanthawi. Ngati sanasamalilidwe, zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zakumapeto: matenda amtima, kukanika, kugunda kwa mtima, kulephera kwam'mimba kapena aimpso, imfa.

Mankhwala

Kuchulukitsidwa chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi aanthu kumatanthauza kupezeka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pokhapokha ngati zotsatira za mankhwala azidya. Magulu akuluakulu a mankhwalawa amaperekedwa patebulo:

Madera: Pravastatin, Atorvastatin, Fluvastatin, Lovastatin, Simvastatin.